Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document provides guidance and requirements for identifying and assessing impacts of climate change on drinking water systems and for developing strategies for the adaptation to these impacts. The assessment of the impacts is based on the assessment principles described in ISO 24566-1. This document also provides examples of some of the impacts of climate change on drinking water systems and of the responses that have been implemented by municipal water services or by the relevant jurisdiction (e.g. municipality or region served by the service). The examples of responses illustrate adaptation strategies that have been applied.

This document defines a standardized accuracy and precision evaluation process for modelling from 3D scanned data. The set of processes, activities and tasks described in this document provides a common framework for evaluating quality factors such as accuracy and precision for modelling from 3D scanned data. This document is not intended to evaluate the 3D printed product itself.

This document specifies the management and control of cashmere goat farming and herding in the supply chain. This includes proper use of rangelands and pastures, housing and/or nomadic production system, reproduction, feeding, breeding and health, cashmere harvesting, labelling and traceability of fibre and herds.

This document specifies a method for determining the tear strength of leather using a double edged tear. The method is sometimes described as the Baumann tear. It is applicable to all types of leather.

The document provides guidelines for the management of electrically powered mobile toilets that are connected to water and electricity under public epidemic emergencies (PEEs) from different perspectives, including users, operators, and suppliers. It also gives recommendations to provide safe sanitation services for users, cleaners, and waste tank drivers. It is applicable to epidemic situations of major respiratory tract and intestinal infectious diseases, but not to group unexplained diseases, major food and occupational poisoning and other events that seriously affect public health.

This document establishes the minimum performance requirements and tests for seat-belt assemblies and seat-belt anchorages on earth-moving machinery, necessary to restrain an occupant within a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in the event of a machine roll-over (see ISO 3471:2008, ISO 12117-2:2008/Amd 1:2016, and ISO 13459:2012/Amd 1:2022), or within a tip-over protection structure (TOPS) in the event of a machine tip-over (see ISO 12117:1997). This document is not applicable to seat-belt assemblies and seat-belt anchorages manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document describes the type, layout, location, and feedback display of available electro-mechanical and electronic transmission gear shifters found in passenger cars (including sport utility vehicles and light trucks) and in commercial vehicles (including heavy trucks and buses). The transmission gear shifters are located on the steering column, instrument panel, floor and centre consoles. Specifically, this document addresses shift by-wire electro-mechanical selectors that adapt the control of vehicle movement according to road conditions and personal preference. Conventional mechanical shifters are also referenced so correspondence between traditional linear P, R, N, D, L, M/S control types, layouts, locations and direction of control motions and electro-mechanical/electronic transmission gear shifters (simply, e-shifters) can be established. This document is based on observations and survey results described in Annexes A and B for passenger cars and commercial vehicles respectively. The results are independent of vehicle propulsion systems and define the layout, spatial orientation and control movement patterns for the following drive functions: — drive (D=forward movement), — reverse (R=rearward movement), — park (P=stationary), — neutral (N=freewheeling to allow stationary or forward-reverse without drive functions engaged), — low (L=remain in low gear),and/or — manual or sequential (M or S to engage manual drive mode). The control types of the transmission gear shifters that are within scope of this document are lever (pivot, slider and gated), dial/rotary, push button and toggle switch. Paddle shifters and ‘automatic-manual shifters’ are not specifically included in the scope. However, they are referenced so that if a transmission gear shifter has a ‘manual mode’ by which drive gear control is transferred to or shared with the paddle or automatic-manual transmission it is identified. This document also identifies control types, location and feedback displays of drive mode selectors. Their control types within scope are lever, dial/rotary, push button, toggle/rocker switch, touch screen and steering wheel paddle switches. These are located in the centre console, steering wheel or instrument panel of the vehicle. Various types of visual, auditory or haptic feedback correspond to display activations, control positions, and graphical representations in the head-up display, centre console, instrument panel, display audio or instrument cluster display. This document does not specifically include head-up displays, but it is foreseeable that graphical representations could appear in future head-up displays. Leaving the limitations of mechanical shifters means control freedom gets bigger. It is therefore likely that control types as well as the combination of transmission and brake functions will continue to develop. In this document, specific details about hybrid or electric drives are excluded. The same is in general valid for engine brake, auxiliary brake, or regeneration/recuperation programs. However, brake functions are to some extent still mentioned as part of drive modes found in the surveys. For commercial vehicles, and with the continued introduction of electric drivelines, these brake programs are likely to get even more related to different drive modes. It is foreseen that more information can be added at later stage, as separate ISO documents.

