Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies system level functionalities for the communication of interactive audio-visual scenes, i.e. the coded representation of information related to the management of data streams (synchronization, identification, description and association of stream content).

This document specifies syntax, semantics, and decoding for video based dynamic mesh coding (V-DMC), basemesh coding, MPEG edgebreaker static mesh coding, and arithmetic coded displacement. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that can be used for reconstruction of visual volumetric media and also include additional processes such as post-decoding, pre-reconstruction, post-reconstruction, and adaptation.

This part of IEC 61643 applies to surge isolation transformers (SITs) dedicated to surge mitigation and for connection to 50/60 Hz power circuits and equipment rated up to
1 000 V RMS. This document covers the surge and mitigation performance of SITs with an impulse withstand voltage performance of at least 30 kV, and provides standard methods for testing and rating.
This document covers surge-related parameters but does not address typical transformer tests and parameters covered by the IEC 61558 series [13]1. This document also does not cover SIT operation under differential mode lightning surge conditions.

This document specifies the definitions and requirements for buried circular manholes and inspection chambers installed to a maximum depth of 6 m from ground level to the invert of the main channel and manufactured from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene with mineral modifiers (PP-MD) or polyethylene (PE). These products are intended for use in traffic areas and outside the building structure (application area code “U”) for wastewater (foul wastewater, domestic wastewater, surface water). NOTE 1 Products conforming with this document are also suitable in non-traffic areas. This document is only applicable to those chamber/manhole items where the manufacturer has clearly stated in the documentation how the components must be assembled to create a complete manhole or inspection chamber. The products covered by this document comprise the following: products providing access to the drain or sewer systems by means of inspection and cleaning equipment. products designated as manholes providing additionally human access to the drain or sewer systems. NOTE 2 Manholes and inspection chambers can be subject to national regulations and/or local provisions. NOTE 3 Products conforming with this document can be installed in underground applications without additional static calculations.

This document gives guidance to organizations on planning for and addressing occupational health and safety (OH&S) risks arising from climate change and climate change action, including:
— OH&S risks which arise as a result of climate change adaptation efforts, including changing ways of working and work processes, and infrastructure upgrades;
— OH&S risks arising from climate change mitigation actions;
— OH&S opportunities arising from both climate change adaptation and mitigation actions.
This document is applicable to all organizations taking a systematic approach to addressing OH&S risks arising from climate change. It is applicable to organizations of all sizes including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

This document specifies the methodology for the design, planning, and execution of an interlaboratory study (ILS) and calculation of precision estimates of a test method specified by the study. In particular:
it defines the relevant statistical terms,
it specifies the procedures to be adopted in the planning and execution of an ILS to determine the precision of a test method, and
it specifies the method of calculating the precision from the results of such a study.
The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum related products, which are normally considered as homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this document can also be applied to other types of homogeneous products.

This document specifies the Open Font Format (OFF) specification, including the TrueType and Compact Font Format (CFF) outline formats. Many references to both TrueType and PostScript exist throughout this document, as Open Font Format fonts combine the two technologies. The document defines data structures for various font tables and provides the necessary details for developers to build a font rendering and text layout/shaping engines in compliance with this document.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation, by means of renovation and trenchless replacement, of underground gas supply networks. It is applicable to polyethylene (PE) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline. This document is applicable to the following technique families for renovation, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: lining with continuous pipes; lining with close-fit pipes. This document is applicable to the following technique families for trenchless replacement, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: pipe bursting and pipe extraction; horizontal directional drilling and impact moling. This document is applicable to: PE solid wall single layered pipes (nominal outside diameter, dn), including any identification stripes; PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn), as specified in Annex D, where all layers have the same minimum required strength (MRS) rating. Furthermore, when used with lining with continuous pipes and trenchless replacement, this document is applicable to: PE coated pipes (outside diameter, dn) having a peelable, contiguous, thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe (“coated pipe”), as specified in Annex D. NOTE When used with lining with close-fit lining pipes, the lining pipe is reduced in the factory or on site to provide a close-fitting independent or interactive pressure pipe liner. This document is applicable to jointing by means of butt fusion and electrofusion and to fabricated and injection-moulded fittings and mechanical connections of PE. This document is not applicable to push-fit jointed discrete pipes assembled as part of the trenchless installation process.

