Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE            The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.

IEC 61757-8-1:2025 defines the terminology, structure, and measurement methods of optical pressure sensors for gases or liquids based on a diaphragm in combination with fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) as the sensing element. This document also specifies the most important features and characteristics of these fibre optic pressure sensors and defines procedures for measuring these features and characteristics.

IEC 63430:2025 specifies a container format for sensing data and its system requirements. This document applies to edge computing devices such as smartphones, home gateways, multimedia coordinators, etc., and cloud systems.
This document describes the following technical specifications:
- container format for wearable sensor data;
- Schema Repository that defines the parameters and syntax of sensor data;
- communication and system requirements between the edge computing device and Schema Repository.

This document gives guidelines for the restoration of rivers, including their channels, riparian zones and floodplains. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe permanently flowing and intermittent watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. Some aspects of landscape restoration beyond the boundaries of what are often considered typical river processes are also considered.
A clear framework of guiding principles to help inform the planning and implementation of river restoration work is provided. These principles are applicable to individuals and organizations wishing to restore rivers, and stress the importance of monitoring and appraisal. This document makes reference to existing techniques and guidance, where these are appropriate and within the scope of this document.
This document gives guidelines on:
-   the core principles of restoration;
-   aims and overall outcomes of river restoration;
-   the spectrum of typical approaches to river restoration with a focus on those that are nature-based and restore both physical and ecological aspects;
-   identifying opportunities for restoration and possible constraints, with a focus on physical and natural rather than socio-economic aspects;
-   different scales of restoration and how restoration works across different catchments and landscapes;
-   the importance of monitoring and appraising restoration work across the range of approaches and scales.

IEC 60601-2-57:2023 applies to basic safety and essential performance of equipment incorporating one or more sources of optical radiation in the wavelength range 200 nm to 3 000 nm, with the exception of laser radiation, and intended to create photobiological effects in humans for therapeutic, diagnostic, monitoring, and cosmetic or aesthetic applications; hereafter referred to as light source equipment (ls equipment).

IEC 80601-2-89:2025 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of MEDICAL BEDS, hereafter referred to as MEDICAL BEDS as defined in 201.3.219, intended for CHILDREN as defined in 201.3.207, and ADULTS with atypical anatomy (ADULTS ranging outside the definition for ADULTS in 201.3.201).
This document applies to both electrical and non-electrical(manual) MEDICAL BEDS with or without adjustable functions. This document applies to MEDICAL BEDS with an INTERNAL LENGTH of up to 180 cm suitable to a body length of 155 cm.
If a MANUFACTURER wishes to make a bed that can be used by both a CHILD and an ADULT, e.g. INTERNAL LENGTH of 180 cm or more, then IEC 80601-2-52 and this document apply.
This document does not apply to:
• ADULT only beds covered by IEC 80601-2-52;
• SPECIALITY MATTRESS covered by the ISO 20342 series;
• incubators covered by IEC 60601-2-19;
• devices for which the INTENDED USE is mainly for examination or transportation under medical supervision (e.g. stretcher, examination table).
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to a MEDICAL BED only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to MEDICAL BEDS and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
HAZARDS inherent in the intended physiological function of MEDICAL BEDS or ME SYSTEMS within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1.

IEC 60749-23:2025 specifies the test used to determine the effects of bias conditions and temperature on solid state devices over time. It simulates the device operating condition in an accelerated way and is primarily for device qualification and reliability monitoring. A form of high temperature bias life using a short duration, popularly known as "burn-in", can be used to screen for infant-mortality related failures. The detailed use and application of burn-in is outside the scope of this document.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) absolute stress test definitions and resultant test durations have been updated.

