Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This part of IEC 60115 is applicable to fixed surface mount resistors for use in electronic equipment.
These resistors are typically described according to types (different geometric shapes) and styles (different dimensions)
and product technology. These resistors have metallized terminations and are primarily intended to be mounted directly
onto a circuit board.
The object of this document is to specify preferred ratings and characteristics and to select from IEC 60115-1, the
appropriate quality assessment procedures, tests and measuring methods and to give general performance requirements
for this type of resistor.
Since the documents of the 60115-X series are exempted from the parallel procedure (D162/C089), this New Work Item
Proposal aims to endorse the main IEC document IEC 60115-8:2023 as a European standard. The standard shall be
published together with the finalised Common Modifications.

This part of IEC 60115 is applicable to fixed low-power film resistors with termination leads for use in electronic equipment, which are typically assembled in through-hole technology (THT) on circuit boards.  
These resistors are typically described according to types (different geometric shapes) and styles (different dimensions)
and product technology. The resistive element of these resistors is typically protected by a conformal lacquer coating.
These resistors have wire terminations and are primarily intended to be mounted on a circuit board in through-hole
technique.  
The object of this standard is to prescribe preferred ratings and characteristics and to select from IEC 60115-1, the
appropriate quality assessment procedures, tests and measuring methods and to give general performance requirements
for this type of resistor.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of total amount of halogens (including fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) present in textile products by combustion and ion chromatography (C-IC). This document is applicable to all materials of textile products which are combustible, e.g. fibres, fabrics, plastic components (including coating), wood.

This document specifies principles and requirements for a body operating certification of persons and includes the development and maintenance of a scheme for certification of persons.
NOTE 1        For the purposes of this document, the term "certification body" is used in place of the full term " body operating certification of persons", and the term "certification scheme" is used in place of the full term “scheme for certification of persons”.
NOTE 2        Annex A contains principles for certification of persons.

This part of IEC 60115 is applicable to fixed power resistors for use in electronic equipment.  
This standard relates to resistors having a rated dissipation typically greater than 1W up to and including 1000W for use in
electronic equipment. This standard is applicable to fixed power resistors with a maximum surface temperature (MET)
higher than the preferred upper category temperature (UCT) of 200°C.  
These resistors are typically described according to types (different geometric shapes) and styles (different dimensions)
and product technology.  
The resistive element of these resistors is typically  
- protected by a conformal lacquer coating or  
- cement coating or  
- vitreous enamel or  
- a ceramic body or  
- any other housing, which is to be described in the relevant specification.  
The electrical connection of these resistors is typically achieved by means of  
- lead wire terminations or  
- punched terminals or lug terminals or  
- push on terminals or  
- screw terminals or  
- any other termination, which is to be described in the relevant specification  
In special cases, a heat sink may be applicable but not mandatory.  
The object of this standard is to prescribe preferred ratings and characteristics and to select from IEC 60115-1 the
appropriate quality assessment procedures, tests and measuring methods and to give general performance requirements
for this type of resistor.  
Test severities and requirements prescribed in detail specifications referring to this sectional specification shall be of equal
or higher performance level, because lower performance levels are not permitted.
Since the documents of the 60115-X series are exempted from the parallel procedure (D162/C089), this New Work Item Proposal aims to endorse the main IEC document IEC 60115-4:2022 as a European standard. The standard shall be published together with the finalised Common Modifications.

This part of IEC 60115 is applicable to leaded fixed low-power film resistors for use in electronic equipment and is applicable to the drafting of detail specifications for leaded fixed low-power film resistors classified to level G, which is defined in IEC 60115-1:2020, 3.4 for general electronic equipment, typically operated under benign or moderate environmental conditions, where the major requirement is function. Examples for level G include consumer products and telecommunication user terminals. The resistors covered herein are classified to level G, as defined in IEC 60115-1:2020, 3.4 for general electronic equipment, typically operated under benign or moderate environmental conditions, where the major requirement is function. Examples for level G include consumer products and telecommunication user terminals. This detail specification is based upon the blank detail specification IEC 60115-2-10:202X. This detail specification establishes test schedules and performance requirements permitting the quality assessment of the resistors covered herein according to the quality assessment procedures prescribed by IEC 60115-1:2020, Annex Q.

