CEN - CEN TC

This document specifies a normalized traffic noise spectrum for the evaluation and assessment of the acoustic performance of devices designed to reduce traffic noise near roads.

This document is a product specification, giving performance requirements for emergency safety body showers connected to the water supply. It is applicable to plumbed-in body showers only, located in laboratory facilities.
Requirements are given in respect of the performance, installation, adjustment and marking of the showers as well as installation, operation and maintenance instructions to be given by the manufacturer.
NOTE   Attention is drawn to national regulations which might apply in respect of the installation and use of emergency safety showers.

This document specifies the identification of radionuclides and the measurement of their activity in soil using in situ gamma spectrometry with portable systems equipped with germanium or scintillation detectors.
This document is suitable to rapidly assess the activity of artificial and natural radionuclides deposited on or present in soil layers of large areas of a site under investigation.
This document can be used in connection with radionuclide measurements of soil samples in the laboratory (see ISO 18589-3) in the following cases:
—     routine surveillance of the impact of radioactivity released from nuclear installations or of the evolution of radioactivity in the region;
—     investigations of accident and incident situations;
—     planning and surveillance of remedial action;
—     decommissioning of installations or the clearance of materials.
It can also be used for the identification of airborne artificial radionuclides, when assessing the exposure levels inside buildings or during waste disposal operations.
Following a nuclear accident, in situ gamma spectrometry is a powerful method for rapid evaluation of the gamma activity deposited onto the soil surface as well as the surficial contamination of flat objects.
NOTE            The method described in this document is not suitable when the spatial distribution of the radionuclides in the environment is not precisely known (influence quantities, unknown distribution in soil) or in situations with very high photon flux. However, the use of small volume detectors with suitable electronics allows measurements to be performed under high photon flux.

The eighth edition of ICAO Doc 9303 progresses from using the first edition of the ISO/IEC 19794 series for encoding biometric reference data in electronic machine-readable travel documents to using the ISO/IEC 39794 series for this purpose. This document specifies how to use ISO/IEC 39794-4 for fingerprint image data stored in electronic machine-readable travel documents.

This document gives the technical rationale for the requirements and parameters for petrol as defined in CEN/TS 18227, with a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). This fuel has maximum 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol and/or of 22 % (V/V) fuel ethers with 5 or more carbons.
NOTE 1   This document is directly related to CEN/TS 18227 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2   For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies a methodology for describing and managing interactions and a format for digital communication between actors in any use case associated with the management of an asset during all life cycle stages.
It provides:
—     a methodology that describes an interaction framework for a use case;
—     an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow;
—     a format in which the interaction framework is specified and executed.
This document is intended to promote secure, verifiable, traceable and high-quality digital IDM communication between actors during all phases of the life cycle of assets, facilitate interoperability between software applications used, and to provide a basis for data- and process-driven information exchange and traceability of communication.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for E20 petrol marketed and delivered as such, containing a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). The fuel has a maximum of 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol.
It is applicable to fuel for use in spark-ignition petrol-fuelled engines and vehicles.
This document is complementary to EN 228, which describes unleaded petrol containing an oxygen content up to 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1   For general petrol engine vehicle warranty, E20 petrol might not be suitable for all vehicles and it is advised that the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer are consulted before use. E20 petrol might need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines might still be needed.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies the laboratory method for measuring the sound absorption performance of road traffic noise reducing devices in reverberant conditions. It covers the assessment of the intrinsic sound absorption performance of devices that can reasonably be assembled inside the testing facility described in EN ISO 354.
This method is not intended for the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of noise reducing devices to be installed on roads in non-reverberant conditions.
The test method in EN ISO 354 referred to in this document excludes devices that act as weakly damped resonators. Some devices will depart significantly from these requirements and in these cases, care is needed in interpreting the results.

