This document specifies the conditions to be taken into consideration when calculating the strength and the stability of GSE. It also specifies general test methods.
This part of EN 1915 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2023, EN ISO 31915-3:2026 (for self-propelled GSE) and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, and with the relevant part of EN 12312 to give the requirements for the types of GSE within the scope of EN 12312.
When EN 12312 does not contain a relevant part for a GSE, EN 1915 (all parts) gives general requirements that may apply, although additional machine specific requirements, to be determined by the manufacturer, are likely to be required.
NOTE The methods given in this document demonstrate one way of achieving an acceptable safety level. Methods that produce comparable results can be used.
This document does not establish additional requirements for the following:
a) operation elsewhere than in an airport environment;
b) operation in severe conditions, e.g. ambient temperature below −20 °C or over 50 °C, tropical or saturated salty atmospheric environment;
c) hazards caused by wind velocity in excess of the figures given in this document;
d) earthquake, flood, landslide, lightning and more generally any natural catastrophe.
This document is not applicable to GSE which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this document.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the required characteristics of sealing plugs, class T, for use in elements of electrical and optical connection containing cable (wire) sealing grommets, according to EN 4529-002. It is used together with EN 4529-001.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for free standing and floor fixed steel upright protector and free standing and floor fixed steel frame barriers for adjustable pallet racking.
Frame barriers and upright protectors, according to this document, are not connected to the rack. Frame barriers and upright protectors connected to the racking are excluded from this document.
This document does not apply to:
— devices for traffic routes or drive ways;
— guide rails and guide-ins;
— safety and buffering backstops;
— handrails and stair rails;
— protection from falls at height;
— pick and deposit (P and D) stations;
— protection requirements for dynamic storage; including mobiles;
— protection requirements for crane racking;
— sacrificial legs.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling and the preparation of the test specimens, also the conditions for performing the low temperature tensile test perpendicular to the weld in order to determine the low temperature tensile welding factor.
A low temperature tensile test can be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile creep, macro) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.
The low temperature tensile welding factor and the appearance of the fracture surface provide a guide regarding the ductility of the joint and the quality of the work.
This document is applicable to co-axial or co-planar welded assemblies made from thermoplastics materials filled or unfilled, but not reinforced, irrespective of the welding process used.
This document does not apply to co-axial welded assemblies of an external diameter less than 20 mm.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the terms used in acoustic emission testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, δ, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document.
Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921. However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.
- Standard110 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document contains examples that are relevant for the implementation of EN 16931-1 [2].
Basic scenarios described in the EN 16931-1 [2] are documented but not limited to those scenarios.
Specific more complex scenarios are documented as well.
Examples are documented by means of a full invoice content or a snippet of an invoice, together with a human readable visualization and representation in two syntaxes: UBL (CEN/TS 16931-3-2:2020 [21]) and CII (CEN/TS 16931-3-3:2020 [22]).
- Technical specification166 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for assessment of the mechanical strength of metal profiles incorporating a thermal barrier having mechanical performance depending on their intended use.
It also specifies the tests to determine the characteristic values of mechanical properties of the thermal barrier profile and to assess the effect of different conditionings of the thermal barrier on the mechanical performance of the connection.
This document does not apply to thermal barriers which do not give a contribution to the mechanical resistance of the profiles.
This document is applicable to thermal barrier profiles designed mainly for windows, doors, screens and curtain walls.
This document does not apply to thermal barriers made only of metal profiles connected with metal pins or screws.
This current edition of EN 14024 will supersede EN 14024:2004. Differences in test procedures between the two versions will not lead to significant differences in test results. Therefore, existing test results according to EN 14024:2004 are considered as equivalent to new test results according to the current edition of EN 14024.
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies Type S1 software measurement standards, reference data, and Type S2 software measurement standards, reference software, for verifying the software of measuring instruments. It also specifies the surface data file (SDF) format of Type S1 software measurement standards for the calibration of instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile and areal method as defined in the profile and areal surface texture chain of standards, the chain links F and G.
The SDF format applies to profile and areal topography measurement data extracted with an orthogonal grid (see ISO 14406:2010, 5.2) and equidistant sampling intervals, regardless of the measurement principle.
