Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies guidelines for grading raw sheep skins on the basis of their mass and size.

This document evaluates the use of the Bresle test (as defined in ISO 8502-9) for assessing soluble salt contamination on steel surfaces prepared with single-use abrasive blasting media. It presents comparative data from field and laboratory measurements using different analytical methods to determine whether conductivity values obtained from the Bresle test can be correlated to chloride and other salt concentrations.

This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions by gravimetric measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aeration and temperature of the composting vessel. The method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of these; plastic materials that contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants; water-soluble polymers; materials that, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the inoculum. NOTE If the test material inhibits microorganisms in the inoculum, another type of mature compost or pre-exposure compost can be used.

This document specifies the method for an application to: obtain OAuth tokens in a moderately secure manner for access to protected data; use OpenID Connect (OIDC) to identify the customer (user); and use tokens to access REST APIs in a moderately secure manner.

This document specifies the brain–computer interface (BCI) reference architecture (RA). The BCI RA defines the key characteristics of BCI systems, provides a common language for stakeholders, and addresses their concerns. It also provides guidance to system architects on efficient BCI system design, typical implementation categories and effects of using BCI technology in developing applications. Additionally, this document serves as a technical reference for architects, manufacturers, vendors, service providers, regulators and the public to better understand the BCI architecture, its functions and the underlying technology that supports the BCI systems.

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the ecotoxicological evaluation and classification of sludge for land application, and suitable land application pathways. This document applies to sludge from wastewater treatment plants.

This document provides guidance for communicating the risks related to the beneficial use of biosolids produced from industrial and municipal sludge and municipal biosolids derived products (e.g. composts, growing medium) and for managing public perception related to their use. This document: defines key concepts related to risk and risk communication; provides context for risk in relation to the beneficial use of biosolids; describes public perceptions and responses to the beneficial use of biosolids at a global scale; outlines risk communication principles, methods, and tools; includes case studies and examples of communication strategies. This document can also be used to support the development of biosolids management plans, particularly in relation to community consultation, engagement, and communication activities. In addition, it can be applied, where appropriate, to risk communication associated with other beneficial uses of biosolids or similar materials. This document does not apply to communication regarding hazardous sludge originating from wastewater that, due to its physical, chemical, or infectious properties, can pose significant risks to human health or the environment during use, handling, storage, or transportation, and requires specialized disposal methods. The definition of “beneficial use of biosolids” is outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies three procedures to check the performance of solar thermal collector fields. This document is applicable to most collector types addressed by ISO 9806. This includes glazed liquid heating flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and tracking, concentrating collectors. However, certain limitations apply in comparison to ISO 9806, specifically concerning wind and infrared sensitive collectors (WISC), hybrid collectors, and air collectors: WISC collectors are included only when both wind speed data measured on the collector plane and longwave radiation data are available. NOTE Such data is rarely available in practical applications. Hybrid collectors (“collectors co-generating thermal and electrical power” in ISO 9806, commonly PVT) are excluded. The reason is that their thermal performance in real-world operation depends on the operation of the electrical part: If the electrical part is switched off, limited, or curtailed for any reason, while the thermal part remains active, this would lead to an overestimation of the thermal power output, based on performance parameters determined under MPP conditions (maximum electrical power generation), as specified in ISO 9806. Solar air heating collectors (SAHC) are excluded due to the complexity of accurately assessing their performance: Testing and evaluating SAHC performance is complex, because it requires accounting for the enthalpy difference in the primary loop. Additionally, their thermal efficiency is highly dependent on mass flow rate, and their performance is tested at three different air mass flow rates, resulting in three separate parameter sets. For the ISO 24194 Power Check, this makes it challenging to select the appropriate parameters for estimating thermal power output. This document specifies procedures for performance check of the thermal power output of the collector field as well as on the daily yield and annual yield of the collector field. For the three procedures, this document specifies how to compare a measured output with the calculated one. The document is applicable to collector fields of all sizes.

This document defines an evaluation procedure and evaluation methods for assessing the accuracy and precision of 3D modelling software for designing 3D printing models using phantoms. This document is not intended to evaluate the 3D-printed product itself.

