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This document specifies the requirements for the design and performance of threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron with black or hot dip galvanized surface.
These fittings are for general purposes for the transmission of fluids and gases up to the limits of operating pressure and operating temperature specified in this document. They are intended for the connection of elements threaded with sizes 1/8 to 6 (DN 6 to DN 150).
Fittings with alternative permanent coatings or permanent coatings on top of hot dip galvanizing do not fall under the scope of this document.
NOTE   One main use is for the connection of non-alloy steel tubes according to EN 10255 and with support of the thread joint by using sealing materials according to the EN 751 series.

This document describes procedures for the determination of non-rare earth impurities in individual rare earth metals and their oxides through the use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) are included as non-rare earth impurity elements, and the measurement ranges for each impurity element are specified. The applicable measurement range (mass fraction %) of magnesium, aluminum, silicon and calcium is from 0,001 to 0,2, and that of iron is from 0,001 to 0,5. The verified measurement ranges in the interlaboratory tests are described later in this document.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2. This document specifies the quality requirements of greases intended for the lubrication of axlebox rolling bearings according to EN 12080, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers the requirements for conformity assessment of new greases, as well as requirements for quality batch control and change management.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for deployment of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks.
It covers the conformity assessment with respect to design requirements on the rolling bearing(s) according EN 12080 and grease according EN 12081 as well as the performance of (rig) tests according to EN 12082-1. This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotation inner rings.
The present document describes the complete deployment procedure for new axleboxes and it specifies the necessary type and extent of testing. For certain cases and based on a documented risk assessment, a reduced deployment procedure is described.
This document only applies to axleboxes equipped with rolling bearings and greases according to EN 12080 and EN 12081.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to specify the technical details of the testing procedures, these are covered by EN 12082-1.
It is not within the scope of EN 12082-2 to define the validation procedure of box housings, sleeves or coves from a structural point of view. The relevance of these parts in the scope of this document is limited to the interaction with the axle box rolling bearing with respect to the required service.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy tubes. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

IEC TS 62271-314:2024, a Technical Specification, applies to high-voltage direct current disconnectors and earthing switches, designed for indoor and outdoor installations and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above.
It also applies to the operating devices of these disconnectors and earthing switches and their auxiliary equipment.
NOTE Disconnectors in which the fuse forms an integral part are not covered by this document

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy bars and sections. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

This document specifies requirements intended to ensure the safety and health of persons when they use motor caravans for temporary or seasonal habitation.
It also specifies the corresponding test methods.
Specific requirements of this document apply to motor caravans where the overall length multiplied by the overall width does not exceed 13,5 m2 plan area.
Requirements applicable to road safety are not included in the scope of this document.
This document is applicable exclusively to motor caravans as defined in EN 13878.

The present document specifies the general aspects of HI2 and HI3 interfaces for handover via IP based networks.
The present document:
• specifies the modular approach used for specifying IP based handover interfaces;
• specifies the header(s) to be added to IRI and CC sent over the HI2 and HI3 interfaces respectively;
• specifies protocols for the transfer of IRI and CC across the handover interfaces;
• specifies protocol profiles for the handover interface.
The present document is designed to be used where appropriate in conjunction with other deliverables that define the service-specific IRI data formats (including ETSI TS 102 227 [i.1], ETSI TS 101 909-20-1 [33], ETSI TS 101 909-20-2 [34], ETSI TS 102 232-2 [5], ETSI TS 102 232-3 [6], ETSI TS 102 232-4 [32], ETSI TS 102 232-5 [37], ETSI TS 102 232-6 [36] and ETSI TS 102 232-7 [38]). Where possible, the present document aligns with 3GPP TS 33.108 [9] and ETSI TS 101 671 [4] and supports the requirements and capabilities defined in ETSI TS 101 331 [i.9] and ETSI TR 101 944 [i.4]. For the handover of intercepted data within GSM/UMTS PS and CS domains, the present document does not override or supersede any specifications or requirements in 3GPP TS 33.108 [9] and ETSI TS 101 671 [4]. For the handover of services defined in 3GPP TS 33.128 [46], in the event of conflict between the present document and 3GPP TS 33.128 [46], the terms of 3GPP TS 33.128 [46] apply.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy wires. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

This document specifies the requirements for classification of woven, tufted, knitted, needled, flocked, bonded, hand-tufted rugs and runners into use classes with regard to one or more of the following properties: wear, appearance retention, additional performance properties and classes for luxury rating.
This document is not applicable to hand-knotted rugs and runners, to barrier mats or to bathroom rugs.
This document refers to the classification as defined in EN ISO 10874:2012.

