This document specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of non‑reclosable pressure-relief devices for cryogenic service, i.e. for operation with cryogenic fluids in addition to operation at temperatures from ambient to cryogenic. This document is restricted to bursting‑disc and buckling‑pin devices not exceeding a nominal diameter size (DN) of 200 that are designed to relieve single‑phase vapours or gases. A bursting‑disc or buckling‑pin assembly can be specified, constructed and tested such that it is suitable for use with more than one gas or with mixtures of gases. NOTE This document does not provide methods for determining the capacity of bursting‑disc or buckling‑pin devices for a particular cryogenic vessel. Such methods are provided in ISO 21013-3.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms for: — high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV); — percussive ventilation, including high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV); — jet ventilation, including high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV); — modes that combine high-frequency and physiological-rate ventilation. It is applicable: — in lung ventilator and breathing-therapy device standards, — in health informatics standards, — for labelling on medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems, — in medical electrical equipment and medical electrical system instructions for use and accompanying documents, — for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems interoperability, and — in electronic health records. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a ventilatorbreathing system or to a ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator or ventilator breathing system. NOTE This document can also be used for other applications relating to lung ventilation, including non-electrical devices and equipment, research, description of critical events, forensic analysis and adverse event (vigilance) reporting systems.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the reference software and conformance suite for the file format documents in multiple standards. Since these standards share a lot of technology, their reference software and conformance program are being handled together. These standards are: ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 14496-14, ISO/IEC 14496-15, ISO/IEC 14496-30 and ISO/IEC 23008-12. The purpose of the conformance suite is to cover the set of valid features that can be exercised in the file format. Media conformance is not covered, though of course to exercise the file format features, media will be stored.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method for the qualification and quantification of organotin compounds by applying gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This test method is applicable to all types of footwear materials except metal hardware (see ISO/TR 16178).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides best practices for using the ISO/IEC 19086-2 metric model, illustrated with examples.
- Technical report33 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes requirements on implementations that quantify how a face image’s properties conform with those of canonical face images, for example those specified in ISO/IEC 39794-5:2019, Clause D.1, for three use-cases: 1) collection of reference samples for ID documents; 2) sample system enrolment; and 3) probes for instantaneous response. This document also establishes terms and definitions for quantifying face image quality and specifies methods for quantifying the quality of face images. This document does not establish requirements on: — assessing the quality of pairs or sequences of images; NOTE This document establishes requirements for software that inspects exactly one image. This document does not establish requirements for software that compares two or more images (such as biometric recognition). However, the computations of this document can be applied separately to each image in a pair or sequence. — assessing the quality of 3D captures; — encodings of face image quality data; — performance evaluation of face image quality assessment algorithms. The use cases within scope of this document primarily address the assessment of images from data capture subjects who consent to processing of their biometric data, or for whom biometric capture is operationally authorized.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for dried ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in whole/pieces and ground forms. Annex A specifies a method for the determination of calcium. Recommendations for storage and transport conditions are given in Annex B.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a test procedure for the determination of resistance to repeated loading by – amongst others – applying out-of-phase load cycles which generate forces in two directions, representative of those caused by traffic on railway track, taking into account the effect of two consecutive axles of passing railway vehicles.
- Technical specification28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
REN/ESI-0019411-1v151
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to mechanical penetration of nonwoven fabrics by a ball of a given diameter. The method is primarily designed to be used on nonwovens with some degree of elasticity, for which a regular burst test does not apply.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft10 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
IEC 80000-13:2025 specifies names, symbols and definitions for quantities and units used in information science and technology. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given. Prefixes for binary multiples are also given. International Standard IEC 80000-13 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 25: Quantities and units in close cooperation with ISO/TC 12: Quantities and units.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
addition of new prefixes for binary multiples.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the principles used to determine loads and the induced environment during the service life of a space system and its components, taking account of the notions of probability, combined loads, corresponding safety factors and life cycle.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the basic requirements for the design and application of explosion suppression systems. This document also specifies test methods for evaluating the effectiveness and the scaling up of explosion suppression systems against defined explosions. This document covers:
- general requirements for explosion suppression system parts;
- evaluating the effectiveness of an explosion suppression system;
- evaluating the scale up of an explosion suppression system to larger than tested volumes;
- development and evaluation of design tools for explosion suppression systems;
- installation, operation and maintenance instructions for an explosion suppression system.