This document specifies minimum requirements for light-weight protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes or eyes and face from biological hazards, such as pathogenic micro-organisms in human or other animal bodily fluids that can deposit onto the face or eyes. NOTE 1 Typical scenarios for use include healthcare, retail and transport settings. This document specifies requirements for both single-use (disposable) and re-usable (disinfectable) products or components. This document applies to all afocal (plano) and prescription lensed protectors and their components. This document does not cover the respiratory equipment required for protection against aerosols, which can be used in conjunction with these eye protectors, and for which other standards apply. This document does not apply to — protectors intended for protection from specific hazards, e.g. mechanical hazards, harmful artificial optical radiation, dusts, molten metals, heat, flame, hot solids, harmful gases, vapours (refer to ISO 16321-1 to ISO 16321-3), — protectors specifically for sports (refer to the ISO 18527 series), — protectors for lasers (refer to ISO 19818-1), and — respiratory protection against aerosols (refer to ISO/TS 16975-4). NOTE 2 Guidance related to the specific selection, use and maintenance is provided in Annex A. NOTE 3 Where eye and face protection is incorporated in protective equipment, such as a hood, full face respirators, powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) hoods and headtops, the relevant requirements of this document apply to the components providing eye and face protection.

This document specifies the functions and quality evaluation of the specimen collection booth as part of pandemic response management for respiratory diseases. NOTE COVID-19 is an example of a disease for which such a specimen-collection booth is developed.

This document specifies the characteristics for suspension diaphragms to achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification. An air spring system usually consists of a diaphragm (subject of this document) and additional components such as either emergency or additional springs, or both, and other assembly parts. This document does not detail the other components of air suspension or control systems such as air reservoirs, air piping, levelling system, frames, stiffeners, emergency suspension systems or elastic supports (such as series springs), etc., which will affect the diaphragm performance. This document applies to suspension diaphragms (inflated with air) designed to be fitted on railway vehicles and similar vehicles running on dedicated tracks with permanent guide systems, whatever the type of rail and the running surface. These parts are typically made with elastomer, textile fabrics and metallic beads.

This document specifies qualification of the personnel regarding the tasks to be performed in the context of the maintenance of plant, infrastructure and production systems to fulfil the requirements of the maintenance job.
This document describes the knowledge, skills, and competencies required for the qualification of maintenance personnel. These guidelines can be used for training, skills validation of maintenance personal and career planning.
This document covers the following professional roles in the maintenance organization:
-   Maintenance Technician Specialist;
-   Maintenance Supervisor;
-   Maintenance Engineer;
-   Maintenance Manager.
These designations can be adapted based on company practices and operational organization. An example of an organizational structure can be seen in Annex A.
This document does not specify the verification criteria nor the specialized training of the personnel, which is related to specific sectors.
NOTE   Specialization and profession are the subjects of the training carried out in the relevant sector.

IEC 61169-23:2025, which is a sectional specification (SS), provides information and rules for the preparation of detail specifications (DS) for pin and socket connector for use with 3,5 mm rigid precision coaxial lines with inner diameter of outer conductor 3,5 mm (0,137 8 in).
This document specifies mating face dimensions for high performance connectors – grade 1, dimensional details of standard test connectors – grade 0, gauging information and tests selected from IEC 61169-1, applicable to all detail specifications relating to series 3,5 mm RF connectors.
This document indicates recommended performance characteristics to be considered when writing a detail specification and it covers test schedules and inspection requirements for assessment levels M and H.
These connectors are constructed so as to affix on the 50 Ω, 3,5 mm rigid precision coaxial line described in IEC 60457-5, and to provide low reflection to 34 GHz. These connectors can be intermated with SMA (IEC 61169-15) and 2,92 mm (IEC 61169-35) connectors.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for organizations to consider biodiversity in their strategies and operations, thereby adopting a biodiversity approach.
It is applicable to any type of organization, irrespective of its size or nature (e.g. large groups, public institutions, local authorities, mid-cap companies, associations, micro-structures, single-member companies), sector, level of development and the extent to which it includes biodiversity protection in its activities.