This document is applicable to safety-related electronic systems using for digital communication purposes a transmission system which was not necessarily designed for safety-related applications. For transmission systems where the risk of unauthorized access is not negligible, the document defines the interface to the applicable cybersecurity standards.
Both safety-related equipment and non-safety-related equipment can be connected to the transmission system.
This document gives the specific requirements needed to achieve safety-related communication between safety-related equipment connected to the transmission system, while the general system requirements including allocation of safety requirements and content of the safety case are defined in EN 50129.
This document is not applicable to existing systems which had already been accepted prior to the release of this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to existing systems, subsystems and equipment.
This document does not specify:
-   the transmission system;
-   equipment connected to the transmission system;
-   solutions (e.g. for interoperability);
-   which kind of data are safety-related and which are not.
A safety-related equipment connected through an open transmission system can be subjected to many different cybersecurity threats, against which an overall program is defined encompassing management, technical and operational aspects.

This document gives the botanical names of the main species of oleaginous plants, together with the names of the corresponding raw materials and oils (fats). This document is applicable to both edible oil and non-edible oils. An alphabetical index of the raw materials is also given to assist in the use of this document.

IEC/IEEE 62209-1528:2020 specifies protocols and test procedures for the reproducible and repeatable measurement of the conservative exposure peak spatial average SAR (psSAR) induced inside a simplified model of the head and the body by radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices, with a defined measurement uncertainty. These protocols and procedures apply to a significant majority of the population, including children, during the use of hand-held and body-worn wireless communication devices. These devices include single or multiple transmitters or antennas, and are operated with their radiating structure(s) at distances up to 200 mm from a human head or body. This document is employed to evaluate SAR compliance of different types of wireless communication devices used next to the ear, in front of the face, mounted on the body, operating in conjunction with other RF-transmitting, non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clips), or embedded in garments. The applicable frequency range is from 4 MHz to 10 GHz. Devices operating in the applicable frequency range can be tested using the phantoms and other requirements defined in this document.
The device categories covered include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones, cordless microphones, and radio transmitters in personal, desktop and laptop computers, for multi band operations using single or multiple antennas, including push-to-talk devices. This document can also be applied for wireless power transfer devices operating above 4 MHz.
This document does not apply to implanted medical devices.
This first edition of IEC/IEEE 62209-1528 cancels and replaces IEC 62209-1:2016, IEC 62209-2:2010, IEC 62209 2:2010/AMD1:2019 and IEEE Std 1528:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) extension of the frequency range down to 4 MHz and up to 10 GHz;
b) testing of devices with proximity sensors;
c) application specific phantoms;
d) device holder specifications;
e) fast SAR testing procedures;
f) test reduction procedures;
g) LTE assessment procedure;
h) revision of validation clause, including validation antennas;
i) revision of SAR assessment procedure;
j) time-average SAR measurement procedure;
k) uncertainty analysis;
This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard.

ISO/IEC 27572:2026 specifies the brain–computer interface (BCI) reference architecture (RA). The BCI RA defines the key characteristics of BCI systems, provides a common language for stakeholders, and addresses their concerns. It also provides guidance to system architects on efficient BCI system design, typical implementation categories and effects of using BCI technology in developing applications. Additionally, this document serves as a technical reference for architects, manufacturers, vendors, service providers, regulators and the public to better understand the BCI architecture, its functions and the underlying technology that supports the BCI systems.

IEC 61010-2-020:2026 is applicable to electrically powered laboratory centrifuges. It is possible that all or part of the equipment falls within the scope of one or more other Part 2 standards of IEC 61010 as well as within the scope of this document. In that case, the requirements of those other Part 2 standards will also apply. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with changes introduced by Amendment 1:2016 of IEC 61010-1:2010.
It has the status of a product safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This Part 2-020 is intended to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 61010-1. It was established on the basis of the third edition (2010) and its Amendment 1 (2016), hereinafter referred to as Part 1.
This Part 2-020 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 61010-1 so as to convert that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for laboratory centrifuges.
Where a particular subclause of IEC 61010-1 is not mentioned in this Part 2-020, that subclause applies as far as is reasonable. Where this Part 2-020 states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant requirement, test specification or note in IEC 61010-1 shall be adapted accordingly.

IEC/IEEE 62209-1528: Amendment 1

IEC TS 60695-11-12:2026 describes a test method intended to investigate whether the bottom part of an enclosure having openings is able to contain the burning droplets inside the enclosure if ignition occurs inside a finished unit.
The purpose of the test is to verify whether the size of the openings in the bottom part of an enclosure are of such a size that reduces the risk of propagation of a flame outside the enclosure of a finished unit .
This technical specification is intended to be used by technical committees in the preparation of documents in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC GUIDE 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. While this document currently does not have the status of a horizontal safety publication, it is intended to become one if the document is transformed into an International Standard.