IEC 60601-2-64:2025 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and essential performance of LIGHT ION BEAM ME EQUIPMENT, hereafter referred to as ME EQUIPMENT, used for treatment of patients. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
This document, with the inclusion of TYPE TESTS and SITE TESTS, applies respectively to the manufacturer and specified installation aspects of LIGHT ION BEAM ME EQUIPMENT
– intended for RADIOTHERAPY in human medical practice, including those in which the selection and DISPLAY of operating parameters can be controlled automatically by PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC SUBSYSTEMS (PESS),
– that, in NORMAL USE, deliver a RADIATION BEAM of LIGHT IONS having ENERGY PER NUCLEON in the range 10 MeV/n to 500 MeV/n,
and
– intended to be
• for NORMAL USE, operated under the authority of appropriately licensed or QUALIFIED PERSONS by OPERATORS having the required skills for a particular medical application, for particular SPECIFIED clinical purposes maintained in accordance with the recommendations given in the INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE,
• subject to regular quality assurance performance and calibration checks by a QUALIFIED PERSON.
IEC 60601-2-64:2025 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) harmonization with IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2011 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020;
b) harmonization with IEC 62667:2017 for defined terms and definitions;
c) address revision to neutrons outside the field of irradiation.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment:
aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), caesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
NOTE 1        Details on validation are given in Annex A.
This method is also applicable for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in aqua regia and nitric acid digests and in eluates of construction products (EN 17200[7]).
NOTE 2        Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products, bituminous products, metals, wood-based products, plastics and rubbers, sealants and adhesives, paints and coatings.

This document specifies the evaluation methodology to support achieving repeatable and
reproducible evaluation results for IACS components under evaluation against IEC 62443-4-2
requirements.
This document does not specify the definition of a complete certification scheme or certification
program.
This document does not specify the process evaluations of the secure development lifecycle
according to IEC 62443-4-1. The existing secure development lifecycle according to
IEC 62443-4-1 is a prerequisite in this evaluation methodology.
This document does not specify particular tools, e.g. for the use in vulnerability or penetration
testing.
This document does not focus on lACS components which were not developed according to the
lifecycle process of IEC 62443-4-1.

This document specifies the functional requirements for output and accuracy of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line.

This document defines general terms and definitions for systems, products and services related to railway applications. This document does not cover terms and definitions related to electrotechnical and electronic products and services for railway applications.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density (loose) of solid fertilizers, except powder fertilizers. The method is applicable to dry fertilizers only. The method is not suitable for materials which contain a large proportion of particles exceeding 5 mm in diameter.

This document specifies the minimum quality and safety requirements for Crocus sativus stigma. It applies to Crocus sativus stigma that is sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including in Chinese materia medica and decoction pieces.

This document specifies system requirements and test methods for lane change decision aid systems (LCDAS). LCDAS are intended to warn the driver of the subject vehicle against potential collisions with vehicles either to the side or to the rear in the adjacent lanes of the subject vehicle and moving in the same direction as the subject vehicle for lane change manoeuvres. This document addresses LCDAS for use on forward-moving cars, vans and straight trucks. This document does not address LCDAS for use on motorcycles or articulated vehicles such as tractor/trailer combinations and articulated buses.

This document defines the principal terms used in horology. The terms and definitions apply to time-measuring instruments and related devices.

This document defines the properties of load test dusts used for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) air filters as well as air cleaning equipment in laboratories. Test dusts used for evaluation of efficiency performance are not included.

This document provides a scheme for the assessment of conformity of PE products and assemblies for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines, in accordance with ISO 11300-1 and ISO 11301-1, and intended to be included in the manufacturer’s quality plan as part of the quality management system and for the establishment of certification procedures.

This document specifies the grammar of symbols used in ISO 10360 series in order to identify metrological characteristics of coordinate measuring systems (CMSs) and their specifications. This document does not provide the meaning of these symbols, neither of whole symbols nor of their components. These meanings are specified in the ISO 10360 documents introducing them.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the bulk density (tapped) of solid fertilizers: the machine-tapping method (method 1); the hand-tapping method (method 2). These methods are applicable to dry fertilizers only. Neither method is suitable for materials which contain a large proportion of particles exceeding 5 mm in diameter. Method 2 is applicable only to spherical granules and to prills. It is not applicable to sharp-edged grains. NOTE Because of the differences in tapping technique, the two methods will not necessarily give the same value for the bulk density (tapped).

