Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE            The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.

This document specifies the quality, safety requirements and test methods for Euodia fruit. It is applicable to Euodia fruit that is sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces.

The amendment to EN IEC 60601-2-57 contains the Annexes ZA (Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications) and ZZ (Relationship between this European standard and the General Safety and Performance Requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/745 aimed to be covered).
These two Annexes are necessary for the harmonization of the standard to the Regulation (EU) 2017/745.

This document specifies basic requirements for gearboxes to operate industrial valves for manual and automated on/off and modulating duties, including manual override gearboxes. It includes guidelines for classification, design and methods for conformity assessment. This document does not cover gear systems which are an integral part in the design of valves and subsea gearboxes. Other requirements or conditions of use different from those indicated in this document are agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier (first party) prior to order.

This document describes the scientific background and rationale for the content of EN 17950, Protective helmets - Test methods - Shock absorption including measuring rotational kinematics.

1.1   This document specifies safety requirements for design, construction and manufacturing of permanently installed electrically powered vertical lifting appliances affixed to a building structure intended for use by persons, including persons with disability:
-   travelling vertically between predefined levels along a guided path whose inclination to the vertical does not exceed 15°;
-   supported or sustained by rack and pinion, rope traction drive, noncircular elastomeric-coated suspension means (hereafter called traction belts) traction drive, rope positive drive, chains, timing belts, screw and nut, guided chain or hydraulic jack (direct or indirect);
-   with enclosed wells;
-   with a rated speed not greater than 0,15 m/s;
-   with the carrier completely enclosed;
-   with a temperature in the well and in the machinery spaces between +5 °C and +40 °C.
1.2   This document does not specify additional requirements for:
-   lightning protection;
-   operation subject to ATEX rules;
-   lifting appliances whose primary function is the transportation of goods;
-   earthquakes, flooding;
-   firefighting and evacuation;
-   noise and vibrations;
-   the transport of type-C wheelchairs as defined in EN 12183:2022 and/or EN 12184:2022;
-   vertically sliding doors.
1.3   Components incorporated in a lifting appliance installation are:
a)   designed in accordance with usual engineering practice and calculation codes, taking into account all failure modes;
b)   of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
c)   free of defects.
1.4   This document is not applicable to lifting appliances manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document provides the guidelines of CEN and CENELEC’s policy towards building partnerships with European organizations, associations and other recognized stakeholders who have an interest in European standardization and are willing and able to provide added-value knowledge and to actively contribute with inputs and proposals to CEN and/or CENELEC corporate and technical bodies.

This document specifies requirements for the attachment of part-turn actuators, with or without gearboxes, to industrial valves. The attachment of part-turn actuators to control valves in accordance with the requirements of this document is subject to an agreement between the supplier and the purchaser. This document specifies: flange dimensions necessary for the attachment of part-turn actuators to industrial valves [see Figures 1 a) and 1 c)] or to intermediate supports [see Figures 1 b) and 1 d)]; driving component dimensions of part-turn actuators necessary to attach them to the driven components; reference values for torques for interfaces and for couplings having the dimensions specified in this document. The attachment of the intermediate support to the valve is beyond the scope of this document.

The European Commission will in its project "VAT in the digital age" (ViDA) mandate that VAT reporting on intra-EU transactions is performed in near real-time and based on EN 16931-1. This Technical Report defines the impact of this legislation on the various deliverables of CEN/TC 434, with a focus on the subset to be sent to tax authorities and how EN 16931-1 needs to be changed. The ViDA package applies to all EU member states and specific territories where the VAT legislation applies (e.g. Northern Ireland in respect to goods).
This document does not define the content of the common electronic message based on the electronic invoice to be sent to the authorities. The definition of that common electronic message (DRR message) is a task of the European Commission, possibly with help of CEN. As the DRR message is not an invoice, but a VAT report, it is not to be regarded as a Core Invoice Usage Specification (CIUS). The DRR message therefore needs not to obey the rules for developing a CIUS. For example, not all mandatory elements in the invoice need to be part of the DRR message.

This document specifies the requirements for the attachment of multi-turn actuators to valves. Throughout this document, “actuator” can be understood as “actuator” or “combination of actuator with gearbox” providing a multi-turn or linear output. This document specifies: flange dimensions necessary for the attachment of actuators to industrial valves [see Figure 1 a)] or to intermediate supports [see Figure 1 b)]; those driving component dimensions of actuators which are necessary to attach them to the driven components; reference values for torque and thrust for flanges having the dimensions specified in this document.