This document applies to railway signalling and telecommunication trackside equipment.
This document does not cover signalling and telecommunication equipment mounted in vehicles; these are covered by EN 50155:2021.
This document covers the type testing phases of the equipment for signal and telecommunication (S&T) systems (including power supply systems belonging to S&T), in order to ensure compliance with specified requirements already defined in the customer specifications or by the involved parties.
In particular this document intends to define test requirements with related performance / acceptance criteria, considering only the environmental conditions stated by the EN 50125-3:2003, and considering the severities of the environmental parameters herein defined.
Safety considerations are not covered by this document.

IEC TS 62271-5:2024 applies to DC switchgear and controlgear designed for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above. This document applies to all high-voltage switchgear and controlgear for indoor and/or outdoor installation except as otherwise specified in the relevant IEC documents for the particular type of switchgear and controlgear.

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2. This document specifies the quality parameters of axlebox rolling bearings supporting the load of the vehicle, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. It covers metallurgical and material properties as well as geometric and dimensional characteristics. It also specifies methods for quality assurance and non-destructive testing of the products.

This part of IEC 62271 provides guidance to suppliers, manufacturers, users, and waste operators of high-voltage switchgear and controlgear as well as their assemblies having a rated voltage above 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC, together with their associated auxiliary equipment, on environmentally conscious design, and on assessing environmental impacts when used in systems. This document also gives guidance on effective communication of environmental information throughout the entire life cycle.
This document provides guidance on the process and general aspects to select UN sustainable development goals (UN sustainable development goals (SDG)), especially those dealing with health and environmental impacts and their assessments, represented respectively by:
• SDG 3-Good Health and Well-being;
• SDG 6-Clean Water and Sanitation;
• SDG 7-Affordable and Clean Energy;
• SDG 12-Responsible Consumption and Production;
• SDG 13-Climate Action;
• SDG 14-Life Below Water;
• SDG 15-Life on Land.
This document gives guidance on the process and general aspects to implement environmentally conscious product design (ECD) principles, as given in IEC 62430, essential
for high-voltage electrical power equipment and power control equipment.
This document gives guidance on executing the life cycle assessment (LCA) based on product category rules (PCR) in accordance with IEC 63366, ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 and on applying the Type III environmental declaration in accordance with ISO 14025, both for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear. This guidance provides standardized product specific rules (PSR) summarized as follows:
1) Common rules for the LCA process describing functional units, system boundaries, life cycle inventory analysis, scenarios, environmental impact categories;
2) Common rules for communicating information about the presence of regulated substances and the materials contained in the product, according to IEC 62474;
3) Common rules for communicating information about the end-of-life treatment of the product including material efficiency.
This document does not address the environmental declaration programme, however it can be used by program operators.
This document focuses on describing the LCA process referring to the functional unit, system boundary, scenarios, etc.
Owing to variability of influencing factors, such as flows, allocations, not balanced and timestable energy mix under different programmes, equipment customization, durability related to environmental conditions, it is not possible to compare two similar high-voltage switchgear and controlgear analysed in different contexts.
This document does not address by-products from arcing which are generated in sufficiently small quantities such that their environmental impact can be neglected. Any by-product generated by arcing during the use of equipment is strongly dependent on operating conditions and cannot a priori be qualified nor quantified. However, they are not expected to be released in air and will be managed at end-of-life by a dedicated process.
EXAMPLE
During the use of high-voltage switchgear and controlgear the handlings of normally arced gas are covered by IEC 62271-4. When the volume of gaseous by-product is below 1 % of normally arced gas, it is not considered compared to the cut-off rules specified in this document. The scenarios related to the system boundary do not take into account leakages from failures except if an agreement is reached on this between user and manufacturer (see Table 7, item h).
Power transformers, low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, and the interconnections with such equipment are not covered by this document. Therefore, assemblies according to IEC 62271-202 or IEC 62271-212 comprising any of the above equipment are not within the scope of this document.
This document supports material efficiency for circular economy. However, one of the major issues related to remanufacturing is the consideration of used parts

