Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies the design requirements (and tests) for the crimping of insulated and non-insulated joints to general purpose electrical cables for aircraft, with conductors of copper, copper alloy, aluminium or aluminium alloy, in locations in which the stabilized conductor temperature does not exceed the values specified for the relevant type of cable, i.e. 105 °C, 190 °C or 260 °C. This document specifies the type of cable to use for the joints (see 4.1). The document also contains recommendations relating to the inspection of such connections and the tools used to perform the crimping operation. Because satisfactory crimping is dependent upon the maintenance and setting of tools, it also contains recommendations for tests to confirm their serviceability. NOTE Testing of crimped joints to assess their suitability for aircraft shows that certain environmental conditions, for example vibration, have no significant effect on the performance of the joints. Therefore, such tests are not provided in this document.

This document provides guidelines on how to implement an eight-stage process to enhance resilience to disruptions arising from emergencies, disasters or crises. It describes how a local resilience partnership can work with members of the public, civil society and business sectors to address needs in society that have been created by a disruption. The process describes how the local resilience partnership can create a local resilience capability that encourages self-help and helping others, while focusing on the needs of priority groups. This document describes: how the local resilience partnership can co-design and create a capability to enhance resilience to disruption; partnerships and establishing a shared vision to enhance societal resilience; risks, vulnerabilities, needs, and community assets; implementation and management of capability; evaluation and continual improvement. This document takes a whole-of-society approach to enhancing resilience by adopting principles and developing systems to support societal networks, organizations (from private, public, and voluntary sectors), community groups, and individuals. This document is applicable to any organization or group involved in enhancing the resilience of society to disruption.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Isatis indigotica root derived from the plant Isatis indigotica Fort. It is applicable to Isatis indigotica roots that are sold as Chinese material medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document presents the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including neural networks (NN), in multimedia coding and processing activities. It describes the current perspectives on AI for multimedia and identifies working assumptions and technical challenges expected from working with AI and NN-based technologies. This document highlights a variety of multimedia coding activities, key scenarios and gaps that are to be addressed by further standardization efforts.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products: having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg: motor gasolines containing up to a mass fraction of 3,7 % (3,7 % (m/m)) of oxygen [including those blended with a volume fraction of ethanol up to about 10 % (10 % (V/V))]; diesel fuels, including those containing up to a volume fraction of about 50 % of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME); having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg: synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL); having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg: neat FAME (B100) and diesel fuels containing volume fraction of more than 50 % of FAME. Other products (for example process feeds and effluents) can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.

This document specifies test methods for measurement of the performance of purely electrically propelled vehicles classified as passenger cars and light duty vehicles which are defined in the relevant regional applicable driving test (ADT) standards. NOTE Performance comprises road operating characteristics such as speed, acceleration and hill climbing ability.

This document establishes a vocabulary of the most commonly used terms in the field of cranes. This document defines terms concerning the main crane types and classifications, parameters, general concepts and component parts. NOTE Diagrams illustrating some of the definitions are given only for general guidance.

This document defines the concepts, characteristics and models associated with shared manufacturing. It identifies models associated with shared manufacturing practices and provides principles of intellectual property (IP) management in shared manufacturing. This document is applicable to stakeholders engaged in shared manufacturing.

This document specifies general requirements and test methods for portable dental equipment for use in non-permanent healthcare environments. This document applies to portable dental units, portable patient chairs, portable operator’s stools, portable operating lights, portable suction source equipment, portable air compressors and other portable dental equipment in instances where these devices are designed and constructed to be transported for use in non-permanent healthcare environments. NOTE Particular requirements for specific types of portable dental equipment for use in non-permanent healthcare environments are specified in subsequent parts of this document. This document does not apply to stationary dental equipment, wearable equipment (e.g. headlamps and loupes), mobile dental equipment or portable dental equipment that is not intended to be used in non-permanent healthcare environments or not designed to be disassembled, folded or packed for human transport between non-permanent healthcare environments. Requirements for stationary dental equipment that can be installed in a dental mobile medical facility (e.g. vehicular or containerized mobile dental clinic) are not considered in this document.

