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This document specifies a test method for the determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement, under three-point or four-point bend at room temperature. This document is applicable to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional xD with (2 < x ≤ 3) as defined in ISO 19634, loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

This document specifies a method for determining the colour fastness to perspiration of leather of all kinds at all stages of processing. It applies particularly to gloving, clothing and lining leathers, as well as leather for the uppers of unlined shoes.

This document gives guidance on the issues related to the conformity assessment of explosives manufactured on-site.
On one hand, it specifies requirements to be considered for the assessment during the design phase of the explosive and a simple and robust approach to follow for the assessment of the conformity in the production phase.
And on the other hand, it specifies requirements for the mobile manufacturing units and their accessories as a contribution to the guarantee of the conformity of explosives produced in on-site conditions with no access to a laboratory.
This document gives guidance on also basic requirements for explosives loading equipment.
This document does not apply to the preparation of multi-component explosives as they neither require manufacturing equipment nor mechanical loading.
NOTE 1   This document does not address the requirements of the transport of dangerous goods regulations.
NOTE 2   This document does not address the requirements established in Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery).
NOTE 3   Despite the provisions given in this document, other provisions provided for in state, federal or local regulations apply.
NOTE 4   The intention of this document is not to hinder the development and use of new technologies (including equipment and processes) for the on-site manufacture of explosive, but because of limited access to testing resources on site, the approach consisting of having specified requirements for the equipment is valid to ensure the conformity of future products and technologies.

This document defines a test method to permit a classification according to EN 13123-2:2025 for explosion resistance of windows, doors, shutters as well as curtain walling elements, complete with their frames, infills and fixings. This document gives no information on the ability of the surrounding wall or building structure to resist the direct or transmitted forces.

This document defines a test method to permit a classification according to EN 13123-1:2025 for explosion resistance of windows, doors, shutters as well as curtain walling elements, complete with their frames, infills and fixings. This document gives no information on the ability of the surrounding wall or building structure to resist the direct or transmitted forces.

This European standard specifies gas quality characteristics, parameters and their limits, for gases classified as group H that are to be transmitted, injected into and from storages, distributed and utilized.
NOTE   For information on gas families and gas groups see EN 437.
This European standard does not cover gases conveyed on isolated networks.
For biomethane, additional requirements indicated in prEN 16723 1 apply.

This document defines terms related to security and resilience topics.

This document specifies the classification, requirements and test methods for endodontic sealing materials used in dentistry.
This document is applicable to materials used for conventional orthograde endodontic sealing (Type 1) and materials used for other endodontic sealing procedures including apexification, perforation filling, resorption treatment or retrograde root-end filling (Type 2).
The Type 2 endodontic sealing materials may be used for vital pulp therapy. However, this document does not address or include requirements for vital pulp therapy.
This document does not specify requirements or test methods for sterility.
NOTE 1        Reference to applicable national regulations and internationally accepted pharmacopeias can be made.
NOTE 2        National requirements regarding sterilization processes, if available, can be used. Standards on methods of validating sterilization processes are also available: ISO 11737-1, ISO 11737-2 and ISO 11737-3.

The present document defines a dictionary of parameters that are commonly used in multiple TC LI specifications. Aside from defining a dictionary, the present document aims to provide technical means for other specifications to use. It is encouraged to use the present document in the development of new specifications. It is foreseen that regular maintenance of the present document is required. As such, release management requirements will be defined. Before accepting any new common parameter, the present document will provide a set of requirements the parameter has to comply to in order to become a common parameter.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, this document specifies symbols and methods to distinguish graphic characters which share the same glyph or are represented by similar glyphs on keyboards (including virtual keyboards) and in documentation. Each of these symbols is intended to be considered as universal and non-language related equivalent of names for the function they represent.