This document specifies the methodology for applying precision estimates of a test method derived from the processes specified in ISO 4259-1. In particular, it specifies the procedures for setting the property specification limits based upon test method precision where the property is determined using a specific test method, and determines the specification conformance status when there are conflicting results between supplier and receiver. Other applications of this test method precision are briefly described in principle without the associated procedures.
The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum-related products, which are normally homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this document can also be applied to other types of homogeneous products.
This document is not applicable to non-homogenous products.

This document describes methods for the determination of sulfur and chlorine content in solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon and specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The determination of other elements such as fluorine and bromine are also possible with the methods in this document, however performance data for these elements are not provided. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this document, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in this document.

IEC TS 63346-2-2:2026 provides common rules and specific requirements for the design of low voltage DC auxiliary power systems (APSs) intended to be installed in substations, mainly covering the configuration of DC power sources, system wiring, electric equipment selection and physical layout. For the purpose of interpreting this document, a DC APS in this document is considered as follows.
Its scope covers from the low voltage AC input of the charger to the DC input points of loads. Though DC load is discussed where necessary, the load itself is beyond the scope of this document.
Unless particularly stated, DC APS refers to the system using lead-acid and nickel-cadmium cells which are connected in series. The system using parallel cells can implement this document by reference.
Substations in this document refer to those which are part of an electrical system and contain equipment that either receives and distributes electrical energy or transforms voltages to the levels required by the loads they supply, or both.
This document does not apply to the design of any of the following: traction substation, which have different power supply requirements, such as unbalanced load power supply and harmonic behaviour;
offshore substations, as factors such as waves, typhoons, salt spray, etc. need to be taken into account, which have different requirements for power supply and equipment selection; the substation connecting a nuclear power plant to the grid and its associated LV APS integrated with the nuclear power plant.

IEC 60335-2-2:2026 deals with the safety of electric vacuum cleaners and water suction cleaning appliances for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single phase (AC) supplied appliances, direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances and 480 V for multi-phase centrally-sited vacuum cleaners. This standard also applies to vacuum cleaners for animal grooming, centrally-sited vacuum cleaners, and automatic battery-operated cleaners.
This standard also applies to spray extraction appliances in which
– the pressure of the employed liquid solution does not exceed 2,5 MPa;
– the product of the pressure (in MPa) and the flow of liquid solution (in litres per minute) do not exceed 100; and
– the temperature of the liquid solution at the spray nozzle outlet does not exceed 60 °C.
This standard also applies to vacuum cleaners and water suction cleaning appliances provided with a blowing function or inflating function.
This standard also applies to motorized cleaning heads and current-carrying hoses associated with a particular vacuum cleaner or water suction cleaning appliance.
Appliances not intended for normal household use, but which nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laypersons in shops and other premises for normal housekeeping purposes, are within the scope of this standard.
Examples of appliances for household use are appliances for typical housekeeping functions used in the household environment that can also be used by non-expert users for typical intermittent housekeeping functions:
– in shops, schools and other similar working environments;
– in farm houses;
– by clients in hotels, motels and other residential type environments;
– in bed and breakfast type environments.
Household environments include the dwelling and its associated buildings, the garden, etc.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not take into account
– persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour, the national water supply authorities and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– appliances intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas);
– wet and dry vacuum cleaners, including power brush, for commercial use (IEC 60335-2-69);
– floor treatment and wet scrubbing machines, including rug shampooers, for household and similar use (IEC 60335-2-10);
– hand-held mains-operated garden blowers, vacuums and blower vacuums (IEC 60335 2 100, IEC 62841-4-6);
– spray extraction machines for commercial use (IEC 60335-2-68);
– high-pressure cleaners and steam cleaners (with a rated pressure not less than 2,5 MPa) (IEC 60335-2-79);
– appliances having vacuum-pressure functions for skin care (IEC 60335-2-115).
This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
– alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
– conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1);
– addition of multi-phase central vacuum cleaners to the scope (Clause 1);
–