IEC 60947-10:2026 applies to semiconductor circuit-breakers with a rated voltage up to 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC, intended to be installed and operated by instructed or skilled persons.
This document covers the following different types:
- semiconductor circuit-breakers (SCCBs) having semiconductor switching elements and, for isolation function, mechanical isolation contacts connected in series;
- semiconductor hybrid circuit-breakers (SCHCBs) having semiconductor switching elements and mechanical switching elements in parallel and in addition, for isolation function, mechanical isolation contacts connected in series.
In this document, where the term "circuit-breaker" only is used, it applies to both types.
This document applies regardless of the rated currents, the method of construction or the proposed applications of the circuit-breakers.
The object of this document is to state:
a) the characteristics of circuit-breakers;
b) the conditions with which circuit-breakers shall comply with reference to:
1) operation and behaviour in normal service;
2) operation and behaviour under specific abnormal circuit conditions (e.g. overload or short-circuit);
3) dielectric properties;
4) requirements on electromagnetic compatibility;
c) tests intended for confirming that these conditions have been met and the methods to be adopted for these tests;
d) information to be marked on or given with the circuit-breakers.

This document specifies requirements for the most important metrological and design characteristics of plain limit gauges of linear size.
This document defines the different types of plain limit gauges used to verify linear dimensional specifications associated with linear size.
This document also defines the design characteristics and the metrological characteristics for these limit gauges as well as the new or wear limits state maximum permissible limits (MPLs) for the new state or wear limits state for these metrological characteristics.
In addition, this document describes the use of limit gauges. It covers linear sizes of up to 500 mm.

This part of IEC/IEEE 62395 provides detailed recommendations for the system design, installation, maintenance and repair of electrical resistance trace heating systems in industrial and commercial applications. This document does not include or provide for any applications in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document pertains to trace heating systems that can comprise either factory fabricated or field-assembled (work-site) units, and which can be series or parallel trace heaters, or surface heaters (heater pads or heater panels) that have been assembled and/or terminated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
The products covered by this document are intended to be installed by persons who are suitably trained in the techniques required and that only trained personnel carry out especially critical work, such as the installation of connections and terminations. Installations are intended to be carried out under the supervision of a qualified person who has undergone supplementary training in electric trace heating systems.
This document does not cover induction, impedance or skin effect heating.
Trace heating systems and surface heating systems can be grouped into different types of installations. These are characterized by different requirements for testing and are usually certified for a specific type of installation or application. Typical applications for the different types of installation are shown in Table 1.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for measuring the accuracy of electronic apex locators that are used to determine the apex location during endodontic treatment.

This part of IEC/IEEE 62395 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements.
This document pertains to trace heating systems that can comprise either factory-fabricated or field-assembled (work-site) units, and which can be series and parallel trace heaters or surface heaters (heater pads and heater panels) that have been assembled and/or terminated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
This document also includes requirements for termination assemblies and control methods used with trace heating systems.
This document provides the essential requirements and testing appropriate to electrical resistance trace heating equipment used in industrial and commercial applications. The products complying with this document are intended to be installed by persons who are suitably trained in the techniques required and that only trained personnel carry out especially critical work, such as the installation of connections and terminations. Installations are intended to be carried out under the supervision of a qualified person who has undergone supplementary training in electric trace heating systems.
This document does not include or provide for any applications in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document does not cover induction, impedance or skin effect heating. Trace heating systems are grouped into different types of applications and the different conditions found during and after installation necessitate different requirements for testing. Trace heating systems are usually for a specific type of installation or application. The product type grouping, applications and product attributes are indicated in Table 1.
NOTE Trace heating systems intended for use in explosive atmospheres are the subject of IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 [3] and IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2 [4].

This document specifies the standard cost coding system (SCCS) that classifies costs, work hours and quantities for the assets and operations associated with the oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy activities. This document covers all life cycle phases of the assets and operations.
The SCCS is applicable to:
cost estimation;
benchmarking;
cost monitoring and reporting;
collection of quantities, work hours and cost data;
exchange of cost data among organizations;
implementation in cost systems.
This document also provides a basis for the establishment of:
cost classification relevant to cost accounting rules, specific contractual agreements, local requirements for cost reporting to national bodies, government rules and tax regulations, authorization for expenditure, billing purposes, etc.;
unique project breakdown structures (e.g. work breakdown structures, contract breakdown structures and organizational breakdown structures) or asset breakdown structures (e.g. tag or system codes and area or module breakdown structures).
This document is intended for the following users:
operators or owners;
contractors;
vendors, manufacturers or suppliers;
authorities or regulatory bodies;
benchmarking companies;
consultants.