This document is applicable to the basic safety and essential performance of sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, intended to alleviate the symptoms of patients who suffer from obstructive sleep apnoea by delivering a therapeutic breathing pressure to the respiratory tract of the patient. Sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment is intended for use in the home healthcare environment by lay operators as well as in professional healthcare institutions. Sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment is not considered to utilize a physiologic closed-loop-control system unless it uses a physiological patient variable to adjust the therapy settings. This document excludes sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment intended for use with neonates. This document is applicable to ME equipment or an ME system intended for those patients who are not dependent on artificial ventilation. This document is not applicable to ME equipment or an ME system intended for those patients who are dependent on artificial ventilation such as patients with central sleep apnoea. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment. Masks and application accessories intended for use during sleep apnoea breathing therapy are additionally addressed by ISO 17510. Refer to Figure AA.1 for items covered further under this document. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard. NOTE 2 See also 4.2 of the general standard. This document does not specify the requirements for: – ventilators or accessories intended for critical care ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12. – ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601-2-13. – ventilators or accessories intended for home care ventilators for ventilator-dependent patients, which are given in ISO 80601-2-72. – ventilators or accessories intended for emergency and transport, which are given in ISO 80601-2-84. – ventilators or accessories intended for home-care ventilatory support, which are given in ISO 80601‑2-79 and ISO 80601‑2‑80. – high-frequency ventilators[23], which are given in ISO 80601-2-87. – respiratory high flow equipment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑90; NOTE 3 ISO 80601-2-80 ventilatory support equipment can incorporate high-flow therapy operational mode, but such a mode is only for spontaneously breathing patients. – user-powered resuscitators, which are given in ISO 10651-4; – gas-powered emergency resuscitators, which are given in ISO 10651-5; – oxygen therapy constant flow ME equipment; and – cuirass or “iron-lung” ventilation equipment.

IEC 61643-11:2025 is applicable to devices for surge protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages. These devices are intended to be connected to AC power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS, the preferred frequencies taken into account in this document are 50/60 Hz. Other frequencies are not excluded. Performance and safety requirements, tests and ratings are specified in this document. These devices contain at least one nonlinear component and are intended to limit surge voltages and divert surge currents. The test requirements provided by this document are based on the assumption that the SPD is connected to an AC power circuit fed by a power source providing a linear voltage-current characteristic. When the SPD is to be connected to a different kind of source or to a different frequency, careful consideration is required. This mainly applies with regard to system and fault conditions to be expected in such a system (e.g. expected short circuit current, TOV-stresses). This document can apply for railway applications, when related product standards do not exist for that area or for certain applications. Based on a risk assessment it might not be necessary to apply all requirements of this document to SPDs designed for specific power applications only, e.g. circuits with a low power capability, circuits supplied by nonlinear sources, circuits with protective separation from the utility supply. NOTE 1 More information on risk assessment is provided in IEC Guide 116. NOTE 2 Other exclusions based on national regulations are possible. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Specific requirements for SPDs for AC applications are now contained in this document, whereas the common requirements for all SPDs are now contained in IEC 61643-01; b) Clarification on test application either to a complete SPD, to a "mode of protection", or to a complete "SPD assembly"; c) Additional measurement of voltage protection level on "combined modes of protection" between live conductors and PE; d) Additional duty test for T1 and T2 SPDs with follow current to check variation of the follow current value at lower impulse currents; e) Modified and amended short circuit current test requirements to better cover up to date internal SPD disconnector technologies; f) Improved dielectric test requirements for the SPD's main circuits and added dielectric test requirements for "electrically separated circuits"; g) Additional clearance requirements for "electrically separated circuits". The requirements of this document supplement, modify or replace certain of the general requirements contained in IEC 61643-01 and shall be read and applied together with the latest edition of IEC 61643-01, as indicated by the undated normative reference in Clause 2 of this document.

This document specifies a test method for determining short-term deformation of a press-fit acetabular component for total hip joint replacement under specific laboratory conditions. This document also defines the conditions of testing so that the important parameters that affect the components are taken into account and it describes how the specimen is set up for testing. The described method is intended to be used to measure the amount of deformation under load and plastic deformation after unloading of various designs and materials used for acetabular components in total hip joint replacement. These measurements are then used in an evaluation of risks associated with acetabular cup deformation for the acetabular component under evaluation to determine if its performance can be adversely affected. In the evaluation of risks associated with acetabular component deformation, it can be useful to take into consideration various design, material and surgical implantation factors (e.g. those identified in REF Section_sec_8 \r \h Clause 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0038000000 ), and, if necessary, a comparison of results to a reference implant tested under the same conditions. Depending on this evaluation, either additional testing or clinical data, or both, which is outside the scope of this document, can be necessary. The loading of the acetabular components in vivo differs, in general, from the loading defined in this test method. The results obtained here cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance. This document does not cover methods that examine the test specimens.