This document provides a scheme for the assessment of conformity of PVC-U products and assemblies for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines, in accordance with ISO 11300-3, and intended to be included in the manufacturer’s quality plan as part of the quality management system and for the establishment of certification procedures.

IEC 60704-2-20:2026 specifies the determination of airborne acoustical noise of mains operated and cordless wet hard floor cleaning appliances for household or similar use. In the case of appliances with combined functionality, this document only addresses the wet cleaning functionality. This document does not apply to wet hard floor cleaning appliances for industrial or professional purposes and robotic wet hard floor cleaning appliances. This document is not intended for cleaning appliances according to IEC 60335-2-79, IEC 60704-2-1, IEC 60704-2-17. This document describes the determination of the noise emission of wet hard floor cleaners under normal operating conditions on hard floor in accordance with 4.6 of IEC/ASTM 62885-6:2023. For determining and verifying noise emission values declared in product specifications, see IEC 60704-3. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60704 1:2021, Household and similar electrical appliances - Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise - Part 1: General requirements.

IEC 62676-6:2026 specifies the functions, performance, interfaces, environmental adaptability, test methods, performance evaluation and grading rules of real-time intelligent video analysis in surveillance systems.
This document applies to live and forensic, real-time intelligent video analysis devices and systems in video surveillance.
The document is centred on testing performance and grading device functionality which enables:
• Core capability: Classification of objects, detection of specific "object activity", such as "stopping", "starting", "direction of movement", etc.
Examples are listed in Annex A.
• Complex capability: Detection of "scenarios" which are based on combinations of object activity, such as "loitering", "perimeter intrusion detection", "person down", "tailgating", "intrusion", "abandoned object detection", explosion, fire, flood, potential terrorist attack using a vehicle, owner of an abandoned bag, etc.
Examples of current scenarios are listed and described in Annex B.
• Degree of difficulty: The application of real operating environments to test the performance under known or required operating stress levels, examples of operating stress levels that are sterile or non-sterile, indoor or outdoor, target obscuration levels, extreme weather conditions, vibrating mechanical rugged environments causing image shake resulting in degradation of image quality requirement, see Table 1 and Annex C.
The purpose of this document is to provide end users, at different levels of the service process, from users and installers, integrators and maintenance companies, to certification providers, with methods to measure the performance of video analysis systems that must also comply with other parts of the standard.

IEC 63494‑2-1:2026 specifies the interchangeability requirements of an electro-mechanical interface with four-pin extra-low-voltage (ELV) twist-lock interface – type ZB18 for use in lighting systems. This twist-lock interface has four electrical contacts that are suitable for ELV voltages. Two connections are intended for supply power and two are intended for digital communication. This document specifies interchangeability related requirements for mechanical, electrical, ambient conditions, positional orientation, communication protocol and pin assignments for the interface. Specific requirements for the devices that can utilize the interface such as sensors, communication modules, cameras, etc., are not within the scope of this document. This document does not specify the following aspects:
- the lighting technology,
- the illumination performance,
- electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

IEC 60947-5-5:2026 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) re-shaping the document with the clause numbers and names to be in line with other documents of the 60947 series;
b) review of the test method to reasonably determine that the latch mechanism meets the requirements of the document;
c) new Annex B for special requirements for illuminated push-button type emergency stop devices, including the reference to a function to distinguish between "active and inactive" by changing the colour of the push-button depending on the illumination.
This part of IEC 60947-5 provides detailed specifications relating to the electrical and mechanical construction of emergency stop devices with mechanical latching function and to their testing.
This document is applicable to electrical control circuit devices and switching elements which are used to initiate an emergency stop signal. Such devices can be provided with their own enclosure and will be installed according to the product documentation.
This document does not apply to:
– emergency stop devices for non-electrical control applications, for example hydraulic or pneumatic;
– emergency stop devices without mechanical latching function.
An emergency stop device conforming to this document can also be used as part of an emergency switching off means in compliance with IEC 60364-5-53.
NOTE See also IEC 60204-1:2016 and IEC 60204-1:2016/AMD1:2021, 9.2.3.4.
This document does not address specific requirements on acoustic noise as the noise emission of electrical emergency stop devices with mechanical latching function is not considered to be a relevant hazard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

