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This document uses ellipsometric measurements and their analysis to specify the method for the determination of the layer thickness d of a transparent layer and the optical (refractive index n) or dielectric (real part ε1) constants/functions based on the transparent single layer model within a spectral region, for which k = 0 applies.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of snagging resistance of a fabric using a mace (spiked ball). This test method is applicable to knitted and to woven fabrics.

This document specifies test methods to measure the amount of test liquid (simulated urine) which runs down a nonwoven test specimen when a specified mass of test liquid is poured on the nonwoven test specimen superimposed on a standard absorbent medium and placed on an inclined plane. This document is designed to compare run-off of nonwovens. It is not intended to simulate in use conditions for finished products. The three methods are: a) Option A - basic method for testing hydrophilic nonwovens, see Annex A. b) Option B - repeated test, with the same test parameters as the basic method with additional information in Option A, see Annex B. c) Option C - modified method for testing hydrophobic nonwovens specifying another degree of incline, see Annex C. The test method is designed to measure the repellency of hydrophobic nonwovens. At the standard inclination angle, Option A isn’t able to distinguish between different levels of hydrophobicity. By decreasing the inclination of the table, one can assess the difference in repellence of hydrophobic nonwovens. For R&D purposes, other characteristics can be measured according to Annex D.

This document specifies the properties and acceptable tolerances for bonded human-made mineral wool thermal insulating board for the overdeck insulation of roofs of buildings. The product is intended for roofs carrying foot traffic by maintenance personnel only. This document specifies the properties to be declared by the manufacturer at the time of delivery, as well as some test methods for the determination of these properties. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only. Design values can be derived from these by considering the environmental factors affecting the thermal performance of the product, the influence of the product properties on installation, and the effect of workmanship on the thermal performance. This document applies to board with or without a membrane for the insulation of the upper surface of roofs under roofing systems protected against water. The properties of a facing membrane are not described. When the board is supplied with a facing membrane, it is not intended to be waterproof. The board specified in this document is intended to be fixed to the roof surface.

This document specifies the reference framework for the benchmarking of integrated indoor localization and tracking methods (LTMs) using dead reckoning in areas of: master sets and test environments; benchmark metrics; benchmarking process; conformance.

This document specifies the principal dimensions of grooved pulleys for classical V-belts (sections Y, Z, A, B, C, D, and E) and narrow V-belts (sections SPZ, SPA, SPB, and SPC) specified in the terminology system based on datum width.

This document specifies several methods for preparing laboratory samples of fibres, yarns and fabrics and presents a limited treatment of the problem of drawing specimens for testing. The selection of length-biased samples is not within the scope of this document. It does not cover particular procedures for the determination of commercial weights or moisture content.

This document specifies the quality and safety requirements of Pueraria lobata root. This document applies to Pueraria lobata root that is sold and used as natural medicine in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this root.

This document specifies the process for determining the optical or dielectric constants by means of ellipsometric measurements and their analysis based on the bulk material model. If the assumptions of the bulk material model are strictly met, it is possible to determine the optical constants (refractive index n and extinction coefficient k) or the dielectric constants (real part ε1 and imaginary part ε2) of the material directly. Alternatively, optical ( and ) or dielectric ( and ) pseudo constants are determined, which depend on the measurement angle of incidence φ. The degree of consistency of the pseudo constants in the relevant spectral range, determined from measurements at different angles of incidence, represents a necessary prerequisite for the validity or quality of the bulk material model.

This document provides supplemental information and guidance on how to implement the requirements listed in ISO 35001 [1]. This document does not add requirements to those in ISO 35001 [1].

This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of soluble particulate fluorides and hydrofluoric acid (HF) in workplace air by collection of the particulate fluorides on a pre-filter and HF on an alkali-impregnated filter and analysis by ion chromatography. This method is only applicable to determination of particulate fluorides that are soluble using the sample preparation procedure specified. For aerosol sampling, this method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. The method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,005 mg to at least 1,25 mg of particulate fluorides per sample and 0,015 mg to at least 1,2 mg of HF per sample.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of manganese in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to manganese contents between 0,001 % (mass fraction) and 4,0 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a method for the determination of the gas oil retention of solid, high nitrogen content, straight ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The method is applicable to fertilizers which do not contain materials soluble in gas oil and which are prilled or granular.