IEC 60794-1-110:2025 defines test procedures used to establishing uniform requirements for mechanical performance - kink. It applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. IEC 60794-1-2 gives general requirements, definitions and a complete reference guide to test methods of all types.
This first edition cancels and replaces Method E10 of the first edition of IEC 60794-1-21:2015, which will be withdrawn. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
addition of "4.7";
addition of "Annex A".

IEC 61000-4-30:2025 defines the methods for measurement and interpretation of results for power quality parameters in AC power supply systems with a declared fundamental frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Measurement methods are described for each relevant parameter in terms that give reliable and repeatable results, regardless of the method’s implementation. This document addresses measurement methods for in-situ measurements. This document covers two classes of measurement methods (Class A and Class S). The classes of measurement are specified in Clause 4.
NOTE 1 In this document, “A” stands for “advanced” and “S” stands for “surveys”.
Measurement of parameters covered by this document is limited to conducted phenomena in power systems. The power quality parameters considered in this document are power frequency, magnitude of the supply voltage, flicker, supply voltage dips and swells, voltage interruptions, transient voltages, supply voltage unbalance, voltage harmonics and interharmonics, rapid voltage changes, mains communicating system (MCS) voltages, magnitude of current, harmonic currents, interharmonic currents and current unbalance. Emissions in the 2 kHz to 150 kHz range are considered in Annex C and Annex D. Depending on the purpose of the measurement, all or a subset of the phenomena on this list can be measured.
NOTE 2 Test methods for verifying compliance with this document can be found in IEC 62586-2.
NOTE 3 The effects of transducers inserted between the power system and the instrument are acknowledged but not addressed in detail in this document. Guidance about effects of transducers can be found IEC TR 61869-103.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) IEC 61000-4-30:2015/AMD1:2021 and IEC 61000-4-30:2015/COR1:2016 were included.
b) The measurement method for rapid voltage changes (RVC) has been corrected and extended.
c) The measurement method for voltage events has been updated and extended.
d) Annex C was divided into 2 parts:
1) Annex C: The measurement method from IEC 61000-4-7:2002 and IEC 61000‑4‑7:2002/AMD1:2008, Annex B for conducted emissions in the 2 kHz to 9 kHz range has been separate
2) Annex D: A new measurement method for conducted emissions in the 9 kHz to 150 kHz range has been added.
e) Annex D (underdeviation and overdeviation parameters) was removed.
f) Annex E (Class B) was removed.

IEC 60645-7:2025 applies to instruments designed for the measurement of auditory evoked potentials from the inner ear, the auditory nerve, and the brainstem, evoked by either acoustic or vibratory stimuli of short duration. This document defines the characteristics to be specified by the manufacturer, specifies performance requirements for two types of instruments (screening and diagnostic/clinical), and specifies the functions to be provided on these types. It also specifies a means of describing the physical characteristics, in terms of electrical waveforms, of audiometric reference and test signals of short duration used with auditory evoked potential equipment and other equipment (e.g. otoacoustic emission instruments), and methods for their measurement. The purpose of this document is to ensure that measurements made under comparable test conditions with different instruments complying with this document will be consistent. This document is not intended to restrict development or incorporation of new features, nor to discourage innovative approaches. Evoked response measurement using the application of electric stimuli to a subject is beyond the scope of this document.

This document applies to water meters used to meter the volume of cold potable water and hot water flowing through a fully charged, closed conduit. These water meters incorporate devices which indicate the integrated volume.
This document specifies criteria for the selection of single, combination and concentric water meters, associated fittings, installation, special requirements for meters, and the first operation of new or repaired meters to ensure accurate constant measurement and reliable reading of the meter.
In addition to meters based on mechanical principles, this document also applies to water meters based on electrical or electronic principles, and to water meters based on mechanical principles incorporating electronic devices, used to measure the volume of cold potable water and hot water. It also applies to electronic ancillary devices. Ancillary devices are optional. However, national or international regulations may make some ancillary devices mandatory in relation to the utilization of the water meter.
The recommendations of this document apply to water meters, irrespective of technology, defined as integrating measuring instruments determining the volume of water flowing through them.
NOTE            Any national regulations apply in the country of use.