This part of IEC 60115 is applicable to leaded fixed low-power film resistors for use in electronic equipment and is
applicable to the drafting of detail specifications for leaded fixed low-power film resistors classified to level G, which is
defined in IEC 60115-1:2020, 3.4 for general electronic equipment, typically operated under benign or moderate
environmental conditions, where the major requirement is function. Examples for level G include consumer products and
telecommunication user terminals.
The resistors covered herein are classified to level G, as defined in IEC 60115-1:2020, 3.4 for general electronic
equipment, typically operated under benign or moderate environmental conditions, where the major requirement is
function. Examples for level G include consumer products and telecommunication user terminals.  
Since the documents of the 60115-X series are exempted from the parallel procedure (D162/C089), this New Work Item Proposal aims to endorse the main IEC document IEC 60115-2-10:2023 as a European standard. The standard shall be published together with the finalised Common Modifications.

This document contains requirements for the competence and impartiality of bodies performing inspection, and for the consistent operation of their inspection activities.

This document provides requirements and recommendations related to the concepts required to associate pharmaceutical products or groups of pharmaceutical products with an appropriate set of PhPID(s) in accordance with ISO 11616. Pharmaceutical product identifiers and the related elements are intended to represent pharmaceutical products as defined within a medicinal product by a medicines regulatory authority. While the ISO standards on IDMP can be applied to off-label usage of medicinal products, such applications are currently outside of the scope of this document. Reference to ISO 11238, ISO 11239, ISO 11240, ISO 11615, HL7 V3 messaging standards (HL7 Reference Information Model (RIM)[8], HL7 Common Product Model (CPM)[9] and HL7 V3 Structured Product Labelling (SPL)[10], and HL7 FHIR[11] can be applied for pharmaceutical product information in the context of this document.

This document specifies the classification, general requirements, design requirements, general characteristics, general testing and inspection methods for submersible toolings. This document applies to the design, manufacture, inspection, and post-acceptance of submersible toolings.

This document specifies container file formats for JPEG AI codestreams as specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.840.2 | ISO/IEC 6048-2. It defines file formats for working with image and motion sequence files on computer platforms, allowing Internet-based and other communications. This document uses already existing specifications for file formats and extends them for the embedding of JPEG AI codestreams.

This document specifies the general requirements, test items and methods for conducting manoeuvring tests on human-occupied submersibles. It is applicable to manoeuvring tests for all human-occupied submersibles operating in the sea and inland waterway areas. It can also be used as a reference for manoeuvring tests on other types of submersibles operating in pools, lakes and seas.

This document defines the technical implementation and behavior of a Wi-SUN Field Area Network which fulfills the marketing requirements specified in [MRD]. With the details presented in this document, an implementer is enabled to construct an interoperable and certifiable implementation of the Wi-SUN FAN.

This document provides a reference model intended to support the analysis and design of B2B electronic transactions utilizing smart contracts. The model identifies and defines five core components that constitute the foundational elements for such transactions, as follows: authentication and responsibility of transaction parties; transaction procedure and execution; transaction consensus mechanism; transaction verification mechanism; security controls.

This document establishes a common framework for software life cycle processes. Its terminology can be referenced and applied across the software industry. It contains processes, activities and tasks that can be applied during the acquisition of a software system, product, or service and during the supply, development, operation, maintenance, and disposal of software products and services. This is accomplished through the involvement of stakeholders, with the goal of achieving customer satisfaction. This document includes those aspects of system definition needed to provide the context for software systems and services. This document also provides processes that can be employed for defining, controlling, and improving software life cycle processes within an organization or a project. This document is applicable to one-of-a-kind software systems, software systems for wide commercial or public distribution, and customised, adaptable software systems. Software includes the software portion of firmware. It applies to a complete stand-alone software system and to software systems that are embedded and integrated into larger more complex and complete systems of systems (SoS). The processes, activities, and tasks of this document can also be applied during the acquisition of a system that contains software. This document applies to the full life cycle of software systems, products, and services, including conception, development, operations, support, and retirement, and to their acquisition and supply, whether performed internally or externally to an organization. The life cycle processes of this document can be applied concurrently, iteratively, and recursively to a software system and incrementally to its elements. This document can be applied in organizations and software projects using a variety of formal engineering approaches. It is applicable for agile approaches and methods, which are most widely used for software development, sustainment, and maintenance, and which are believed to be more affordable and to deliver usable products more quickly. This document does not identify or require any specific software life cycle model, development methodology, method, modelling approach, or techniques for selecting a life cycle model for the organization or project and mapping the processes, activities, and tasks in this document into that model. Using engineering judgment to help achieve the desired level of quality is also outside the scope of this document. This document does not detail information items in terms of name, format, explicit content, and recording media. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 identifies the content for life cycle process information items (documentation).