This document is applicable only to explosion suppression systems intended for the protection of closed, or essentially closed, enclosures in which an explosion could result as a consequence of ignition of an explosible mixture, e.g. dust-air, gas(vapour)-air, dust-gas(vapour)-air and mist-air.
This document is not applicable for explosions of materials listed below, or for mixtures containing some of those materials:
- unstable materials that are liable to dissociate;
- explosive materials;
- pyrotechnic materials;
- pyrophoric materials.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60079 specifies the construction and testing of intrinsically safe apparatus intended for use in an explosive atmosphere, and for associated apparatus which is intended for connection to intrinsically safe circuits which enter such atmospheres.
This Type of Protection is applicable to electrical equipment in which the electrical circuits themselves are incapable of causing ignition of a surrounding explosive atmosphere. This includes electrical equipment which contains circuits that are intrinsically safe only under certain conditions, for example under battery supply with mains supply removed.
This standard is also applicable to electrical equipment or parts of electrical equipment located outside the explosive atmosphere or protected by another Type of Protection listed in IEC 60079-0, where the intrinsic safety of the electrical circuits in the explosive atmosphere may depend upon the design and construction of such electrical equipment or parts of such electrical equipment. The electrical circuits exposed to the explosive atmosphere are assessed for use in such an atmosphere by applying this standard.
This standard applies to sensors connected to intrinsically safe circuits but does not apply to the protection of catalytic elements for Group IIC or Group IIB + H2.
The requirements for intrinsically safe systems are provided in IEC 60079-25.
This standard supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0, except as indicated in Table 1. Where a requirement of this standard conflicts with a requirement of IEC 60079-0, the requirement of this standard takes precedence.
Unless otherwise stated, the requirements in this standard are applicable to both intrinsically safe apparatus and associated apparatus, and the generic term "apparatus" is used throughout the standard.
As this standard applies only to electrical equipment, the term "equipment" used in the standard always means “electrical equipment”.
This standard applies to apparatus for use under the atmospheric conditions of IEC 60079-0 with additional requirements for for use at lower atmospheric pressures in the range from 60 kPa (0,6 bar), up to 110 kPa (1,1 bar).
[...]
- Standard222 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
NEXT ACTION: UNDER BT CONSULTATION SOON (finalization EN with revised Annex Z)
HAS CONSULTANT PUB ASSESSMENT BY 2020-09-24 -- non compliant assessment received
20200325: consultant assessment missing and Annex ZZ was not circulated at FV; document blocked until such a time as this can be resolved
- Amendment10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines terms commonly used in paper sacks manufacture. It refers to single- and multi-ply sacks made of paper or combination of paper and other materials where the paper is the main part. It does not refer to bags for retail trade.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Identical adoption of future IEC/IEEE 63184 into EN IEC/IEEE 63184
- Draft135 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard applies to Source Switching Equipment, hereafter referred to as SSE(s), for household and similar uses, primarily intended to be used for Energy Efficiency purposes with local production and/or storage of energy. This standard has been drafted following principles of: - IEC guides 118 and 119 for Energy Efficiency; - IEC guide 110 for safety. SSEs are intended to be installed in low voltage prosumer electrical installations (PEI) to deliver the electrical energy: - either to current-using equipment (direct feeding mode or island mode); - or to the grid (reverse feeding mode). SSEs are intended to select and/or combine two power sources (e.g. selected among grid, local power source, storage units) within an Electrical Energy Management system (EEMS). SSEs may also be used for backup supply. NOTE SSEs capable to select more than two sources are under consideration. SSEs are part of the fixed electrical installation. This standard applies to SSEs for operation in: - AC single or multiphase circuits with rated voltages not exceeding 440 V AC, frequencies of 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 50/60 Hz and rated currents not