This document specifies two methods to assess the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys:
—     Method 1 which assesses the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measuring the loss of mass after immersion in a phosphoric acid based solution without prior acid treatment;
—     Method 2 which assesses the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measuring the loss of mass after immersion in a phosphoric acid based solution with prior acid treatment.
Method 1 is applicable to anodic oxidation coatings intended for decorative or protective purposes or where resistance to staining is important.
Method 2 is applicable to anodic oxidation coatings intended for outdoor architectural purposes. For less severe applications, Method 1 can be more suitable.
The methods are not applicable to the following:
—     hard-type anodic oxidation coatings which normally are not sealed;
—     anodic oxidation coatings that have been sealed only in dichromate solutions;
—     anodic oxidation coatings produced in chromic acid solutions;
—     anodic oxidation coatings that have undergone treatment to render them hydrophobic.
NOTE 1        While the methods assess the quality of hydrothermal sealing applied to anodized aluminium, they can be appropriate for other sealing methods.
NOTE 2        The methods are destructive and can serve as reference methods in case of doubt or dispute regarding the results of the test for loss of absorptive power (see ISO 2143) or the measurement of admittance (see ISO 2931).

This document specifies a screening test method to quantify rapidly the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides, such as 131I, 132Te, 134Cs and 137Cs, in solid or liquid test samples using gamma-ray spectrometry with lower resolution scintillation detectors as compared with the HPGe detectors (see IEC 61563[7]).
This test method can be used for the measurement of any potentially contaminated environmental matrices (including soil), food and feed samples as well as industrial materials or products that have been properly conditioned[8]. Sample preparation techniques used in the screening method are not specified in this document, since special sample preparation techniques other than simple machining (cutting, grinding, etc.) should not be required. Although the sampling procedure is of utmost importance in the case of the measurement of radioactivity in samples, it is out of scope of this document; other International Standards for sampling procedures that can be used in combination with this document are available (see References [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]).
The test method applies to the measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides such as 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. Using sample sizes of 0,5 l to 1,0 l in a Marinelli beaker and a counting time of 5 min to 20 min, decision threshold of 10 Bq·kg−1 can be achievable using a commercially available scintillation spectrometer [e.g. thallium activated sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) spectrometer 2” ϕ × 2” (50,8 mm Ø x 50,8 mm) detector size, 7 % resolution (FWHM) at 662 keV, 30 mm lead shield thickness].
This test method also can be performed in a “makeshift” laboratory or even outside a testing laboratory on samples directly measured in the field where they were collected.
During a nuclear or radiological emergency, this test method enables a rapid measurement of the activity concentration of potentially contaminated samples to check against operational intervention levels (OILs) set up by decision makers that would trigger a predetermined emergency response to reduce existing radiation risks[2].
Due to the uncertainty associated with the results obtained with this test method, test samples requiring more accurate test results can be measured using high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors gamma-ray spectrometry in a testing laboratory, following appropriate preparation of the test samples[15][16].
This document does not contain criteria to establish the activity concentration of OILs.

IEC 60092-352:2025 provides the basic requirements for the selection, installation and operating conditions of electrical cables intended for fixed electrical systems on board ships at voltages (U) up to and including Um 18/30 (36) kV, symmetrical category cables and fibre optic cables.
The reference to fixed systems includes those that are subjected to vibration (due to the movement of the ship) or movement (due to motion of the ship) and not to those that are intended for frequent flexing.
Cables subject to frequent or continual flexing use, which can withstand the mechanical stress and the environment they are exposed to, are detailed in other IEC specifications such as IEC 60227 and IEC 60245. Flexible cables are frequently used for retractable thrusters, elevators, moving decks, cranes, shore connections and other moving applications on board ships.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) modification of the part title;
b) complete review of the document and establishment of the match with all other standards from the group IEC 60092-350 to IEC 60092-379;
c) addition of terms and definitions;
d) addition of technical requirements for the installation of symmetrical category cables with transmission characteristics up to 1 000 MHz;
e) addition of the technical requirements for the installation of fibre optic cables;
f) addition of technical requirements for the installation of cables for installation between areas with and without explosive atmospheres