This document specifies a method using automated Randall extraction for the determination of the hexane extract (or light petroleum extract), called the “oil content”, of oilseeds used as industrial raw materials. The procedure for sunflower seed is different from those for others seeds as it includes an additional moisture content determination after the seed has been ground to prepare the test sample. If required, the pure seeds and the impurities can be analysed separately. In the case of groundnuts, the pure seeds, the total fines, the non-oleaginous impurities and the oleaginous impurities can be analysed separately.

This document specifies the quality and safety requirements for Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome. This document applies to Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizome that is sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from the plant.

This document gives guidance on planning, evaluating the risks, and conducting activities and techniques remotely for internal or external verification/validation (i.e. first, second and third party) of greenhouse gas (GHG) statements. It is applicable to cases where a verifier determines that the circumstances defined in ISO 14064-3:2019, 6.1.4.2, do not require an in-person site or facility visit or a validator determines that an evidence-gathering plan can include activities and techniques performed remotely as defined in ISO 14064-3:2019, 7.1.6. Activities and techniques applied remotely can be used by a verifier for activities such as inquiry of persons and documents, analytical testing, recalculation, estimate testing, cross-checking and reconciliation when a verifier’s risk assessment does not require the use of on-site activities and techniques. Activities and techniques applied remotely can be used by a validator when their use does not compromise the validator’s ability to assess whether the characteristics of GHG activities (see ISO 14064-3:2019, Clause 7) will meet the needs of intended users. This document is applicable to verifications/validations that use: a combination of activities and techniques applied remotely and on-site; exclusively activities and techniques applied remotely. NOTE Legislation can differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. It is the user’s responsibility to determine how applicable legal requirements relate to this document.

This document: provides method(s) for identifying, in Open-edi modelling technologies and development of scenarios, the extra requirements in Business Operational View (BOV) specifications for identifying the additional external constraints to be applied to recorded information in business transactions relating to personal information of an individual, as required by legal and regulatory requirements of applicable jurisdictional domains having governance over the personal information exchanged among parties to a business transaction; integrates existing normative elements in support of privacy protection requirements as are already identified in ISO/IEC 14662 and ISO/IEC 15944-1, ISO/IEC 15944-2, ISO/IEC 15944-4 and ISO/IEC 15944-5, which apply to information concerning identifiable living individuals as buyers in a business transaction or whose personal information is used in the business transaction; provides overarching operational "best practice" statements for associated (and not necessarily automated) processes, procedures, practices and governance requirements that need to act in support of implementing and enforcing mechanisms needed to support privacy/data protection requirements necessary for the implementation in Open-edi transaction environments; identifies and provides a sample scenario and implementation (use case) for one or more use cases of privacy/data protection in business transactions; provides guidelines on the need for procedural mechanisms in the event that mandatory disclosure rules of transactional information that needs to be implemented. This document does not specify the technical mechanisms needed to implement the Functional Services View. Detailed exclusions to the scope of this document are provided in Annex H.

This International Standard specifies the minimum operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results conforming to performance standards not inferior to those adopted by the IMO in Resolution MSC.192(79). (MSC.192/2) The radar installation, in addition to meeting the general requirements as set out in resolution A.694(17) and the related standard IEC 60945, should comply with the performance standards of MSC.192(79). When a requirement of this standard is different from IEC 60945, the requirement in this standard takes precedence.

This part of IEC 61996 specifies the minimum performance requirements, technical characteristics, methods of testing and required test results, for shipborne voyage data recorder (VDR) installations as required by Chapter V of the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), as amended. It takes account of IMO resolution A.694(17) and is associated with IEC 60945. When a requirement in this standard is different from IEC 60945, the requirement in this standard takes precedence. This standard incorporates the applicable parts of the performance standards included in IMO Resolution MSC.333(90).

IEC 62541-10:2025 is available as IEC 62541-10:2025 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 62541-10:2025 defines the Information Model associated with Programs in OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). This includes the description of the NodeClasses, standard Properties, Methods and Events and associated behaviour and information for Programs. The complete AddressSpace model including all NodeClasses and Attributes is specified in IEC 62541-3. The Services such as those used to invoke the Methods used to manage Programs are specified in IEC 62541-4. An example for a DomainDownload Program is defined in Annex A. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - StateMachine table format has been aligned.