This part of IEC/IEEE 80005 describes high-voltage shore connection (HVSC) systems, onboard the ship and on shore, to supply the ship with electrical power from shore. This document is applicable to the design, installation and testing of HVSC systems and addresses • HV shore distribution systems, • shore-to-ship connection and interface equipment, • transformers/reactors, • semiconductor/rotating frequency convertors, • ship distribution systems, and • control, monitoring, interlocking and power management systems. It does not apply to the electrical power supply during docking periods, for example dry docking and other out of service maintenance and repair. Additional and/or alternative requirements can be imposed by national administrations or the authorities within whose jurisdiction the ship is intended to operate and/or by the owners or authorities responsible for a shore supply or distribution system. It is expected that HVSC systems will have practicable applications for ships requiring 1 MVA or more or ships with HV main supply. Low-voltage shore connection systems are not covered by this document.

This document specifies three procedures, A, B and C, using the Pensky-Martens closed cup tester, for determining the flash point of combustible liquids, liquids with suspended solids, liquids that tend to form a surface film under the test conditions, biodiesel and other liquids in the temperature range of 40 °C to 370 °C. NOTE 1 Although, technically, kerosene with a flash point above 40 °C can be tested using this document, it is standard practice to test kerosene according to ISO 13736.[ REF Reference_ref_9 \r \h 5 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0039000000 ] Similarly, lubricating oils are normally tested according to ISO 2592.[ REF Reference_ref_6 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0036000000 ] Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, heating oil and turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, paints and varnishes, and other homogeneous liquids not included in the scope of procedures B or C. Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residuals, used lubricating oils, mixtures of liquids with solids, and liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions or are of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of procedure A. Procedure C is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as specified in specifications such as EN 14214[ REF Reference_ref_15 \r \h 11 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310035000000 ] or ASTM D6751.[ REF Reference_ref_17 \r \h 13 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310037000000 ] This document is not applicable to water-borne paints and varnishes. NOTE 2 Water-borne paints and varnishes can be tested using ISO 3679.[3] Liquids containing traces of highly volatile materials can be tested using ISO 1523[1] or ISO 3679.

IEC 60384-14-2:2025 forms the basis for a uniform procedure for a common international safety mark. It implements the approval schedule for safety tests in IEC 60384‑14, specifies a declaration of design for parameters relevant to safety and indicates conformance tests to be conducted on every lot prior to its release and requalification tests depending on changes to the declared design. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the tables for dimensions have been replaced with a guidance text in the document, b) the possibility to give the requirements for the service in DC applications and in high humidity conditions have been added. c) the changes in this document in comparison with the previous edition are given in Annex B. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60384‑1:2021 and IEC 60384‑14:2023.

This document provides a list of recommended ISO cryptographic algorithms for use within applicable ISO TC 68, Financial services, standards. It also provides strategic guidance on key lengths and associated parameters and usage dates. This document focuses on core algorithms, key lengths and frequently used mechanisms. The included algorithms are considered to be fit for purpose for financial service use. For additional algorithms, see the body of standards produced by ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection. For standards on key management, see ISO 11568. The categories of algorithms covered are: a) block ciphers and modes of operation; b) stream ciphers; c) message authentication codes (MACs); d) authenticated encryption algorithms; e) format preserving encryption; f) hash functions; g) asymmetric algorithms: 1) digital signature schemes giving message recovery; 2) digital signatures with appendix; 3) asymmetric ciphers. h) authentication mechanisms; i) key derivation, establishment and agreement mechanisms; j) key transport mechanisms: 1) key wrapping. This document does not define any cryptographic algorithms. However, the standards to which this document refers contain necessary implementation information as well as more detailed guidance regarding choice of security parameters, security analysis and other implementation considerations.

This document applies to force-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing. Both forms of control, force or stress, can be applied according to this document. This document describes the equipment, specimen preparation, and presentation of the test results to determine TMF properties.

This document specifies a test procedure to simulate and to evaluate lumbar and cervical spinal disc prostheses wear under adverse impingement conditions.