The present document defines the stage 3 specifications of the Supplementary Service Pre-emptive Priority Call (SS-PPC) for the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). SS-PPC enables a user to have preferential access to the network resources in a TETRA system in times of congestion including pre-emption of calls. SS-PPC is applicable for pre-emptive priorities including the emergency priority. SS-PPC includes the capability to pre-empt resources needed for higher priority calls and the capability to pre-empt users from ongoing calls in order to move them to higher priority calls. SS-PPC specifies the definition, activation, deactivation and interrogation for the usage of pre-emptive call priorities in the TETRA system. The Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) applies the SS-PPC priorities when it allocates the resources for calls. The SS-PPC operations are defined for the SwMI and for the Mobile Station (MS). SS-PPC is defined to subscribers of one TETRA system, but the subscribers may be located in several TETRA systems and the information flows may be delivered over the Inter System Interface (ISI). SS-PPC is invoked for calls within one TETRA system or for calls that extend over ISI to several TETRA systems. Man-Machine Interface (MMI) and charging principles are outside the scope of the present document. Supplementary Service stage 3 specification is preceded by the stage 1 and the stage 2 specifications of the service. Stage 1 describes the functional capabilities from the user's point of view. Stage 2 defines the functional behaviour in terms of Functional Entities (FEs) and information flows. Stage 3 gives a precise description of the supplementary service from the implementation point of view. It defines the protocol for the service and the encoding rules for the information flows. It defines the processes for the FEs and their behaviour. The described protocols and behaviour apply to the SwMI, for the MS and may be applied over the ISI between TETRA systems. Aspects relating to all supplementary services are detailed in ETSI EN 300 392-9 [3].

This document defines basic terms, symbols and units of measurement for the field of laser technology in order to unify the terminology, and to arrive at clear definitions and reproducible tests of beam parameters and laser-oriented product properties. NOTE The laser hierarchical vocabulary laid down in this document differs from that given in IEC 60825–1. ISO and IEC have discussed this difference and agree that it reflects the different purposes for which the two standards serve. For more details, see informative Annex A.

IEC 60695-2-10:2026 specifies the glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure to simulate the effects of thermal stresses which may be produced by heat sources such as glowing elements or overloaded resistors, for short periods, in order to assess the fire hazard by a simulation technique. The test procedure described in this document is a common test procedure intended for the small-scale tests in which a standardized electrically heated wire is used as a source of ignition. It is a common part of the test procedures applied to end products and to solid electrical insulating materials or other solid combustible materials. A detailed description of each particular test procedure is given in IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12 and IEC 60695-2-13.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) revision of 4.3 to add reference to new Annex D;
b) addition of new normative Annex D on "Use of pyrometer for glow-wire test";
c) revision of Clause 3 references to align with ISO 13943:2017.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12, and IEC 60695-2-13.

The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for magnetron-based inland waterways navigational radars having the following characteristics:
• Transmitter peak power not exceeding 10 kW.
• Operating on a pulse modulated single, non-tuneable carrier frequency in the range specified in Table 1.
• At the transmitter output, a 4 port RF-circulator or equivalent is used.
• The antenna is passive, rotating and waveguide based.
• The radar display is an integral part of the equipment.

This document specifies a method for determining the content of wet gluten and the gluten index for wheat flours (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf.) by mechanical means.
This document is directly applicable to flours. It is also applicable to common and durum wheat after grinding, if their particular size distribution meets the specification given in Table B.1.
NOTE            This document is related to ICC 137/1[7], ICC 155[8] and AACC Method 38-12.02[9].

IEC 60794-1-136:2026 specifies procedures to determine the maximum allowable push force applied on cables during the installation by blowing. Currently this parameter is determined by a separate test on the cable before installation. The methods specified in this document apply primarily to low-diameter cables (microduct cables according to IEC 60794-5) without rigid strength elements (e.g. GRP rods).

IEC/IEEE 62395-1:2024 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes, apart from general revisions of IEC 62395-1 and harmonization with IEEE 515 [1] and IEEE 515.1 [2], with respect to the previous edition: a) Added control and monitoring requirements for fire sprinkler systems and safety showers. b) Provided a supplemental ice bath method for verification of rated output. c) Provided constructional and type test requirements for glands used to terminate heating devices to an exposed enclosure.