exceeding 125 A. They are intended to be used in installations with prospective short circuit current not exceeding 25 000 A, or - DC circuits. SSE for DC circuits are under consideration (next edition). SSEs may be operated: - manually (M-SSE), or - remotely (R-SSE), or - automatically (A-SSE), or - a combination of the above methods of operation, e.g. manual and remote. SSEs are constructed either as Combined-SSEs (C-SSEs, based on dedicated products suc as circuit breakers, switches or contactors) or Non-Combined SSEs (NC-SSEs). SSEs are intended for use in circuits where protection against electrical shock and over-current according to IEC 60364 is provided, unless the SSE already contains such protective function. SSEs are normally installed by instructed persons (IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-04-02) or skilled persons (IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-04-01). SSEs are normally used by ordinary persons (IEC 60005-195:1998, 195-04-03) and do not require maintenance. The requirements of this standard apply for standard environmental 420 conditions as given in clause 7. They are applicable to SSEs intended for use in an environment with pollution degree 2 and overvoltage categories III according to IEC 60664-1:2020. SSEs have at least a degree of protection IP 20 according to IEC 60529. Additional requirements may be necessary for devices used in locations having more severe environmental conditions. SSEs do not, by their nature, provide an isolation function nor the overcurrent protection. However, isolation and overcurrent protection functions as covered by relevant product standards may be provided by Combined SSEs. In some countries, it is not permitted to have synchronization of local sources with the grid for particular grid conditions, e.g. when fluctuations of the grid voltage or frequency are outside the tolerance limits. This document does not apply to transfer switching equipment (TSE) intended to be used by skilled persons, as covered by IEC 60947-6-1:2021.
- Draft155 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 80000-13:2025 specifies names, symbols and definitions for quantities and units used in information science and technology. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given. Prefixes for binary multiples are also given. International Standard IEC 80000-13 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 25: Quantities and units in close cooperation with ISO/TC 12: Quantities and units. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: addition of new prefixes for binary multiples.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62878-2-603:2025 specifies the electrical test method to detect electrical connectivity defects of the stacked electronic module caused by the stacking assembly process to stack some stackable electronic modules. This method is realized to make use of bidirectional serial communication bus interface applied to the stackable electronic modules which are assured as "known good module" (KGM).
- Draft12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61643-01: 2024 contains the common requirements for all SPDs. This document is applicable to devices for surge protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages, hereafter referred to as Surge Protective Devices (SPDs). SPDs are intended to be connected to circuits or equipment rated up to 1 000 V AC (RMS) or 1 500 V DC. Performance and safety requirements, tests and ratings are specified in this document. SPDs contain at least one nonlinear component and are intended to limit surge voltages and divert surge currents. This document, together with IEC 61643-11:— (second edition), cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61643-11 published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the first edition of IEC 61643-11: a) Clarification on test application either to a complete SPD, to a "mode of protection", or to a complete "SPD assembly"; b) Additional measurement of voltage protection level on "combined modes of protection" between live conductors and PE (see new Annex F); c) Additional duty test for T1 SPD and T2 SPD with follow current to check for increased follow current at lower impulse current amplitude (see 9.3.5.5); d) Modified and amended short circuit current test requirements to better cover up-to-date internal SPD disconnector technologies (see 9.3.6.3); e) Improved dielectric test requirements for the SPD’s main circuits and added dielectric test requirements for "electrically separated circuits" (see 9.3.7 and 9.3.8); f) Additional clearance requirements for "electrically separated circuits" (see 9.4.4); g) Additional information and details for SPDs for DC installations.