IEC TR 62786-100:2026 gives guidance for the drafting of IEC publications which relate, wholly or partly, to connection of distributed energy resources (DER) with the grid. Technical committees relevant to the connection of DER with grid are advised to follow the guidance given in this document when they prepare new publications and clauses relevant to the connection of DER with the grid, as well as when they revise existing publications so that consistent and harmonized standards can be delivered. Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, and Annex D list documents relevant to grid connection of DER in order to ensure that other IEC publications are consistent with these documents and to avoid overlapping each other.
Table E.1 lists national and regional standards and regulations relevant to connecting DER with the grid.

IEC SRD 63443-1:2026 covers the terms and definitions, system composition and a service scenario of Distributed Energy Resource Aggregation Business (ERAB) System that is the convergence of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) units, Controllable loads, ERAB Controller, and a smart volt-ampere meter to measure the performance of the ERAB Controller, separating to Virtual Power Plant whose definition is the group of distributed energy resources which combine to function as a dispatchable unit.

IEC TS 61400-4-1:2026 specifies a method to calculate the design reliability of wind turbines gearboxes covered by IEC 61400‑4, based upon failure modes where standardized calculation methods are publicly available.
For the calculable failure mechanisms, it is possible to compare the reliability between different gearbox designs within the limitations of the theoretical models. The use of field-based statistical parameters can improve the accuracy of the calculated reliability.
The calculated design reliability can provide information for the lifecycle management strategy. However, this document does not provide trade-off decisions between higher design reliability and maintenance strategies (e.g. preventive or predictive maintenance). This document does not consider repairable system analysis.
Due to the lack of accepted theoretical models for some failure modes, the model can currently not predict the apparent failure probability in the field.
Neither this document nor IEC 61400-4 specify a minimum value of design reliability.

IEC 63356-1:2026 is available as IEC 63356-1:2026 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 63356-1:2026 specifies data sheets of LED lamps and LED modules with a series of parameters per data sheet for a specific LED light source that enables interchangeability between products from different LED light source manufacturers.
NOTE Compliance criteria relating to data sheet parameters in this document are covered by IEC 63554 or IEC 62031 for safety, and IEC 63555 for performance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2023. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of datasheets for GJ6.6d-2-x capped LED lamps.

IEC 62841-2-16:2024 is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014. This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 62841-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for hand-held fastener driving tools. Where a particular subclause of IEC 62841-1 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause applies as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in IEC 62841-1 is to be adapted accordingly.
IEC 62841-1:2014, Clause 1 is applicable, except as follows:
Addition: This document applies to hand-held fastener driving tools
- intended for driving fasteners into or through concrete, fabric, fiberboard, metal, plastic, wood, wood products, cartons, and other materials; and
- whose energy to drive the fastener is derived directly or indirectly from an electric motor or magnetic drive.
This document does not apply to pneumatically driven tools where the compressed gas comes from an external source, such as a compressor or a tank.
This document does not apply to tools powered by combustible gases, even if electrically ignited.
NOTE 101 Tools powered by compressed air or combustible gases are covered by ISO 11148-13:2017.

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric massage appliances for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single phase and 480 V for other appliances. Some examples of appliances within the scope of this standard are foot massagers, hand-held massagers, massage beds, massage chairs, massage pads and massage belts.

IEC 61300-3-50:2025 describes the procedure to measure the crosstalk of optical signals between the ports of a multiport M x N (M input ports and N output ports) fibre optic spatial switch. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) revising structure of the document.

This European standard deals with the safety of electric clocks having a rated voltage not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances.