This document provides packages of security assurance and security functional requirements that are intended to be useful in support of common usage by stakeholders. The users of this document can include consumers, developers and evaluators of secure IT products.

IEC 61643-361:2026 applies to surge isolation transformers (SITs) dedicated to surge mitigation and for connection to 50/60 Hz power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS. This document covers the surge and mitigation performance of SITs with an impulse withstand voltage performance of at least 30 kV, and provides standard methods for testing and rating.
This document covers surge-related parameters but does not address typical transformer tests and parameters covered by the IEC 61558 series [13][1]. This document also does not cover SIT operation under differential mode lightning surge conditions.
[1] Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

This document specifies the requirements of summer savory (Satureja hortensis Linnaeus) in the form of sprigs, and whole or broken leaves. It does not apply to winter savory (Satureja montana Linnaeus), which forms the subject of ISO 7928-1. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex A.

IEC TS 62876-3-2:2026 which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine
• volume fraction
for graphene by
• ellipsometry.
Thickness/composition measurements are evaluated by ellipsometry before and after the stability test. By model calculation, the volume fraction of graphene can be evaluated. Since the test method is non‑destructive, it can be used to assess the reliability and durability of graphene films on production lines.
• For graphene-capped copper for Cu interconnects in a semiconductor engineering, for example, the reliability and durability of the capping layer are evaluated.
• Gas sensors, gas barriers, transparent electrodes for solar cells, etc. are being researched and developed.
• This method is useful for non-destructive and quantitative evaluation of the volume fraction of graphene to assess the reliability and durability.

IEC 61169-1-3:2026 is applicable to built-in devices (hereinafter referred to as "SPD" - surge protective device) or surge protection of telecommunications and signalling networks against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient over voltages.
An SPD is intended to protect the electrical apparatus from transient over voltages and to divert surge currents.
The SPD built in the coaxial connector can be a gas discharge tube type, a ¼ wavelength short stub type, a flash-off gap type, and a hybrid type thereof.
The purpose of these built-in SPD is to protect modern electronic equipment connected to telecommunications and signalling networks with nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (RMS) AC and 1 500 V DC.

IEC 61439-8:2026 specifies requirements for the design and verification of low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies for use in photovoltaic installations. PVAs have the following characteristics: - assemblies used for the combination of electrical energy in DC systems for which the input and output voltage does not exceed 1 500 V DC; - assemblies supplied from an AC network where the voltage does not exceed 1 000 V AC for auxiliary and control purposes; - stationary assemblies with an enclosure; - assemblies intended for operation by authorised persons (see IEC 61439 1:2020, 3.7.17), but can be located in an area accessible to ordinary persons (see IEC 61439 1:2020, 3.7.16); - suitable for indoor or outdoor installation. This document identifies definitions, specifies the service conditions, details the construction requirements, defines the technical characteristics, and provides verifications for PVAs. PVAs can also include control or signalling devices, or both, associated with the distribution of electrical energy. This document applies to all PVAs whether they are designed and manufactured on a one-off basis or fully standardized and manufactured in quantity. Either the manufacture or assembly, or both, can be carried out by an entity other than the original manufacturer (see IEC 61439 1:2020, 3.10.1). This document does not apply to: - individual devices, for example, circuit-breakers, fuse switches and self-contained components such as, motor starters, switch mode power supplies (SMPS), uninterruptable power supplies (UPS), basic drive modules (BDM), complete drive modules (CDM), adjustable speed power drives systems (PDS), stand-alone energy storage systems (battery and capacitor systems), other electronic equipment which comply with their relevant product standards, such as junction boxes of photovoltaic modules. This document describes their integration into a PVA or an empty enclosure used as a part of a PVA; - photovoltaic power conversion equipment (PCE) incorporating DC combination sub-systems, covered by the IEC 62109 series. Some applications, such as either explosive atmospheres or functional safety, or both, can be subject to the requirements of other standards or local installation rules in addition to those specified in the IEC 61439 series. This document does not apply to the specific types of assemblies covered by other parts of the IEC 61439 series.

IEC 63497:2026, which is a product standard, is intended to specify the EMC, performance and safety requirements of shunt-connected active correction devices (ACD) with rated system voltages not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. These devices can be either cord or permanently connected. They can be movable, stationary, or fixed devices. An ACD includes both a static VAR generator (SVG) and an active harmonic filter (AHF). The primary function of a shunt connected ACD is to do one or more of the following: - active harmonic filtering; - reactive power compensation; - unbalanced load compensation. Additional functions of a shunt-connected ACD, not addressed by this document, can be the following: - flicker compensation; - interharmonic component filtering. In case of hybrid devices, combining a passive harmonic filter and an ACD, this document covers only the active part. This document does not cover - active mitigation functions part of another device (variable speed drive, uninterruptible power supply, dynamic voltage restorer, etc.), - switched power capacitors, - switched inductors, - passive harmonic filters, - energy storage converters, and - series-connected active correction devices.