This document supports interchangeability of digital signatures and the prevention of incorrect or illegal digital signatures by providing minimum requirements and formats for generating and verifying digital signatures and related certificates. This document describes the common technical, operational, and policy requirements to enable digital certificates to be used in protecting the exchange of healthcare information within a single domain, between domains, and across jurisdictional boundaries. The purpose of this document is to create a platform for global interoperability. It specifically supports digital certificate enabled communication across borders but can also provide guidance for the national or regional deployment of digital certificates in healthcare. This document defines the provable compliance with a public key infrastructure (PKI) policy necessary in the domain of healthcare. It specifies a method of adopting long-term signature formats to ensure integrity and non-repudiation in long-term electronic preservation of healthcare information. This document provides healthcare-specific PKI (HPKI) profiles of digital signature based on the ISO/ETSI standard profiles specified in CAdES (CMS Advanced Electronic Signature)[1], XAdES (XML Advanced Electronic Signature), PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signature)[2] and the ETSI standard specified in JAdES (JSON Advanced Electronic Signature)[13].

This document describes a method for determining the tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles, in particular the adhesion between the back of the fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and the cementitious adhesive used for installation.

This document specifies the properties and acceptable tolerances for bonded man-made mineral wool thermal insulating mats (batts and rolls). The mats specified in this document are for use within ventilated spaces of buildings where the essential ventilation of the space can be restricted if the thickness recovery of the insulation is excessive. See ISO 9774:2004, Figure 1, for typical locations. They can be supplied flat, folded, or in the form of a roll. This document specifies the properties to be declared by the manufacturer at the time of delivery, as well as some test methods for the determination of these properties. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only. Mats can be supplied with a factory-applied facing, but facings are not covered by this document. Because mats are not generally designed to support any applied load, only the mechanical properties required for adequate handling during application are specified.

This document provides guidelines for the classification and performance of leather upholstered products. This document is applicable to products made of leather upholstered for all levels of production. This document is applied if the upholstered material is made of leather or rather is a leather semi-finished product.

This document specifies a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence of the modified cry1Ab/Ac gene and a procedure for the detection of the DNA transition sequence between the maize ubiquitin promoter (Pubi) and the cry1Ab/Ac gene. The modified cry1Ab/Ac gene and the Pubi-cry construct are frequently found in genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) plants. Both detection methods are based on real-time PCR and can be used for qualitative screening purposes. For identification and quantification of a specific genetically modified plant (event) a follow-up analysis has to be carried out. This document is applicable to the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It can also be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The application of these methods requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the relevant matrix.

This document provides a collection of use cases on advanced learning analytics services, which leverages emerging technologies such as cloud computing, blockchain, virtual reality, internet of things, artificial intelligence in K12 education, higher education, and vocational education and training (VET). This document also establishes a categorization of different groups of learning analytics services and outlines their interrelationships. This document is applicable to the design and development of learning analytics activities.

This document specifies requirements and gives guidance on thermal hazards for developing safety standards for child care articles.

This document specifies the method and criteria for monitoring corrosion states of heat exchange tubes, heat exchange plates and other components made of stainless steel in industrial cooling water by combination of polarization resistance and corrosion potential. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the corrosion states of stainless steel in industrial cooling water or similar media, as well as the monitoring of the corrosiveness of industrial cooling water. The cooling water is generally taken from natural water, tap water and reclaimed water. It is applicable to industrial cooling water with pH value of 5,0 to 11,0, temperature of 0 °C to 60 °C, and conductivity higher than 20 μS/cm.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, this document defines a specific keyboard layout for the Latin script. This document is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications.