This document specifies the requirements and general principles governing the biological evaluation of medical devices within a risk management process according to ISO 14971.
This document applies to the biological evaluation of medical devices that have direct contact or indirect contact with either:
—     a patient's body during intended use or reasonably foreseeable misuse; or
—     the body of other users who are not patients, if the medical device is intended for personal protection (e.g. medical gloves, surgical masks).
Biological evaluation assesses the biological safety of the medical device by considering the biological risks associated with:
—     constituents of a medical device; and
—     tissue-device interactions (including physical effects).
The biological evaluation specified in this document can address the biological safety of the medical device, considering the life cycle from design and development through initial use of the finished medical device to final decommissioning or withdrawal from use. The biological evaluation considers both the biological safety of the finished device in first use, and the significance of any changes to the medical device which can occur throughout the life cycle. However, the evaluation of risks related to environmental impacts of decommissioning of medical devices are not within the scope of this document. This document does not mandate re-testing of medical devices that are already on the market and have established and acceptable safety profiles (see 6.6.2).
This document can be useful to support clinical or usability evaluations of medical devices. For example, a biological evaluation is a pre-requisite for conducting a clinical trial. This means that principles outlined in this document can be applied to the evaluation of prototype or development stage devices, as well as to finished medical devices.
Other parts of the ISO 10993 series cover specific aspects of biological evaluation, such as chemical characterization, biological testing, sample preparation, animal welfare and toxicological risk assessment.
For some types of medical devices, specific requirements from other standards (outside the ISO 10993 series) can be considered with a justification for the approach taken if there are differences between the requirements of the ISO 10993 series and those provided in other standards. For example, the ISO 18562 series provides specific requirements for biological evaluation of breathing gas pathway medical devices and ISO 7405 provides specific requirements for biological evaluation of dental devices.
The evaluation of risks related to infectious agents [e.g. bacteria, moulds, yeasts, viruses, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents] is not within the scope of this document.
NOTE 1        The evaluation of bacterial endotoxins is addressed by ISO 11737-3.
NOTE 2        The evaluation of risks related to viruses, TSE agents and other pathogens originating from materials of animal origin is addressed by the ISO 22442 series.

This document specifies a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection from road noise reducing devices, the sound reflection index, and then calculate a single-number rating for sound absorption from it.
This document is applicable to:
—   the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of noise reducing devices to be installed along roads, to be measured either on typical installations alongside roads or on a relevant test specimen section;
—   the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of road traffic noise reducing devices in actual use under direct sound field conditions;
—   the comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work;
—   the verification of the long-term performance of road traffic noise reducing devices (with a repeated application of the method).
This document does not apply to:
—   the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of road traffic noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. inside tunnels or deep trenches.
Results for the sound reflection index are expressed as a function of frequency, in one-third octave bands between 200 Hz and 5 kHz, for qualification purposes. If it is not possible to get valid measurement results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results are given in a restricted frequency range, and the reasons for the restriction(s) are clearly reported.
For indoor measurements, see Annex D.

This document gives recommendations for the selection, use, care and maintenance of hearing protectors.

This document is a product specification, giving performance requirements for emergency safety eyewash units connected to the water supply. It is applicable to plumbed-in eyewash units only.
Requirements are given in respect of the performance, installation, adjustment and marking of the eyewash units, as well as installation, operation and maintenance instructions to be given by the manufacturer.
NOTE   Attention is drawn to national regulations which can apply in respect of the installation and use of eyewash units.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for inspection at time of filling of battery vehicles and multiple-element gas containers (MEGCs) for compressed and liquefied gases.
The elements of battery vehicles and MEGCs covered by this document are:
—   seamless steel or seamless aluminium alloy cylinders or tubes, and
—   composite cylinders or tubes (hoop-wrapped or fully-wrapped)
with a water capacity up to 3000 l.
This document is not applicable to MEGCs using tanks as elements.
This document is not applicable to the automotive components of a battery trailer.
NOTE   Acetylene battery-vehicles are covered by EN 13720 [1].

This document specifies a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation for road traffic noise reducing devices: the sound insulation index.
This document is applicable to:
—   determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices to be installed along roads, to be measured either on typical installations alongside roads or in laboratory conditions;
—   determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of road traffic noise reducing devices in actual use;
—   comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work;
—   verification of the long-term performance of road traffic noise reducing devices (with a repeated application of the method);
—   interactive design process of new products, including the formulation of installation manuals.
This document does not apply to:
—   the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of road traffic noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. inside tunnels or deep trenches or under covers.
Results for the sound insulation index are expressed as a function of frequency in one-third octave bands, between 200 Hz and 5 kHz for qualification purposes. If it is not possible to get valid measurement results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results are given in a restricted frequency range and the reasons for the restriction(s) are clearly reported.
For indoor measurements, see Annex D.