- Draft111 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM). This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume. There are two methods: - the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method; - the SCM-extraction method. This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document applies to conductor car that are used to access overhead line conductors, shield wires or shield wires with integrated communication systems to undertake work involving rectification of defects and/or installing components and fittings. This document covers also bicycle type access equipment where it is applicable.
- Draft26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 62885 is applicable for measurements of the performance of mains-operated and cordless wet hard floor cleaning appliances for household or similar use. In the case of appliances with combined functionality, this document only addresses the wet cleaning functionality. The purpose of this document is to specify essential performance characteristics of wet hard floor cleaning appliances that are of interest to users and to describe methods for measuring these characteristics. NOTE 1 Owing to the influence of environmental conditions, variations in time, origin of test materials and proficiency of the operator, most of the described test methods give more reliable results when applied to comparative testing of a number of appliances at the same time, in the same laboratory and by the same operator. NOTE 2 This document is not intended for cleaning appliances according to IEC 60335-2-79 and robotic wet hard floor cleaning appliances. For safety requirements, reference is made to IEC 60335-1, IEC 60335-2-2, IEC 60335-2-10, and IEC 60335-2-54. A recommendation on information for the consumer at the point of sale is given in Annex B.
- Draft53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
NEXT ACTION: CCMC ACTION to request HAS assessment @ PUB when HAS system is operational
2022-01-17: Under discussion with the desk officer. upon the greenlight of the desk officer, it can be published.
- Amendment10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
No scope available
- Amendment5 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an open and extensible standard for residential, commercial, and industrial control and automation applications using the EN 14908-1 control network protocol and related protocols (EN 14908-2 to EN 14908-9) to provision and manage IoT devices, to access and update data from the devices, and to aggregate data from diverse devices and protocols for delivery to external applications and services.
The web services as specified in this document are implemented on a central gateway or edge server that communicates with multiple sensor, actuator, and controller edge devices using one or more edge protocols such as EN 14908-1, and also interfaces with one or more enterprise and cloud services or applications.
- Standard442 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62391-2:2025 applies to electric double-layer capacitors for power application.
Electric double-layer capacitors for power are intended for applications that require discharge currents in the range from mA to A. The characteristics of the capacitors include such performance as relatively high capacitance and low internal resistance, which is applicable to Class 3 and Class 5 of the measurement classification specified in IEC 62391-1:2022.
The object of this document is to specify preferred ratings and characteristics and to select from IEC 62391-1:2022 the appropriate quality assessment procedures, tests and measuring methods and to give general performance requirements for this type of capacitor. Test severities and requirements specified in detail specifications referring to this document provide specific test severities and requirements of an equal or higher performance level.
The definition of power density and its calculating procedure can be found in Annex A.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the document has been completely restructured to comply with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2;
b) introduction of a new technical categorization for the test methods;
c) reorganization of the test methods have been according to these new categories;
d) revision of the tables, figures and references according to changes.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The objective of implementing the pan-European in-vehicle emergency call system (eCall) is to automate the notification of a traffic accident, wherever in Europe, with the same technical standards and the same quality of services objectives by using ‘Public Land Mobile Networks’(PLMN), which supports the European pre-assigned emergency destination address (see normative references) and to provide a means of manually triggering the notification of an incident.
This document specifies the general operating requirements and intrinsic procedures for in-vehicle emergency call (eCall) services in order to transfer an emergency message from a vehicle to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) in the event of a crash or emergency, via an eCall communication session and to establish a voice channel between the in-vehicle equipment and the PSAP.
Private third party in-vehicle emergency supporting services can also provide a similar eCall function by other means. The provision of such services are defined in EN 16102, and are outside the scope of this document.
The communications protocols and methods for the transmission of the MSD are not specified in this document.
This document specifies the operating requirements for an eCall service. An important part of the eCall service is a Minimum Set of Data (MSD). The operating requirements for the MSD are determined in this document, but the form and data content of the MSD is not defined herein. A common European MSD is determined in EN 15722.