IEC 60749-7:2025 specifies the testing and measurement of water vapour and other gas content of the atmosphere inside a metal or ceramic hermetically sealed device. The test is used as a measure of the quality of the sealing process and to provide information about the long-term chemical stability of the atmosphere inside the package. It is applicable to semiconductor devices sealed in such a manner but generally only used for high reliability applications such as military or aerospace.
Of particular interest is the measurement of the primary sealing gases (or lack thereof), the moisture content, the presence of bombing gases that are indicative of non-hermeticity (e.g. helium), oxygen to argon ratio indicative of room air ~ 20 to 1 (± 10 %), dissimilar concentration of internally sealed gases (e.g. nitrogen, helium) than originally sealed in the device package, the presence of leak test fluid (i.e. fluorocarbon, helium, air), and all other gases to determine if the device meets the specified moisture, hermeticity and other criteria. Also of interest is the measurement of all the other gases since they reflect upon the quality of the sealing process and provide information about the long-term chemical stability of the atmosphere inside the device. The presence of leak test fluorocarbon vapour in the internal gas analysis (IGA) is an indication of failure to meet leak test requirements of IEC 60749‑8.
This test is destructive.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) This document has been re-written and rearranged to align with the text of MIL-STD-883, Method 1018.10.
b) Additional detail has been provided in the calibration requirements.

This document gives an overview of a variety of physical and analytical methods by which bacteria, biofilms, and the interaction of those with antimicrobial compounds can be analysed. For each technique a general overview is given and its current state of the art. The strengths and limitations of each technique to measure microbial samples are given alongside suggestions for future developments. This document is intended as a guide and a starting point to more specific activities of ISO/TC 201, Surface chemical analysis, in the future, which end in standardized procedures for measurements.

This document specifies the instruments and equipment, reagents and materials, preparation, measurement procedure, calculations and precision for determining the solubility of elemental sulfur using the saturated dissolution method. This document covers the determination of sour gas samples collected from downhole, wellhead or separator using a sampler, or sour gas prepared in the laboratory, the sampling process of which is not involved.

IEC TS 63042-401:2026, which is a Technical Specification, gives guidance on UHV AC substation maintenance considering system-oriented maintenance issues of UHV AC transmission systems.
It is based on the development and on-site practice of maintenance technology involved in UHV AC transmission systems. It applies to power system planners, equipment suppliers, engineering contractors, maintenance staff and power grid operators.

IEC TS 62271-318:2024 specifies requirements for gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear in which the insulation is obtained, at least partly, by an insulating gas or gas mixture other than air at atmospheric pressure, for direct current of rated voltages including and above 100 kV, for indoor and outdoor installation. This document includes rules for service conditions, ratings, design, and construction requirements. Test requirements and criteria for proof for passing type and routine tests are defined in this document for development and manufacturing of DC switchgear. For the purpose of this document, the terms "DC GIS" and "DC switchgear" are used for "DC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear". This specification is applicable for both Line Commutated Converter (LCC) and Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) for HVDC systems. The DC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear covered by this document consists of individual components intended to be directly connected together and able to operate only in this manner. This document completes and amends, if applicable, the various relevant documents applying to the individual components constituting DC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear.

This document describes a method for the online determination of hydrogen sulfide content in natural gas by laser absorption spectroscopy. The analytical range expressed as mole fraction is 1 μmol/mol to 50 μmol/mol.

This document specifies the execution, validation, verification and documentation of a numerical welding simulation within the field of computational welding mechanics (CWM) and performed with a scientific computational tool (SCT). This document is applicable to the thermal and mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) of arc, laser and electron beam welding processes for the purpose of calculating the effects of welding processes, and in particular, residual stresses and distortion, in support of structural integrity assessment.

