Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document defines terms used in certain fields of water quality characterization.

IEC 60730-2-15:2026 applies to automatic electrical air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls
- for use in, on, or in association with boilers with a maximum pressure rating of 2 000 kPA (20 bar) and equipment for general household and similar use including controls for heating, air-conditioning and similar applications;
NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment" and "controls" means "automatic electrical air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls".
EXAMPLE 1 Water flow and water level sensing controls of the float or electrode-sensor type used in boiler applications and air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls for swimming pool pumps, water tank pumps, cooling towers, dishwashers, washing machines, air conditioning chillers and ventilation applications.
- for building automation within the scope of ISO 16484 series and IEC 63044 series (HBES/BACS);
EXAMPLE 2 Independently mounted air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls in smart grid systems and controls for building automation systems within the scope of ISO 16484-2.
- for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
EXAMPLE 3 Controls for commercial boilers, heating and air-conditioning equipment.
- that are smart enabled controls;
EXAMPLE 4 Smart grid control, remote interfaces/control of energy-consuming equipment including computer or smart phone.
- that are AC or DC powered controls with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC;
- used in, on, or in association with equipment that use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof;
- utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs;
- using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J;
- that are mechanically or electrically operated, responsive to or controlling air flow, water flow and water level;
- as well as manual controls when such are electrically and/or mechanically integral with automatic controls.
NOTE 2 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1.
This document applies to
- the inherent safety of automatic electrical air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls, and
- functional safety of automatic air flow, water flow and water level sensing electrical controls and safety related systems,
- controls where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system,
- the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety.
This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of automatic electrical air flow, water flow and water level sensing controls used in, on, or in association with an equipment.
This document takes into account the response value of an automatic action of a control where such a response value is dependent upon the method of mounting the control. Where a response value is of significant purpose for the protection of the user, or surroundings, the value defined in the appropriate h

This document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of aluminium and aluminium alloys in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445:2026 Parts 1 to 5. This document specifies unfired pressure vessels for loads up to 500 full cycles.
NOTE    Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this document.

This document specifies methods for measuring the parameters needed to calculate arc energies for arc welding processes.

The present document defines the stage 3 specifications of the Supplementary Service Dynamic Group Number Assignment (SS-DGNA) for the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). The SS-DGNA enables a user to dynamically define group identities and group related parameters to the TETRA system and to the subscribers in the system. These definitions are used to enable group call invocations to dynamically defined groups. The SS-DGNA specification defines the creation, modification, deletion and interrogation of group definitions in the Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI), in the Mobile Station (MS). The present document does not include the specification for access priority used for random access in uplink and call priority used by SwMI for resource allocation in a group call. Access priority and call priority can be specified and applied for groups using Supplementary Services Access Priority (SS-AP), Priority Call (SS-PC) and Pre-emptive Priority Call (SS-PPC). Thus, the definition procedure of these priorities is outside the scope of the present document. Man Machine Interface (MMI) and charging principles are also outside the scope of the present document. Supplementary service stage 3 specification is preceded by the stage 1 and the stage 2 specifications of the service. Stage 1 describes the functional capabilities from the user's point of view. Stage 2 defines the functional behaviour in terms of functional entities and information flows. Stage 3 gives the precise description of the supplementary service from the implementation point of view. It defines the protocols for the service and the encoding rules for the information flows. It defines the processes for the functional entities and their behaviour. The described protocols and their behaviour apply for the SwMI and for the MS and can be applied over the Inter-System Interface (ISI) between TETRA systems.