This document describes an analytical method for the determination of uranium in samples from pure product materials such as U metal, UO2, UO3, U3O8, uranyl nitrate hexahydrate and uranium hexafluoride from the nuclear fuel cycle. This procedure is sufficiently accurate and precise to be used for nuclear materials accountability. This method can be used directly for the analysis of most uranium and uranium oxide nuclear reactor fuels, either irradiated or un-irradiated, and of uranium nitrate product solutions. Fission products equivalent to up to 10 % burn-up of heavy atoms do not interfere, and other elements which could cause interference are not normally present in sufficient quantity to affect the result significantly. The method recommends that an aliquot of sample is weighed and that a mass titration is used, in order to obtain improved precision and accuracy. This does not preclude the use of alternative techniques which could give equivalent performance. The use of automatic device(s) in the performance of some critical steps of the method has some advantages, mainly in the case of routine analysis.

The scope of this document is the definition of the functional interface between the TDC and other train systems. These "Other Train Systems" are the train systems interfacing with the TDC excluding the displays (CLC/TR 50542-2), ETCS/STM onboard (Subset-121) and already designed class B ATP systems.
The functional interface deals with data exchanged between the TDC and these train systems as shown in Figure 1.
The TDC is defined in document CLC/TR 50542-1.
(...)

The present document defines classes of environmental conditions and their severities to which telecommunication equipment may be exposed. The severities specified are those which will have a low probability of being exceeded; generally less than 1 % of the operating time in a year. The present document applies to equipment mounted for stationary use including periods of erection work, down time, maintenance and repair at weatherprotected locations defined in clause 5.

This document specifies an analytical method for determining the neptunium concentration by spectrophotometry, with spectrophotometer implemented in hot cell or glove box allowing the analysis of high activity solutions, with a standard uncertainty, with coverage factor k = 1 of about 5 %, in nitric acid solutions after the dissolution of nuclear reactor irradiated fuels, at different steps of the process in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant or in other nuclear facilities. The method is applicable to sample from the process containing a concentration of neptunium between 10 mg·l-1 and 400 mg·l-1 and uranium concentrations of up to 300 g·l-1.

This document specifies
-   the service conditions;
-   rated characteristics;
-   general structural requirements; and
-   test methods
of prefabricated traction substations for use in AC and DC electric traction systems, which as a minimum contain an enclosure and a traction switchgear designed and manufactured according to
-   EN 50123 6 in DC electric traction systems;
-   CLC/TS 50152 4 in AC electric traction systems.
Traction substations using non-type tested traction switchgear are covered by EN IEC 61936 1:2021.
NOTE 1   Due to the type testing requirements on the prefabricated traction substations only type tested traction switchgear is considered.
The enclosures of the prefabricated traction substations for use in AC and DC electric traction systems are
-   designed for outdoor installation at locations with or without public accessibility;
-   connected by insulated cable;
-   operated from inside (walk-in type) or outside (non-walk-in type).
NOTE 2   Prefabricated traction substations for railway applications are typically of the walk-in type due to the rating and resulting dimensions of the AC or DC traction switchgear.
Prefabricated traction substations can be situated at ground level or partially or completely below ground level.
In general a prefabricated traction substation comprises an enclosure, a traction switchgear and can include the following additional main components:
-   power transformers;
-   electronic power converters;
-   high-voltage and/or low-voltage switchgear and controlgear;
-   high-voltage and/or low-voltage interconnections;
-   auxiliary equipment and circuits.
However, relevant provisions of this document are applicable to designs where not all these main components exist.
NOTE 3   The term "main component”"is defined in 3.3.103 of EN IEC 62271 202:2022.
NOTE 4   For example, a switching station in an AC electric traction system consisting of an AC metal-enclosed traction switchgear and auxiliary circuits only.
NOTE 5   EN IEC 61936 1:2021 provides general rules for the design and erection of high-voltage power installations. As well, it specifies additional requirements for the external connections, erection and operation at the place of installation of high-voltage prefabricated traction substations compliant with EN IEC 62271 202:2022, which are regarded as a main component of such installation. Non-prefabricated traction substations, are generally covered by EN IEC 61936 1:2021.
This document covers designs using natural ventilation and/or any other kind of cooling system.
Due to the large number of different main components being addressed in this document the expression "main components shall comply with (the applicable subclause of) their specific product standard" is used in this document. This means that reference is to
-   EN 50123 6:2003  for DC traction switchgear;
-   to other parts of the EN 50123 series for switching devices also measurement, control and protection devices for DC traction applications;
-   CLC/TS 50152 4:2021 for AC traction switchgear;
-   other parts of the EN 50152 series for switching devices and also measurement, control and protection devices for AC traction applications;
-   EN 50328:2003  for electronic power converters;
-   EN 50329:2003  for traction power transformers;
-   EN IEC 61439-1:2021  for low-voltage non-traction switchgear; and
-   EN IEC 62271 200:2021  for high-voltage non-traction switchgear.