IEC 63350:2026 specifies generic requirements for creating a digital system that is used for measuring the characteristics of visually detectable performance, such as browning intensity and lightness.
It defines the metrological requirements of this digital system and demonstrates the procedures for compliance. The digital system contains the measuring instrument, the software, and the reference materials necessary to realize the measurement process.
References to this document can be made by a customer when specifying the digital system and by the suppliers when specifying products offered.
Interested parties can agree to use this document as an input for satisfying measurement management system requirements in any activities.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 63350, published in 2022.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 63350:
a) Revision of 4.2: movable items (e.g., containers, jigs, reference objects) can now be present in the assessment area provided that mitigation measures are applied and periodic verification against known reference artefacts is documented; the requirement to keep the assessment area as constant as possible is retained.
b) Addition of new supporting document: Note in 5.1 introduces the Fogra 52 profile (included in the reference colour supporting documents from the IEC SC 59K supporting documents web site) which is referencing the conditions ISO 12647-7 and ISO 12647-2.
c) Four additional reference shades with hue angles > 130° are introduced in 5.3 for calibration (to enable accurate pixel‑wise hue‑angle measurement). These do not create new shade classes.
d) Revision of 6.2: Calculation of sampling positions remains unchanged, but the procedure changes to reflect better the actual test scenario.
e) Added reporting of input image colour channel data (7.7).

IEC 60445:2021 applies to the identification and marking of terminals of electrical equipment such as resistors, fuses, relays, contactors, transformers, rotating machines and, wherever applicable, to combinations of such equipment (e.g. assemblies), and also applies to the identification of terminations of certain designated conductors. It also provides general rules for the use of certain colours or alphanumeric notations to identify conductors with the aim of avoiding ambiguity and ensuring safe operation. These conductor colours or alphanumeric notations are intended to be applied in cables or cores, busbars, electrical equipment and installations. This basic safety publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
IEC 60445:2021 cancels and replaces the sixth edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the definitions have been aligned with IEC 60050-195:2021 and IEC 60050-826;
b) the provisions for colour to be used for identification of certain designated conductors are made requirements and not only recommendations;
c) introduction of a new subclause on marking of protective terminals for multiple power supply inputs on equipment.

This document applies to single stage, two stage and economised refrigerant compressors. Selected test methods are described for the determination of the refrigerating capacity, the power input, the isentropic efficiency and where possible the volumetric efficiency. These test methods provide results of sufficient accuracy to permit consideration of the suitability of a refrigerant compressor to operate satisfactorily under any set of basic test conditions required for a given application. NOTE Tests on complete refrigeration installations are dealt with in ISO 916.

IEC 60749-22-1:2025 provides a means for determining the strength and failure mode of a wire bonded to, and the corresponding interconnects on, a die or package bonding surface and can be performed on unencapsulated or decapsulated devices. This test method can be performed on gold alloy, copper alloy, and silver alloy thermosonic (ball and stitch) bonds made of wire ranging in diameter from 15 µm to 76 µm (0,000 6" to 0,003"); and on gold alloy, copper alloy, and aluminium alloy ultrasonic (wedge) bonds made of wire ranging in diameter from 18 µm to 600 µm (0,000 7" to 0,024").
This wire bond pull test method is destructive. It is appropriate for use in process development, process control, or quality assurance.
This test method allows for two distinct methods of pulling wires:
a) One method incorporates the use of a hook that is placed under the wire and is then pulled.
b) One method requires that after the wire be cut, a clamp is placed on the wire connected to the bond to be tested, and this clamp is used to pull the wire.
This test method does not include bond strength testing using wire bond shear testing. Wire bond shear testing is described in IEC 60749-22-2.
This first edition, together with the first edition of IEC 60749-22-2:2025, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60749-22 published in 2002.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Major update, including new techniques and use of new materials (e.g. copper wire) involving a complete rewrite as two separate subparts (this document and IEC 60749-22-2).
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60749-22-2:2025.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of heavy extraneous materials (HEM) larger than 3,15 mm by the use of sink-and-float separation combined with elutriation. This document is applicable to woody biomass in accordance with ISO 17225-1, and especially for hogfuel in accordance with ISO 17225-9. NOTE 1 This method is designed to determine the level of impurities larger than 3,15 mm with a specific density >1 g/cm3, such as stones, glass, rubber, metal and certain types of plastics. NOTE 2 During the processing of the sample, hand sorting of light impurities with a specific density ≤1 g/cm3 (e.g. plastic foil) can also be done. NOTE 3 Some heavy extraneous materials (e.g. lumps of clay) can fall apart when submerged in water. NOTE 4 Heavy extraneous materials smaller than 3,15 mm can damage milling equipment, when reducing the material in size to produce laboratory samples.