The present document defines the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) system supporting Voice plus Data (V+D). It specifies:
• the interworking of individual calls between TETRA networks;
• the supplementary services interaction with individual calls between TETRA networks.
The TETRA V+D interworking - basic operation part defines the interworking between TETRA networks over the corresponding interface: the Inter-System Interface (ISI). It comprises the following sub-parts:
• Transport layer independent General design [2];
• General Design, PSS1 over E.1 [i.10];
• General Design, SIP/IP [i.11];
• Transport layer independent Additional Network Feature - ISI Individual Call (ANF-ISIIC) (the present document);
• Transport layer independent Additional Network Feature - ISI Group Call (ANF-ISIGC) [5];
• Transport layer independent Additional Network Feature - ISI Short Data service (ANF-ISISDS) [i.8];
• Transport layer independent Additional Network Feature - ISI Mobility Management (ANF-ISIMM) [6];
• Generic Speech Format Implementation [i.7].
The present document is the ANF-ISIIC sub-part. Like all other Additional Network Feature (ANF) specifications, those of ANF-ISIIC are produced in three stages, according to the method described in Recommendation ITU-T I.130 [i.4]. The present document contains the stage 1 and 2 descriptions of ANF-ISIIC, and stage 3 description. The stage 1 description specifies the ANF as seen by its users, which are essentially the individual call control entities in both TETRA networks. The stage 2 description identifies the functional entities involved in the ANF and the information flows between them. And the stage 3 description of ANF-ISIIC specifies its protocol. NOTE 1: According to Recommendation ITU-T I.130 [i.4], the stage 3 description of a bearer or tele-service addresses the network implementation aspects. Consequently, it comprises two steps: the specifications of all protocols at the various reference points involved in any of the service procedures (notably the service operation) are the first step of the stage 3 description, and the specifications of the functions of the corresponding network entities are its second step. NOTE 2: The SDL diagrams have not been provided since they can be derived from the specification of the functional entity actions in the stage 2 description. The present document applies to TETRA networks which support inter-TETRA individual calls. More specifically, it applies to their Circuit Mode Control Entities (CMCE), as defined in clause 14.2 of ETSI EN 300 392-2 [1], and to their ANF-ISIIC entities defined in the stage 2 description. The relation between the ANF-ISIIC and the transport layer protocol is described in the General Design documents [2], [i.10] and [i.11].

This part of IEC 62321 describes the screening analysis of substances, specifically lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), total chromium (Cr), total bromine (Br), total phosphorus (P), assuming the source of P is related to TCEP (CAS 115-96-8), Trixylyl‑phosphate (CAS 25155-23-1), total chlorine (Cl), assuming the source of Cl is related to SCCP (CAS 85535-84-8), TCEP (CAS 115-96-8) , TBTC (CAS 1461-22-9), total tin (Sn), assuming the source of Sn is related to restricted organo‑tin compounds, total antimony (Sb), assuming the source of Sb is related to Pyrochlore, and antimony lead yellow (CAS 8012-00-8) in uniform materials found in electrotechnical products, using the analytical technique of X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.
The same methodology can also be used for screening of substances discussed as critical raw materials in various countries (for example currently discussed in the EU: antimony (Sb), baryte, bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), fluorspar, gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), magnesium (Mg), niobium (Nb), phosphorus (P), scandium (Sc), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), platinum group metals, heavy rare earth elements, light rare earth elements).
NOTE From EU information on critical raw materials [1]1 raw materials are crucial to Europe's economy. They form a strong industrial base, producing a broad range of goods and applications used in everyday life and modern technologies. Reliable and unhindered access to certain raw materials is a growing concern within the EU and across the globe. To address this challenge, the European Commission has created a list of critical raw materials (CRMs) for the EU, which is subject to a regular review and update. CRMs combine raw materials of high importance to the EU economy and of high risk associated with their supply.
The method is applicable to plastics, metals and ceramic materials. The test method can be applied to raw materials, individual materials taken from products and "homogenized" mixtures of more than one material. Screening of a sample is performed using any type of XRF spectrometer, provided it has the performance characteristics specified in this test method. Not all types of XRF spectrometers are suitable for all sizes and shapes of sample. The appropriate spectrometer design will be selected with care for the task concerned.
The performance of this test method has been tested for the following substances in various media and within the concentration ranges as specified in Table 1 to Table 5. During an IIS (international interlaboratory study) the feasibility of the test method to use for the added elements was tested. The results are listed in Table 6 to Table 10.
These substances in similar media outside of the specified concentration ranges can be analysed according to this test method; however, the performance has not been established for this document.
WARNING – Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
This document is a basic environment horizontal publication focusing on test methods and is primarily intended for use by committees in the preparation of publications within the area of environment in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 123. Wherever applicable, it is the responsibility of committees to make use of environment basic publications in the preparation of their environment group and product publications. Committees can apply this document directly to products when they do not develop a product publication in the area of environment.