This document provides a method for quantification of marker peptide of type I collagen which was purified products extracted from bovine tissues with liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method described in this document is intended to be used for marker peptide detection of purified bovine type I collagen which will be used for constructing tissue-engineered medical products (TEMPs) or other collagen-based biomaterials, for product quality control. This method also can be used for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of bovine-specific and/or type I-specific collagen in the samples mixed with other animal sources and/or other type collagen. This document does not exclude other possible methods for quantifying type I collagen, such as hydroxyproline quantification, that can evaluate the total amount of collagen regardless of type. NOTE 1 The collagen has been known there are greater than 28 types and with the different property in each one. This document focuses on the quantification of marker peptide of purified bovine type I collagen. Type I collagen isolated from skin, tendon, bone, etc., can contain other types of collagen, for example, type III and type V. And type I collagen can be sourced from bovine, swine, etc. For quantification of other types of collagens or type I collagen sourced from other species of animals can use this document as a template, but need to design collagen type-specific or/and animal species-specific characteristic peptides for LC-MS/MS method, as well as optimize the determination conditions. NOTE 2 For quantification of the collagen marker peptide of scaffold which combined with other materials, or type I collagen contained in ECM materials of tissues or type I collagen-based regenerative tissues, can refer to this document, but need to isolate or/and purify the type I collagen with a reasonable and verified method at first (9,10), and then quantify it by referring to the method provided in this document.

IEC 61116:2025 used as a guidance that applies to hydroelectric installations containing impulse or reaction turbines with unit power up to about 15 MW and reference diameter of about 3 m. These figures do not represent absolute limits. This document deals only with the direct relations between the purchaser or the consulting engineer and the supplier. It does not deal with civil works, administrative conditions or commercial conditions. This document is intended to be used by all concerned in the installation of electromechanical equipment for small hydroelectric plants. This document, based essentially on practical information, aims specifically at supplying the purchaser of the equipment with information which will assist him with the following: preparation of the call for tenders; - evaluation of the tenders; - contact with the supplier during the design and manufacture of the equipment; - quality control during the manufacture and shop-testing; - follow-up of site erection; - commissioning; - acceptance tests; - operation and maintenance. The document comprises the following: a) general requirements for the electromechanical equipment of small hydroelectric installations; b) technical specifications for the electromechanical equipment, excluding its dimensioning and standardization; c) requirements for acceptance, operation and maintenance This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) harmonization of scope with IEC 62006; b) introduction of new technical aspects; c) overall editorial revision.

This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine haulage.

IEC 60384-14-1:2025 forms the basis for a uniform procedure for a common international safety mark. It implements the approval schedule for safety tests in IEC 60384‑14, specifies a declaration of design for parameters relevant to safety and indicates conformance tests to be conducted on every lot prior to its release and requalification tests depending on changes to the declared design. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the tables for dimensions have been replaced with a guidance text in the document; b) the possibility to give the requirements for the service in DC applications and in high humidity conditions have been added; c) the changes in this document in comparison with the previous edition are given in Annex B. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60384‑1 and IEC 60384‑14:2023.

IEC 60794-1-130:2025 describes test procedures to evaluate the coefficient of dynamic friction of the sheathing material of a cable when pulled over or between other cables. Methods E30A and E30B evaluate the coefficient of friction between cables for when either a cable is pulled over the top of other cables (drum test) or when pulling a cable between other cables of the same shape (flat plate test). This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. Throughout the document, wording "optical cable" can also include optical fibre units and microduct fibre units. This first edition cancels and replaces Method E24 of the first edition of IEC 60794‑1‑21 published in 2015, Amendment 1:2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

IEC 63522-10:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document defines a standard test method for heating.

IEC 63522-1:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of specimens to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage, and all aspects of operational use. The object of this test is to define a standard test method for the visual inspection and check of dimensions.

IEC 62899-302-7:2025 provides measurement methods for inkjet printing dot placement evaluation for printed electronics.
NOTE: This document only describes the measurement methods, not the evaluation of the printing system.