IEC 62321-3-1:2026 is available as IEC 62321-3-1:2026 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 62321-3-1:2026 describes the screening analysis of substances, specifically lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), total chromium (Cr), total bromine (Br), total phosphorus (P), assuming the source of P is related to TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8), Trixylyl-phosphate (CAS 25155‑23‑1), total chlorine (Cl), assuming the source of Cl is related to SCCP (CAS 85535‑84‑8), TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8) , TBTC (CAS 1461‑22‑9), total tin (Sn), assuming the source of Sn is related to restricted organo-tin compounds, total antimony (Sb), assuming the source of Sb is related to Pyrochlore, and antimony lead yellow (CAS 8012‑00‑8) in uniform materials found in electrotechnical products, using the analytical technique of X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous editions of IEC 62321-3-1:2013 and IEC 62321:2008: a) This second edition of IEC 62321-3-1 includes the analysis of additional elements as indicators for additional substances. The selection is based on IEC TR 62936:2016. There are also comments about using the same methology for screening for content of critical raw materials (CRMs). This document has been given the status of a horizontal document in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

IEC 60794-1-125:2026 specifies the ripcord functional test procedure used to measure the functionality of the cable ripcord. This first edition cancels and replaces cancels and replaces Method E25 of the first edition of the IEC 60794-1-21:2015.

IEC 61643-361:2026 applies to surge isolation transformers (SITs) dedicated to surge mitigation and for connection to 50/60 Hz power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS. This document covers the surge and mitigation performance of SITs with an impulse withstand voltage performance of at least 30 kV, and provides standard methods for testing and rating. This document covers surge-related parameters but does not address typical transformer tests and parameters covered by the IEC 61558 series [13][1]. This document also does not cover SIT operation under differential mode lightning surge conditions. [1] Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

IEC 62807-2:2026 is a sectional specification for hybrid communication cables used for indoor applications. It specifies terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms, the design and construction, rated values and characteristics, performance requirements and test methods, packaging and quality assurance.
Hybrid cables are designed for networks and customer premises cabling that transmit data, control and signalling services over optical fibres, copper conductors, for example coaxial element, wire/pair/quad element, and can have the option of supplying electrical current to remote equipment.
In the IEC 62807 series, the current carrying elements are used only to supply power to the equipment within the communication network. They are not used for power supply main. The specific uses are defined in the relevant specification.
The MICE classifications specified in ISO/IEC 11801-1 are fully considered when determining the performance requirements and test methods for a hybrid cable application.

IEC 63230:2026 applies to runners of reaction turbines, regardless of their size and capacity. These can include radial turbines such as Francis turbines, axial turbines such as Kaplan and propeller turbines, as well as diagonal turbines, in all possible configurations. In the case of turbine runners with adjustable blades, the internal mechanical components of the blades' adjustment mechanism are excluded from this document. Pelton turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines are not covered in this first edition, even though several topics are applicable to these types of hydraulic machines. Specificities and applicability to Pelton turbine and pump-turbines will be discussed in a later revision of the standard This document outlines the methodologies for conducting a fatigue assessment of turbine runners. It encompasses several key aspects, such as defining the load events to be considered during the assessment, determining stresses for each of these load events, as well as the detailed approaches for assessing fatigue of new and existing runners. Additionally, it includes manufacturing and quality assurance requirements to be complied with to achieve the desired material fatigue properties and effectively apply the proposed fatigue assessment methodologies. This document also contains best practices for performing and analysing on-site strain gauge measurements performed on existing runners to evaluate their fatigue life. The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines to assess fatigue in new and existing turbine runners. It does not specify if a fatigue assessment should be performed or not for a given runner. However, Annex B provides guidance to evaluate the necessity of realizing a fatigue assessment or not for a given new runner. The methods described in this document can also be used for remaining life assessments of in-service runners

IEC 62196-3:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2025. This document applies to high power DC interfaces and combined AC/DC interfaces of vehicle couplers that are intended for use in conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-23. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The content of IEC TS 62196-3-1 has been integrated into this document as normative Annex AA. b) increased ratings for all configurations; c) reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1:2025 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the design of field studies with soil invertebrates (e.g. for the monitoring of the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). It applies to all terrestrial biotopes inhabited by soil invertebrates, although this information can vary according to the national requirements or the climatic and regional conditions of the site to be sampled.
NOTE            While this document aims to be applicable globally, the existing information refers mostly to temperate regions. However, the (few) studies from other (tropical and boreal) regions, as well as theoretical considerations, allow the conclusion that the principles laid down in this document are generally valid.[1]],[[11]],[[12]],[[13]

This document specifies the method of verification and calibration of testing machines for carrying out the instrumented indentation test in accordance with ISO 14577-1.
It specifies a direct verification method for verifying and calibrating the main functions of the testing machine and an indirect verification method suitable for the determination of the repeatability of the testing machine.
The methods in ISO 14577 are applicable to all systems that comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 14577.