This document provides a framework for data use in smart cities, based on five dimensions: data availability (data are available); data quality assurance (data are useful); ease of data use (data are easy to use); data use security (data are used securely); data-enabled innovation (data are used for enabling intelligent applications and services). This framework is intended to facilitate effective, sustainable, comprehensive and innovative use of data as citywide strategic resources and assets.

This document specifies a test method for the sampling and analysis of airborne organic isocyanate (NCO) compounds in workplace air. The method covers organic compounds containing free isocyanate functional groups, including monomeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric and polymeric isocyanates, and addresses the measurement of total isocyanate groups in air samples collected for the assessment of occupational exposure. The method is suitable for personal air sampling in the breathing zone for the determination of time-weighted average concentrations over sampling periods ranging from approximately 10 min to 8 h, although it can be applied to shorter sampling periods with high isocyanate air levels. It can also be used for background or fixed-location air sampling; however, due to aerodynamic effects, samplers designed for personal sampling do not necessarily exhibit the same collection characteristics when used for other purposes. It covers the measurement of airborne organic isocyanates over a concentration range of approximately 0,1 µg/m3 to 140 µg/m3 for a nominal air sample volume of 15 l; under the conditions specified in this document, typical qualitative and quantitative detection limits correspond to approximately 0,07 µg/m3 and 0,3 µg/m3, respectively, for a 15 l air sample. This document does not apply to the simultaneous determination of isocyanates and amines, nor to modified methods employing alternative sampling devices or detection techniques not described in this document.

This document specifies a calculation method to determine the thermal transmittance (U value) of glass with flat and parallel surfaces. This document applies to uncoated glass (including glass with structured surfaces, e.g. patterned glass), coated glass and materials not transparent in the far infrared which is the case for soda lime glass products, borosilicate glass, glass ceramic, alkaline earth silicate glass and alumino silicate glass. It applies also to multiple glazing comprising such glasses or materials, or both. It does not apply to multiple glazing which include in the gas space sheets or foils that are far infrared transparent. Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) is excluded from the scope of this document. To determine the U value of VIG, reference can be made to ISO 10291 or ISO 19916-1. The procedure specified in this document determines the U value in the central area of glazing. The edge effects due to the thermal bridge through the spacer of an insulating glass unit or through the window frame are not included. Furthermore, energy transfer due to solar radiation is not taken into account. The effects of Georgian and other bars are excluded from the scope of this document. NOTE ISO 10077-1 provides a methodology for calculating the overall U value of windows, doors and shutters, taking account of the U value calculated for the glass components according to this document. Also excluded from the calculation methodology are any effects due to gases that absorb infrared radiation in the 5 µm to 50 µm range.

IEC 61300-2-2:2026 evaluates the effects of a number of successive cycles of mating and un-mating of fibre optic connectors or other interconnecting devices on optical performance and mechanical degradation of the component under normal usage conditions.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definition of the mating durability test also for a plug-receptacle configuration of the device under test (DUT);
b) deletion of measurement condition B;
c) definition of a unique measurement condition;
d) addition of performance categories in the severities;
e) introduction of new severity levels for connectors and hardened connectors;
f) definition of new cleaning criteria during mating durability test;
g) deletion of performance category E in the severities.