This document does not specify whether eCall is provided using embedded equipment or other means (for example in the case of aftermarket equipment).
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to the heavy rail system.
This document defines the requirements for the provision, visibility, readability, maintenance and testing of a specific set of ERTMS trackside boards associated with the following DMI and ETCS track conditions:
— ETCS stop marker
— ETCS location marker
— level transition, corresponding to transitions between ETCS levels
— lower pantograph
— pantograph lowered
— raise pantograph
— neutral section announcement
— neutral section
— end of neutral section
— GSM-R network border marker
— no traction system fitted announcement
— no traction system fitted indication
— traction system AC 25 kV 50 Hz announcement
— traction system AC 25 kV 50 Hz indication
— traction system AC 15 kV 16,7 Hz announcement
— traction system AC 15 kV 16,7 Hz indication
— traction system DC 3 kV announcement
— traction system DC 3 kV indication
— traction system DC 1,5 kV announcement
— traction system DC 1,5 kV indication
— traction system DC 600/750 V announcement
— traction system DC 600/750 V indication
— activate the audible warning device (horn) indication
— safe stopping area announcement
— safe stopping area indication for start
— safe stopping area indication for end
— inhibition of brake announcement/indication for start/indication for revocation
— level crossing marker
NOTE 1 the brake MBs apply for any of the three brake types (eddy current, magnetic shoe, regenerative), whereas the exact type concerned would be known by the driver via existing Route knowledge.
The following ETCS track conditions are outside the scope of this Standard:
— Safe stopping area semi-continuous indication for in-between
— Non-stopping area announcement
— Non-stopping area announcement
— Non stopping area indication for start
— Non stopping area indication for end
— Non stopping area semi-continuous indication for in-between
— Close air conditioning intake announcement
— Close air conditioning intake indication
— Open air conditioning intake announcement
— Open air conditioning intake indication
This document includes the arrangement of the boards and their interface with existing systems (track, cab design including cab sight lines, visibility by the driver and train head lamps).
Mobile, backlit and temporary signs are not within the scope of this document.
The application of ERTMS trackside boards is not within the scope of this document.
Sighting requirements are not within the scope of this document. The sighting process needs to be implemented in accordance with national rules.
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides requirements and guidelines for comparing the life cycles of bio-based products with their fossil-based equivalents.
NOTE The term "equivalents" generally refers to the "functional equivalence".
This document builds on existing LCA methodology and provides requirements and guidance on specific topics relevant for making well-balanced comparisons.
- Draft55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for spray pattern sprinklers with a k-factor of at least K160, extended coverage (EC) sprinklers of at least K80, extended coverage storage sprinklers of at least K200 and control mode special application (CMSA) sprinklers. This document only covers sprinkler types up to K360.
This document does not apply to concealed, conventional, flat spray, flush and recessed sprinklers.
- Draft52 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the sampling of NO2 in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colourimetry or ion chromatography (IC). It can be used for the NO2 measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 µg/m3 to 130 µg/m3 [12]. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks [14], with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2.
Several sorbents can be used for trapping NO2 in ambient air using a diffusive sampler [15]. This document specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent.
This document describes the application of a tube-type sampler (with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube), a badge-type sampler and a radial-type sampler.
The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2 measurements performed using these tube-type diffusive samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty [9].
NOTE NO2 passive samplers are also employed to measure NOx with the addition of an oxidant to convert ambient NO into NO2. A second NO2 sampler is also deployed without the oxidant and the concentration of NO is determined from the difference of the two samplers [16].
- Draft57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for durability and strength of hardware for vertical and horizontal pivot windows and door height windows (including pivot hinges and central locking systems).
If the hardware manufacturer would like to classify an integrated restrictor function, the pivot hinges can be tested in accordance with EN 13126-5.