This document specifies the nominal dimensions and masses of the hot rolled steel channels, I and H sections.
The following shapes are covered by this document:
Sections:
- parallel flange I sections IPE;
- parallel wide flange beams HE;
- parallel extra wide flange beams HL and HLZ;
- parallel wide flange columns HD;
- parallel wide flange bearing piles HP and UBP;
- parallel flange universal beams UB;
- parallel flange universal columns UC;
- taper flange I sections IPN and J.
Channels:
- parallel flange channels UPE and PFC;
- taper flange channels UPN, U and CH.
These requirements do not apply to hot rolled steel channels, I- and H- sections from stainless steel.

This document specifies a general audit and quality system requirements for the production, which is a common part for every manufacturer of every kind of supplementary grip device (SGD).

This document entitled “Public transport – Reference data model – Part 5: Fare Management” is composed of the following data packages:
⎯ Fare Structure;
⎯ Access Right Assignment;
⎯ Fare Pricing;
⎯ Sales Description;
⎯ Sales Transaction;
⎯ Fare Roles;
⎯ Validation and Control;
⎯ Explicit Frames for Fares.
This document itself is composed of the following parts:
⎯ Main document representing the data model for the concepts shared by the different domains covered by Transmodel (normative);
⎯ Annex A, containing the data dictionary and attribute tables, i.e., the list of all the concepts presented in the main document together with the definitions (normative);
⎯ Annex B, presenting the model evolution (informative).
⎯ Annex C, providing details of the significant technical changes between this document and EN 12896-5:2019 (informative)

This document incorporates the following main data packages:
-   Network Description;
-   Fixed Object;
-   Tactical Planning Components;
-   Explicit Frame.
It is composed of the following parts:
-   main document representing the data model for the concepts shared by the different domains covered by Transmodel (normative);
-   Annex A containing the data dictionary and attribute tables, i.e. the list of all the concepts presented in the main document together with their definitions (normative);
-   Annex B presenting the model evolution (informative).
-   Annex C, providing details of the significant technical changes between this document and EN 12896-2:2016 (informative).

1.1   General Scope of the Standard
The main objective of the present standard is to present the Reference Data Model for Public Transport, based on:
-   the Reference Data Model, EN12896, known as Transmodel V5.1,
-   CEN EN 28701, known as IFOPT,
incorporating the requirements  of
-   EN 15531-1 to -3 and TS 15531-4 and -5: Service interface for real-time information relating to public transport operations (SIRI),
-   TS 16614-1 and 2: Network and Timetable Exchange (NeTEx), in particular,  the specific needs for long distance train operation.
A particular attention is drawn to the data model structure and methodology:
-   the data model is described in a modular form in order to facilitate the understanding and the use of the model,
-   the data model is entirely described in UML.
In particular, a Reference Data Model kernel is described, referring to the data domain:
-   Network Description: routes, lines, journey patterns, timing patterns, service patterns, scheduled stop points and stop places.
This part corresponds to the Transmodel V5.1 Network Description extended by the IFOPT relevant parts.
Furthermore, the following functional domains are considered:
-   Timing Information and Vehicle Scheduling  (runtimes, vehicle journeys, day type-related vehicle schedules)  
-   Passenger Information (planned and real-time)
-   Fare Management (fare structure, sales, validation, control)
-   Operations Monitoring and Control: operating day-related data, vehicle follow-up , control actions
-   Management Information and Statistics (including data dedicated to service performance indicators).
-   Driver Management:
-   Driver Scheduling (day-type related driver schedules),
-   Rostering (ordering of driver duties into sequences according to some chosen methods),
-   Driving Personnel Disposition (assignment of logical drivers to physical drivers and recording of driver performance).  
The data modules dedicated to cover most functions of the above domains will be specified.
Several concepts are shared by the different functional domains. This data domain is called “Common Concepts”.
1.2   Functional Domain Description
The different functional domains taken into account in the present standard and of which the data have been represented as the reference data model are described in “Public Transport Reference Data Model - Part 1: Common Concepts”.
They are:
-   Public Transport Network and Stop Description
-   Timing Information and Vehicle scheduling
-   Passenger information
-   Fare Management
-   Operations monitoring and control
-   Management information
-   Personnel Management: Driver Scheduling, Rostering, Personnel Disposition.
The aspects of multi-modal operation and multiple operators’ environment are also taken into account.
1.3   Particular Scope of this Document
The present European Standard entitled “Reference Data Model for Public Transport – Part 3: Timing Information and Vehicle Scheduling”. incorporates
-   Journey and Journey Times Model: describes the time-related information at the level of vehicle journeys, i.e. planned timing for the vehicles at day-type level.
-   Dated Journey Model: describes the link of the timing information for a single operating day and the day type related timing,
-   Passing Times Model: describes all the different types of passing times for the day type related information,
-   Vehicle Service Model: describes the information related the work of vehicles as planned for days types. It constitutes the main part of the Vehicle Scheduling Data Domain.
-   Vehicle Journey Assignment Model: describes operational assignments (advertised vehicle labels, stopping positions) related to particular vehicle journeys.
This document itself is composed of the following parts:
-   Main document (normative) representing the data model,
(...)