IEC 62541-13:2025 is available as IEC 62541-13:2025 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 62541-13:2025 defines the information model associated with Aggregates. Programmatically produced aggregate examples are listed in Annex A. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Multiple fixes for the computation of aggregates • The Raw status bit is always set for non-bad StatusCodes for the Start and End aggregates. • Entries in the Interpolative examples Tables A2.2 Historian1, Historian2, and Historian3 have been changed from Good to Good, Raw status codes when the timestamp matches with the timestamp of the data source. • Missing tables have been added for DurationInStateZero and DurationInStateNonZero. • The value of zero has been removed for results with a StatusCode of bad. • Data Type was listed as "Status Code" when it is "Double" for both Standard Deviation and both Variance Aggregates. • Rounding Error in TimeAverage and TimeAverage2 have been corrected. • The status codes have been corrected for the last two intervals and the value has been corrected in the last interval. • The wording has been changed to be more consistent with the certification testing tool. • UsedSlopedExtrapolation set to true for Historian2 and all examples locations needed new values or status' are modified. • Values affected by percent good and percent bad have been updated. • PercentGood/PercentBad are now accounted for in the calculation. • TimeAverage uses SlopedInterpolation but the Time aggregate is incorrectly allowed to used Stepped Interpolation. • Partial bit is now correctly calculated. • Unclear sentence was removed. • Examples have been moved to a CSV. • The value and status code for Historian 3 have been updated. • TimeAverage2 Historian1 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes. • TimeAverage2 Historian2 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes. • Total2 Historian1 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes • Total2 Historian2 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes • Maximum2 Historian1 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes • MaximumActualTime2 Historian1 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes • Minimum2 Historian1 now takes uncertain regions into account when calculating StatusCodes • MinimumActualTime2 Historian1 now has the StatusCodes calculated while using the TreatUncertainAsBad flag. • Range2 Historian1 now looks at TreatUncertainAsBad in the calculation of the StatusCodes. • Clarifications have been made to the text defining how PercentGood/PercentBad are used. The table values and StatusCodes of the TimeAverage2 and Total2 aggregates have been corrected.

IEC 61300-3-14:2025 provides a method to measure the error and repeatability of the attenuation value settings of a variable optical attenuator (VOA). There are two control technologies for VOAs: manually controlled and electrically controlled. This document covers both VOA control technologies and also both single-mode fibres and multimode fibres VOAs. For electrically controlled VOAs, the hysteresis characteristics of attenuation are sometimes important. The hysteresis characteristics can be measured as stated in Annex B. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of IEC 61315, Calibration of fibre-optic power meters as normative reference; b) addition of Clause 3 containing terms, definitions and abbreviated terms; c) addition of notes for permission of repeatability definition with 2σ; d) correction of error in Figure 1 a) and Figure 1 b); e) addition of a clear statement on EF launch condition requirement for MM source; f) change of “Detector” to “Power meter”; g) combination of Clause 7 and Clause 8 into a new Clause 8 titled “Details to be specified and reported”; h) addition of uncertainty considerations in Clause 7; i) correction of error in Formula (B.3).

IEC 62541-100:2025 defines the information model associated with Devices. This document describes three models which build upon each other as follows: • The (base) Device Model is intended to provide a unified view of devices and their hardware and software parts irrespective of the underlying device protocols. • The Device Communication Model adds Network and Connection information elements so that communication topologies can be created. • The Device Integration Host Model finally adds additional elements and rules required for host systems to manage integration for a complete system. It enables reflecting the topology of the automation system with the devices as well as the connecting communication networks. This document also defines AddIns that can be used for the models in this document but also for models in other information models. They are: • Locking model – a generic AddIn to control concurrent access, • Software update model – an AddIn to manage software in a Device. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a a ComponentType that can be used to model any HW or SW element of a device has been defined and a SoftwareType has been added as subtype of ComponentType; b the new OPC UA interface concept and defined interfaces for Nameplate, DeviceHealth, and SupportInfo has been added. c) a new model for Software Update (Firmware Update) has been added; d) a new entry point for documents where each document is represented by a FileType instance has been specified; e) a model that provides information about the lifetime, related limits and semantic of the lifetime of things like tools, material or machines has been added.