IEC 60153-2:2025 specifies straight hollow metallic tubing of ordinary rectangular cross-section for use as waveguides in radio frequency electrical applications.
The term "ordinary rectangular waveguide" in the title of this document refers to rectangular waveguides with a b-to-a ratio of 0,5 (or slightly less).
The objective of this document is to specify for hollow metallic waveguides:
a) the details necessary to ensure compatibility and, as far as is essential, interchangeability;
b) test methods;
c) uniform requirements for the electrical and mechanical properties.
This document does not contain any binding specifications for the materials to be used, but merely examples. The exact selection of materials is subject to agreement between the customer and the supplier.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of a cross-sectional view of the waveguide;
b) addition of informative content on the theoretical background of the standard;
c) use of a lower case "k" in the waveguide designation, where appropriate;
d) revision of main specification table (now Table 1):
1) two waveguides moved to the end of the table (R 35, R 41);
2) correction of one waveguide designation (now R 26k);
3) correction of one waveguide outside width (R 18);
4) relaxation of tolerances of waveguide outside dimensions (R 14 to R 70);
5) removed attenuation values of waveguides made of gold, aluminium, and stainless steel;
6) implementation of attenuation values for an idealised copper waveguide;
e) relaxation of tolerances of waveguide outside dimensions for R 14 to R 70 in the table now referred to as Table 4;
f) clarification of the electrical tests:
1) use of standard annealed copper as the reference material for waveguide tubes;
2) correction of the formula for calculating the theoretical attenuation of an idealised copper waveguide;
3) addition of a formula for calculating the theoretical attenuation of waveguides made of any material;
4) addition of an informative table with typical waveguide materials (Table 5);
g) addition of an informative cross-reference for waveguide type designations (Annex A).

IEC 63341-2:2025 applies to on-board hydrogen fuel systems (HFSs) used to supply the fuel cells for the traction power and the auxiliaries supply of railway vehicles (such as hybrid vehicles as defined in IEC 62864-1).
This document applies to hydrogen storage in gaseous form. Other means of storage (such as liquid, liquid cryo-compressed, metal hydrides) are not covered in this document.
This document applies to any rolling stock type (e.g. light rail vehicles, tramways, streetcars, metros, commuter trains, regional trains, high speed trains, locomotives).
This document addresses the on-board mechanical, fluidic and electrical interfaces between the on-board hydrogen fuel system and fuelling station. The fuelling station, fuelling protocol and communication for the fuelling protocol are not in the scope of this document.
This document defines:
– the scope of supply of hydrogen fuel system and the description of the interfaces with sub systems internal and external to the rolling stock such as fuel cell power system, fuelling station systems;
– the environmental constraints;
– the design requirements to support HFS compliance with railway applications;
– the safety and reliability requirements to design and install the HFS for railway applications;
– the marking and labelling requirements;
– the requirements related to storage, transportation, installation and maintenance;
– the validation (type, routine and investigation tests) requirements.

This document specifies ranges, construction, performances, output characteristics and testing of rotary displacement gas meters (hereinafter referred to as RD meters or simply meters) for gas volume measurement.
This document applies to rotary displacement gas meters used to measure the volume of fuel gases of at least the 1st, 2nd and 3rd gas families, the composition of which is specified in EN 437:2021, at a maximum working pressure up to and including 20 bar over an ambient and gas temperature range of at least −10 °C to +40 °C.
This document applies to meters that are installed in locations with vibration and shocks of low significance (class M1) and in
-   closed locations (indoor or outdoor with protection) with condensing or with non-condensing humidity
or,
-   open locations (outdoor without any covering) with condensing humidity or with non-condensing humidity,
and in locations with electromagnetic disturbances (class E1 and E2). The standard applies to mechanical meters with mechanical index, electronic devices are not covered by this standard.
Unless otherwise specified in this standard:
-   all pressures used are gauge;
-   all influence quantities, except the one under test, are kept relatively constant at their reference value.
This document applies to meters with a maximum allowable pressure PS and the volume V of less than 6 000 bar · L or with a product of PS and DN of less than 3 000 bar.
This document is to be used for both pattern approval and individual meter testing. Cross-reference tables are given in:
-   Annex A for the tests that need to be undertaken for pattern approval;
-   Annex B for individual meter testing.
Some parts of this standard cover meters with mechanical index only.
The risk philosophy adopted in this standard is based on the analysis of hazards including pressure. The standard applies principles to eliminate or reduce hazards. Where these hazards cannot be eliminated appropriate protection measures are specified.

This document specifies a method for determining the colour fastness to perspiration of leather of all kinds at all stages of processing. It applies particularly to gloving, clothing and lining leathers, as well as leather for the uppers of unlined shoes.