IEC 60335-2-113:2025 deals with the safety of beauty care appliances incorporating lasers or intense light sources for household and similar purposes, where their operation relies on contact with the skin, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances. This standard covers appliances with a light emitting surface less than 25 cm2. Appliances with a light emitting surface equal to or greater than 25 cm2 are within the scope of IEC 60335-2-27. Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public such as appliances intended to be used in beauty salons and similar premises are also within the scope of this standard.
Appliances covered by the scope of this standard include but are not limited to:
– appliances for control of hair growth;
– appliances for skin and beauty care incorporating lasers or intense light sources (ILS).
Appliances incorporating lasers or intense light sources (ILS) either heat up hair follicles or skin tissue to produce thermal effects or to produce photo-biological effects from specific wavelengths.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not take into account:
– persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
In many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601);
– appliances for skin or hair care (IEC 60335-2-23, IEC 60335-2-115);
– appliances for nail hardening;
– appliances for skin exposure to optical radiation with a light emitting surface equal to or greater than 25 cm2 (IEC 60335-2-27).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016 and Amendment 1:2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) deletion or conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 3.8.101, 3.8.104. 25.14);
c) addition of instruction to warn against use by or on children (7.12);
d) addition of instructions for use of appliances intended for use only in beauty salons and similar premises (7.12);
e) addition of accessible surface temperature limits (Clause 11);
f) clarification that test probe 18 is not applied for appliances intended only for use in beauty salons and similar premises (8.1.1, 20.2, B.22.3, B.22.4);
g) updating reference for evaluation of stray optical radiation to IEC 62471-7 (22.109, 32.102);
h) expansion of Table B.2 and Table B.3 to include more precise specifications for cells with a capacity between 0,2 Ah and 5 Ah;
i) Adding power supply requirements (21.102, 21.103, 24.2).
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.

IEC 61169-64:2025, which is a sectional specification (SS), provides information for the preparation of detail specifications (DS) for coaxial connectors with 0,8 mm inner diameter of the outer conductor, characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and with screw coupling. These connectors are referred to below as type 0,8 connectors. They are used in telecommunications technology as well as in test and measurement applications for operating frequencies up to 145 GHz.
This document describes mating face dimensions for high performance connectors (grade 1) and standard test connectors (grade 0), gauging information and tests selected from IEC 61169-1, applicable to all detail specifications relating to type 0,8 connectors.
This document indicates the recommended performance characteristics to consider when writing a detail specification and it covers test schedules and inspection requirements for assessment levels M and H.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) upgrading of the inferior connector class to a grade 1 “high performance connector”;
b) alignment of the mating face dimensions as well as the ratings and characteristics with the precision 0,8 mm connectors specified in the IEEE 287.1-2021 and IEEE 287.3-2021 standards;
c) figures: true-to-scale design; change of datum system for tolerances; introduction of an additional dimension;
d) gauge pins: correction of dimensions and test procedures;
e) simplification of the clauses on quality assessment (Clause 5), preparation of a detail specification (Clause 6), and marking (Clause 7) by making direct reference to the generic specification IEC 61169-1;
f) introduction of an optional design for the coupling nut.

IEC 61189-3-302:2025 describes a method for the detection of plating defects in unpopulated circuit boards using computed tomography (CT).
This document is applicable to non-destructive testing of metallized holes.