IEC TS 62607-4-9:2026, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method for assembling
• coin-cell EDLCs
in order to characterize the electrochemical key control characteristic of carbon nanomaterials.
The coin-cell EDLC is fabricated through sequential steps: electrode slurry preparation (mixing), coating, rolling, cutting, weighing, and final assembly.
• The document specifies the assembly process and data recording.
• The document is applicable for carbon nanomaterials used in EDLC as active material or conductive agents, such as nanoporous activated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube, carbon black, graphene, nano graphite sheet, vapour-grown carbon fibre and so on.
• Typical application areas of this method are research, manufacturer and downstream user to guide material processing and quality control

IEC 603352-120:2024 deals with the safety of appliances for generation of directly inhalable aerosols, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances, and other appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances.
Examples of the appliances that are within the scope of this standard are:
- vapour and aerosol appliances;
- personal vaping appliances with or without nicotine;
- electronic cigarettes;
- electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS);
- electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS);
- electronic tobacco heating appliances for heated tobacco products.
This standard does not apply to:
- medical ventilators,
- humidifiers (IEC 60335-2-98).
These requirements do not cover the consumables, such as e-liquids and other inhaled aerosol substances, wicks, and other particulate matter inhaled during use, nor do they cover substances in the emissions from the operation of the appliances. For example, heavy metal emissions in the aerosol and environmental exposure are not covered by this standard. These requirements do not consider the physiological effects of any consumable used with the appliances. This International Standard does not cover requirements or prohibitions of the labelling, packaging and contents of nicotine-containing or nicotine-consuming products that are strictly regulated by law of the relevant jurisdiction.

This document specifies a general framework, including principles, requirements and guidance for assessing, measuring, monitoring and reporting on investments and financing activities in relation to climate change and the transition into a low-carbon economy. The assessment includes the following items:
the alignment (or lack thereof) of investment and financing decisions taken by the financier with low-carbon transition pathways, adaptation pathways, and climate goals;
the impact of actions through the financier’s investment and lending decisions towards the achievement of climate goals in the real economy, i.e. mitigation (greenhouse gas emissions) and adaptation (resilience);
the risks to owners of financial assets (e.g. private equities, listed stocks, bonds, loans) arising from climate change.
To support the financier’s assessment of the impact of investment and lending decisions, this document provides guidance for the financier on how to:
set targets and determine metrics to be used for tracking progress related to the low-carbon transition pathways of investees;
determine low-carbon transition and adaptation trajectories of investees;
document the causality or linkage between its climate action and its outputs, outcomes and impacts.
This document is applicable to financiers, i.e. investors and lenders. It guides their reporting activities to the following third parties: shareholders, clients, policymakers, financial supervisory authorities and non-governmental organizations.

This document specifies requirements and guidance for production assurance and reliability management as applicable to the assets and operations associated with exploration drilling, exploitation, processing and transport of petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas resources. It covers the assets and associated activities for upstream, midstream, downstream and petrochemical business categories. It focuses on the production assurance of oil and gas with respect to production and associated activities and covers the analysis of reliability and maintenance of the equipment. This includes a variety of associated systems and equipment in the oil and gas value chain. Production assurance addresses not only hydrocarbon production, but also associated activities such as drilling, pipeline installation and subsea intervention.
The document also supports production assurance and reliability management for lower carbon energy assets and associated operations, e.g. carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen, ammonia, and wind energy. It describes the processes, activities, requirements and guidelines for systematic management, effective planning, execution and use of production assurance and reliability technology.
This document defines 12 processes, of which seven are denoted as core production assurance processes and addressed in this document. The remaining five processes are denoted as interacting processes and while they are outside the scope of this document, information is provided as to how they relate to production assurance and reliability management. The relationship of the core production assurance processes with these interacting processes, however, is within the scope of this document as the flow of information to and from these latter processes is required to ensure that production assurance requirements are fulfilled.
The document specifies how to establish and execute a production assurance programme (PAP) and a reliability management programme (RMP).
This document lists processes and activities that can be initiated to add value for the stakeholder (e.g. operator), where the selected process can depend on their business strategy and application area.
This document is intended for the following users and associated activities by their personnel:
Operators: Production assurance and reliability management activities. Related activities include project management and control, technology development, technology qualification, concept and system design, risk management (including HSE), integrity management, and maintenance management.
Contractors: Activities by the main contractor for engineering, procurement, construction, drilling, installation, operation, maintenance services, etc.
Vendors: Activities by manufacturer or supplier related to equipment design and quality management, technology development and qualification.
Authorities: Activities by regulatory bodies to ensure HSE, resource utilization and economic efficiency in operations.
Consultants: Consultancy services aimed at supporting production assurance and reliability management.
Universities: Activities associated with educating industry professionals, as well as conducting fundamental or applied research projects, when related to production assurance, reliability management, and technology development. This includes improvement of the methods and frameworks described herein.
Research institutions: Research activities related to production assurance, reliability management, and technology development. This includes equipment qualification testing and advanced engineering assessments using the methods and frameworks described herein.