This document is applicable to safety-related electronic systems (including subsystems and equipment) for railway signalling applications.
This document applies to generic systems (i.e. generic products or systems defining a class of applications), as well as to systems for specific applications.
The scope of this document and its relationship with other CENELEC standards are shown in Figure 1.
This document is applicable only to the functional safety of systems. It does not deal with other aspects of safety such as occupational health and safety of personnel or potential threats created by the technology regardless of their intended functions (e.g. presence of sharp edges, presence of electric voltage, presence of combustible material). Cybersecurity aspects of functional safety are addressed only to the extent consistent with the application of the relevant standards, where needed.
This document applies to all the phases of the life cycle of a safety-related electronic system, focusing in particular on phases from 4 (specification of system requirements) to 10 (system acceptance) as defined in EN 50126 1:2017.
Requirements for systems which are not related to safety are outside the scope of this document.
This document is not necessarily applicable to systems, subsystems or equipment which had already been accepted prior to the date of withdrawal (dow) of the standards conflicting with this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to such systems, subsystems and equipment.
NOTE   In the case of partial modifications, it can happen that the system can no longer be declared compliant with a single version of the standard, meaning that the modified part will be compliant with the current version and the unmodified parts will be compliant with the previous version.
This document is primarily applicable to systems, subsystems or equipment which have been specifically designed and manufactured for railway signalling applications. It is also applicable, to the extent of 6.2, to general-purpose or industrial equipment (e.g. power supplies, display screens, or other commercial off the shelf items) which is procured for use as part of a safety-related electronic system.
This document is aimed at railway duty holders, railway suppliers, and assessors as well as at safety authorities, although it does not define an approval process to be applied by the safety authorities.

This document specifies a method which applies to the preparation and validation of the standard materials generally called “large size spikes” with an uncertainty suitable for international nuclear safeguards used for measuring the content of plutonium and/or uranium by isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
This measurement methodology can be applied to input solutions of irradiated Magnox and light water reactor fuels (boiling water reactor or pressurized water reactor); in final products at spent-fuel reprocessing plants; in feed and products of mixed oxide of plutonium and uranium (MOX); and in uranium fuel fabrication

IEC 60310:2026 specifies the terms and definitions, classification, service conditions, characteristics and test methods for transformers and inductors on board rolling stock. This document is applicable to traction and auxiliary power transformers installed on board rolling stock and to the various types of power inductors inserted in the traction and auxiliary circuits of rolling stock, of dry or liquid-immersed design. This document is also applicable to the traction transformers of three-phase AC line-side powered vehicles and to the transformers inserted in the single-phase or polyphase auxiliary circuits of vehicles, after agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. This document does not apply to instrument transformers, transformers of a rated output below 1 kVA single-phase or 5 kVA poly-phase, and inductors of a rated output below 1 kVAR single-phase or 5 kVAR poly-phase on board rolling stock. This document does not cover accessories such as tap changers, resistors, heat exchangers, fans, etc., intended for mounting on transformers or inductors, which are tested separately according to the relevant rules. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) typical circuits for transformer and inductors are added;
b) letter symbols for cooling methods are added;
c) dielectric test table is modified;
d) subclauses for the tests of transformers and inductors are restructured;
e) temperature test for dry type transformer and dry type inductors are separated in different subclauses;
f) requirements for shock and vibration tests are updated according to IEC 61373:20.