This document specifies a test method for determining the intrinsic characteristics of sound diffraction of added devices installed on the top of road traffic noise reducing devices. The test method prescribes measurements of the sound pressure level at several reference points near the top edge of a road traffic noise reducing device with and without the added device installed on its top. The effectiveness of the added device is calculated as the difference between the measured values with and without the added devices, correcting for any change in height (the method specified gives the acoustic benefit over a simple barrier of the same height; however, in practice the added device can raise the height and this could provide additional screening depending on the source and receiver positions).
This document is applicable to:
—   the preliminary qualification, outdoors or indoors, of added devices to be installed on road traffic noise reducing devices;
—   the determination of sound diffraction index difference of added devices in actual use;
—   the comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work;
—   the verification of the long-term performance of added devices (with a repeated application of the method);
—   the interactive design process of new products, including the formulation of installation manuals.
The test method can be applied both in situ and on samples purposely built to be tested using the method described here.
Results are expressed as a function of frequency, in one-third octave bands between 100 Hz and 5 kHz. If it is not possible to get valid measurements results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results are given in the restricted frequency range and the reasons of the restriction(s) are clearly reported. A single-number rating is calculated from frequency data.
For indoor measurements, see Annex D.

This document specifies the general requirements for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted shock vibrations. For the purposes of this document, hand-transmitted shock vibration is any impactive or impulsive vibration that the machine or tool produces as a sequence of single events (isolated shock vibrations) linked by periods of no, or lower vibration.
This document specifies parameters for the evaluation of machinery emissions of hand-transmitted shocks in the frequency range covered by ISO 5349-1 (nominally the frequency range covered by the octave bands from 8 Hz to 1 000 Hz).
NOTE            It is recognised that shock vibration often includes substantial high-frequency vibration energy. Therefore, reporting of information on hand-transmitted shock at higher frequencies that those specified in this document can be valuable.

This document specifies the laboratory method for measuring the airborne sound insulation performance of road traffic noise reducing devices in reverberant conditions. It covers the assessment of the intrinsic performance of barriers that can reasonably be assembled inside the testing facility described in EN ISO 10140-2 and EN ISO 10140-4.
This method is not intended for the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices to be installed on roads in non-reverberant conditions.

This document specifies requirements for a valuation of energy related investments (VALERI). It provides a description on how to gather, calculate, evaluate and document information in order to create solid business cases based on Net Present Value calculations for ERIs. The standard is applicable for the valuation of any kind of energy related investment.
The document focusses mainly on the valuation and documentation of the economic impacts of ERIs. However, non-economic effects (e.g. noise reduction) that can occur through undertaking an investment are also considered. Thus, qualitative effects (e.g. impact on the environment) - even if they are non-monetisable - are taken into consideration.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for durability, strength, security and function for arm-balancing systems for windows and door height windows - see Annex C.

This document specifies requirements and test methods of valve-actuator assemblies in individual zone control of water-based HVAC applications.
This document does not apply to control valves of nominal diameter larger than DN50.
This document is applicable to pressure independent and pressure dependent control valve-actuator assemblies of relevant categories: 2-port, 3-port and 6-port valves (if they incorporate a control valve function).
Where a certain control loop as a combination of controller and valve-actuator assembly was assessed under EN 15500-1 [3], this document allows the assessment of the performance of combinations of that controller with different valve-actuator assemblies. The tests in this document ensure that valve/actuator assemblies, as components of control loops, can be replaced with products that provide comparable or better performance.
In hydronic system, valve-actuator assembly is a component of control loop that controls water flow rate according to the application control demand.