This document applies to all kinds of passive dosimetry systems that are used for measuring: – the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) (for individual whole body monitoring), – the personal dose equivalent Hp(3) (for individual eye lens monitoring), – the personal dose equivalent Hp(0,07) (for both individual whole body skin and local skin for extremity monitoring), – the ambient dose equivalent H*(10) (for workplace and environmental monitoring), – the directional dose equivalent H'(3) (for workplace and environmental monitoring), or – the directional dose equivalent H'(0,07) (for workplace and environmental monitoring). This document applies to dosimetry systems that measure external photon and/or beta radiation in the dose range between 0,01 mSv and 10 Sv.

IEC 61254:2026 applies to men's electric shavers and their trimmers for household use. This document deals with the methods for evaluating user experience and user satisfaction, in a subjective way, for men's electric shavers and their trimmers with a rated voltage not greater than 250 V. This document does not specify safety or performance requirements. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) change in standard title and scope (Title and Clause 1); b) addition of the definition of user experience and user satisfaction (3.5, 3.6); c) modification of the list of evaluations (Clause 4); d) introduction of evaluation of user satisfaction for a particular electric shaver (Clause 6); e) removal of testing measurement in objective way, such as measuring methods for dimensions, operation time and gravimetric analysis of the difference in closeness of shave; f) modification of questionnaires in Annex A.

This part of EN 61326 is a product family standard specifying requirements for immunity and emissions regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for electrical equipment, operating from a supply or battery of less than 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC or from the circuit being measured. Equipment intended for professional, industrial-process, industrial-manufacturing and educational use is covered by this part. It includes equipment and computing devices for - measurement and test; - control; - LABORATORY use; - accessories intended for use with the above (such as sample handling equipment), intended to be used in industrial and non-industrial locations.

IEC 60413:2026 concerns graphite-based grades that are used for sliding electrical contacts, such as carbon brushes or pantograph strips. By extension, it is possible to apply the test procedures of this document to all electrical sliding contacts for electrical transmission appliances and to other appliances of graphite-based materials (heat exchangers, bearings, etc.). This document specifies uniformized procedures for determining their following properties: - density and porosity; - resistivity; - flexural strength; - hardness; - ash content. In addition, it provides recommendations on test procedures for other properties: - Mechanical properties: Charpy impact test, compressive strength, tensile strength (Annex B). - Thermal properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity (Annex C). The properties determined by these tests are inherent to the graphite-based materials and it is therefore important to distinguish them from performance characteristics in operation on electrical equipment (carbon brush in an electrical rotating machine, contact strips on a pantograph, etc.). Since these materials are generally brittle, porous materials, it is reasonable that their properties vary much more than the same properties in metals. Some test methods are suitable for use in production quality control (routine tests), others only for more thorough investigations, using precise laboratory techniques (see Annex A). WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous substances, operations and equipment. It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1972. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Title modified. b) Addition of definitions in Clause 3. c) Clause 5 on test specimen: Nomenclature and addition of the different types of test specimen, specification on their dimensions, tolerances and preparation. d) Improvement of test procedures of the properties already disclosed in the previous edition (Clause 6 to Clause 11). e) Separation of apparent density and apparent porosity (respectively Clause 6 and Clause 10). f) Resistivity (Clause 7): Addition of the eddy current method. g) Rebound hardness (Clause 9): Addition of a new model of scleroscope and addition of Leeb method, as a possible alternative to the traditional scleroscope method. h) Common elements of the test report in a dedicated Clause 12. i) Addition of Annex A (normative): introduction of tests categories (serial/type tests), list of properties to be tested for each test category of test according to their purpose. j) Addition of Annex B: test procedures for other mechanical properties than flexural strength and hardness: tensile, compressive and impact strength. k) Addition of Annex C: test procedures for thermal properties (coefficient of linear expansion, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity). l) Addition of Annex D: supplement to density and porosity. m) Addition of Annex E: recommendations on methods for elements analysis. n) Addition of Annex F: supplem