This document applies to the testing of surfaces that may become contaminated by radioactive materials.
The ease of decontamination is a property of a surface and an important criterion for selecting surface
materials used in the nuclear industry, interim storage or disposal facilities from which contamination can
be removed easily and rapidly without damaging the surface. The test described in this document is a rapid
laboratory-based method to compare the ease of decontamination of different surface materials.
The results from the test can be one parameter to take into account when selecting surface coatings such
as varnish or impervious layers such as ceramics and other surfaces. The radionuclides used in this test
are those commonly found in the nuclear industry (137Cs, 134Cs and 60Co) in aqueous form. The test can also be adopted for use with other radionuclides and other chemical forms, depending on the customer requirements, if the solutions are chemically stable and do not corrode the test specimen.
The test does not measure the ease of decontamination of the surface materials in practical use, as this
depends on the radionuclide(s) present, their chemical form, the duration of exposure to the contaminant
and the environmental conditions amongst other factors.
The test method is not intended to describe general decontamination procedures or to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedures (see ISO 7503-1 to ISO 7503-3).
The test method is not suitable for use of radiochemicals if the radionuclide emits low energy gamma rays or beta particles that are readily attenuated in the surface.

This part of IEC 61076 specifies circular connectors with bayonet locking size B12, B17, B23 and B40, typically used for power, signal and data transmissions in industrial applications. These connectors consist of fixed and free connectors either rewirable or non-rewirable.

IEC 62841-2-25:2026 applies to hand-held chain beam saws for cutting wood or similar material and designed for use by one person. This document does not apply to chain beam saw attachments that convert a circular saw or a chain saw into a chain beam saw. This document does not apply to chain saws, chain saws for tree service, and pole-mounted pruners.
NOTE 101 Chain saws are covered by IEC 62841-4-1.
NOTE 102 Chain saws for tree service will be covered by a future part of IEC 62841.
NOTE 103 Pole-mounted pruners will be covered by a future part of IEC 62841.
This document is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014 and IEC 62841-1:2014/AMD1:2025.
This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 62841-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for hand-held chain beam saws. Where a particular subclause of IEC 62841-1 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause applies as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in IEC 62841-1 is to be adapted accordingly. Subclauses, notes, tables and figures which are additional to those in IEC 62841-1 are numbered starting from 101. Subclauses, notes, tables and figures in Annex K and Annex L which are additional to those in the main body of this document are numbered starting from 301.
NOTE The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests. It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication.

IEC 63478-3:2026 describes the measurement methods for users’ quality of experience (QoE) parameters on multimedia conferencing services.

IEC 63287-4:2026 gives guidelines for the development of reliability qualification plans using the early failure assessment, based on the environmental conditioning and proposed usage of the product. This document is not intended for military- and space-related applications.

This document covers hinged and pivoted steel (any kind) and aluminium based framed, glazed doorsets or openable windows. Throughout this document, the term "doorset" will be used to cover both doorsets and door assemblies. It prescribes the methodology for extending the application of test results obtained from fire resistance test(s) conducted in accordance with EN 1634-1.
Subject to the completion of the appropriate test or tests selected from those identified in Clause 4, the extended application can cover all or some of the following examples:
-   integrity (E), integrity & radiation (EW) or integrity & insulation (EI1 or EI2) classification,
-   glazed elements including vision panels and framed glazed doorsets,
-   air transfer grilles (louvres and/or vents),
-   side, transom or over panels,
-   items of building hardware,
-   decorative and protective finishes,
-   intumescent seals and non-intumescent (smoke, draught or acoustic) seals,
-   alternative supporting construction(s).
This document does not cover horizontal doorsets.
The effect on the Classification ‘C’ for the doorsets following an extended application process is not addressed in this document.

This document provides an overview description for the recommended processes for archiving of model-based product data, (e.g. 3D CAD and PDM data). The detailed processes are described in additional process parts of the EN 9300 series.

This document specifies the procedures for determining the static and pressure bleed of fresh concrete.
The tests are suitable for specimens having a declared value of the coarsest fraction of aggregates used in concrete (Dmax) not greater than 40 mm. It can be carried out in the laboratory or on site.

This document specifies the fundamentals and concepts for the long-term preservation of digital product and technical data. The EN 9300 series specifies various regulatory and business requirements, applicable domain specific methodologies and are extensible for future long-term archiving formats and data management practices.