The gauges included in this document have been developed for application on mainline railway networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is a catalogue of reference profiles and their associated rules for the defined gauging process. This document is intended to be used with EN 15273-1:2025, EN 15273-2:2025 and EN 15273-3:2025.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document:
-   lists the formulae and the associated rules needed to calculate the infrastructure gauge;
-   lists the various phenomena to be taken into account to determine the infrastructure gauge;
-   defines a methodology that may be used to calculate the various profiles from these phenomena;
-   lists the rules to determine the distance between the track centres;
-   lists the rules to be complied with when building the platforms;
-   lists the rules to determine the pantograph gauge;
-   provides recommendations for the various profiles needed to install, verify and maintain infrastructure;
and is applicable for various track gauges.
This document is applicable to heavy rail networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the performance of materials and readymade garments for protection against the effects of precipitation (e.g. rain, snowflakes), fog and ground humidity. Garments for protection against other effects than precipitation (e.g. water splashes, waves) are excluded from this document.
The protective effects and requirements of footwear, gloves and separate headwear are excluded from the scope of this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the body voltage (BV) generated when a person wearing standardized footwear walks on a resilient, modular mechanical locked floor coverings (MMF) or laminate floor covering. The test method can be used under laboratory conditions as well as in situ.

This document specifies a method for the determination of tap density, i.e. the density of a powder that has been tapped into a container under specified conditions.

This document is applicable to new vehicle designs, to modifications to existing vehicles and for checking existing vehicles to be used on another route or network.
This document contains:
-   the rules for rolling stock for all defined gauges;
-   the swept envelope calculation process used for defined dynamic gauges, absolute and comparative process;
-   the list of documents required to assess vehicle conformity to this standard.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document contains:
-   the definitions and symbols for all EN 15273 documents;
-   the general explanation of various elements and phenomena affecting heavy rail gauging;
-   the general explanation of various calculation methods and processes applicable to the heavy rail gauging that allow the dimensioning of the rolling stock and the infrastructure.
This document is applicable to heavy rail vehicles and networks using various track gauges. Other vehicles and networks are outside the scope of this document, but the rules may be applied to them with some adjustments and agreement of the share of responsibility between rolling stock and infrastructure.
This document is not applicable to the gauges “S” and “T” for track gauge 1 520 mm.

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the chemical compatibility of packaging/ IBC made from polyethylene (PE), fluorinated polyethylene and co-extruded plastics. It covers the determination of adequate plastics compatibility against the following processes of deterioration:
—     softening due to absorption (swelling);
—     stress cracking;
—     combinations thereof.
This document is applicable to:
—     drums and jerricans made from plastics;
—     composite packaging (plastics) with inner receptacle made from plastics;
—     rigid plastics IBCs (types 31H1 and 31H2);
—     composite IBCs with rigid plastics inner receptacles (type 31HZ1);
used for the transport of liquid dangerous goods.
Proof of adequate plastics compatibility obtained using the test procedures specified in this document is only applicable to the above packaging and IBC types of the following materials and material specifications:
—     packaging and IBCs made from PE;
—     packaging and IBCs made from PE, whose internal surfaces are fluorinated; and
—     packaging and IBCs which are coextrusion blow moulded and have walls with the following multilayer structure (from inside to outside):
—    polyamide (PA), bonding agents, PE, or
—    ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), bonding agents, PE.
Note              Packaging and IBCs made from PE and packaging and IBCs made from PE with fluorinated internal surfaces, deteriorate additionally due to molecular degradation reactions with the corresponding packaged substances. For this, the chemical compatibility can also be verified by the type tests described in ISO 13274:2013, Annex B, B.2.3, using the standard liquid nitric acid (55 %) or appropriate original packaged substances. Packaging made from Coex PE/PA and Coex PE/EVOH is not resistant to polar acid molecularly degrading substances such as nitric acid, with the result that a corresponding method is not considered for this process of deterioration in this document.

This document specifies the reference method for the testing of spectacle frames, ready-to-wear near-vision spectacles, sunglasses and spectacle frames used for eye and face protection for nickel release.
The reference method supports the demonstration of conformity with the limit value for nickel release of 0,5 µg·cm−2·week−1 set forth by European Regulation.
The reference method involves the procedural steps shown in Figure 1 and described in Clause 4.
This document applies to those parts of metal spectacle frames and those metal parts of combination spectacle frames that are intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin of the wearer. This document also applies to those relevant metal parts of ready-to-wear near-vision spectacles, sunglasses and spectacle frames used for eye and face protection.
NOTE   The reference method for articles apart from spectacle frames, ready-to-wear near-vision spectacles, sunglasses and spectacle frames used for eye and face protection is specified in EN 1811.