NOTE Throughout this document, the terms “reference data” and “reference software” are used as substitutes for software measurement standards of Type S1 and Type S2, respectively. In practice, “reference data” is sometimes referred to as “software gauge” or “softgauge”.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the performance and test requirements of hose assemblies supplied in assembled condition using rubber hose according to ISO 3821 up to and including nominal size 20,0, for gas welding, cutting and allied processes. This document is not applicable to high-pressure hose assemblies upstream of the pressure regulators.
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This document specifies general requirements for the performance and safety of smokeless moxibustion devices. It covers smoke density, moxibustion temperature, noxious gas and test methods for smokeless moxibustion devices. This document is applicable to any combustion-type device that claims to provide smokeless moxibustion. This document does not apply to devices that imitate moxibustion, such as electro moxibustion and infrared moxibustion devices.
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This document specifies a test method for determining the Vickers and Knoop hardness of monolithic fine ceramics at room temperature.
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This document specifies the method of the peel test using a tensile testing machine to evaluate the adhesion strength of metallic coatings on plastic substrates under controlled temperatures. It also specifies the designations of the peel test results. The designation consists of the adhesion of metallic coatings to the substrate and test temperature, as well as the substrate material and the principal component, manufacturing process and thickness of the metallic coatings.
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This document describes the basic requirements for the verification of ultimate and serviceability limit states and the resistance to fatigue either of the noise barrier or its components by means of analytical methods and/or tests.
Analytical methods can be used for the determination of the characteristic values and design values.
Where sufficient information is not available, the analytical procedure can be combined with results from tests.
This document provides the following types of test procedures:
- test on small samples for defining detail categories, which might not be covered by Eurocodes (verification procedure A);
- test on a global element for defining the limit state against fatigue (verification procedure B);
- full scale tests under a given representative loading (verification procedure C) to determine fatigue resistance of the noise barrier components for defined loading conditions; verification procedure C is given as alternative to verification procedures A and B.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements applicable to design, final assessment, designation, marking and documentation for butterfly valves having metallic bodies for use with all type of pipe end connections (e.g. wafer, lug, flange, butt welding, threaded ends) and used for isolating, regulating or controlling applications.
The PN and Class ranges are:
- PN 2,5; PN 6; PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100; PN 160;
- Class 150; Class 300; Class 600; Class 900.
The size range is:
- DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1 000; DN 1 050; DN 1 100; DN 1 200; DN 1 400; DN 1 500; DN 1 600; DN 1 800; DN 2 000; DN 2 200; DN 2 400; DN 2 600; DN 2 800; DN 3 000; DN 3 200; DN 3 400; DN 3 600; DN 3 800; DN 4 000.
DN 750 and DN 1 050 apply only for Class 150 and Class 300.
NOTE Sizes are listed in Table D.1.
For applications in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, EN 16668:2025 applies together with this document.
For chemical applications, EN 12569:2020 applies together with this document.
For gas distribution systems, EN 13774:2013 applies together with this document.
For gas transport systems, EN 1594:2024 applies together with this document.
For water supply application, EN 1074-2:2000 applies together with this document.
For process control application, EN 1349:2009 applies together with this document.
The correspondence between DN and NPS is given for information in Annex D.
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This project proposal addresses:
• the development of a data exchange format, based on Transmodel (EN12896) and NeTEx (CEN/TS 16614), focused on a minimum set of Public Transport raw data needed for quantitative analysis in public transport services. For instance, the elaboration of standardized operational data (e.g., observed run times, passenger load) collected during service operations is an input for strategic planning (e.g., how and when to amend the schedules), tactical planning (e.g., when to undertake a certain control action), quality follow-up, etc.
• the development of a glossary for public transport aiming at assigning to each concept used in Public Transport, a unique “standard” term.
This project proposal develops a data exchange format and API, that will be documented in a Technical Specification (TS) focusing on the exchange of a minimum set of Public Transport raw data needed for quantitative analysis in public transport services.
The exchange protocol format will be based on NeTEx standard, in particular:
• CEN/TS 16614-1:2020 Network topology;
• CEN/TS 16614-2:2020 Scheduled Timetables;
Raw data identification and description will be compliant with Transmodel (EN 12896), with particular emphasis on Data Dictionary description and Part 8 Management Information Statistics.
OpRa will also develop a Public Transport unified glossary to harmonised terms and definitions from existing data dictionaries.
- Draft225 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for determination of the elongation under load and the residual deformation of coated fabrics.