This document specifies the requirements for the design, performance and testing of fittings made of malleable cast iron (see also Clause 5 "Materials") with compression ends for polyethylene piping systems.
This document applies to piping systems in polyethylene (PE) materials for different application fields, such as supply and distribution of gas, water for general purposes (irrigation, etc.) as well as for human consumption, aqueous liquids and pressurized air.
NOTE   Products complying with this document used for water applications intended for human consumption are expected to comply with the relevant national, regional or local regulatory provisions applicable in the place of use. Due to the variety and dynamic of the requirements, it is advisable to check the compliance.
The malleable cast iron fittings specified in this document are of compression end type for the connection of PE pipes or of transition type with combined compression ends for pipes in different materials or with combined compression and threaded ends in conformance with EN 10226-1. Their range of sizes covers nominal outside diameters of PE pipes dn 16 mm to dn 110 mm (DN 10 to DN 100) and pipe thread sizes 3/8 to 4.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of pre-production and production forgings in steel and heat-resisting alloys.

This document establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function.
These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings.
The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations.
It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are to be agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable.
The classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see Clause 2).

This document is a part of a package of standards: EN 12080, EN 12081, EN 12082-1 and EN 12082-2.
This document specifies the principles and methods for a rig performance test of the system of axlebox rolling bearing(s), housing, seal(s) and grease, required for reliable operation of trains on European networks. The necessary type and extent of testing are specified by the deployment procedure specified in EN 12082-2, with respect to design requirements on the axlebox and its components.
This document covers a rig performance test, principles for a field test and a possible example for a water tightness test. Test parameters and minimum performance requirements for vehicles in operation on main lines are specified. Different test parameters and performance requirements may be selected for vehicles in operation on other networks (e.g. urban rail).
This document is historically developed for outboard applications with rotating inner rings, but can be used for vehicles with inboard bearing arrangements with rotating inner rings.
It gives some possible examples where a sequenced rig performance test addresses the broad range of different service conditions within a specific application or vehicle platform.

IEC 61169-74:2025, which is a Sectional Specification (SS), provides information and rules for the preparation of Detail Specifications (DS) for series HN RF coaxial connectors with screw coupling with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω.
This document prescribes mating face dimensions for high performance connectors (grade 2), dimensional details of standard test connectors (grade 0), gauging information and tests selected from IEC 61169-1, applicable to all Detail Specifications relating to series HN RF connectors.
This document indicates recommended performance characteristics which are considered when writing a Detail Specification and it covers test schedules and inspection requirements for assessment levels M and H.
The series HN connectors are intended to be used in microwave transmission systems and can be connected with all kinds of RF cables and microstrips. The operating frequency is up to 6 GHz.

This document specifies a method of determining the attenuation variation of an optical cable during mechanical bending under load at the maximum and minimum operating temperatures.

This document specifies the requirements of parameters for the physical and the link layer for systems using radio to remotely read meters. The primary focus is to use the Short Range Device (SRD) unlicensed bands. This document encompasses systems for walk-by, drive-by and fixed installations. As a broad definition, this document can be applied to various Application Layers.

This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of single filaments of ceramic fibres at high temperature and under test conditions that prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment.
This document applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strains to fracture less than or equal to 5 %.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat resisting alloy remelting stock. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

This document specifies a test procedure to identify performance characteristics and a weight rating of convection and steam ovens used on aircraft. Furthermore, it specifies the calculation procedure to determine an energy consumption index and a performance index. There is no direct correlation between the ECO efficiency and cooking performance in terms of food quality and appearance. The two index values represent the ECO efficiency.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting (cobalt, nickel and iron-based alloys) alloy plates, sheets and strips. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy forging stock. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

This part of IEC 62271, which is a Technical Specification, is applicable to direct current (DC) by-pass switches (BPS) and paralleling switches (PS) designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above.
Switches other than mechanical switching devices used for the same applications specified here are not covered by this document.

This document specifies requirements intended to ensure the safety and health of people when they use caravans for temporary or seasonal habitation.
It also specifies the corresponding test methods.
Requirements applicable to road safety are not included in the scope of this document.
This document is applicable exclusively to rigid and rigid folding caravans as defined in EN 13878.