This document incorporates data structures used by all other data domains of Transmodel. It is composed of the following data packages:
-   versions and validity;
-   responsibility;
-   generic framework;
-   reusable components;
-   explicit frames referring to generic data.
The data structures represented in this part are either generic patterns that can be explicitly reused in other domains (e.g., a generic model for version frames, a generic grouping mechanism, etc.) or are referenced by different other parts (e.g., service calendar model).
This document itself is composed of the following parts:
-   main document representing the data model for the concepts shared by the different domains covered by Transmodel (normative);
-   Annex A containing the data dictionary and attribute tables, i.e., the list of all the concepts present in the main document, together with their definitions (normative);
-   Annex B, indicating the data model evolutions (informative),
-   Annex C, presenting the Transmodel development history (informative),
-   Annex D, describing all conventions, methodology and notations for conceptual modelling (informative),
-   Annex E, providing a clear overview to help readers understand the core principles, structure, and purpose of Transmodel (informative),
-   Annex F, providing information on the Functional domains and Modes of operation (informative).
-   Annex G, providing details of the significant technical changes between this document and EN 12896-1:2015 (informative).

The document incorporates the following main data packages:
-   Trip Description;
-   Passenger Information Queries.
It is composed of the following parts:
-   main document representing the data model for the concepts shared by the different fare domains covered by Transmodel (normative);
-   Annex A, containing the data dictionary and attribute tables, i.e. the list of all the concepts presented in the main document together with the definitions (normative);
-   Annex B presenting the model evolution (informative).
-   Annex C, providing details of the significant technical changes between this document and EN 12896 6:2019 (informative).

IEC TS 63537:2026 addresses the requirements for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation test of power system stability control system (see definition in 3.1.2). Its purpose is to provide guidelines encompassing the use of terms and definitions, as well as the objective and general requirements for HIL simulation test. The TS covers the test requirements, test system, test contents, and test quality management. This document improves the safe and stable operation of the power system.

IEC 60940:2026 establishes general rules and safety requirements on the application of capacitors, resistors, inductors, and complete filter units for electromagnetic interference suppression which will be connected to an AC mains or other supply (DC or AC) with a nominal voltage not exceeding 1 000 V AC having a nominal frequency not exceeding 400 Hz, or 1 500 V DC.
It facilitates drafters of product safety standards and other stakeholders such as designers, manufacturers, service providers, policy makers and regulators to consider safety aspects for the intended use and the reasonably foreseeable misuse of these components in its products and systems and apply risk reduction measures to achieve a tolerable risk level.
This third edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) new title to change the document from “guidance” into “general rules and safety requirements;
b) new content added (Clause 5 to Clause 9);
c) the previous edition is partly contained in Clause 4.

IEC TS 62607-6-24:2026 which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the key control characteristic (KCC)
• number of layer distribution
for CVD graphene film by
• optical contrast measurement
The number of layers and number of layer distribution of CVD graphene film is derived by G‑channel contrast values.
This method is applicable for clean CVD graphene film without twisted multilayer structures on a SiO2/Si substrate.