This document defines basic terms, symbols and units of measurement for the field of laser technology in order to unify the terminology, and to arrive at clear definitions and reproducible tests of beam parameters and laser-oriented product properties.
NOTE            The laser hierarchical vocabulary laid down in this document differs from that given in IEC 60825–1. ISO and IEC have discussed this difference and agree that it reflects the different purposes for which the two standards serve. For more details, see informative Annex A.

IEC 60730-2-5:2026 applies to automatic electrical burner control systems for the automatic control of burners for oil, gas, coal or other combustibles intended to be used
- for household and similar use;
- in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
NOTE 1 Throughout this document, where it can be used unambiguously, the word "system" means "burner control system" and "systems" means "burner control systems".
- for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
NOTE 2 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment."
EXAMPLE 1 Controls for commercial catering, heating and air-conditioning equipment.
- that are smart enabled controls;
EXAMPLE 2 Remote interfaces/control of burner operations.
- that are AC or DC powered controls with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC;
- used in, on, or in association with equipment that use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof;
- utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs;
- using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J;
- that are mechanically or electrically operated, responsive to or controlling such characteristics as temperature, pressure, passage of time, humidity, light, electrostatic effects, flow, or liquid level, current, voltage, acceleration, or combinations thereof;
- as well as manual controls when such are electrically and/or mechanically integral with automatic controls.
NOTE 3 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1.
This document is applicable
- to a complete burner control system;
- to a separate programming unit;
- to a separate electronic high-voltage ignition source;
- to a separate flame detector, and
- to a separate high-temperature operation (HTO) detector.
- to a burner control system intended to be used in warm air heating appliances (furnaces) where the appliance is equipped with an electromechanical differential pressure control to monitor the difference of the combustion air pressure (Type 2.AL). This pressure control provides a switch as an alternative to one of the two switching elements to directly de-energize the safety relevant terminals.
This document does not apply to thermoelectric flame supervision controls; thermoelectric flame supervision controls are covered by ISO 23551-6:2021.
This document also applies to electrical burner control systems intended exclusively for industrial process applications e.g. those applications covered by ISO TC 244 (ISO 13577 series).
This document applies to controls powered by primary or secondary batteries, requirements for which are contained within the standard.
This document applies to
- the inherent safety of automatic electrical burner control systems, and
- functional safety of automatic electrical burner control systems,
- automatic electrical burner control systems where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and perfo

This document specifies requirements for reference measurement procedures (RMP) for measurands used in laboratory medicine.
This document applies to:
RMPs providing values of differential or rational quantities where each quantity value is a numerical value multiplied by a measurement unit. Annex A provides information on ordinal quantities and nominal properties;
any person, body or institution developing RMPs for measurands used in laboratory medicine.

IEC 60309-2:2021 applies to plugs, fixed or portable socket-outlets, and appliance inlets, hereinafter referred to as accessories, with a rated operating voltage not exceeding 1 000 V DC or 1 000 V AC with a frequency not exceeding 500 Hz and a rated current not exceeding 125 A, primarily intended for industrial use, either indoors or outdoors.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1999, Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
addition of requirements and test for non-solid pins;
additional rating IPX9;
additional marking to indicate neutral terminal and/or earthing terminal.
This document is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60309-1:2021.