The content of the corrigendum 1 of amendment 1 (2025-12) applies only to the French version.

IEC 63296-3:2025 specifies the method for measuring the battery duration at a defined sound pressure level for continuous music playback of battery-operated wearable powered loudspeaker equipment. A primary battery or secondary battery can be used as a power source for such a shoulder-carried or body-worn loudspeaker and its composite device. In addition, only equipment that can be placed on or hung from a head and torso simulator (HATS) is covered. Bone conduction speakers are excluded. Portable loudspeaker equipment also supporting video playback as the main function is not covered by this document.

IEC 60966-2-8:2025 is available as IEC 60966-2-8:2025 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60966-2-8:2025 is a detail specification that applies to cable assemblies with F-Quick connectors (see IEC 61169-47) and requires quad-shield screening class A++ (see IEC 61196-6-5). This document applies to the cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) in item [5], drawing expanded by right angled connectors; b) in item [12], female F-connectors cancelled (not standardized by IEC 61169-47); c) in item [14] Reflection properties (return loss): different values for straight and right-angled connectors; d) in item [14] Insertion loss: different factors for insertion loss calculation for straight and right-angled connectors; e) in item [14] Loop resistance: loop resistance was set to 1 Ω max. value for the complete length.

IEC 60153-2:2025 specifies straight hollow metallic tubing of ordinary rectangular cross-section for use as waveguides in radio frequency electrical applications. The term "ordinary rectangular waveguide" in the title of this document refers to rectangular waveguides with a b-to-a ratio of 0,5 (or slightly less). The objective of this document is to specify for hollow metallic waveguides: a) the details necessary to ensure compatibility and, as far as is essential, interchangeability; b) test methods; c) uniform requirements for the electrical and mechanical properties. This document does not contain any binding specifications for the materials to be used, but merely examples. The exact selection of materials is subject to agreement between the customer and the supplier. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of a cross-sectional view of the waveguide; b) addition of informative content on the theoretical background of the standard; c) use of a lower case "k" in the waveguide designation, where appropriate; d) revision of main specification table (now Table 1): 1) two waveguides moved to the end of the table (R 35, R 41); 2) correction of one waveguide designation (now R 26k); 3) correction of one waveguide outside width (R 18); 4) relaxation of tolerances of waveguide outside dimensions (R 14 to R 70); 5) removed attenuation values of waveguides made of gold, aluminium, and stainless steel; 6) implementation of attenuation values for an idealised copper waveguide; e) relaxation of tolerances of waveguide outside dimensions for R 14 to R 70 in the table now referred to as Table 4; f) clarification of the electrical tests: 1) use of standard annealed copper as the reference material for waveguide tubes; 2) correction of the formula for calculating the theoretical attenuation of an idealised copper waveguide; 3) addition of a formula for calculating the theoretical attenuation of waveguides made of any material; 4) addition of an informative table with typical waveguide materials (Table 5); g) addition of an informative cross-reference for waveguide type designations (Annex A).

This document specifies the functional requirements for output and accuracy of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line.

European common modification to EN 61936-1

IEC 60794-1-107:2025 applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. This document defines test procedures used in establishing uniform requirements for torsion performance. Refer to IEC 60794-1-2 for a reference guide to test methods and for general requirements and definitions. NOTE Throughout this document, the wording "optical cable" also includes optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc. This first edition partially cancels and replaces IEC 60794-1-21:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60794-1-21:2015: a) Update of the typical test length according to the different types of cables; b) Update of Figure 2 by loading weights to cable gripping fixture.