This document specifies the maximum percentage content of alloying elements and impurities present in wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys which are fabricated into materials and articles designed to be in contact with foodstuff. It contains provisions for the demonstration of conformity of products with the present standard.
NOTE    Materials include semi-finished products. Articles are finished goods.

This document classifies denture adhesives used by wearers of removable dentures. It also specifies requirements, test methods and instructions to be supplied for the use of such products.
This document is applicable to denture adhesives for use by the consumer and excludes the dental lining materials prescribed or applied by dental professionals.

IEC TS 62607-4-10:2026, which is a Technical Specification, establishes standardized methods to determine the electrochemical key control characteristics, including:
• specific capacitance, voltage maintenance rate, endurance in cycling and temperature endurance of carbon nanomaterials by determining the standard coin-type EDLC.
The electrochemical key control characteristics are derived by calculating the recording curve at the specific charging and discharging process.
• The document is applicable for coin-type EDLC assembled from carbon nanomaterials, such as nanoporous activated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube, carbon black, graphene, nano graphite sheet, vapor-grown carbon fibre and so on.
• Typical application areas of this method are research, manufacturer and downstream use to guide material processing and quality control.

IEC 62885-2:2026 is applicable for measurements of the performance of mains-operated and cordless dry vacuum cleaners, including water filter vacuum cleaners for household or similar use. Table D.1 of Annex D is applicable to measurements of the performance of cordless dry vacuum cleaners for household use or under conditions similar to those in households. The results obtained under this annex are intended to be comparable to the results obtained for mains-operated vacuum cleaners. The purpose of Annex D is to specify additional requirements for measurements of cordless dry vacuum cleaners. Cleaning robots are evaluated to IEC/ASTM 62885-7. Handheld dry vacuum cleaners are excluded, except for 5.10.2 and 5.11. Measurements of the performance of mains-operated commercial dry vacuum cleaners are found in IEC 62885-8. The purpose of this document is to specify essential performance characteristics of dry vacuum cleaners which are of interest to users and to describe methods for measuring these characteristics. Due to the influence of environmental conditions, variations in time, origin of test materials and proficiency of the operator, some of the described test methods will give more reliable results when applied for comparative testing of a number of appliances at the same time, in the same laboratory and by the same operator. The methods here can be applied with modifications for surface-cleaning product types or technologies not currently covered within the scope. For safety requirements, reference is made to IEC 60335-1:2020 and IEC 60335-2-2. A recommendation on information for the consumer at the point of sale is given in Annex B. This third edition of IEC 62885-2 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) relocation of RSB annexes to IEC TS 62885-1;
b) relocation of remaining test materials, test dust, and equipment to IEC TS 62885-1;
c) reduced number of test strokes from 5 double strokes to 3 double strokes except as specifically required;
d) relocated requirements for cordless products, except for battery-related items, from IEC 62885-4 to a new Annex D;
e) added definition and instructions for a universal dry nozzle;
f) relocated air data equipment to IEC TS 62885-1, relocated formulae to 5.11, and made revisions to air data requirements;
g) relocated dust re-emission equipment to IEC TS 62885-1.