IEC 60947-5-3:2026 provides additional requirements to those given in IEC 60947-5-2 and IEC 60947-5-1:2024, Annex D (reed contact magnetic switches). It addresses the fault performance aspects of proximity devices with a defined behaviour under fault conditions (PDDB). It does not address any other characteristics that can be required for specific applications.
This document does not apply to protective equipment to directly detect the presence of persons, that are covered by the IEC 61496 series or IEC TS 62998 series.
NOTE 1 A PDDB device can be used to detect indirectly the presence of a person, for example by detecting the position of a platform on which the operator stands (example, garbage trucks).
This document does not specify requirements for the analogue output of PDDB, if any.
This document does not deal with any specific requirements on acoustic noise as the noise emission of proximity devices is not considered to be a relevant hazard.
A PDDB product is intended to be used as sensing subsystem of a safety related control system according to IEC 62061 or ISO 13849-1. Depending on construction principles and complexity, this document is based on product development of the IEC 61508 series to meet the product specific requirements of one or more of the following:
– IEC 61508 series;
– IEC 62061;
– ISO 13849 series.
NOTE 2 The Functional safety device type classification regarding functional safety correlates with IEC 62683-2-3.
This document includes requirements for PDDB when designed for use as part of an interlocking device according to ISO 14119.
This document does not consider aspects of:
– software updates and self-evolving behaviour;
– explosive atmospheres.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This third edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Update of the scope, refined fault performance aspects and relation to standards of functional safety.
b) The ‘safe state’ is generally determined as ‘OFF-state’ (see 3.1.8).
c) Update of EMC requirements in 8.2.6 with references to IEC 60947-5-2:2019 for acceptance criteria A, B and C and requirements of Table 17 for acceptance criterion DS.
d) Interface types for binary interfaces are introduced (see 4.6.2 and Annex B).
e) Functional safety device types according to ISO 13849-1:2023 Annex O (see 4.9).
f) Interlocking device type and coding level according to ISO 14119 are adapted (see 4.10 and 4.11).
g) The operating modes target present (4.12.2) and target absent (4.12.3) are introduced.
h) The ‘switching distance’ replaces the terms ‘release’ and ‘operating’. The behaviour of the PDDB is described according to the operating mode (4.12).
i) The context and verification of the switching distances are considered according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM) and IEC TR 63649 (see 8.2.1.3 and 9.4.2).
j) Requirements for electrical equipment class III are refined.
k) The risk time is replaced with the safety response time (3.1.11).
l) Annex A gives a new example of safety related control system.
m) The test sequences (see 9.3.1) are updated for the specific behaviour of a PDDB.

IEC TS 61641:2026 identifies methods used to verify the ability of the assembly:
– to limit the risk of injury to personnel during an internal arc-fault;
– to limit the damage to an acceptable level as a result of an internal arc-fault;
– to improve the power availability following an internal arc-fault.
This document takes into consideration:
– the effects of the internal overpressure acting on covers, doors, etc.;
– the thermal effects of the internal arc-fault or its roots on the enclosures and of ejected hot gases and glowing particles.
– the correct function of the IAMS within the assembly;
– the prevention of unintended operation of the IAMS within the assembly, for example caused by switching arcs;
– the functioning behaviour of the IAMS immediately after the assembly is energized.
This document describes different methods to assess the performance of an assembly or zones of an assembly in respect of arcing in air due to an internal failure:
– with "passive" arc-fault protection (provided by mechanical construction, e.g. suitable door locks, hinges, pressure relief devices, barriers);
NOTE 1 This approach corresponds to the method according to IEC TR 61641:2014.
– with "active" arc-fault protection (with the integration of IAMS);
NOTE 2 This approach corresponds to the method according to IEC TS 63107:2020.
– with the use of an arc ignition protected zone (to make the ignition of an arc-fault an extremely remote possibility).
NOTE 3 This approach corresponds to the method according to IEC TR 61641:2014.
IAMS consist of internal arc-fault control devices (IACD), e.g. optical-based IACD's in accordance with IEC 60947-9-2 and internal arc-fault reduction devices (IARD), e.g. arc quenching devices (AQDs) in accordance with IEC 60947-9-1 and short-circuit protection devices SCPD's in accordance with IEC 60947-2 (see Figure EE.1). IAMS can be provided by a combined-type device according to IEC 60947-9-2.
IEC 60364-4-42:2024 (Clause 427) provides guidance on the need for internal arc-fault protection.
This document does not supersede any individual product standard. Individual devices are required to comply with their relevant standard.
This document does not apply to integration of arc fault detection devices (AFDD) according to IEC 62606.
Informative Annex AA gives guidance for the user (see IEC 61439-1:2020, 3.11) on internal arc-fault mitigation.
Informative Annex BB gives guidance for the user (see IEC 61439-1:2020, 3.11) of assemblies with "active" arc-fault protection (with the integration of IAMS).
Informative Annex CC gives guidance for the original manufacturer of an assembly when incorporating an integrated IAMS.
This document does not consider other effects which can constitute a risk, such as emission of toxic gases, loud noises and/or intense light. Furthermore, this document does not consider conditions during maintenance work and the personal protective equipment used.
This edition cancels and replaces IEC TR 61641:2014 and IEC TS 63107:2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Introduction of the term "arcing class zone", using the term "arcing classes" from the previous document IEC TR 61641:2014.
b) Structured using of the terms "zone" and "area". "Area" is used to describe the place of installation and the accessibility of the assembly (macro-environment). "Zone" is used in this document to describe a defined space within the assembly (micro-environment).
c) Assembly protection is classified into two levels.