- Draft8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a rapid method for the determination of the oil and water contents in oilseeds using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
It is applicable to rapeseeds, linseeds and sunflower seeds with a water content less than 10 % and soya beans with a water content less than 14 %. For seeds with higher water contents, drying is necessary before the water and oil content can be determined by pulsed NMR.
NOTE 1 This method has been tested with rapeseeds, soya beans, linseeds and sunflower seeds. This does not, however, preclude its applicability to other commercial seeds whose oil is liquid at the temperature of measurement.
NOTE 2 The reproducibility values obtained are generally higher than those obtained by the reference methods (see ISO 659 and ISO 665) because they depend on the variability between the instruments and on that existing between the calibrations, which depends on the measurement accuracy of the reference methods.
NOTE 3 The results of the comparison test between different magnets and different volumes of seed samples (see Annex B) are in coherence with the results of the interlaboratory test (see Annex A).
- Draft18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the thermal and energy performance of refrigerated food lockers in given environmental conditions and intended for the temporary cold storage of chilled or frozen pre-ordered or pre-selected foodstuff until the final collection by the consumer.
This document also covers construction characteristics relevant for thermal and energy performance.
This document specifies tests conditions and methods for checking the requirements to be satisfied as well as the classification of refrigerated lockers, their marking and the list of characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer.
This document is not applicable to refrigerated vending machines.
It is also not applicable to:
commercial beverage coolers covered by ISO 22044;
ice cream freezers covered by ISO 22043;
refrigerated display cabinets covered by ISO 23953-1 and ISO 23953-2;
cabinets intended for storage or cabinets intended for use, e.g. in catering or non-retail refrigerated applications.
This document does not cover health and safety aspects and ergonomic principles.
The document does not cover safe storage temperatures for any specific perishable foodstuff.
The refrigeration system, providing the cooling function, is either fully or partially integrated or completely remote from the refrigerated food locker and connected by interconnecting pipe-work.
- Draft45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides a semantic base that allows the representation of relevant information related to tourism destinations, including resources and services within the destination, travel experiences, and the destination itself. It establishes the terminology, hierarchy, and the minimum properties and relationships required for the definition of a reference semantic structure, ensuring the interoperability of local, territorial and country tourism information technology (IT) platforms with third-party digital systems. This document provides tourism destinations with semantic data structures that primarily benefit final users (i.e. tourists and other interested parties), as these structures allow destinations to provide access to relevant information in an intuitive and agile way, and improve the interaction between tourists and the systems that manage, publish, carry transactions and accompany tourists during their journey. Furthermore, destination managers, data managers and data publishers, applying this document can also benefit from such implementation.
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This document specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at a temperature below −80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. This document does not apply to unalloyed steels and cast materials.
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This document specifies the testing approach to establish levels of extractable and leachable substances in vaping products, e-liquid cartridges, and e-liquid refill containers.
This document also specifies a risk assessment approach to enable manufacturers to understand the risk associated with the levels of extractable and leachable substances.
Establishing the shelf life of products is not within the scope of this document however assessing leachables to understand whether their levels are within acceptable limits over the anticipated shelf life of the product, as defined by toxicological risk assessment, is within the scope of this document.
- Draft26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the qualification and design, installation, testing and integrity management for the external application of composite repair systems to corroded or damaged piping and pipelines, tanks and vessels.
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IEC 60953-4:2026 is intended to establish a Supplementary Standard for routine test of steam turbines. The rules given in this document follow the guidance given in IEC 60953-0, but contain amendments and supplements regarding the analysis and supervision of relative performance by routine testing of steam turbine.
General principles for the preparation, performance evaluation, trends of performance parameters and the determination of the measurement uncertainty of periodic routine tests are given in this document.
This document is applicable to routine testing covering a wide range of accuracy on steam turbines of every type, rating and application, operating with superheated or saturated steam.
This document is not intended for application in acceptance tests of new units or retrofits and its application for such is strongly not recommended.
The purpose of this document is to cover the existing steam turbine components which influence the efficiency of the power plant. This document helps the parties determine the most appropriate parameters that characterize the relative performance change and that could be used as long-term performance monitoring and analysis.
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- Standard156 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60794-1-102:2026 specifies the test procedures used to establish uniform requirements on abrasion resistance for optical fibre cables.
This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors.
Method E2A evaluates the ability of the sheath to resist abrasion; method E2B evaluates the ability of cable markings (include text or graphic markers, and continuous coloured lines on cable) to resist abrasion.