IEC 62228-7:2026 specifies test and measurement methods for the EMC evaluation of CXPI transceiver ICs under network condition. It defines test configurations, test conditions, test signals, failure criteria, test procedures, test setups and test boards. This specification is applicable for standard CXPI transceiver ICs and ICs with embedded CXPI transceiver and covers:
- the emission of RF disturbances;
- the immunity against RF disturbances;
- the immunity against impulses;
- the immunity against electrostatic discharges (ESD).
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) change transceiver terms and definitions from master to commander and slave to responder in 3.1.5 and 3.1.6.
b) change test configuration for embedded transceiver in 5.3.1 and add on Figure A.4 accordingly.
c) change the definition of TX2 test signal for Type-B transceiver in 5.4.2.
d) add examples for test limits in Annex C.

This document is applicable to safety-related electronic systems using for digital communication purposes a transmission system which was not necessarily designed for safety-related applications. For transmission systems where the risk of unauthorized access is not negligible, the document defines the interface to the applicable cybersecurity standards. Both safety-related equipment and non-safety-related equipment can be connected to the transmission system. This document gives the specific requirements needed to achieve safety-related communication between safety-related equipment connected to the transmission system, while the general system requirements including allocation of safety requirements and content of the safety case are defined in EN 50129. This document is not applicable to existing systems which had already been accepted prior to the release of this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to existing systems, subsystems and equipment. This document does not specify: - the transmission system; - equipment connected to the transmission system; - solutions (e.g. for interoperability); - which kind of data are safety-related and which are not. A safety-related equipment connected through an open transmission system can be subjected to many different cybersecurity threats, against which an overall program is defined encompassing management, technical and operational aspects.

IEC 80601-2-52:2026 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of MEDICAL BEDS as defined in 201.3.214, intended for ADULTS as defined in 201.3.222. Included in the scope are both electrical and non-electrical (manual) MEDICAL BEDS with or without adjustable functions. This document is applicable to either a BED-LIFT or a detachable MATTRESS SUPPORT PLATFORM or both. The combination of BED-LIFT or a detachable MATTRESS SUPPORT PLATFORM with a compatible non-MEDICAL BED as specified by the MANUFACTURER is also considered a MEDICAL BED. This document does not apply to: - MEDICAL BEDS for CHILDREN and ADULTS with atypical anatomies (ADULTS ranging outside the definition for ADULTS in 202.3.222) covered by IEC 80601-2-89; - SPECIALITY MATTRESS covered by ISO 20342 series; - devices for which the INTENDED USE is mainly for examination or transportation under medical supervision (e.g. stretcher, examination table); - all requirements for MEDICAL BEDS with special functionality. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to a MEDICAL BED only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to MEDICAL BED and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. HAZARDS inherent in the intended physiological function of MEDICAL BED or ME SYSTEMS within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020.

This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength, the corresponding compressive strain, the compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.
Two procedures are specified. Procedure A and Procedure B.
Procedure A utilizes the compression plate displacement for the nominal property determination. It is used to determine:
compressive strength and the corresponding nominal compressive strain;
compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain;
nominal compressive modulus.
Procedure B uses an extensometer and determines the conventional properties. It is used to determine:
compressive strength and the corresponding compressive strain;
compressive modulus.

This document specifies principles and requirements and gives guidance on environmental product declaration (EPD) programmes and their associated EPDs. This document specifies the use of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 on life cycle assessment (LCA) in the development of EPDs.
This document is applicable to EPD programmes and their associated EPDs that are intended to address the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products, and which can also include related social and economic aspects in support of sustainable development.
NOTE 1        This document does not deal with social or economic LCA indicators.
NOTE 2        Related social and economic aspects of the products can be reported as additional sustainability-related information, where relevant and available.
This document provides requirements and guidance for the communication of the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products to the intended audience of the EPD.
This document does not apply to sector-specific provisions, which are dealt with in other ISO documents. It is intended that sector-specific provisions in other ISO documents related to EPDs are based on and use the principles, requirements and guidance of this document.