IEC TS 63614-2:2026 describes the classifications and challenging technical issues to consider for standardization of multimedia systems and equipment for metaverse in the perspectives of content, platform, network, and device.

IEC 61076-2-117:2026 This part covers shielded and unshielded, free and fixed circular connectors without breaking capacity (COC) for power, signal and data transmission, and specifies the common dimensions, mechanical, electrical and transmission characteristics and environmental requirements as well as test specifications, respectively.

IEC 61076-8-110:2026 This part describes free and fixed rectangular connectors, hereinafter referred to as “connector”, with:
2P power plus 2P signal contacts;
- plastic housing with locking lever and four possible codings;
- 300 A rated current, 1 000 V DC rated voltage on the power section;
- 5 A rated current, 50 V DC rated voltage on the signal section;
- individual shielding around each power contact with relevant shielding termination;
- IP65/IP68 degree of protection when mated and locked and IPXXB on both plug and receptacle parts when unmated

This document describes a classification of metallic blast-cleaning abrasives for the preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. It specifies the characteristics which are required for the complete designation of such abrasives. This document applies to abrasives supplied in the "new" or unused condition only. It does not apply to abrasives either during or after use. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for the preparation of steelwork, the properties specified are generally appropriate when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2 [7].

This document describes the concept and general principles of EDA for categorical and numerical data. It also provides some guidelines for conducting EDA and its place within Six Sigma projects. This document focuses on the graphical tools of EDA. It is applicable to organizations using manufacturing processes as well as service and transactional processes.

This document specifies sampling and test methods for the determination of the general characteristics of organic chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants (including wax) and vulcanizing agents (excluding peroxides).

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric water-bed heaters and their associated control units, for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric water-bed heaters and their associated control units, for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.

IEC 60794-10: 2026 Amendment 1

IEC 60974-10:2020 is applicable to equipment for arc welding and allied processes, including power sources and ancillary equipment, for example wire feeders, liquid cooling systems, arc striking and stabilizing devices and chargers for battery powered equipment. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2014 and its Amendment 1:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- updated normative references;
- requirements for battery powered equipment;
- requirements for equipment combined with radio transmitters/receivers.

IEC 60851-5:2026 specifies the following tests:
Test 5: Electrical resistance;
Test 13: Breakdown voltage;
Test 14: Continuity of insulation;
Test 19: Dielectric dissipation factor;
Test 23: Pin hole.
For definitions and general notes on methods of test, Clause 3 of IEC 60851-1:2021 applies. This IEC 60851-5:2026 also specifies methods for determining the dissipation factor of enamelled winding wire, provided in Annex A. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2008, Amendment 1:2011 and Amendment 2:2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Subclauses 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 modified to expand the conductor size range for the loads applied during cylinder method testing for dielectric breakdown voltage of enameled wires and for fully insulated wires.
b) Addition of subclause 6.5 for inline continuity testing of rectangular wire (under consideration).

This document provides test methodologies for assessing the compatibility of wet wipes and moist toilet tissue with the wastewater collection and treatment systems, and it specifies appropriate labelling for products deemed incompatible. The products that this document is applicable for are wet wipes and moist toilet tissue. This document does not cover: toilet paper as defined and covered by other ISO documents; chemical toilets or compost toilets that are not connected to sewer systems; macerator and vacuum sewer systems; water soluble polymers.