1.1    This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for
—    cold presses,
—    hot presses,
—    bending presses,
—    edge/face gluing presses,
—    membrane presses, and
—    embossing presses,
where the pressing force is applied by hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical actuators pushing two flat or shaped surfaces against each other, capable of continuous production use, altogether referred to as “machines”.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A, relevant to machines, when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases are taken into account.
1.2    This document is applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices or additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with:
a)    a device for hot gluing;
b)    a device for high-frequency gluing in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz;
c)    a device for high-frequency shaping in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz;
d)    an automatic workpiece loading and unloading system;
e)    an intermediate additional platen;
f)    a workpiece extractor;
g)    a horizontal pressing system;
h)    split moveable platens.
1.3    The machines are designed to process workpieces consisting of:
a)    solid wood;
b)    materials with similar characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2), except those with light alloy laminates/edges/profiles for high-frequency presses;
c)    wood-based material such as chipboard, fibreboard and plywood composed/laminated with steel sheets/edges/profiles, except for high-frequency presses;
d)    honeycomb board;
e)    composite boards made from the materials listed above.
1.4    This document does not deal with any hazards related to:
—    specific devices that differ from the list above;
—    hot fluid heating systems internal to the machine other than electrical;
—    any hot fluid heating systems external to the machine;
—    operation of taking intermediate platens out and in again;
—    the combination of a single machine being used with any other machine (as part of a line).
1.5    This document is not applicable to:
—    frame presses;
—    membrane presses where the pressing force is applied by vacuum only;
—    presses for producing chipboard, fibreboard, OSB;
—    machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere;
—    machines manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

The ISO 11929 series specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the “decision threshold”, the “detection limit” and the “limits of the coverage interval” for a non-negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. The measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors.
ISO 11929 has been divided into four parts covering elementary applications in this document, advanced applications on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 3-1 in ISO 11929-2, applications to unfolding methods in ISO 11929-3, and guidance to the application in ISO 11929-4.
This document covers basic applications of counting measurements frequently used in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. It is restricted to applications for which the uncertainties can be evaluated on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (JCGM 2008). In Annex A, the special case of repeated counting measurements with random influences is covered, while measurements with linear analogous ratemeters are covered in Annex B.
ISO 11929-2 extends the former ISO 11929:2010 to the evaluation of measurement uncertainties according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl 1:2008. ISO 11929-2 also presents some explanatory notes regarding general aspects of counting measurements and on Bayesian statistics in measurements.
ISO 11929-3 deals with the evaluation of measurements using unfolding methods and counting spectrometric multi-channel measurements if evaluated by unfolding methods, in particular, for alpha- and gamma‑spectrometric measurements. Further, it provides some advice on how to deal with correlations and covariances.
ISO 11929-4 gives guidance to the application of the ISO 11929 series, summarizes shortly the general procedure and then presents a wide range of numerical examples. Information on the statistical roots of ISO 11929 and on its current development may be found elsewhere[33][34].
The ISO 11929 series also applies analogously to other measurements of any kind especially if a similar model of the evaluation is involved. Further practical examples can be found, for example, in ISO 18589[1], ISO 9696[2], ISO 9697[3], ISO 9698[4], ISO 10703[5], ISO 7503[6], ISO 28218[7] and ISO 11665[8].
NOTE            A code system, named UncertRadio, is available for calculations according to ISO 11929-1 to ISO 11929-3. UncertRadio[31][32] can be downloaded for free from https://www.thuenen.de/en/institutes/fisheries-ecology/fields-of-activity/marine-environment/coordination-centre-of-radioactivity/uncertradio. The download contains a setup installation file which copies all files and folders into a folder specified by the user. After installation one has to add information to the PATH of Windows as indicated by a pop‑up window during installation. English language can be chosen and extensive “help” information is available.

This document specifies a method for the qualification and quantification of certain quinoline derivatives in textile products by means of extraction with methanol and gas chromatography with mass selective detector or liquid chromatography with mass selective detector.
The method is applicable to all kinds of textile products consisting of natural or artificially dyed textile fibres and fabrics. It is further applicable to dyestuff powder used as textile auxiliary for dyeing and printing.