IEC 60079-28:2025 specifies additional requirements for Ex Equipment, Ex associated equipment or Ex Components containing optical systems emitting optical radiation, which is exposed to explosive atmospheres. These additional requirements are applicable for all equipment groups and all Equipment Protection Levels (EPL). This document contains requirements for optical radiation in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 10 µm. It covers the following ignition mechanisms: • Optical radiation is absorbed by surfaces or particles, causing them to heat up, and under certain circumstances this might allow them to attain a temperature which will ignite a surrounding explosive atmosphere. • In rare special cases, direct laser induced breakdown of the gas at the focus of a strong beam, producing plasma and a shock wave both eventually acting as ignition source. These processes can be supported by a solid material close to the breakdown point. • Annex A provides guidance when considering ignition mechanisms that influence the hazard of optics in explosive atmospheres. This document applies to a) laser equipment; and b) optical fibre equipment; and c) any optical system that converts light into convergent beams with focal points within the hazardous area only. This document does not apply to: d) laser equipment for EPL Mb, Gb, Gc, Db or Dc applications which complies with Class 1 limits in accordance with IEC 60825-1; or e) Single or multiple optical fibre cables not part of optical fibre equipment if the cables: 1) comply with the relevant industrial standards for optical fibre cables, along with additional protective means, for example robust cabling, conduit or raceway (for EPL Gb, Db, Mb, Gc or Dc); or 2) comply with the relevant industrial standards for optical fibre cables (for EPL Gc or Dc); or f) Optical radiation sources as defined in i) to iii) above where the optical radiation is fully contained in an enclosure complying with one of the following Types of Protection suitable for the EPL, or the minimum ingress protection rating specified: 1) flameproof "d" enclosures (IEC 60079-1); or 2) pressurized "p" enclosures (IEC 60079-2); or 3) restricted breathing "nR" enclosure (IEC 60079-15); or 4) dust protection "t" enclosures" (IEC 60079-31); or 5) an enclosure that provides a minimum ingress protection of IP 6X and where no internal absorbers are to be expected and complying with "Tests of enclosures" in IEC 60079-0. This document does not cover ignition by ultraviolet radiation and by absorption of the radiation in the explosive mixture itself. Explosive absorbers or absorbers that contain their own oxidizer as well as catalytic absorbers are also outside the scope of this document. This document supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0. Where a requirement of this document conflicts with a requirement of IEC 60079-0, the requirement of this document takes precedence. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision

IEC 60730-2-12:2025 applies to automatic electrically operated door locks • for use in, on, or in association with equipment for household appliance and similar use, including equipment for heating, air-conditioning and similar applications; NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment" and "controls" means "door locks". NOTE 2 Throughout this document, the word "door" means "door, cover or lid". The words "door lock" means "electrically operated door lock". • for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications; EXAMPLE 1 Controls for commercial catering, heating and air-conditioning equipment. • that are AC or DC powered controls with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC; • used in, on, or in association with equipment that use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof; • utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs; • using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J; • that have electrical circuits and control circuits which are, for example, operated by bimetals, magnet coils, memory metals, pressure elements, temperature-sensitive expansion elements or electronic elements. NOTE 3 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1. This document applies to - the inherent safety of electrically operated door locks, and - functional safety of electrically operated door locks and safety related systems, - electrically operated door locks where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system, - the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety. This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of automatic electrical controls used in, on, or in association with an equipment. This document does not • apply to electrically operated door locks intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the relevant part 2 or the equipment standard. However, this document can be applied to evaluate automatic electrical controls intended specifically for industrial applications in cases where no relevant safety standard exists; • take into account the response value of an automatic action of a control, if such a response value is dependent upon the method of mounting the control in the equipment. Where a response value is of significant purpose for the protection of the user, or surroundings, the value defined in the appropriate equipment standard or as determined by the manufacturer will apply; • address the integrity of the output signal to the network devices, such as interoperability with other devices unless it has been evaluated as part of the control system. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Adoption of IEC

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric massage appliances for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single phase and 480 V for other appliances. Some examples of appliances within the scope of this standard are foot massagers, hand-held massagers, massage beds, massage chairs, massage pads and massage belts.