This first edition of IEC 60794-1-102 cancels and replaces Method E2 of the first edition of IEC 60794-1-21 published in 2015.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of sample surface cleaning requirements;
b) addition of the number of tests to be performed for method E2B;
c) addition of details to be reported.
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IEC 63584-210:2026 The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) provides the communication between a Charging Station and a Charging Station Management System (CSMS) and is designed to accommodate any type of charging technique.
It is based on Open Charge Point Protocol 2.1 and was submitted as a Fast -Track document.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2025. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) part 5 and 6 have been introduced, which contain the certification profiles responsible for the test cases;
b) resolved issues and added clarifications to the specification, most of which are related to newly in OCPP 2.1 introduced features like; DER control, V2X, ISO 15118-20, based on lessons learned from the market;
c) all OCPP 2.0.1 errata also have been incorporated into OCPP 2.1, due to the versions being backwards-compatible.
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This document specifies requirements for lithium-ion traction battery packs or systems used in battery electric, hybrid electric and fuel cell electric road vehicles. This document describes the most relevant environmental stresses and specifies tests and test boundary conditions. This document establishes a classification of battery packs or systems and defines different stress levels for testing when a classification is applicable and required. The objective of this document is to specify standard test procedures and conditions to enable the observation of the reliability of the lithium-ion traction battery in the vehicle. This document specifies tests for a battery pack or system of voltage class A and B. This document provides the necessary information to set up a dedicated test plan for a battery pack or system subject to agreement between the customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions can also be selected from this document. NOTE This document only covers requirements and test conditions for a traction battery pack or system used in passenger cars.
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IEC 63087:2026 sets out the requirements for the provision of assistive listening systems (ALS) in places or situations where there is a benefit for hearing-aid, cochlear implant, and other hearing device users, compared to listening to the acoustic signal directly at that location.
This document applies to all ALS used for communication, entertainment, or educational purposes in public, private, domestic and public transport installations.
This document does not apply to other forms of audio transmission, for example simultaneous interpretation or audio description or audio-streams other than those broadcast as part of an ALS. However, this document provides useful ancillary information for such systems which can be applied.
Personal listening and intelligibility enhancement devices and systems are also included within the scope as they constitute a special case and incorporate some unique features and requirements (Annex C).
This document does not apply to hearing aids and medical hearing devices themselves or to speech enhancement and communication systems found in some private motor vehicles which are sometimes referred to as assistive listening.
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- Standard159 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Draft38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60127-4:2026 relates to universal modular fuse-links (UMF) for printed circuits and other substrate systems, used for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment, and component parts thereof, normally intended to be used indoors. It does not apply to fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in a corrosive or explosive atmosphere. These fuses are normally intended to be mounted or replaced only by appropriately skilled persons using specialized equipment. This document applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. The objectives of this part of IEC 60127 are as given in IEC 60127-1, with the additional requirement of a degree of non-interchangeability. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005, Amendment 1:2008 and Amendment 2:2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) align to IEC 60127-1:2023, third edition; b) enhance the rated current of UMFs to 100A and provide the corresponding maximum voltage drop and maximum sustained dissipation; c) modify the figures; d) update the normative references to the latest version. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2023
- Draft33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft133 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of IEC 62271 is applicable to prefabricated solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear assemblies designed for:
– alternating current;
– rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV;
– service frequencies up to and including 60 Hz;
– indoor installation;
– areas limited to authorized personnel.
The assembly can include either air-insulated or fluid-filled compartments, or both. For components installed in a solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear, this
document supplements or even replaces in some cases, the requirements as stated by the individual product standards.
The list of components which can be inside the solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear is not limited to the ones explicitly cited in this document.
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- Draft3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In addition to the requirements of IEC 61326-1, this part of IEC 61326 specifies the EMC test requirements for process automation equipment using at least one Ethernet-APL (Ethernet ADVANCED PHYSICAL LAYER) compliant port according IEC TS 63444. The type of equipment covered by this document includes INFRASTRUCTURE DEVICES such as switches as well as measurement and control devices. This document provides requirements for the EMC test setups of the APL interface for devices intended for use in process control and process measurement. The other functions of the equipment remain covered by other parts of the IEC 61326 series. NOTE Ethernet-APL uses IEEE Std. 802.3-2022 Ethernet Physical Layer 10BASE-T1L, suitable to be used for full- duplex communication over a single balanced pair of conductors. The test levels are based on the intended environment as stated in the product’s specification or user documentation and selected appropriately from IEC 61326-1.