IEC 60601-2-22:2019 applies to the Basic Safety and Essential Performance of laser equipment for surgical, therapeutic, medical diagnostic, cosmetic or veterinary applications, intended for use on humans or animals, classified as Laser Product of Class 1C where the Enclosed Laser is of Class 3B or 4, or Class 3B, or Class 4. Medical Electrical Equipment or Medical Electrical Systems which incorporate lasers as sources of energy being transferred to the Patient or animal and where the lasers are specified as above, are referred to as “laser equipment” in this document. Laser Products for these applications classified as a Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2, Class 2M or Class 3R Laser Product, are covered by IEC 60825-1:2014 and by the general standard. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME Equipment only, or to ME Systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies to ME Equipment and to ME Systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of laser equipment within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13, Physiological effects, of the general standard. If the laser equipment is Class 1C according to IEC 60825-1:2014 and is used as a laser appliance in a household, it is covered by IEC 60335-2-113:2016. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007 and Amendment 1:2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) it takes account of IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60825-1:2014, which have been published since publication of the third edition;
b) it addresses technical and safety issues which have arisen since publication of the third edition;
c) the scope of this fourth edition differs from the scope of the third edition. It now includes Class 1C laser equipment, as defined in IEC 60825-1:2014, when the Enclosed Laser is Class 3B or 4;
d) LED (light emitting diode) products are now excluded from this document as medical LED products may be covered by IEC 60601-2-57.

IEC 60730-2-5:2026 applies to automatic electrical burner control systems for the automatic control of burners for oil, gas, coal or other combustibles intended to be used
- for household and similar use;
- in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
NOTE 1 Throughout this document, where it can be used unambiguously, the word "system" means "burner control system" and "systems" means "burner control systems".
- for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
NOTE 2 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment."
EXAMPLE 1 Controls for commercial catering, heating and air-conditioning equipment.
- that are smart enabled controls;
EXAMPLE 2 Remote interfaces/control of burner operations.
- that are AC or DC powered controls with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC;
- used in, on, or in association with equipment that use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof;
- utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs;
- using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J;
- that are mechanically or electrically operated, responsive to or controlling such characteristics as temperature, pressure, passage of time, humidity, light, electrostatic effects, flow, or liquid level, current, voltage, acceleration, or combinations thereof;
- as well as manual controls when such are electrically and/or mechanically integral with automatic controls.
NOTE 3 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1.
This document is applicable
- to a complete burner control system;
- to a separate programming unit;
- to a separate electronic high-voltage ignition source;
- to a separate flame detector, and
- to a separate high-temperature operation (HTO) detector.
- to a burner control system intended to be used in warm air heating appliances (furnaces) where the appliance is equipped with an electromechanical differential pressure control to monitor the difference of the combustion air pressure (Type 2.AL). This pressure control provides a switch as an alternative to one of the two switching elements to directly de-energize the safety relevant terminals.
This document does not apply to thermoelectric flame supervision controls; thermoelectric flame supervision controls are covered by ISO 23551-6:2021.
This document also applies to electrical burner control systems intended exclusively for industrial process applications e.g. those applications covered by ISO TC 244 (ISO 13577 series).
This document applies to controls powered by primary or secondary batteries, requirements for which are contained within the standard.
This document applies to
- the inherent safety of automatic electrical burner control systems, and
- functional safety of automatic electrical burner control systems,
- automatic electrical burner control systems where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system,
- the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with burner safety and to the testing of automatic electrical burner control systems used in, on, or in association with, burners.
NOTE 4 Requirements for specific operating values, operating times and operating sequences are given in the standards for appliances and equipment.
This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of automatic electrical burner control systems used in, on, or in association with an equipment.
This document applies also to systems
- incorporating

IEC 60601-2-22: 2026 Amendment 1

IEC 62196-3:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2025.
This document applies to high power DC interfaces and combined AC/DC interfaces of vehicle couplers that are intended for use in conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-23.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The content of IEC TS 62196-3-1 has been integrated into this document as normative Annex AA.
b) increased ratings for all configurations;
c) reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1:2025 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).

This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:2026.
Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:2026.