This document applies to shell boilers with volumes in excess of 2 l for the generation of steam and/or hot water at a maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar and with a temperature in excess of 110 °C.
For the purpose of this document the following pressurized parts are included:
—   the shell boiler as one entity of pressure equipment including all the pressure parts from the feedwater/hot water inlet (including the inlet valve) up to and including the steam/hot water outlet (including the outlet valve or, if there is no valve, the first circumferential weld or flange downstream of the shell boiler or if applicable the outlet header);
—   all superheaters, economizers and interconnecting piping;
—   additionally, the piping that is connected to the boiler involved in services such as draining, venting, desuperheating, etc., up to the first isolating valve or, if there is no valve, the first circumferential weld or flange downstream of the shell boiler or if applicable the outlet header/piping.
This document does not apply to the following types of boilers and equipments:
a)   water-tube boilers;
b)   non stationary boilers, e.g. locomotive boilers;
c)   thermal oil boilers;
d)   boilers where the main pressure housing is made of cast material;
e)   pumps, gaskets, etc;
f)   brickwork setting and insulation, etc.
NOTE 1   Further information on shell boilers is given in Annex A.
NOTE 2   Stainless steel boilers are covered by EN 14222:2021.

This document defines a test method to permit a classification according to EN 13123-1:2025 for explosion resistance of windows, doors, shutters as well as curtain walling elements, complete with their frames, infills and fixings. This document gives no information on the ability of the surrounding wall or building structure to resist the direct or transmitted forces.

This document contains the general safety philosophy and a guideline on safety assessment that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards.
It also contains an Annex A with a collection of available anthropometric data and details of the abilities of children from birth to 48 months of age.
The general safety philosophy given in this part is based on the principle that child care articles should be designed to be safe.
Children with special needs have not been taken into account while drafting these guidelines. ISO/IEC Guide 71 can be consulted to ascertain any further requirements to address the hazards and risks associated with children with special needs.
These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products, inadequate supervision of children and products used in a non-domestic situation.
Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the product are fully addressed, e.g. hygiene, the effects of electrical power etc., where other safety standards can apply.

This document provides guidance information on chemical hazards that are taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child care articles. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.

This document specifies the classification, requirements and test methods for endodontic sealing materials used in dentistry.
This document is applicable to materials used for conventional orthograde endodontic sealing (Type 1) and materials used for other endodontic sealing procedures including apexification, perforation filling, resorption treatment or retrograde root-end filling (Type 2).
The Type 2 endodontic sealing materials may be used for vital pulp therapy. However, this document does not address or include requirements for vital pulp therapy.
This document does not specify requirements or test methods for sterility.
NOTE 1        Reference to applicable national regulations and internationally accepted pharmacopeias can be made.
NOTE 2        National requirements regarding sterilization processes, if available, can be used. Standards on methods of validating sterilization processes are also available: ISO 11737-1, ISO 11737-2 and ISO 11737-3.

1.1   This document specifies safety and hygiene requirements for the design and manufacture of bowl lifting and tilting machines (see description in Annex A) which:
a)   are intended to be used in bakeries and pastry shops for discharging masses of dough and/or ingredients for bakery and/or pastry products all at once or progressively tipping a container or a machine with non-removable container by lifting and/or tilting it according to a guided path;
b)   are intended to be used with manual inlet and outlet of the bowl.
NOTE   b) does not refer to machines with integrated mixing machine with non-removable bowl.
The lifting and tilting machines can be equipped with a scraper (optional) for removing the rests of dough from the bowl after the dough has been discharged.
1.2   The following relevant hazards are not covered by this document:
-   hazards due to the mixing process (for dough mixers see EN 453:2014 and for planetary mixers see EN 454:2014);
-   hazards associated to the properties of the content of the bowl (except the mass);
-   hazards due to operational stop;
-   hazards due to failure of the power supply;
-   hazards due to laser radiation;
-   hazards due to machinery maintenance;
-   hazards due to information and information devices;
-   hazards due to materials and products;
-   hazards due to lack of design of the machine to facilitate its handling;
-   hazards due to lack of stability during transport, assembly and disassembly;
-   hazards due to pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and chains.
This document does not deal with any specific requirements on noise emitted from bowl lifting and tilting machines as the generated noise does not cause a relevant hazard.
The significant hazards covered by this document are described in Annex B.
1.3   The following machines are excluded from the scope of this document:
a)   experimental and testing machines under development by the manufacturer;
b)   self-propelled movable bowl lifting and tilting machines;
c)   lift trucks;
d)   bowl lifting and tilting machines working in automatic production lines where the initiation of the movement is not due to a human voluntary action;
e)   domestic appliances.
In case of a movable machine, this document does not deal with:
-   hazards due to transportation of bowls with the machine;
-   hazards due to the displacement of the machine on its own wheels;
-   powered equipment that may be provided to assist the mobility of mobile bowl lifting and tilting machine.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the machines are not intended to be cleaned with water and steam jets.
1.4   This document is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document.
This document is not applicable to machines which have been manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the maximum tensile strength of light conveyor belts, according to ISO 21183-1, or of other conveyor belts where ISO 283 is not applicable.