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IEC 62820‑1‑2:2026 specifies the technical requirements for the composition, functions, performance and test methods of building intercom systems using the Internet protocol (IP), and it is a supplement to IEC 62820‑1‑1. This document is applicable to the IP building intercom systems for both residential and commercial buildings.
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- Draft46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods for the determination of the efficiency of frequency conversion from the electrical input, and of the available and workload microwave output power in industrial microwave heating installations, as well as operational flexibility.
This document is in principle applicable to industrial microwave heating equipment and installations in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz but focussed on the microwave ISM frequencies below 6 GHz.
This document relates to industrial microwave heating equipment operating as intended by the manufacturer's specifications for normal operation.
This document does not apply to appliances for household and similar use (covered by IEC 60335-2-25 [1]1), commercial use (covered by IEC 60335-2-90 [2] and IEC 60335-2-110 [3]) or laboratory use (covered by IEC 61010-2-010 [4]).
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IEC 60115-8-10:2026 is applicable to the drafting of detail specifications for surface mount (SMD) low-power film resistors, classified to level G, based on the definition of the product classification levels in IEC 60115‑1:2020, 3.4.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition IEC 60115‑8‑1:2014:
a) it supports solderability testing for both traditional lead-bearing soldering and up-to-date lead-free soldering, as required;
b) it supports the provision of detailed visual acceptance criteria;
c) it includes the requirement for a visual examination of the primary and proximity packaging;
d) it provides for the inclusion of specific visual acceptance criteria, to be applied in addition to those given in Annex B of the sectional specification IEC 60115‑8:2023.
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IEC 63584-201:2026 The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) provides the communication between a Charging Station and a Charging Station Management System (CSMS) and is designed to accommodate any type of charging technique. It is based on OCPP 2.0.1 and was submitted as a Fast-Track document.
This second edition cancels and replaces IEC 63584 published in 2024. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 63584:2024:
a) introduced clarifications/improvements to requirements, use cases and sequence diagrams based on member feedback and TWG taskgroup meetings;
b) renamed all "OCTT" references in part 5 and 6 to "Test System" based on IEC feedback;
c) structural changes to the part 6 testcase descriptions to improve readability;
d) continuous improvements to part 6 testcase descriptions based on feedback from active certification program and CWG taskgroup meetings.
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IEC TS 60870-5-601:2015(E) describes test cases for conformance testing of telecontrol equipment, Substation Automation Systems (SAS) and telecontrol systems, including front-end functions of SCADA. The use of this part of IEC 60870 facilitates interoperability by providing a standard method of testing protocol implementations, but it does not guarantee interoperability of devices. It is expected that using this part of IEC 60870 during testing will minimize the risk of non-interoperability. The goal of this part of IEC 60870 is to enable unambiguous and standardised evaluation of IEC 60870-5 companion standard protocol implementations. The guidelines and conditions for the testing environment are described in IEC 60870-5-6. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- resolving ambiguities and inconsistencies between IEC 0870-5-101:2003 and IEC TS 60870-5-601:2006;
- enhancements and optimisation of test cases which are needed to prove conformance with IEC 60870-5-101:2003.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60870-5-101:2003
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- Technical specification198 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 61850-80-6:2026, which is a technical specification, provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects that need to be considered while using IEC 61850 for information exchange between power system automation equipment and control or maintenance centres or other system level applications. This document:
defines use cases and communication requirements that require an information exchange between power system automation equipment and control or maintenance centres;
describes the usage of the configuration language of IEC 61850‑6;
gives guidelines for the selection of communication services and architectures compatible with IEC 61850;
describes the engineering workflow;
introduces the use of a Proxy/Gateway concept;
describes the links regarding the Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM);
defines the abstract conformance test cases that build the basis for the conformance test procedures elaborated by the UCAIug Testing Sub Committee.
This document does not define constraints or limitations for specific device implementations. There is no specific clause for cyber security, which is tackled when it is necessary. The model for IEC TS 61850-80-6 provides security functions based upon the security threats and security functions found in IEC TS 62351-1 and IEC TS 62351-2. This document touches on several security aspects with the following basic assumptions:
Information authentication and integrity (e.g., the ability to provide tamper detection) is needed.