IEC 61757-1-4:2025 defines the terminology, structure, and measurement methods of distributed fibre optic sensors for absolute strain measurements based on spectral correlation analysis of Rayleigh backscattering signatures in single-mode fibres, where the fibre is the distributed strain measurement element in a measurement range from about 10 m to tens of km. This document also applies to hybrid sensor systems that combine the advantages of Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattering effects to obtain optimal measurement quality. This document also specifies the most important features and performance parameters of these distributed fibre optic strain sensors defines procedures for measuring these features and parameters. This part of IEC 61757 does not apply to point measurements or to dynamic strain measurements. Distributed strain measurements using Brillouin scattering in single-mode fibres are covered in IEC 61757-1-2. The most relevant applications of this strain measurement technique are listed in Annex A, while Annex B provides a short description of the underlying measurement principle.

This document describes:
-   business processes and the technical environments in which simplified invoices and e-receipts are exchanged; and
-   the needed syntax bindings of electronic simplified invoices and e-receipts.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation of non-pressure underground drains and sewers.
NOTE            It is not applicable to use of PVC-U material for rehabilitation of pipes under pressure.
It is applicable to unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed with service temperature not exceeding 35 °C. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline.
This document is applicable to the renovation technique family “lining with close-fit pipes”.

This document establishes the steps of the overall process of pipeline rehabilitation, comprising:
strategic and tactical activities:
investigation and condition assessment of the existing pipeline;
pipeline rehabilitation planning;
operational activities:
project specification;
applications of techniques;
documentation of the design and application process.
This document defines general terms of pipeline rehabilitation and establishes the classification of families of renovation and trenchless replacement techniques, with description of their respective features.
This document is applicable to underground drains and sewers and underground water and gas supply networks.
This document does not apply to:
new construction provided as network extensions;
calculation methods to determine, for each viable technique, the characteristics of lining or replacement pipe material needed to secure the desired performance of the rehabilitated pipeline;
techniques providing non-structural pipe liners;
techniques for repair.

This document defines a framework for the extensible registration of information — an approach used to manage an information register.
This framework specifies the following requirements of an information register:
capability requirements that an information register uses to manage register content;
governance requirements that define a set of processes and rules used in the establishment, management, operation, content publication and use of an information register.
The following considerations are out of scope of this document:
implementation details for the realization of an information register;
content and related definitions that are managed within an information register.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation, by means of renovation and trenchless replacement, of underground non-pressure and pressure drains and sewers and water supply networks, which transport water intended for human consumption, including raw water pipelines.
It is applicable to polyethylene (PE) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline.
It is applicable to the following technique families for renovation, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature:
lining with continuous pipes;
lining with close-fit pipes.
This document is applicable to the following technique families for trenchless replacement, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature:
pipe bursting and pipe extraction;
horizontal directional drilling and impact moling.
NOTE            For applications operating at constant temperatures greater than 20 °C and up to 40 °C, see ISO 4427-1:2019, Annex A.
When used with lining with continuous pipes, lining with close-fit pipes and trenchless replacement technique families, this document is applicable to:
PE solid wall single layered pipes (nominal outside diameter, dn), including any identification stripes;
PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn), as specified in Annex D, where all layers have the same MRS rating.
Furthermore, when used with lining with continuous pipes and trenchless replacement this document is applicable to:
PE coated pipes (outside diameter, dn) having a peelable, contiguous, thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe (“coated pipe”), as specified in Annex D.
This document is applicable to jointing by means of butt fusion and electrofusion and to fabricated and injection-moulded fittings and mechanical connections of PE.

This document describes the general principles of field-flow fractionation and specifies parameters, conditions and minimal reporting requirements, as part of an integrated measurement system, required to develop and validate methods for the application of asymmetrical flow and centrifugal field-flow fractionation in the analysis of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates in aqueous media. General guidelines and procedures are provided to aid the user.

This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.

This document provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). This document identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards.
“Hydrogen” in this document means protium (the most common isotope of hydrogen) (1H), not deuterium (2H) or tritium (3H).