This document is meant to introduce good practices for drafting product information requirements in standards related to childcare products.
This document provides guidance information on common hazards that is taken into consideration when developing safety standards for childcare articles.
This new edition of this document is a hazard based Technical Specification.
NOTE   See A.1.

IEC 60966-2-8:2025 is available as IEC 60966-2-8:2025 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60966-2-8:2025 is a detail specification that applies to cable assemblies with F-Quick connectors (see IEC 61169-47) and requires quad-shield screening class A++ (see IEC 61196-6-5). This document applies to the cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) in item [5], drawing expanded by right angled connectors;
b) in item [12], female F-connectors cancelled (not standardized by IEC 61169-47);
c) in item [14] Reflection properties (return loss): different values for straight and right-angled connectors;
d) in item [14] Insertion loss: different factors for insertion loss calculation for straight and right-angled connectors;
e) in item [14] Loop resistance: loop resistance was set to 1 Ω max. value for the complete length.

IEC TR 62746-2:2025, which is a technical report, describes the main pillars of interoperability to assist different IEC Technical Committees in defining their interfaces and messages covering the whole chain between a Smart Grid and Smart Home/Building/Industrial area.
The main topics of this document are:
– To describe an architecture model from a logical point of view;
– To describe a set of user stories that describe a number of situations related to energy flexibility and demand side management as well as an outline of potential upcoming Smart Building and Smart Home scenarios. The set of user stories does not have the ambition to list all home and building (energy) management possibilities, but is meant as a set of examples that are used as input in use cases and to check that the set of use cases is complete;
– To describe a set of use cases based on the user stories and architecture. The use cases describe scenarios in which the communication between elements of the architecture are identified;
– To further detail the communication, identified in the use cases, by describing the messages and information to be exchanged.
This document can also be used as a blueprint for further smart home solutions like remote control, remote monitoring, ambient assistant living and so forth.
This technical report will be regularly revised by introducing new use cases and updating the current use cases. The use cases presented in this document are not going to be included in the IEC Use Case Management Repository (UCMR). The data models of some use cases presented here are defined in the second edition of IEC 62746-4 . The smart grid architecture model presented in this document is created in coordination with IEC TC13, SC23, and TC57
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The Architecture Model of the Smart Grid Coordination Group (Figure 6) has been replaced with the draft Architecture Model of TC57 in collaboration with SC23K and TC13;
b) The use cases from Edition 1 (2015) with the following IDs have been removed from the current document: JWG2000, JWG2001, JWG2010, JWG202x, JWG2041, JWG2042, JWG1111, WGSP2120, JWG30xx;
c) The use cases from Edition 1 (2015) with the following IDs: JWG1100, JWG1101, JWG-SPUC1102, and JWG1103 have been replaced with the use case JWG1100;
d) The following use cases have been added to the current document: JWG3000, JWG3001, JWG3002, JWG3003, JWG3004, JWG3005, JWG3006, JWG4000.

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following physical properties of coal tar primer: water content, consistency, specific gravity, matter insoluble in benzene, distillation, and coke residue content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coal tar primer suitable for use with coal tar pitch in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, and coal tar surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the creep rate provides information on the behavior of sandwich constructions under constant applied force. Creep is defined as deflection under constant force over a period of time beyond the initial deformation as a result of the application of the force. Deflection data obtained from this test method can be plotted against time, and a creep rate determined. By using standard specimen constructions and constant loading, the test method may also be used to evaluate creep behavior of sandwich panel core-to-facing adhesives.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining flexure creep of sandwich constructions for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.  
5.3 Factors that influence the sandwich construction creep response and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, core thickness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Further, facing and core-to-facing strength and creep response may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for two types of asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral or other stabilizers, or both, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for application by squeegee, three-knot brush, paint brush, roller, or by spraying. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalts characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. The coatings shall conform to specified composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, minerals and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).  
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.  
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.  
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/ITS-00188

RTR/TSGR-0536905vf50