This document defines terms within the field of electronic fee collection (EFC).
This document defines:
—     terms that are used in standards related to electronic fee collection;
—     terms of a more general use that are used more specifically in standards related to electronic fee collection.
This document does not define terms related primarily to other fields that operate in conjunction with EFC, such as terms for intelligent transport systems (ITS), common payment systems, the financial sector, etc.

IEC 60068-2-75:2014 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessing the safety of a product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy and applied in the prescribed directions. This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1997, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition:
- reconsideration of some values in Tables 1 and 2. Although some values are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes.

IEC 60364-7-712:2025 applies to electrical installations of PV systems. The equipment of a PV system, like any other item of equipment, is dealt with only so far as its selection and application in the installation is concerned. A PV installation comprises all equipment from PV modules(s) up to the connection point to other parts of the installation, for example a distribution board or the utility supply point (point of connection).
This part of IEC 60364 includes requirements on electrical installation resulting from the installation of PV power supply installations.
Requirements relating to the possible installation of energy storage systems (e.g. batteries) are included.
Requirements are also included for PV installations for island mode operation described in IEC 60364-8-82.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The technical content has been extensively revised and expanded, taking into account experience gained in the construction and operation of PV installations, and developments made in technology, since the second edition was published.
b) Key changes include requirements for PV power generation plants, direct connection to battery circuits, introduction of DC bus circuit and DCUs.

IEC 62115:2017 specifies safety requirements for electric toys that have at least one function dependant on electricity, electric toys being any product designed or intended, whether or not exclusively, for use in play by children under 14 years of age.
Examples of electric toys also within the scope of this standard are:
- constructional sets;
- experimental sets;
- functional electric toys (an electric toy that performs and is used in the same way as a product, appliance or installation intended for use by adults, and which may be a scale model of such product, appliance or installation);
- electric toy computers as well as a doll's house having an interior lamp.
If the packaging is intended to have play value then it is considered to be part of the electric toy.
This International Standard only covers the safety aspects of electric toys that relate to an electrical function.
This standard covers the safety of electric toys taking power from any source, such as batteries, transformers, solar cells and inductive connections.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, Amendment 1 (2004) and Amendment 2 (2010). This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the general conditions for tests has been rewritten and modified (Clause 5);
- the criteria for reduced testing has been modified (Clause 6);
- warnings for toys using button batteries or coin batteries have been added (7.3.3.2, 7.3.3.3);
- warnings on ride-on toys have been added (7.5);
- the requirements concerning accessibility of batteries have been updated (13.4.1 and 13.4.2);
- added requirements to cover toys placed above a child (13.4.4);
- added requirements to cover toys connected to other equipment (13.9);
- modified the requirements for safety of toys incorporating optical radiation sources (Annex E), to include requirements for using the technical LED data sheet for checking compliance with the specified accessible emission limits (AEL);
- updated the details for measurements of the optical radiation from the toy (Annex E);
- introduced an informative Annex I concerning measurement methods for toys with an integrated field source generating EMF;
- included a normative Annex J concerning safety of remote-controls for electric ride-on toys.
The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of its publication.
Key words: Safety, Electric Toys
The contents of the corrigendum of August 2019 apply to the French text only.

CISPR TR 16-4-4:2025 which is a Technical Report, establishes the CISPR model for the calculation of limits for the protection of radio services, based on data from the IEC Radio Services Database (RSD) and estimations of the input values for related probabilistic factors. This is part of the process of the derivation of disturbance limits in the radio frequency spectrum for use in publications containing emission requirements Application of this document leads to a frequency dependent limit result for a particular disturbance phenomenon and the considered product or product type establishing the technical basis in the CISPR limit specification procedure.
NOTE Non-technical parameters and terms that can be considered to influence a limit for inclusion in IEC publications are excluded from the modelling (see also Clause 4.6.5.3).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2007, Amendment 1:2017 and Amendment 2:2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) full revision of the limit calculation model;
b) the content on statistics of complaints was taken from this publication and published as separate document (CISPR TR 16-4-6);
c) application cases/rationales were separated from the model and will be handled in another document to be drafted.