IEC 61000-4-30:2025 defines the methods for measurement and interpretation of results for power quality parameters in AC power supply systems with a declared fundamental frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Measurement methods are described for each relevant parameter in terms that give reliable and repeatable results, regardless of the method’s implementation. This document addresses measurement methods for in-situ measurements. This document covers two classes of measurement methods (Class A and Class S). The classes of measurement are specified in Clause 4. NOTE 1 In this document, “A” stands for “advanced” and “S” stands for “surveys”. Measurement of parameters covered by this document is limited to conducted phenomena in power systems. The power quality parameters considered in this document are power frequency, magnitude of the supply voltage, flicker, supply voltage dips and swells, voltage interruptions, transient voltages, supply voltage unbalance, voltage harmonics and interharmonics, rapid voltage changes, mains communicating system (MCS) voltages, magnitude of current, harmonic currents, interharmonic currents and current unbalance. Emissions in the 2 kHz to 150 kHz range are considered in Annex C and Annex D. Depending on the purpose of the measurement, all or a subset of the phenomena on this list can be measured. NOTE 2 Test methods for verifying compliance with this document can be found in IEC 62586-2. NOTE 3 The effects of transducers inserted between the power system and the instrument are acknowledged but not addressed in detail in this document. Guidance about effects of transducers can be found IEC TR 61869-103. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) IEC 61000-4-30:2015/AMD1:2021 and IEC 61000-4-30:2015/COR1:2016 were included. b) The measurement method for rapid voltage changes (RVC) has been corrected and extended. c) The measurement method for voltage events has been updated and extended. d) Annex C was divided into 2 parts: 1) Annex C: The measurement method from IEC 61000-4-7:2002 and IEC 61000‑4‑7:2002/AMD1:2008, Annex B for conducted emissions in the 2 kHz to 9 kHz range has been separate 2) Annex D: A new measurement method for conducted emissions in the 9 kHz to 150 kHz range has been added. e) Annex D (underdeviation and overdeviation parameters) was removed. f) Annex E (Class B) was removed.

IEC 60794-1-129:2025 applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. The document defines test procedures used in establishing uniform requirements for mechanical performance-straight midspan access to optical elements. Throughout this document, the wording "optical cable" also includes optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc. NOTE See IEC 60794‑1‑2 for a reference guide to test methods of all types and for general requirements and definitions. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60794‑1‑21:2015 and IEC 60794-1-21:2015/AMD 1:2020: a) this document cancels and replaces method E29 of IEC 60794-1-21:2015 and IEC 60794‑1‑21:2015/AMD 1:2020; b) addition of the description for applicable cable types; c) update of Figure 2a), Figure 2b) and Figure 3; d) addition of the displacement measure description; e) addition of the details to be reported.

This European Standard is applicable to new low voltage devices for measurement, control and protection which are: — for indoor or outdoor fixed installations in traction systems, and — operated in conjunction with high voltage equipment with an a.c. line voltage and frequency as specified in EN 50163. This European Standard also applies to measurement, control and protective devices other than low voltage devices and not covered by a specific railway product standard as far as reasonably possible. Requirements of this document prevail. Scope of amendment Implementation of 2 technical changes: — Modification of subclause 5.4, second item in list of protection functions. — Aligning the value for short-circuit current of 50 Hz traction systems given in Annex A subclause A.2.1 ‘Line testing – General’ with EN 50388-1:2022 Table 7

IEC 60794-1-207:2025 describes test procedures to be used in establishing uniform requirements for optical fibre cables for the environmental property: performance degradation when exposed to nuclear radiation. This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. Method F7A evaluates performance degradation of optical fibre cable in environmental background radiation; Method F7B evaluates performance degradation of optical fibre cable in adverse nuclear environments. NOTE Throughout the document, the wording "optical cable" can also include optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc. This first edition cancels and replaces the method F7 of the second edition of IEC 60794-1-22 published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) detailed content of sample, apparatus, procedure, requirements and details of the method to be specified and reported are added.

This document is applicable to the system engineering of bogies and running gear for rail vehicles, including those vehicles intended to operate under the Interoperability Directives.
It specifies the requirements to achieve:
-   a satisfactory design of bogie or running gear,
-   validation of the design within its operating envelope, and
-   a maintenance plan
to ensure that the relevant performance and safety criteria are maintained.
The scope of the system engineering process specified in this document includes the design, validation and maintenance of bogies and running gear. No requirements are specified for other systems components that are attached to the bogies or running gear, except to ensure that a satisfactory interface has been provided.
NOTE   Specifications that relate to bogies and running gear can only be considered in the context of a specific vehicle application. Therefore, the performance, including safety, can relate only to the bogies and running gear as part of a vehicle configuration and not to the individual elements of the bogies or running gear.