This document specifies the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain:
—   Terms and definitions;
—   Requirements for the presentation of raw hides and skins.
It is applicable to fresh and salted bovine hides and skins.
It outlines the opening cut and trim of hides and skins and the types of defects typically associated with this raw material.
NOTE 1 Opening cut and trim vary from country to country.
It shows which parts of hides and skins can be used for leather production and which factors influence the quality of hides and skins.
Furthermore, it gives recommendations on precautions to be taken for transport, preservation, loading and unloading.
NOTE 2 For commercial agreements between the buyer and the supplier of hides and skins, operators use the INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT No. 6 – HIDES and SKINS as drawn up by the International Council of Hides, Skins and Leather Traders Associations (ICHSLTA) and the International Council of Tanners (ICT) [1].

The purpose of this document is to define data communication services and protocols for computer equipment used for monitoring and control of HVAC&R and other building systems and to define, in addition, an abstract, object-oriented representation of information communicated between such equipment, thereby facilitating the application and use of digital control technology in buildings.

This document specifies the characteristics of bolts, normal hexagonal head, coarse tolerance normal shank, medium length thread, in heat resisting nickel base alloy, aluminium IVD coated.
Classification: 1 250 MPa   / 425 °C

This document gives guidance on the general procedures in the sampling and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and preservative-treated timber.
This document is applicable to the provision of appropriate samples for analysis which can be used to check the content of active and other ingredients in preservative formulations, and the content of active and other ingredients of wood preservatives in treated timber, either before, during or after the service life of the timber.
NOTE 1   Methods of sampling creosote and creosote-treated timber are described in other standards: EN 1014-1, EN 1014-2 and EN 12490.
NOTE 2   No attempt has been made in this document to lay down detailed procedures to be adopted for control purposes at manufacturing plants where large volumes of preservatives are sampled. Nor does it attempt to establish procedures for checking the compliance of batches of treated timber with specifications demanding a defined level of treatment (see 6.2).

This document specifies requirements for railway driving simulators for drivers' training. It defines the minimum functions and performances for a driver training simulator.
This document is applicable to all guided transport systems, including for mainlines, metros, tramways and light rails, as part of public/private transport systems. These vehicles are intended for the operation of intercity, urban and suburban passenger or freight services with self-propelled systems and operated on either segregated or not segregated paths.
Annexes A to D provide additional information.

This document specifies the dimensions of uncoated double hexagon head bolts, close tolerance, with MJ-thread, medium thread length, in heat-resisting nickel base alloy NI-P100HT for aerospace applications.
Maximum test temperature of the parts is 650 °C.
These bolts are used in aerospace fastening systems mainly stressed in shearing force.

IEC 60127-7:2026 covers requirements for miniature fuse-links for special applications. This part of IEC 60127 is applicable to fuse-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 1 000 V, a rated current not exceeding 125 A and a rated breaking capacity not exceeding 50 kA. It does not apply to fuses completely covered by the subsequent parts of IEC 60269-1. It does not apply to miniature fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in corrosive or explosive atmospheres.

This part of IEC 61753 contains the minimum initial performance, test and measurement requirements and severities for plug-pigtail style and plug-receptacle style OTDR reflecting devices to meet the requirements of category C-Controlled environments, as specified in Annex A of IEC 61753-1 [1]1. These devices are utilized for out-of-band OTDR testing of an optical fibre system.
Annex B provides information concerning these devices.

RTBR/SMG-0019R1

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The honeycomb tensile-node bond strength is a fundamental property than can be used in determining whether honeycomb cores can be handled during cutting, machining and forming without the nodes breaking. The tensile-node bond strength is the tensile stress that causes failure of the honeycomb by rupture of the bond between the nodes. It is usually a peeling-type failure.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining tensile-node bond strength data for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-node bond strength of honeycomb core materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with specified inclines. The emulsified asphalts are grouped into three types, as follows: Type I, which contains fillers or fibers including asbestos; Type II, which contains fillers or fibers other than asbestos; and Type III, which do not contain any form of fibrous reinforcement. These types are further subdivided into two classes, as follows: Class 1, which is prepared with mineral colloid emulsifying agents; and Class 2, which is prepared with chemical emulsifying agents. Other than consistency and homogeneity of the final products, they shall also conform to specified physical property requirements such as weight, residue by evaporation, ash content of residue, water content flammability, firm set, flexibility, resistance to water, and behavior during heat and direct flame tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with inclines of not less than 4 % or 42 mm/m [1/2 in./ft].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).  
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.  
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.  
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGC-0429501vf70