This document specifies the execution, validation, verification and documentation of a numerical welding simulation within the field of computational welding mechanics (CWM) and performed with a scientific computational tool (SCT).
This document is applicable to the thermal and mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) of arc, laser and electron beam welding processes for the purpose of calculating the effects of welding processes, and in particular, residual stresses and distortion, in support of structural integrity assessment.

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with specified inclines. The emulsified asphalts are grouped into three types, as follows: Type I, which contains fillers or fibers including asbestos; Type II, which contains fillers or fibers other than asbestos; and Type III, which do not contain any form of fibrous reinforcement. These types are further subdivided into two classes, as follows: Class 1, which is prepared with mineral colloid emulsifying agents; and Class 2, which is prepared with chemical emulsifying agents. Other than consistency and homogeneity of the final products, they shall also conform to specified physical property requirements such as weight, residue by evaporation, ash content of residue, water content flammability, firm set, flexibility, resistance to water, and behavior during heat and direct flame tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for use as a protective coating for built-up roofs and other exposed surfaces with inclines of not less than 4 % or 42 mm/m [1/2 in./ft].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
5.2 The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive may increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.  
5.3 The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuums, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).  
Note 1: The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2: Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
Note 3: The test results are equivalent to Test Method D4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
Note 4: In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Prin...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and requirements for two types and two classes of asbestos-free asphalt roof cement consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral and/or other stabilizers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for trowel application to roofing and flashing. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalt characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. Class I is used for application to essentially dry surfaces, while Class II is used for application to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces. The roof cements shall comply with composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, mineral and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements such as uniformity, workability, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These tests are useful in sampling and testing solvent bearing bituminous compounds to establish uniformity of shipments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing solvent bearing bituminous compounds for use in roofing and waterproofing.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity  
5  
Weight per gallon  
6  
Nonvolatile content  
7  
Solubility  
8  
Ash content  
9  
Water content  
10  
Consistency  
11  
Behavior at 60 °C [140 °F]  
12  
Pliability at –0 °C [32 °F]  
13  
Aluminum content  
14  
Reflectance of aluminum roof coatings  
15  
Strength of laps of rolled roofing adhered with roof adhesive  
16  
Adhesion to damp, wet, or underwater surfaces  
17  
Mineral stabilizers and bitumen  
18  
Mineral matter  
19  
Volatile organic content  
20  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The honeycomb tensile-node bond strength is a fundamental property than can be used in determining whether honeycomb cores can be handled during cutting, machining and forming without the nodes breaking. The tensile-node bond strength is the tensile stress that causes failure of the honeycomb by rupture of the bond between the nodes. It is usually a peeling-type failure.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining tensile-node bond strength data for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-node bond strength of honeycomb core materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the acceptance criteria for the magnetic particle examination of forged steel crankshafts and forgings having large main bearing journal or crankpin diameters. Covered here are three classes of forgings, which shall be evaluated under two areas of inspection, namely: major critical areas, and minor critical areas. During inspection, magnetic particle indications shall be classified as: surface indications, which include nonmetallic inclusions or stringers, open or twist cracks, flakes, or pipes; open or pinpoint indications; and non-open indications. Procedures for dimpling, depressing, inspection, and product marking are also mentioned.
SCOPE
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the magnetic particle inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [200 mm] or larger in diameter.  
1.2 There are three classes, with acceptance standards of increasing severity:  
1.2.1 Class 1.  
1.2.2 Class 2 (originally the sole acceptance standard of this specification).  
1.2.3 Class 3 (formerly covered in Supplementary Requirement S1 of Specification A456 – 64 (1970)).  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover continuous grain flow crankshafts (see Specification A983/A983M); however, Specification A986/A986M may be used for this purpose.
Note 1: Specification A668/A668M is a product specification which may be used for slab-forged crankshaft forgings that are usually twisted in order to set the crankpin angles, or for barrel forged crankshafts where the crankpins are machined in the appropriate configuration from a cylindrical forging.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch units.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGC-0429511vf60

RTS/TSGR-0436171vf10