This document does not apply to manoeuvring devices which are covered in EN 13126-2, EN 13126-3, and EN 13126-14.
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and describes the test methods for check valves for water mist firefighting systems.
Check valves allow the passage in the direction of flow and they prevent flow in the reverse direction.
This document is applicable to check valves installed in the pipework of water mist firefighting systems.
- Draft9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidelines for the characterization of waterlogged archaeological wood to support decision-making processes for its preservation.
This document can be applied for the management of wood discovered in waterlogged environments, including terrestrial and aquatic (marine and freshwater) sites, as a basis for designing conservation strategies (e.g. reburial, in situ preservation, post-excavation storage). In the case of composite artefacts made of wood and other materials, this document is applicable only for the wooden components. Methods for conservation, site protection and monitoring for reburial as well as in situ preservation are beyond the scope of this document.
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document covers hinged/pivoted and sliding doorsets with engaging fasteners (e.g. latches, deadbolts) for pedestrian use. It defines the test methods to determine the forces to open/close doors and to engage/release and lock/unlock the building hardware using a key or handle. It is only applicable to the manual operation of doorsets.
These doorsets can include:
— emergency or panic exit devices;
— door closing devices.
NOTE The use of some windows involves engaging fasteners (e.g. latches, deadbolts) and can be tested in accordance with this document. Throughout the text where “door leaf”/”door leaves” is written this can also be read as “casements”/”sashes”.
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The proposed Part 13 will specify a DATEX II platform-independent model for expression of intelligent transport system device status and fault data. It will follow the EN 16157-1 methodology and reuse common concepts from EN 16157-2 and EN 16157-7.
It will define a UML model with a corresponding data dictionary and XML Schema.
The model will define a device publication which identifies static data, a device status publication, and a device faults publication.
Devices in scope are any that participate in intelligent transport systems.
This specification may be used in system-to-system exchanges about device status and faults, for example a traffic management system that performs operational control of devices may provide information about the status and faults of those devices to a separate technology status and fault management system.
- Draft66 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63461:2024 applies to laboratory model tests of any type of Pelton hydraulic turbine with unit power greater than 5 MW. It contains the rules governing test conduct and provides measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this document are:
- to define the terms and quantities used;
- to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
- to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
- to determine if the contract guarantees that fall within the scope of this document have been fulfilled;
- and to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
Full application of the procedures herein described is not generally justified for machines with smaller power. Nevertheless, this document can be used for such machines by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
- Standard1 pageEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 is a generic assessment of the feasibility of standardizing accelerated test procedures (both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and oxide ion-conducting solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies) for fuel cell stacks that have been engineered for a specific system application. This document comprises a review of literature and projects, a discussion of the main physical phenomena of interest in accelerated testing campaigns (focusing on the cell and stack levels, not looking at the system as a black box), a compendium of measurement techniques that are applicable, and it suggests a macroscopic approach to the formulation of a representative accelerated testing campaign.
- Technical report29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 63515:2025 provides a conceptual framework for power system resilience. It covers the definition, evaluation metrics and methods, improvement strategies and uses cases of power system resilience. This document is applicable to developing resilient power system and implementing resilience improvement strategies.
This document is not exhaustive, and it is possible to consider other aspects, such as different application scenarios, evaluation methods, and improvement measures.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 61850-90-30:2025, which is a Technical Report, describes extensions of the SCL Substation/Process Section allowing the creation of a comprehensive, IED and hardware independent specification of an IEC 61850 based power system.
It addresses how to:
• decompose functions in SCL
• show function classifications in SCL
• relate functions with the SCL Substation and Process Section
• relate functions to Logical Nodes and IEDs/Specification IEDs
• present information flow between functions in a hardware/implementation independent way
• position Functions in relation to "Application Schemes", "Distributed Functions", "Protection Schemes"
• consider the relationship to Basic Application Profiles (BAP) defined in IEC TR 61850-7-6
The document addresses the engineering process as far as it is related to the specification of Functions and their instantiation in IEC 61850 based power system. This includes the impact on the SCL Process Section during system configuration.