This document specifies good clinical practice (GCP) for the design, conduct, recording and reporting of clinical investigations carried out in human subjects to assess the clinical performance or effectiveness and safety of medical devices.
For post-market clinical investigations, the principles set forth in this document are intended to be followed as far as relevant, considering the nature of the clinical investigation (see Annex I).
This document specifies the general requirements intended to
protect the rights, safety and well-being of human subjects, users or other persons,
ensure the scientific conduct of the clinical investigation and the credibility of the clinical investigation results,
define the responsibilities of the sponsor and principal investigator, and
assist sponsors, investigators, ethics committees, regulatory authorities and other bodies involved in the conformity assessment of medical devices.
Other standards or national requirements can also apply to the investigational device(s) under consideration or the clinical investigation(s).
NOTE            For Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), where appropriate, demonstration of the analytical validity (the SaMD’s output is accurate for a given input), the scientific validity (the SaMD’s output is associated to the intended clinical condition/physiological state), and clinical performance (the SaMD’s output yields a clinically meaningful association to the target use) of the SaMD, the requirements of this document apply as far as relevant (see Reference [5]). Justifications for exemptions from this document can consider the uniqueness of indirect contact between subjects and the SaMD.
This document does not apply to in vitro diagnostic medical devices. However, there can be situations, dependent on the device and national or regional requirements, where users of this document can consider whether either specific sections or requirements of this document, or both, can be applicable.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a humidifier, also hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories, the combination also hereafter referred to as ME system.
This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a humidifier where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 1           Heated breathing tubes (heated-wire breathing tubes) or ME equipment intended to control these heated breathing tubes (heated breathing tube controllers).
NOTE 2        Heated breathing tubes and their controllers are ME equipment and are subject to the requirements of IEC 60601‑1.
NOTE 3        ISO 5367 specifies other safety and performance requirements for breathing tubes.
This document includes requirements for the different medical uses of humidification, such as invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, nasal high-flow therapy, and obstructive sleep apnoea therapy, as well as humidification therapy for tracheostomy patients.
NOTE 4        A humidifier can be integrated into other equipment. When this is the case, the requirements of the other equipment also apply to the humidifier.
EXAMPLE 2           Heated humidifier incorporated into a critical care ventilator where ISO 80601‑2-12 also applies.
EXAMPLE 3           Heated humidifier incorporated into a homecare ventilator for dependent patients where ISO 80601‑2‑72 also applies.
EXAMPLE 4           Heated humidifier incorporated into sleep apnoea therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑70 also applies.
EXAMPLE 5           Heated humidifier incorporated into ventilatory support equipment where either ISO 80601-2-79 or ISO 80601-2-80 also apply.
EXAMPLE 6           Heated humidifier incorporated into respiratory high-flow therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑90 also applies.
This document also includes requirements for an active HME (heat and moisture exchanger), ME equipment which actively adds heat and moisture to increase the humidity level of the gas delivered from the HME to the patient. This document is not applicable to a passive HME, which returns a portion of the expired moisture and heat of the patient to the respiratory tract during inspiration without adding heat or moisture.
NOTE 5        ISO 9360‑1 and ISO 9360‑2 specify safety and performance requirements for a passive HME.
NOTE 6        If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant.
Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.
NOTE 7        Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.
This document does not specify the requirements for cold pass-over or cold bubble-through humidification devices, the requirements for which are given in ISO 20789.
This document is not applicable to equipment commonly referred to as “room humidifiers” or humidifiers used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or humidifiers incorporated into infant incubators to humidify the chamber

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for:
the design parameters to be provided to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit manufacturer by the rolling stock manufacturer (“Customer”) and the railway operator,
the test and inspection items, requirements and methods used by the HVAC unit manufacturer to verify that the HVAC unit conforms with the design parameters.
This document is applicable to HVAC units for the passenger area and driver’s cabs in urban (metro, tramway), suburban, regional and main line vehicles.

This document gives the sector specific requirements for the provision of private security services in the energy sector that are additional to the requirements of EN 17483-1.
This document specifies service requirements for quality in organization, processes, personnel and management of a security service provider and/or its independent branches and establishments under commercial law and trade as a provider with regard to security services in the energy sector.
This document defines quality criteria for the delivery of security services in the energy sector requested by public and private clients. This document is suitable for the selection, attribution, awarding and reviewing of the most suitable provider of security services in the energy sector.
NOTE 1 This document is the Part 4 of a series of standards on the provision of private security services for critical infrastructure. See Figure 2.
NOTE 2 It is important that the selection of a private security service provider always represents the best balance between quality and price. This document sets out the minimum requirements that providers are expected to comply with in order for this balance to be struck.
This document is not applicable to private security services in nuclear power plants.
A list of activities for Private Security Companies (PSC) in Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) in the energy sector comprises:
1. Perimeter Protection and Surveillance:
-  human - reception services, static guarding, patrols, dog-handler;
- technology – CCTV, unmanned vehicles (air/ground/sea); others;
- operation of a control/monitoring room;
- operation of an alarm monitoring centre;
- access Control and Management (turnstiles, barriers, authorization and badges).
2. Human and technology, e.g. use of screening and detection equipment for:
- vehicles;
- goods;
- visitors;
- staff;
- contractors;
3. Site security and mobile patrolling/ Static guarding activities required to secure a specific facility/area and mobile patrolling on-site and in buildings within the site;
4. Emergency response;
- alarm response;
- first aid response.