This document specifies the determination of height-resolved profiles of atmospheric backscattering by means of active optical sounding. The measurements allow the following properties of the atmosphere up to several kilometres above ground to be derived: cloud bases; upper boundaries of optically thin clouds; upper and lower boundaries and internal structures of particle layers: height of structures, e.g. inversions, boundary layer height, mixing layer height (under suitable conditions); attenuated backscatter of the particles; particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (requires further assumptions). The document also addresses the depolarisation lidar and the use of multi-wavelength systems. This allows further parameters to be determined: particle size classification (Ångström exponent, colour ratio); shape classification (linear depolarisation degree). The following fields of application are particularly important: air quality monitoring (vertical structure of the boundary layer); aviation safety (cloud base and visual range) (see ISO 28902-1[8]); particle content and transport (e.g. volcanic dust); weather forecasting and climate modelling (e.g. atmospheric boundary layer, cloud base, cloud microphysics); satellite remote sensing (validation). Examples that illustrate these applications are discussed in Annex A. The benefits of scanning systems for parameters mentioned above are also discussed in Clause A.7. In addition, particle backscatter lidars that measure at least two carefully selected wavelengths can be used to determine atmospheric gas concentrations. This is known as the differential absorption lidar “DIAL” technique. This technique is not part of this document and has been described in VDI 4210-1[12]. This document does not specify extended lidar techniques that monitor the following parameters quantitatively: inelastic scattering effects such as, Raman scattering, Doppler broadening, Doppler shift, multiple scattering, modulation techniques, and spectral separation of molecular and particle backscattering [high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL)]. Some of these extended techniques are or will be described in other parts of the ISO 28902 series. This document does not address special features of airborne or satellite-borne systems.

This document specifies three methods for quantitative measurement of crystalline silica (CS) major polymorphs (quartz and cristobalite) mass percentage content in bulk samples using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). This document also provides general information about the capabilities and limitations of relevance to laboratories working for routine testing. Only X-ray diffractometers with Bragg-Brentano geometry are considered. XRPD techniques are used to characterize specimens in the form of loose powders, where the median grain size is between 1 μm and 10 μm physical diameter. Block specimens are not considered. Although a number of methods of analysis are considered in this document, other XRPD methods of analysis can be considered if they are demonstrated to give equivalent results.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for seamless and welded butt-welding fittings (elbows, concentric and eccentric reducers, equal and reducing tees, caps) made of wrought carbon steel without specific inspection requirements.
It specifies:
a)   steel grade and its chemical compositions;
b)   mechanical properties;
c)   dimensions and tolerances;
d)   requirements for inspection and testing;
e)   inspection documents;
f)   marking;
g)   protection and packaging.

This document describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.

This document specifies a method of tensile testing of metallic materials at temperatures higher than room temperature.

This document gives guidance on the implementation of a statistical process control (SPC) system and an overview of tools and techniques to assist an organisation in planning, implementing and evaluating an effective statistical process control (SPC) system. This document specifies SPC system guidelines for use when a supplier's capability to reduce variation in processes associated with design or production needs to be proven or improved, or when a supplier is beginning SPC implementation to achieve such capability. This document considers the complete industrial supply chain. It describes some essential statistical methods that can be used to continuously improve capability or performance and stability of production processes. The bottom line is that production processes are controlled economically, promptly and effectively. As a result, a predefined level of quality can be realised. The improvement of stability and performance or capability of the production processes effectively reduces waste and machine downtime or increases productivity. If defective production parts are found in a random sample, they can be sorted out and, if necessary, further measures can be initiated.

This document defines the structure, governance and management of the ISO Geodetic Register, in accordance with ISO 19135. This document also identifies the data elements applicable to geodetic referencing by coordinates, in accordance with ISO 19111.

This document defines the requirements for a system of concepts for different aspects of the provision of care encompassing social care as well as clinical care. The focus of this document is continuity of care.
This document defines requirements for a system of concept definitions needed to describe health and care businesses. Concept systems conforming to this document can be used to support the development of:
logical reference models within the information viewpoint as a common basis for semantic interoperability on international, national or local levels;
information systems;
information for specified types of care processes.
This document does not specify how to perform specific care processes. This document does not cover research processes in the context of social and clinical care, welfare and educational processes.