IEC 60794-1-110:2025 defines test procedures used to establishing uniform requirements for mechanical performance - kink. It applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. IEC 60794-1-2 gives general requirements, definitions and a complete reference guide to test methods of all types. This first edition cancels and replaces Method E10 of the first edition of IEC 60794-1-21:2015, which will be withdrawn. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: addition of "4.7"; addition of "Annex A".

IEC 61169-23:2025, which is a sectional specification (SS), provides information and rules for the preparation of detail specifications (DS) for pin and socket connector for use with 3,5 mm rigid precision coaxial lines with inner diameter of outer conductor 3,5 mm (0,137 8 in). This document specifies mating face dimensions for high performance connectors – grade 1, dimensional details of standard test connectors – grade 0, gauging information and tests selected from IEC 61169-1, applicable to all detail specifications relating to series 3,5 mm RF connectors. This document indicates recommended performance characteristics to be considered when writing a detail specification and it covers test schedules and inspection requirements for assessment levels M and H. These connectors are constructed so as to affix on the 50 Ω, 3,5 mm rigid precision coaxial line described in IEC 60457-5, and to provide low reflection to 34 GHz. These connectors can be intermated with SMA (IEC 61169-15) and 2,92 mm (IEC 61169-35) connectors.

IEC 63522-31:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing all kind of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document defines a standard test method to investigate the effect of remanence in the magnetic circuit of relays with DC coil.

IEC 63522-34:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing all kinds of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document provides tests to ensure that a relay is suitable for use when subjected to contamination by fluids found in aerospace applications and similar. This test applies to RT III to RT V relays only.

IEC 63522-33:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing all kind of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document provides test methods to ensure that the connection between an earthing terminal and parts required to be connected thereto is of low resistance.

IEC 60079-45:2025 is intended to enhance the safety of personnel by providing minimum requirements for electrical ignition systems for spark-ignited reciprocating internal combustion engines, parts of which provide Equipment Protection Level (EPL) Gc. This document provides minimum construction and test requirements, in addition to manufacturer installation and maintenance recommendations, for the safe operation of ignition systems and components for spark-ignited reciprocating internal combustion engines providing EPL Gc for equipment Group IIB+H2, IIB or IIA. These requirements apply to systems rated for normal operation with secondary voltages less than or equal to 60 kV. This document applies only to the ignition systems or the individual ignition system components used on reciprocating internal combustion engines that are stationary when in operation and mobile machinery where the internal combustion engine can be potential source of ignition. Applications addressed by the scope of this document include but are not limited to gas compressors, electric power generators, forklift trucks, and pumps. This document does not apply to: a) Engine ignition systems that utilize a breaker point or magneto type ignition systems as these would not be suitable for use in a hazardous area. b) Road vehicles. c) Low voltage parts and electrical installation that are not included in the ignition system, such as various sensors and thermocouples, throttle actuator(s), fuel control valve(s), human machine interface (HMI), respective harness and wiring and all the other items that might belong to the integrated control system besides the ignition system. This document supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0 and the requirements of ISO/IEC 80079-41. Where a requirement of this document conflicts with IEC 60079 0 or ISO/IEC 80079-41, the requirement of this document takes precedence.

IEC 63522-54:2025 is used for testing all kinds of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document defines a standard test method for critical DC load current test.

This document is applicable to electrical insulating protective clothing used by skilled persons when they are working on or near live parts of low-voltage installations at nominal voltages up to 500 V AC. The purpose of this clothing is to prevent dangerous current from passing through persons when there is a risk of unintentional contact with several live parts located in and around the working area. This document does not deal with protection against the effects of an electric arc, DC applications and voltages higher than 500 AC. The products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use.

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).  
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.  
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.  
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following physical properties of coal tar primer: water content, consistency, specific gravity, matter insoluble in benzene, distillation, and coke residue content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGR-0534121-1vf40

RTS/TSGR-0534229-3vf40