This document describes the test and assessment procedure for determining the contribution of reactive fire protection systems to the fire resistance of solid steel bars used as tension members, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in EN 1363-1. In special circumstances, where specified in National Building Regulations, there can be a need to subject reactive fire protection systems to a slow heating curve (smouldering fire) as defined in EN 1363-2. The corresponding test and assessment procedure are described in Annex E. The fire protection performance is determined by testing mechanically loaded steel bars in horizontal orientation. Information regarding the testing of additional unloaded specimens is given to assess the influence of the bar orientation and smouldering fire behaviour.
The principles of the testing and assessment procedure can also be applied for other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats. This document does not include steel bars used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
The document is applicable to steel bars up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm. In the case of rectangular bars, the maximum edge length shall be limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter edge length.
The test programme and the assessment are designed to cover:
-   a range of valid fire protection classification periods;
-   a range of thickness of the applied reactive fire protection system;
-   a range of steel bar dimensions and profiles;
-   a range of specified design temperatures;
-   a range of load utilisation factors in case of fire;
-   a range of bar orientation.
This document also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes how the analysis of the test data shall be made and gives guidance on the procedures by which interpolation shall be undertaken. The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a)   on the basis of data derived from mechanically loaded testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the reactive fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b)   on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the reactive fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied reactive fire protection system tested.

This document defines the term nonwovens and provides auxiliary terminology to distinguish nonwovens from other materials.

This document specifies requirements for two types of wire braid reinforced compact hoses and hose assemblies of nominal bore from 6 to 76, types 1SC and 2SC.
They are suitable for use with:
—   hydraulic fluids in accordance with ISO 6743 4 with the exception with the exception of all flame retardant HFD fluids at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C;
—   water-based fluids at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +70 °C;
—   water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C.
The hoses are not suitable for use with castor oil based nor phosphoric ester-based fluids.
This document does not include requirements for end fittings. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies.
NOTE   Requirements for hydraulic hoses for underground mining are covered in other documents.

This document gives guidance for pro-rata multi-habitat sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates in rivers and streams. The term "pro-rata" reflects the intention to sample all the main riverine habitats present at a monitoring site according to the proportion of the site that it covers. It is an objective way to divide sampling effort among the different habitats.
This document is applicable to all flowing waters, both artificial, modified and natural. It enables comparable samples to be collected from any type of river, regardless of the habitats present.
This document gives guidance on an overall approach rather than a specific method.
This document is applicable to:
- supporting environmental and conservation agencies, water boards, and water agencies to meet the monitoring requirements of the WFD (Article 8, Annex II, and Annex V) [1];
- generating data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting of sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive to ensure that samples for comparing the overall composition of invertebrates from different stream types are comparable;
- ensuring samples for environmental quality assessments across different stream types are comparable even when sampled by different people;
- supporting river management and restoration initiatives;
- sampling sites in a consistent way that is not dependent on the presence of particular types of habitat; a user-friendly strategy for collecting biological data depending on the distribution of habitats;
- understanding the distribution of biological community types across different physical river types; and
- assessing quality based on deviation from reference, as adopted in the European Water Framework Directive [1].

This document contains requirements for the competence and impartiality of bodies performing inspection, and for the consistent operation of their inspection activities.

ISO/IEC TS 27571:2026 specifies the basic brain–computer interface (BCI) data format including the definition of basic data elements, technology-specific information and metadata, design of an extensible and modular data structure, specification of metadata and annotation information, and the development of a standardized data format and naming convention for BCI data. This document is applicable to non-invasive BCI technologies, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and provides a comprehensive approach to BCI metadata formats in the product development environment. It takes into consideration various applications, ranging from neurological rehabilitation to human-computer interaction.

IEC 60794-1-126:2026 defines the test procedures used to establish uniform requirements for mechanical performance - galloping. It applies to optical fibre cables like ADSS, OPGW or OPPC that can be exposed to galloping phenomena. See IEC 60794-1-2 for general requirements and definitions and for a complete reference guide to test methods of all types. This first edition cancels and replaces Method E26 of the first edition of IEC 60794‑1‑21 published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Addition of "for ADSS" and "for OPGW and OPPC" in 4.7, a);
b) Addition of "L4" in Figure 1 and in 4.7, b);
c) Change of the specified static sag angle to ≤ 1,5±0,5°;
d) Improvement of Figure 1;

IEC 62133-1:2026 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of portable sealed secondary nickel cells and batteries containing alkaline electrolyte, under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 62133-1 published in 2017. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62133 1:2017: a) removal of the definition "secondary battery"; b) removal of the definition "portable battery"; c) "removal of the definition "portable cell"; d) replacement of the single term "room temperature" with 20 °C ± 5 °C in 7.2.3; e) modification of Figure 1.