IEC 62541-7: 2025 specifies value and structure of Profiles in the OPC Unified Architecture. OPC UA Profiles are used to segregate features with regard to testing of OPC UA products and the nature of the testing. The scope of this document includes defining functionality that can only be tested. The definition of actual TestCases is not within the scope of this document, but the general categories of TestCases are covered by this document. Most OPC UA applications will conform to several, but not all of the Profiles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Profiles and ConformanceUnits are not part of this document, but are solely managed in a public database as described in Clause 1.

IEC 62541-17:2025 provides a definition of AliasNames functionality. AliasNames provide a manner of configuring and exposing an alternate well-defined name for any Node in the system. This is analogous to the way domain names are used as an alias to IP addresses in IP networks. Like a DNS Server, an OPC UA Server that supports AliasNames provides a lookup Method that will translate an AliasName to a NodeId of the related Node on a Server. An aggregating Server can collect these AliasNames from multiple Servers and provide a lookup Method to allow Client applications to discover NodeIds on a system wide basis. An aggregating Server could also define AliasNames for Nodes in other Servers that do not support AliasNames. A GDS can be constructed that would automatically aggregate all AliasNames that are defined on any Server that has registered with the GDS. In this case, the GDS also provides the lookup mechanism for Clients at a well-known endpoint and address.

IEC TS 61851-27:2026, in combination with IEC 61851-1 or IEC 61851-23, gives the requirements for EV supply equipment with automatic docking and undocking functions (aEVSE) of a vehicle coupler according to IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1 for power transfer with electrically propelled road vehicles according to ISO TS 5474-5.
Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector are under consideration.
This document only applies to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 1: using vehicle couplers defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document only specifies automatic conductive energy transfer using a vehicle connector and a vehicle inlet; it does not specify automatic conductive power transfer using a plug and a socket-outlet.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic coupler of category 3 (see IEC TS 61851-26).
EMC requirements for EV supply equipment are defined in IEC 61851-21-2.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance

This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics.
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye.
NOTE            This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.

IEC 61290-1-2:2026 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified sub-systems. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based on either rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and planar optical waveguides (POWAs). This document does not apply to polarization-maintaining optical amplifiers. This document defines uniform requirements for accurate and reliable measurements, by means of the electrical spectrum analyzer test method, of the following OA parameters, as defined in IEC 61291-1, Clause 3:
a) nominal output signal power;
b) gain;
c) reverse gain;
d) maximum gain;
e) polarization-dependent gain.
In addition, this test method provides a means for measuring the following parameters:
- maximum gain wavelength;
- gain wavelength band.
This document specifically covers single-channel amplifiers. For multichannel amplifiers, the IEC 61290-10 series applies.
NOTE 1 The applicability of the test methods described in this document to distributed Raman amplifiers is for further study.
NOTE 2 A test method for polarization-maintaining optical amplifiers is for further study.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of information on the applicability of this document to the scope;
b) harmonization of the scope with the IEC 61290-1 series;
c) addition of safety recommendations to Clause 4 and Clause 5;
d) correction of an error in Clause 7, item e);
e) replacement of the term "wavelength measurement accuracy" with "wavelength accuracy".

This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of heavy extraneous materials (HEM) larger than 3,15 mm by the use of sink-and-float separation combined with elutriation. This document is applicable to woody biomass in accordance with ISO 17225-1, and especially for hogfuel in accordance with ISO 17225-9.
NOTE 1        This method is designed to determine the level of impurities larger than 3,15 mm with a specific density >1 g/cm3, such as stones, glass, rubber, metal and certain types of plastics.
NOTE 2        During the processing of the sample, hand sorting of light impurities with a specific density ≤1 g/cm3 (e.g. plastic foil) can also be done.
NOTE 3        Some heavy extraneous materials (e.g. lumps of clay) can fall apart when submerged in water.
NOTE 4        Heavy extraneous materials smaller than 3,15 mm can damage milling equipment, when reducing the material in size to produce laboratory samples.

ISO 9073-11 describes test methods for measuring the quantity of test liquid (simulated urine) which runs down a nonwoven test piece when a specified mass of test liquid is poured on to the nonwoven test piece superimposed on a standard absorbent media and placed on an inclined plane.
This test method is designed to compare run-off of nonwovens. It is not intended to simulate in-use conditions of finished products.
Three alternative methods are described:
Test I -- the basic method for testing hydrophilic nonwovens;
Test III -- the repeated test, with the same test parameters as in I);
Test III -- the modified method for testing hydrophobic nonwovens specifying another table inclination than in I).