This document specifies requirements and gives guidelines for designing accessible software for people with the widest range of physical, sensory and cognitive abilities, including those who are temporarily or situationally disabled, and the elderly. It addresses software considerations for accessibility that complement general design for usability as addressed by parts of the ISO 9241 series, especially ISO 9241-11 and ISO 9241-210.
This document is applicable to the accessibility of interactive systems. It addresses a wide range of software (e.g. home, mobile, office, web, learning support and library systems). It promotes the increased usability of systems for a wider range of users in the widest range of contexts of use.
This document does not apply to the behaviour of, or requirements for, assistive technologies (including assistive software), but it does address the use of assistive technologies as an integrated component of interactive systems.
It is intended for use by those responsible for the specification, design, development, evaluation and procurement of software platforms and software applications.

This document specifies a method for the determination of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater, bathing water and mineral water using the small-scale sealed tube method. The result can be expressed as NH4 or NH4-N or NH3 or NH3-N.
NOTE 1   In the habitual language use of sewage treatment and on the displays of automated sealed-tube test photometers or spectrophotometers, NH4 without indication of the positive charge has become the common notation for the parameter ammonium. This notation is adopted in this document even though not being quite correct chemical nomenclature.
This method is applicable to (NH4-N) concentration ranges from 0,01 mg/l to 1 800 mg/l of NH4-N. The measuring ranges of concentration can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. Concentrations even slightly higher than the upper limit indicated in the manufacturers manual relating to the small-scale sealed tube method used, cannot be reported as accurate results. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution.
NOTE 2   The results of a small-scale sealed tube are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test.
All manufacturers' methods are based on the Berthelot reaction and its modifications to develop indophenol blue colour. Reagents mixtures can differ slightly based on manufacturers small-scale sealed tube method, see Clause 9. This method is applicable to non-preserved samples by using small-scale sealed tubes for the determination of drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater and to preserved samples. The method is applicable to samples with suspended materials if these materials are removable by filtration.

This document specifies the MNC method for the calculation of the methane number of a gaseous fuel, using the composition of the gas as sole input for the calculation.
This document applies to natural gas (and biomethane) and their admixtures with hydrogen.

This document specifies microbiological cleanliness and preservative efficacy requirements for accessible aqueous media in toys.
The requirements in this document apply to all toys that are, contain or are supplied with accessible aqueous materials (e.g. paste, putty, finger paint, liquid or gel).
The cleanliness and preservation effectiveness requirements are applicable to a toy as it is initially received by the consumer, in an unopened and undamaged container. This document does not apply to a toy that has been used, has had its packaging opened or is otherwise compromised in a way that would introduce microbiological contamination.
This document does not apply to toys and samples which are post-consumer use, since the microbiological limits are inappropriate given, there is no way to establish what conditions the toys have been subject to before testing.
This document does not apply to:
-   materials that are inaccessible during normal use or after reasonably foreseeable abuse;
-   food;
-   cosmetics;
-   components of toys covered by EN 71-13 where;
-   the component is in scope of the Cosmetic Products Regulation (i.e. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 [13];
-   the component comprises only recognized food flavours and food ingredients (see relevant legislation, for example Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 [16] ("general food law"), Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 [15] (flavours), Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 [14], Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 [18] (food additives) and Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 (food information to consumers)[17]);
-   experimental sets covered by EN 71-4.
NOTE   Play cosmetics, that are only for use on the toy (e.g. makeup products only for a doll), are not excluded.

This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrate as NO3-N in water of various origin such as natural water (including groundwater, surface water and bathing water), drinking water and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration between 0,10 mg/l and 225 mg/l of N03-N using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required.
The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of the small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers.
It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution.
NOTE 1   The results of a sealed-tube test are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test.
Manufacturers' small-scale sealed tube methods are based on dimethylphenol colour reaction depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.
NOTE 2   Laws, regulations or standards can require that the data is expressed as NO3- after conversion with the stoichiometric conversion factor 4,426 81 in Clause 11.
NOTE 3   In the habitual language, use of sewage treatment and on the displays of automated sealed-tube test devices, NO3 without indication of the negative charge has become the common notation for the parameter nitrate and especially for the parameter nitrate-N. This notation is adopted in this document even though not being quite correct chemical nomenclature.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for durability, strength, security and function for side hung projecting reversible hardware for windows and door height windows.
NOTE   This document is applicable to side hung projecting reversible hardware whether fitted with integral restrictors or not. Where any restrictor is used it is intended to be tested in accordance with EN 13126-5.