The engineering process related to the definition of Applications and their instantiation is addressed in the Basic Application Profile Document (BAP) in IEC TR 61850-7-6.
The System Configuration process is described in IEC 61850-6.
Modifications and extensions of SCL are done in a way to guarantee backwards compatibility.
In addition, this document introduces:
• Some further elements to SCL that improve the content and usefulness of SSD files and facilitate the handling of SCL files for engineering purposes,
• New variants of IED specific files: ISD file and FSD files,
• Evolution of the engineering rights management, to first improve the usage of SED and add a new concept of System Configuration Collaboration (SCC file) which allows collaboration on the same project with different engineers.
- Technical report184 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62271-315:2025 is applicable to direct current (DC) transfer switches designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above. DC transfer switches normally include metallic return transfer switches (MRTS), earth return transfer switches (ERTS), neutral bus switches (NBS) and neutral bus earthing switches (NBES).
- Technical specification74 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC PAS 62443-2-2: 2025 provides guidance on the development, validation, operation, and maintenance of a set of technical, physical, and process security measures called Security Protection Scheme (SPS). The document’s goal is to provide the asset owner implementing an IACS Security Program (SP) with mechanisms and procedures to ensure that the design, implementation and operation of an SPS manage the risks resulting from cyberthreats to each of the IACS included in its operating facility.
The document is based on contents specified in other documents of the IEC 62443 series and explains how these contents can be used to support the development of technical, physical, and process security measures addressing the risks to the IACS during the operation phase.
- Technical specification44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60050-831:2025 gives the terms and definitions used in smart cities and smart city systems, as well as general terms pertaining to specific applications and associated technologies. This terminology is consistent with the terminology developed in the other specialized parts of the IEV. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
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IEC 62282-7-2:2025 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and stacks. This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement. This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
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ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 describes a framework for the use of IoT technology for management of tangible cultural heritage assets, which includes the associated functional entities and information flows.
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IEC 61000-4-2: 2025 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges from operators directly and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally specifies ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental, and installation conditions and establishes test procedures. The objective of this document is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which can occur from personnel to objects near the equipment. This document specifies:
- ideal waveform of the discharge current;
- range of test levels;
- test equipment;
- test setup;
- test procedure;
- calibration procedure;
- measurement uncertainty.
This document gives specifications for tests performed in laboratories and guidance to post-installation tests. This document is not intended to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. The main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment. This document excludes tests intended to evaluate the ESD sensitivity of devices during handling and packaging. It is not intended for use in characterizing the performance of ESD protection circuit IEC Guide 107.
This document forms Part 4-2 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added a calibration requirement for ESD generators with air discharge tip;
b) added a normative annex for test setups for particular kind of equipment (see Annex I);
c) added an informative annex for wearable devices (see Annex J);
d) added an informative annex on how to select test points and give guidance on how to specify the number of pulses for direct contact discharges (see Annex E);
e) moved Clause 9 into a new informative annex (see Annex K);
f) improvement of the current calibration procedure;
g) improvement of the measurement uncertainty considerations with examples of uncertainty budgets;
h) because post-installation tests cannot be performed in a controlled environment, this test method has been moved into a new informative Annex G.
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REN/MSG-TFES-15-3
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the creep rate provides information on the behavior of sandwich constructions under constant applied force. Creep is defined as deflection under constant force over a period of time beyond the initial deformation as a result of the application of the force. Deflection data obtained from this test method can be plotted against time, and a creep rate determined. By using standard specimen constructions and constant loading, the test method may also be used to evaluate creep behavior of sandwich panel core-to-facing adhesives.
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining flexure creep of sandwich constructions for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
5.3 Factors that influence the sandwich construction creep response and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, core thickness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Further, facing and core-to-facing strength and creep response may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70
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