1.1   General
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing nondestructive testing (NDT), nondestructive inspection (NDI), or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE.
In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual has met specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.3 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval.
1.2   Purpose
1.2.1   Applicability
This document applies to personnel who:
-   use NDT methods or equipment to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies;
-   are directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods and equipment used;
-   operate automatic interpretation or evaluation systems;
-   approve NDT procedures or work instructions;
-   audit NDT facilities; or
-   provide technical NDT support or training.
This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3. See Clause 8 regarding applicability to personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments.
1.2.2   Implementation
This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified per Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS410/EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires.
1.2.3   NDT methods
This document contains detailed requirements for the following NDT methods:
eddy current testing   (ET)
penetrant testing   (PT)
magnetic particle testing   (MT)
radiographic testing   (RT)
shearography testing   (ST)
thermographic testing   (IRT)
ultrasonic testing   (UT)
When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, sub-assembly or assembly. Such methods can include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission, neutron radiography, leak testing, and holography.

This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.

This document specifies the execution, validation, verification and documentation of a numerical welding simulation within the field of computational welding mechanics (CWM) and performed with a scientific computational tool (SCT).
This document is applicable to the thermal and mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) of arc, laser and electron beam welding processes for the purpose of calculating the effects of welding processes, and in particular, residual stresses and distortion, in support of structural integrity assessment.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of snagging resistance of a fabric using a mace (spiked ball).
This test method is applicable to knitted and to woven fabrics.

This document specifies a specific method for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of thermoplastics pipes and fittings. It includes the adaption of method B 50 of ISO 306:2022 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h and the procedure for specimen preparation.
It includes the particular test conditions for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of unplasticized poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U) or chlorinated poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-C) pipes and fittings, for high impact resistance poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-HI) pipes and for acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylic ester (ASA) pipes and fittings.
This document can also be used for pipes and fittings from other materials (e.g. PE-UHMW).

This document provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). This document identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards.
“Hydrogen” in this document means protium (the most common isotope of hydrogen) (1H), not deuterium (2H) or tritium (3H).

IEC TS 61851-26:2026, in combination with IEC 61851-1 or IEC 61851-23, gives the requirements for EV supply equipment with automatic docking and undocking functions (aEVSE) at the underbody of electrically propelled road vehicles according to ISO TS 5474-5.
Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector or a single socket-outlet.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector or more than one socket-outlet are under consideration.
This document only applies to automatic couplers of category 3, located at the underbody of an electric vehicle.
This document does not apply to automatic coupler of category 1: using a vehicle coupler defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document does not apply to automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696. EN 50696 also specifies automatic couplers located at the underbody of an electric vehicle. However, these couplers only provide DC power transfer.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.

IEC 63378-6:2026 specifies a thermal resistance and capacitance model for semiconductor packages. This model is named the digital transformation using thermal resistance and capacitance (DXRC) model. It predicts transient temperature at junction and measurement points.
This document applies to semiconductor packages such as TO-252, TO-263, and HSOP. It supports single chip packages dissipated heat from single package surface.

IEC 63494-1:2026 specifies the safety requirements for electro-mechanical interfaces connecting lighting system devices to luminaires. These interfaces are used to mechanically connect, electrically power, and enable communication of lighting system devices on luminaires. Electro-mechanical interfaces up to and including 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC are included. This document specifies safety related mechanical, electrical, ambient conditions, and construction requirements for the interface components including protective covers. Specific requirements for the devices that can utilize the interface such as sensors, communication modules, cameras, etc., are not within the scope of this document.

IEC 63601:2026 covers SiC-based PECS devices having a gate dielectric region biased to turn devices on and off. This typically refers to MOS devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs. In this document, only NMOS (N-type MOS) devices are discussed as these are dominant for power device applications; however, the procedures apply to PMOS (P-type MOS) devices as well.
This document does not define device failure criteria, acceptable use conditions or acceptable lifetime targets. That is up to the device manufacturers and users. However, it provides stress procedures such that the threshold voltage stability over time as affected by gate bias and temperature can be demonstrated and evaluated.

IEC TS 62885-1:2026 specifies the physical characteristics of test equipment and material used in tests common to several products covered by IEC 62285 series for surface cleaning appliances. In addition, it provides guidance regarding the evaluation of Wilton and other types of carpets to determine their acceptability for testing and regarding the pre-treatment of test dust.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2020.
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Almost all of the test equipment is adopted from IEC 62885-2:2021.
b) Test equipment and materials for wet cleaning is included.
c) A description of the verification of an in-house reference vacuum cleaner is added.
d) Information about the reference vacuum cleaner system RSB is added.