This document covers heavy rail rolling stock.
This document does not cover urban rail rolling stock.
NOTE 1   EN 17355 covers communication device requirements for urban rail rolling stock.
This document specifies:
-   the functional requirements for a call for aid system and communication device system;
-   the dynamic analysis of the call for aid system.
NOTE 2   "Dynamic analysis" is understood here as a sequence of actions.
NOTE 3   In a formation of vehicles where one complies with this document with one that does not, it is possible that the call for aid system is not fully functional.
NOTE 4   The call for aid system function is separate from the Passenger Alarm System (PAS) function, which is provided to deal with emergency situations. The PAS is described in EN 16334-1:2014+A1:2022.
NOTE 5   The communication device system can be different from the PAS, but it can share some or all parts of the PAS to achieve its functionalities.
NOTE 6   The PAS is regarded as a safety relevant system whereas the CFA system and communication device system are non-safety relevant aids to passengers.

The ISO 11929 series specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the “decision threshold”, the “detection limit” and the “limits of the coverage interval” for a non-negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. The measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors.
ISO 11929 has been divided into four parts covering elementary applications in ISO 11929-1, advanced applications on the basis of the GUM Supplement 1 in this document, applications to unfolding methods in ISO 11929-3, and guidance to the application in ISO 11929-4.
ISO 11929-1 covers basic applications of counting measurements frequently used in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. It is restricted to applications for which the uncertainties can be evaluated on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (JCGM 2008). In ISO 11929-1:2025, Annex A, the special case of repeated counting measurements with random influences is covered, while measurements with linear analogous ratemeters are covered in ISO 11929-1:2025, Annex B.
ISO 11929-3 deals with the evaluation of measurements using unfolding methods and counting spectrometric multi-channel measurements if evaluated by unfolding methods, in particular, for alpha- and gamma‑spectrometric measurements. Further, it provides some advice on how to deal with correlations and covariances.
ISO 11929-4 gives guidance to the application of ISO 11929, summarizes shortly the general procedure and then presents a wide range of numerical examples. Information on the statistical roots of ISO 11929 and on its current development may be found elsewhere[30][31].
ISO 11929 also applies analogously to other measurements of any kind especially if a similar model of the evaluation is involved. Further practical examples can be found, for example, in ISO 18589[1], ISO 9696[2], ISO 9697[3], ISO 9698[4], ISO 10703[5], ISO 7503[6], ISO 28218[7] and ISO 11665[8].
NOTE            A code system, named UncertRadio, is available for calculations according to ISO 119291 to ISO 11929-3. UncertRadio[27][28] can be downloaded for free from https://www.thuenen.de/en/institutes/fisheries-ecology/fields-of-activity/marine-environment/coordination-centre-of-radioactivity/uncertradio. The download contains a setup installation file which copies all files and folders into a folder specified by the user. After installation one has to add information to the PATH of Windows as indicated by a pop‑up window during installation. English language can be chosen and extensive “help” information is available. Another tool is the package ‘metRology’[32] which is available for programming in R. It contains the two R functions ‘uncert’ and ‘uncertMC’ which perform the GUM conform uncertainty propagation, either analytically or by the Monte Carlo method, respectively. Covariances/correlations of input quantities are included. Applying these two functions within iterations for decision threshold and the detection limit calculations simplifies the programming effort significantly. It is also possible to imp

This document lays down a framework for a standardization project to establish and document best practice in the design and execution of smart and sustainable services made available by local government to citizens, both for residents and for visitors to a community. This document sets out the basic principles that are needed to be observed across the full range of services to be provided; it does not cover specific services.
The project covers services, whether these are directly delivered by authorities or whether their delivery is outsourced to arms-length public bodies or private enterprises.
The project does not cover specific technologies used in the delivery of electronic services.
The work takes due account of, and complement, the work of ISO/TC 176 concerning local authorities’ quality management systems, and of ISO/TC 312 concerning service excellence.