This document lists gas cylinders valve outlets in use. This document provides details of thread types and sizes. NOTE Complete descriptions of particular valve outlets are given in national standards.

This document applies to industrial metallic valves for hydrogen use. It contains recommendations and additional requirements applicable to material selection, design, manufacture, and final assessment.
This document addresses the following four services/damage mechanisms, which might exist in combinations:
—   low temperature applications;
—   hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE) or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC);
—   high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA);
—   hydrogen service with cyclic loads (fatigue).
This document considers the difference between gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), where necessary.
The additional provisions set out in this document do not cover corrosion such as electro-chemical corrosion of metals under participation of hydrogen (e.g. sour gas).
This document is based on the requirements contained in the standards specified below:
—   applications with a maximum allowable pressure PS greater than 0,5 bar in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, the applicable provisions of EN 16668 apply;
—   additional requirements for valves in chemical and petrochemical applications are specified in EN 12569;
—   additional requirements for valves in gas distribution systems are specified in EN 13774;
—   additional requirements for valves in gas transportation systems are specified in EN 14141.

This document specifies requirements and test methods to assess the thermomechanical compatibility between a veneering ceramic and a metallic or ceramic substructure material used for dental restorations.
This document applies only to the materials used in combination. Conformity cannot be claimed for a single material.
For requirements for ceramic materials, see ISO 6872. For requirements for metallic materials see ISO 22674.

This document specifies a method for exposing specimens made from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based profiles to xenon-arc radiation, in order to assess changes in characteristics.
It is applicable to PVC based profiles including those covered with foil, paint, print, thermo-laminated foils or coextruded.
NOTE   The determination of changes in colour and variations of properties after exposure of PVC based profiles to xenon-arc radiation is described in an informative Annex A.

This document establishes a systematized framework for the competences of AI ethicists, categorizing them into knowledge, skills and attitudes related to the specific activities and tasks of the role. It specifies requirements and recommendations necessary for individuals to effectively perform as AI ethicists. These competences encompass a strong understanding of European values and fundamental rights, further enhancing the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for this profession.
This document defines the essential concepts and principles inherent to the AI ethicist role. It illustrates a clear, uniform approach to the integral components of this profession.
Moreover, the document outlines how the role of AI ethicists can be seamlessly integrated into a wide variety of organizations. These include, but are not limited to, commercial enterprises, governmental agencies and non-profit organizations.

This document specifies the conditioning atmospheres and the method for conditioning samples of intact, empty paper sacks before and during testing.

This document specifies controls, purpose, and guidance for implementing controls, to meet the requirements identified by a risk and impact assessment related to the protection of personally identifiable information (PII).
In particular, this document specifies requirements and guidance based on ISO/IEC 27002, taking into consideration the controls for processing PII that can be applicable within the context of an organization's information security risk environment(s).
This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations acting as PII controllers (as defined in ISO/IEC 29100), including public and private companies, government entities and not-for-profit organizations that process PII, in particular, organizations that do not establish or operate a privacy information management system.

RTBR/SMG-0019R1

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The honeycomb tensile-node bond strength is a fundamental property than can be used in determining whether honeycomb cores can be handled during cutting, machining and forming without the nodes breaking. The tensile-node bond strength is the tensile stress that causes failure of the honeycomb by rupture of the bond between the nodes. It is usually a peeling-type failure.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining tensile-node bond strength data for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-node bond strength of honeycomb core materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of aluminum-pigmented asphalt roof coatings suitable for application to roofing or masonry surfaces by brush or spray. Type I is nonfibered, Type II is fibered with asbestos, and Type III is fibered other than asbestos. The coatings shall adhere to chemical requirements such as composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, metallic aluminum, and insolubility in CS2. They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and luminous reflectance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-based, aluminum-pigmented roof coatings suitable for application to roofing or masonry surfaces by brush or spray.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGR-0437114vf80