In case of operational issues, encryption (to achieve confidentiality) is optional. This typically applies for GOOSE and SV messages in the power utility automation system LAN.
End-to-end information authentication and integrity methods, regardless of information hierarchies, need to be provided. The typical method to provide this security function is through some type of information/message authentication code. IEC 62351-4 and IEC 62351-9 describe how authentication and integrity is achieved for IEC 61850-8-1. IEC 62351-4 provides means to ensure end-to-end data integrity through Proxy/Gateways.
Beneath information authentication and integrity, information availability is an important aspect for telecontrol. This document provides redundancy architectures to enhance the availability of information in control and maintenance centres
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This document:
provides requirements and guidance for the management of identity information and for ensuring that an identity management system conforms to ISO/IEC 24760-1 and ISO/IEC 24760-2;
is applicable to any information system where information relating to identity is processed or stored;
is considered to be a horizontal document for the following reasons:
it applies concepts such as distinguishing the term “identity” from the term “identifier” on the implementation of systems for the management of identity information and on the requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management,
it provides an important contribution to assess identity management systems with regard to their privacy-friendliness and their ability to assure the relevant attributes of an identity, and consequently it provides a foundation and a common understanding for any other standard addressing identity, identity information, and identity management.
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This document specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization:
needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements;
aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
All the requirements of this document are generic.
This document is applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides.
NOTE 1 In this document, the terms “product” or “service” only apply to products and services intended for, or required by, a customer.
NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements.
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This document establishes comprehensive frameworks and models for innovative developments in procurement across all sectors, providing systematic methodologies and organizational frameworks enabling transformation of procurement practices through structured governance and innovation management.
This document applies to:
— Organizations
• public sector procurement authorities at local, regional, national, and European levels;
• private sector organizations engaging in innovation partnerships with public entities;
• research and development institutions participating in cross-sector innovation;
• SMEs and large enterprises involved in public-private innovation ecosystems;
• international organizations seeking to implement European innovation procurement approaches.
— Innovation Coverage
• cross-sector innovation frameworks applicable to both public and private organizations;
• enhanced Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) and Public Procurement of Innovation (PPI) frameworks;
• system-of-Systems (SoS) orchestration for complex multi-organizational coordination;
• four-dimensional innovation architecture covering business models, operations, sourcing, and technology.
— Framework Applications
• strategic innovation planning and implementation across organizational boundaries;
• digital transformation and technology integration for all sectors;
• circular economy and sustainable procurement models;
• cross-border collaboration and harmonization mechanisms.
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RTBR/SMG-0019R1
- Standardization document104 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1
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DEN/ERM-TG28-561
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The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A
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REN/MSG-TFES-15-3
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish language
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish language
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish language
ABSTRACT
This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with specified inclines. The emulsified asphalts are grouped into three types, as follows: Type I, which contains fillers or fibers including asbestos; Type II, which contains fillers or fibers other than asbestos; and Type III, which do not contain any form of fibrous reinforcement. These types are further subdivided into two classes, as follows: Class 1, which is prepared with mineral colloid emulsifying agents; and Class 2, which is prepared with chemical emulsifying agents. Other than consistency and homogeneity of the final products, they shall also conform to specified physical property requirements such as weight, residue by evaporation, ash content of residue, water content flammability, firm set, flexibility, resistance to water, and behavior during heat and direct flame tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with inclines of not less than 4 % or 42 mm/m [1/2 in./ft].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...
- Standard11 pagesEnglish language
- Standard11 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...
- Standard59 pagesEnglish language
- Standard59 pagesEnglish language
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish language
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish language
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish language
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide19 pagesEnglish language
- Guide19 pagesEnglish language
This part of the EN 50117 series which is a sectional specification applies to coaxial indoor drop cables for analogue and digital one and two way signal transmission, e.g. for cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services in accordance with EN 60728 1:2014, EN 60728 1 1:2014, EN 60728 101:2017, EN 60728 10:2014, EN 50173 1:2018 and EN 50173 4:2018. This also includes the transmission of BCT signals provided by a CATV, MATV or SMATV cable network. The purpose of this document is to specify the applicable test methods and requirements for the electrical, mechanical and environmental characteristics and for fire performance of the cables.
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RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50
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RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70
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DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2
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RTS/LI-00190-2
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RTS/TSGC-0429511vf60
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