IEC 61757:2026 defines, classifies, and provides a framework of generic tests or measurement methods for characterizing and specifying fibre optic sensors, including their specific components and subassemblies. The requirements of this document apply to all related fibre optic sensor standards that are part of the IEC 61757 series. Other parts of the IEC 61757 series contain requirements that are specific to sensors that measure particular quantities, and to a particular style or variant of such a fibre optic sensor. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) expansion of the list of metrological parameters; b) updates of the terms and definitions; c) updates of the normative references and bibliography; d) updates of the technical descriptions in Annex A.

IEC 62264-2:2026 specifies interface content exchanged between manufacturing control functions and other enterprise functions as interrelated information models. The information models are represented as an interrelated collection of conceptual object models which can be used for the implementation of applications with logical data and physical data models. The data exchanges in interfaces are scoped as between Level 3 manufacturing operations and Level 4 business systems in the hierarchical model defined in IEC 62264-1. The purpose of this document is to reduce the risk, cost, and errors associated with interface implementation. Since this document covers many manufacturing operations and enterprise domains and there are many different standards for those domains, the semantics of this data exchange standard are described at a conceptual level intended to enable the other standards to be mapped to these semantics. To this end, this document defines a set of elements contained in the generic interface, together with a mechanism for extending the interface content for implementations. The scope is limited to the definition of object models and attributes of the exchanged information defined in the IEC 62264-1. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. It is published as a double logo standard. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Due to the extent of the changes and updates, this document cannot ensure backward compatibility to implementations based on older editions. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition and ANSI/ISA 95.00.02-2018 (ED3): a) object models are added for the use of interactive communications to notify subscribers about the occurrence of events and to provide context information about the event, making the information exchange more efficient and consistent. The added object models were the operations event model and operations record model. b) operations location model and spatial definition attribute added to allow the description of operation locations. c) operations test model added to define how test specifications and test results are related to testable objects, operations test requirements, actual resource, and work definitions. d) definition of possible measurement uncertainty sub-attributes for all value, quantity and duration attributes defined in this document. e) updated hierarchy scope model. f) removed as separate models in this edition were the models for product definition, production schedule, production performance, and production capability. Their content is covered for all manufacturing operations management categories under operations models. g) object model was added for the operations segment capability as a collection of resources related to other operations models. h) updated relationship name and role name conventions established in 3.3.4 and implemented across all models and associated tables. i) updated all objects’ relationship role table with explicit source and target names. j) updated common header attributes for objects and property objects established in 4.5 and implemented across all models and associated tables. k) updated explanation of the ‘relationships between resource reference objects in operations management information models and resource models. These additional resource relationships are added to all operations management models. l) added an annex explanation for implementation options for specifying values in unit of measurement a

IEC 61375-1:2026 applies to the architecture of data communication systems in open trains, i.e. it covers the architecture of a communication system for the data communication between vehicles of the said open trains, the data communication within the vehicles and the data communication from train to the ground. The applicability of IEC 61375-1 to the train network technologies allows for interoperability of individual vehicles within open trains in international traffic. The data communication systems inside vehicles are given as recommended solutions to cope with the said TCN. In any case, proof of compatibility between a proposed train backbone and a proposed consist network will have to be brought by the supplier. IEC 61375-1 might be additionally applicable to closed trains and multiple unit trains when so agreed between purchaser and supplier. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Extension of train backbone topologies: aggregated and segregated topology; b) Added independent consist orientation check with segregated train backbone topology; c) Introduction of wireless technologies: wireless train backbone and wireless consist network; d) Possibility of virtual networks; e) Definition of data classes and protocol requirements suitable for the OMTS domain; f) New clause about cybersecurity in train communication networks.

RTBR/SMG-0019R1

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The honeycomb tensile-node bond strength is a fundamental property than can be used in determining whether honeycomb cores can be handled during cutting, machining and forming without the nodes breaking. The tensile-node bond strength is the tensile stress that causes failure of the honeycomb by rupture of the bond between the nodes. It is usually a peeling-type failure.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining tensile-node bond strength data for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-node bond strength of honeycomb core materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

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