This document establishes principles, specifies requirements and gives guidance on self-declared environmental claims about products and their environmental statement programmes, including claims that also cover related social and economic aspects that are affected by environmental conditions or the environmental performance of a product.
This document defines selected terms commonly used in self-declared environmental claims and provides qualifications for their use, as well as describing the documentation and methodologies required for assessing self-declared environmental claims.
This document is applicable to self-declared environmental claims that predominantly take the form of words, but can also be symbols or graphics on product or package labels, or appear in product literature, technical bulletins, advertising and publicity, including on digital platforms.

This document specifies the required characteristics, inspection and test methods, quality assurance and delivery conditions, for P, Q and saddle clamps with rubber cushion, used for aerospace applications.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for powered polymerization activators in the 380 nm to 515 nm wavelength region intended for chairside use in polymerization of dental polymer-based materials.
This document is applicable to quartz-tungsten-halogen lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Powered polymerization activators can be powered by an internal power supply (rechargeable battery powered) or can be powered by external (mains) power or can be powered by a dental unit. Lasers or plasma arc devices are not covered by this document.
This document does not apply to powered polymerization activators used in laboratory fabrication of indirect restorations, veneers, dentures or other oral dental appliances.

This document specifies the methods, parameter sets and models to develop and utilize a data package for a part created using AM technologies (AM part). This document is applicable to the information requirements associated with workflow of the fabrication of an AM part, from design to acceptance. Peripheral information related to entities such as organization, facility, operator, security, and others is addressed for sake of completeness; but is not the focus of this document and can be defined elsewhere. This document provides the means to develop an organizational or application-specific data package for the communication between and amongst the designer, the manufacturer, and all acceptance authorities, among other potential stakeholders.
This document does not impose a plan of execution to produce an AM part, though a digital thread is provided to establish a referenceable information workflow.
The requirements set forth in this document are based on the fabrication of a part using the PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion-laser based/metal) process. While specific details directly relate to PBF-LB/M, generalized workflow requirements can be related to any AM process.

This document specifies optical and non-optical requirements and the test methods for anti-reflective and hydrophobic properties of coatings on spectacle lenses.
This document does not apply to the following topics:
requirements and test methods incorporated in other ISO 8980 series standards;
the colour of the reflected light.

This document gives guidance on the development of a facility management (FM) organization working on the strategic, tactical and operational management levels to:
satisfy the needs and objectives of the demand organization and users of its facility;
meet the needs of stakeholders and applicable FM requirements consistently;
provide a safe, healthy, secure and efficient environment that enhances the workplace experience for users;
protect the asset value and resource value of the facility;
provide appropriately specified, responsive and cost-effective facility services;
implement measures to minimize the impact of climate change on the facility;
contribute to goals and targets consistent with sustainable development;
improve the usefulness and benefits provided by the FM system.

IEC/IEEE 62395-1:2024 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes, apart from general revisions of IEC 62395-1 and harmonization with IEEE 515 [1] and IEEE 515.1 [2], with respect to the previous edition: a) Added control and monitoring requirements for fire sprinkler systems and safety showers. b) Provided a supplemental ice bath method for verification of rated output. c) Provided constructional and type test requirements for glands used to terminate heating devices to an exposed enclosure.

IEC/IEEE 62395-2:2024 provides detailed recommendations for the system design, installation, maintenance and repair of electrical resistance trace heating systems in industrial and commercial applications. This document does not include or provide for any applications in potentially explosive atmospheres. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 62395-2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This standard includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62395-2:2013: a) Design considerations for trace heating on sprinkler systems have been expanded and a figure has been added to illustrate how to avoid undue shadowing of spray patterns from insulated sprigs close to sprinkler heads; b) Specific details of design considerations for trace heating for emergency eyewash units and safety showers have been added.