IEC TS 60825-13:2026 provides manufacturers, test houses, safety personnel, and others with practical guidance on methods to perform radiometric measurements or analyses to establish the emission level of laser energy or power in accordance with IEC 60825-1:2014. The measurement procedures described in this document are guidance for classification of laser products in accordance with IEC 60825‑1:2014. It is possible that other procedures are better or more appropriate.
Information is provided for calculating accessible emission limits (AELs) and maximum permissible exposures (MPEs), since some parameters used in calculating the limits are dependent upon other measured quantities.
This document applies to lasers, including extended sources and laser arrays. The procedures described in this document for extended source viewing conditions can yield more conservative results than when using more rigorous methods.
NOTE Work continues on more complex source evaluations and will be provided as international agreement on the methods is reached.
This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC TR 60825-13 published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TR 60825-13:2011:
a) minor changes and additions have been made in the definitions;
b) classification flow has been updated;
c) apparent source sections have been clarified;
d) scanning has been updated;
e) more examples and useful conversions have been added to the annexes.

IEC 60704-2-19:2026 applies to stationary freestanding and wall-mounted air cleaners for domestic and similar use, supplied from mains, d.c. voltage not exceeding 48 V or batteries. This document includes combination products, where air cleaning is combined with for example humidification, but can be used only for the air cleaning function.
This Part 2-19 is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60704-1:2021, Household and similar electrical appliances - Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise - Part 1: General requirements.

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
4.2 The acceptance criteria shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice for ultrasonic examination covers turbine and generator steel rotor forgings covered by Specifications A469/A469M, A470/A470M, A768/A768M, and A940/A940M. This practice shall be used for contact testing only.  
1.2 This practice describes a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting turbine and generator rotor forgings. It does not restrict the use of other ultrasonic methods such as reference block calibrations when required by the applicable procurement documents nor is it intended to restrict the use of new and improved ultrasonic test equipment and methods as they are developed.  
1.3 This practice is intended to provide a means of inspecting cylindrical forgings so that the inspection sensitivity at the forging center line or bore surface is constant, independent of the forging or bore diameter. To this end, inspection sensitivity multiplication factors have been computed from theoretical analysis, with experimental verification. These are plotted in Fig. 1 (bored rotors) and Fig. 2 (solid rotors), for a true inspection frequency of 2.25 MHz, and an acoustic velocity of 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s]. Means of converting to other sensitivity levels are provided in Fig. 3. (Sensitivity multiplication factors for other frequencies may be derived in accordance with X1.1 and X1.2 of Appendix X1.)  
FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
1.4 Considerable verification data for this method have been generated which indicate that even under controlled conditions very significant uncertainties may exist in estimating natural discontinuities in terms of minimum equivalent size flat-bottom holes. The possibility exists that the estimated minimum areas of natural discontinuities in terms of minimum areas of the comparison flat-bottom holes may differ by 20 dB (factor of 10) in terms of actual areas of natural discontinuities. This magnitude of inaccuracy does not apply to all results but should be recognized as a possibility. Rigid control of the actual frequency used, the coil bandpass width if tuned instruments are used, and so forth, tend to reduce the overall inaccuracy which is apt to develop.  
1.5 This practice for inspection applies to solid cylindrical forgings having outer diameters of not less than 2.5 in. [64 mm] nor greater than 100 in. [2540 mm]. It also applies to cylindrical forgings with concentric cylindrical bores having wall thicknesses of 2.5 [64 mm] in. or greater, within the same outer diameter limits as for solid cylinders. For solid sections less than 15 in. [380 mm] in diameter and for bored cylinders of less than 7.5 in. [190 mm] wall thickness the transducer used for the inspection will be different than the transducer used for larger sections.  
1.6 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following physical properties of coal tar primer: water content, consistency, specific gravity, matter insoluble in benzene, distillation, and coke residue content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall consist of a noncombustible water-resistant gypsum core, surfaced with glass mat, partially or completely embedded in the core, and with a water-resistant coating on one surface. The specimens shall be tested for flexural strength, humidified deflection, core hardness, end hardness, edge hardness, nail pull resistance, water resistance, and surface water absorption. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall have surfaces true and free of imperfections that render the panel unfit for its designed use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGS-0333128vf40

RTS/TSGR-0534229-1vf30