IEC 62541-100:2025 defines the information model associated with Devices. This document describes three models which build upon each other as follows:
• The (base) Device Model is intended to provide a unified view of devices and their hardware and software parts irrespective of the underlying device protocols.
• The Device Communication Model adds Network and Connection information elements so that communication topologies can be created.
• The Device Integration Host Model finally adds additional elements and rules required for host systems to manage integration for a complete system. It enables reflecting the topology of the automation system with the devices as well as the connecting communication networks.
This document also defines AddIns that can be used for the models in this document but also for models in other information models. They are:
• Locking model – a generic AddIn to control concurrent access,
• Software update model – an AddIn to manage software in a Device.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a a ComponentType that can be used to model any HW or SW element of a device has been defined and a SoftwareType has been added as subtype of ComponentType;
b the new OPC UA interface concept and defined interfaces for Nameplate, DeviceHealth, and SupportInfo has been added.
c) a new model for Software Update (Firmware Update) has been added;
d) a new entry point for documents where each document is represented by a FileType instance has been specified;
e) a model that provides information about the lifetime, related limits and semantic of the lifetime of things like tools, material or machines has been added.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid-infrared (IR) spectrometry and a transmission sample cell, which applies to FAME contents of the three measurement ranges as follows:
-   range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V);
-   range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V);
-   range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V).
Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analysed if diluted; however, no precision data for results outside the specified range is available at present.
This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214. Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present, this test method is expected to produce higher values.
NOTE 1   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.
NOTE 2   For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of 883,0 kg/m3 is adopted.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of total bound nitrogen (ST-TNb) in water of various origins: groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration generally between 0,5 mg/l and 220 mg/l of ST-TNb using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required.
The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution.
NOTE      The results of a small-scale sealed tube are most precise in the middle of the application range of the test.
All small-scale sealed tube methods are based on a heated alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation in a heating block. Different digestion temperatures, 100 °C or 120 °C or 170 °C, and different digestion times are applicable. Dimethylphenol colour reactions are applied, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.

1.1    This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for
—    cold presses,
—    hot presses,
—    bending presses,
—    edge/face gluing presses,
—    membrane presses, and
—    embossing presses,
where the pressing force is applied by hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical actuators pushing two flat or shaped surfaces against each other, capable of continuous production use, altogether referred to as “machines”.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A, relevant to machines, when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases are taken into account.
1.2    This document is applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices or additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with:
a)    a device for hot gluing;
b)    a device for high-frequency gluing in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz;
c)    a device for high-frequency shaping in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz;
d)    an automatic workpiece loading and unloading system;
e)    an intermediate additional platen;
f)    a workpiece extractor;
g)    a horizontal pressing system;
h)    split moveable platens.
1.3    The machines are designed to process workpieces consisting of:
a)    solid wood;
b)    materials with similar characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2), except those with light alloy laminates/edges/profiles for high-frequency presses;
c)    wood-based material such as chipboard, fibreboard and plywood composed/laminated with steel sheets/edges/profiles, except for high-frequency presses;
d)    honeycomb board;
e)    composite boards made from the materials listed above.
1.4    This document does not deal with any hazards related to:
—    specific devices that differ from the list above;
—    hot fluid heating systems internal to the machine other than electrical;
—    any hot fluid heating systems external to the machine;
—    operation of taking intermediate platens out and in again;
—    the combination of a single machine being used with any other machine (as part of a line).
1.5    This document is not applicable to:
—    frame presses;
—    membrane presses where the pressing force is applied by vacuum only;
—    presses for producing chipboard, fibreboard, OSB;
—    machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere;
—    machines manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

This document covers heavy rail rolling stock.
This document does not cover urban rail rolling stock.
NOTE 1   EN 17355 covers communication device requirements for urban rail rolling stock.
This document specifies:
-   the functional requirements for a call for aid system and communication device system;
-   the dynamic analysis of the call for aid system.
NOTE 2   "Dynamic analysis" is understood here as a sequence of actions.
NOTE 3   In a formation of vehicles where one complies with this document with one that does not, it is possible that the call for aid system is not fully functional.
NOTE 4   The call for aid system function is separate from the Passenger Alarm System (PAS) function, which is provided to deal with emergency situations. The PAS is described in EN 16334-1:2014+A1:2022.
NOTE 5   The communication device system can be different from the PAS, but it can share some or all parts of the PAS to achieve its functionalities.
NOTE 6   The PAS is regarded as a safety relevant system whereas the CFA system and communication device system are non-safety relevant aids to passengers.