IEC 61643-361:2026 applies to surge isolation transformers (SITs) dedicated to surge mitigation and for connection to 50/60 Hz power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS. This document covers the surge and mitigation performance of SITs with an impulse withstand voltage performance of at least 30 kV, and provides standard methods for testing and rating. This document covers surge-related parameters but does not address typical transformer tests and parameters covered by the IEC 61558 series [13][1]. This document also does not cover SIT operation under differential mode lightning surge conditions. [1] Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

IEC 63230:2026 applies to runners of reaction turbines, regardless of their size and capacity. These can include radial turbines such as Francis turbines, axial turbines such as Kaplan and propeller turbines, as well as diagonal turbines, in all possible configurations. In the case of turbine runners with adjustable blades, the internal mechanical components of the blades' adjustment mechanism are excluded from this document. Pelton turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines are not covered in this first edition, even though several topics are applicable to these types of hydraulic machines. Specificities and applicability to Pelton turbine and pump-turbines will be discussed in a later revision of the standard This document outlines the methodologies for conducting a fatigue assessment of turbine runners. It encompasses several key aspects, such as defining the load events to be considered during the assessment, determining stresses for each of these load events, as well as the detailed approaches for assessing fatigue of new and existing runners. Additionally, it includes manufacturing and quality assurance requirements to be complied with to achieve the desired material fatigue properties and effectively apply the proposed fatigue assessment methodologies. This document also contains best practices for performing and analysing on-site strain gauge measurements performed on existing runners to evaluate their fatigue life. The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines to assess fatigue in new and existing turbine runners. It does not specify if a fatigue assessment should be performed or not for a given runner. However, Annex B provides guidance to evaluate the necessity of realizing a fatigue assessment or not for a given new runner. The methods described in this document can also be used for remaining life assessments of in-service runners

IEC 62321-3-1:2026 is available as IEC 62321-3-1:2026 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 62321-3-1:2026 describes the screening analysis of substances, specifically lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), total chromium (Cr), total bromine (Br), total phosphorus (P), assuming the source of P is related to TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8), Trixylyl-phosphate (CAS 25155‑23‑1), total chlorine (Cl), assuming the source of Cl is related to SCCP (CAS 85535‑84‑8), TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8) , TBTC (CAS 1461‑22‑9), total tin (Sn), assuming the source of Sn is related to restricted organo-tin compounds, total antimony (Sb), assuming the source of Sb is related to Pyrochlore, and antimony lead yellow (CAS 8012‑00‑8) in uniform materials found in electrotechnical products, using the analytical technique of X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous editions of IEC 62321-3-1:2013 and IEC 62321:2008: a) This second edition of IEC 62321-3-1 includes the analysis of additional elements as indicators for additional substances. The selection is based on IEC TR 62936:2016. There are also comments about using the same methology for screening for content of critical raw materials (CRMs). This document has been given the status of a horizontal document in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

IEC 62196-3:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2025. This document applies to high power DC interfaces and combined AC/DC interfaces of vehicle couplers that are intended for use in conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-23. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The content of IEC TS 62196-3-1 has been integrated into this document as normative Annex AA. b) increased ratings for all configurations; c) reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1:2025 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).

RTBR/SMG-0019R1

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with specified inclines. The emulsified asphalts are grouped into three types, as follows: Type I, which contains fillers or fibers including asbestos; Type II, which contains fillers or fibers other than asbestos; and Type III, which do not contain any form of fibrous reinforcement. These types are further subdivided into two classes, as follows: Class 1, which is prepared with mineral colloid emulsifying agents; and Class 2, which is prepared with chemical emulsifying agents. Other than consistency and homogeneity of the final products, they shall also conform to specified physical property requirements such as weight, residue by evaporation, ash content of residue, water content flammability, firm set, flexibility, resistance to water, and behavior during heat and direct flame tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with inclines of not less than 4 % or 42 mm/m [1/2 in./ft].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/ITS-00188