IEC 60079-10-2 is concerned with the identification and classification of areas where explosive dust atmospheres and combustible dust layers are present in order to permit the proper assessment of ignition sources in such areas. In this document, explosive dust atmospheres and combustible dust layers are treated separately. In Clause 4, area classification for explosive dust clouds is described, with dust layers acting as one of the possible sources of release. In Clause 7, other general considerations for dust layers are described. The examples in this document are based on a system of effective housekeeping being implemented in the plant to prevent dust layers from accumulating. Where effective housekeeping is not present, the area classification includes the possible formation of explosive dust clouds from dust layers. The principles of this document can also be followed when combustible fibres or flyings might cause a hazard.
Atmospheric conditions include variations in pressure and temperature above and below reference levels of 101,3 kPa (1 013 mbar) and 20 °C (293 K), provided that the variations have a negligible effect on the explosive properties of the combustible material. For air with normal oxygen content, typically a volume fraction of 21 % is assumed.
It does not apply to:
a) underground mining areas;
b) dusts of explosives that do not require atmospheric oxygen for combustion such as pyrophoric substances, propellants, pyrotechnics, munitions, peroxides, oxidizers, water‑reactive elements or compounds, or other similar materials;
c) catastrophic failures or rare malfunctions which are outside the conditions dealt with in this document;
d) rooms used for medical purposes;
e) domestic premises;
f) where a hazard is due to the presence of flammable gas or vapour, but the principles can be used in the assessment of a hybrid mixture (see also IEC 60079-10-1).
This document does not consider the effects of consequential damage following a fire or an explosion. Please refer to the foreword of the document for a detailed listing of the significant technical changes from the previous edition.

ISO/IEC 14543-4-304:2026 specifies an application-layer protocol important for ensuring interoperability among the products of various manufacturers regarding communications between electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charger and dischargers and controllers. It uses the network enhanced communications device (NECD) protocol specified in ISO/IEC 14543-4-3. This protocol is based on UDP using IPv4 or IPv6 (TCP is optional).

IEC TS 63427:2026 provides principles and technical requirements for the adjustment potential of demand side resources in demand side management. Demand side resources include dispatchable loads, electrical energy storage, grid-connected microgrids, and distributed energy resources, which are connected to power distribution systems and capable of adjusting their operating state and exchanging information with grid control systems. It includes the DSR characteristics, system requirements, data preparation and evaluation process.
The adjustments of demand side resources can be subject to relevant local regulations or specifications. Electricity market mechanisms, user behaviour and data privacy are excluded from the scope of this document.

ISO/IEC 14543-4-303:2026 specifies an application-layer protocol important for ensuring interoperability among the products of various manufacturers regarding communications between electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) chargers and controllers. It uses the network enhanced communications device (NECD) protocol specified in ISO/IEC 14543-4-3. This protocol is based on UDP using IPv4 or IPv6 (TCP is optional).

IEC TS 63346-2-1:2026 establishes the general principles for the design of low-voltage auxiliary power systems (APS) with nominal voltages below or equal to 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC, and nominal frequency up to and including 60 Hz, so as to provide safe and correct operation for the intended use.
This document applies to the design of low-voltage auxiliary systems for
- substations, which are part of an electrical system, confined to a given area, mainly including ends of transmission or distribution lines, electrical switchgear and controlgear, buildings and transformers,
- converter stations,
- hydropower stations, where the gravitational energy of water is converted into electricity, and
- thermal power stations, where the thermal energy is obtained by burning fossil fuels.

IEC/IEEE 60802:2026 defines time-sensitive networking profiles for industrial automation. The profiles select features, options, configurations, defaults, protocols, and procedures of bridges, end stations, and LANs to build industrial automation networks. This document also specifies YANG modules defining read-only information available online and offline as a digital data sheet. This document also specifies YANG modules for remote procedure calls and actions to address requirements arising from industrial automation networks.

RTBR/SMG-0019R1

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with specified inclines. The emulsified asphalts are grouped into three types, as follows: Type I, which contains fillers or fibers including asbestos; Type II, which contains fillers or fibers other than asbestos; and Type III, which do not contain any form of fibrous reinforcement. These types are further subdivided into two classes, as follows: Class 1, which is prepared with mineral colloid emulsifying agents; and Class 2, which is prepared with chemical emulsifying agents. Other than consistency and homogeneity of the final products, they shall also conform to specified physical property requirements such as weight, residue by evaporation, ash content of residue, water content flammability, firm set, flexibility, resistance to water, and behavior during heat and direct flame tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with inclines of not less than 4 % or 42 mm/m [1/2 in./ft].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGC-0429511vf60