This document specifies safety, design, construction and performance requirements and testing for electronic fuel/air ratio control (FARC) systems. Systems can include sensors, mechanical actuators and motors/blowers that make up the complete system. Systems can be described as: closed loop fuel/air ratio control systems (ERC), see 3.1.1; closed loop fuel/air ratio trim systems (ERT), see 3.1.2; fuel/air ratio supervision systems (ERS), see 3.2. NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word “system” means “FARC control and system components”. These systems are intended for use with burners and appliances that burn gaseous or liquid fuels. This document describes the procedures for evaluating these requirements and specifies information necessary for installation and use. This document applies to the inherent safety of the system, to the declared operating values, operating times and operating sequences if they are associated with FARC safety and to the testing of FARC systems used in, on or in association with appliances. NOTE 2 The documents for burners, appliances or processes which use ERC, ERS or ERT can override the requirements of this document. This document prescribes testing requirements in addition to the relevant standards for integrated devices or components (e.g. actuators) to ensure safe operation of the FARC system. If no part 2 standards in ISO/TC 161, Controls and protective devices for gaseous and liquid fuels, or IEC/TC 72, Textile machinery and accessories, exist, then IEC 60730-1 is considered. NOTE 3 Supplemental or modified requirements and tests and evaluations can be needed for ERC, ERS or ERT systems for conformance with relevant burner, appliance or process standards. Conformance of an ERC, ERS or ERT with this document does not imply that such systems or components thereof are acceptable for use on an appliance without supplemental tests of the control system applied to the particular appliance to meet the requirements of the relevant burner, appliance or process standard(s). This document applies to electronic fuel/air ratio control systems that can be tested independently or as a system or as part of an appliance or as part of a burner. This document does not cover burner control function like e.g. burner ignition, flame supervision and fuel shutoff.

IEC 61169-64:2025, which is a sectional specification (SS), provides information for the preparation of detail specifications (DS) for coaxial connectors with 0,8 mm inner diameter of the outer conductor, characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and with screw coupling. These connectors are referred to below as type 0,8 connectors. They are used in telecommunications technology as well as in test and measurement applications for operating frequencies up to 145 GHz.
This document describes mating face dimensions for high performance connectors (grade 1) and standard test connectors (grade 0), gauging information and tests selected from IEC 61169-1, applicable to all detail specifications relating to type 0,8 connectors.
This document indicates the recommended performance characteristics to consider when writing a detail specification and it covers test schedules and inspection requirements for assessment levels M and H.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) upgrading of the inferior connector class to a grade 1 “high performance connector”;
b) alignment of the mating face dimensions as well as the ratings and characteristics with the precision 0,8 mm connectors specified in the IEEE 287.1-2021 and IEEE 287.3-2021 standards;
c) figures: true-to-scale design; change of datum system for tolerances; introduction of an additional dimension;
d) gauge pins: correction of dimensions and test procedures;
e) simplification of the clauses on quality assessment (Clause 5), preparation of a detail specification (Clause 6), and marking (Clause 7) by making direct reference to the generic specification IEC 61169-1;
f) introduction of an optional design for the coupling nut.

This document specifies the properties and acceptance tolerances for bonded man-made mineral wool thermal insulating mats (batts and rolls). The mats specified in this document are only intended to be used for horizontal applications with unrestricted ventilation, where any excess of thickness recovery of the insulation mat will not restrict the essential ventilation space. See ISO 9774:2004, Figure 1 for typical locations. The mineral wool mats which are specified in ISO 8144-1 are primarily intended for use in applications where any excess of thickness must be limited. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only; design values can be derived from these by considering the environmental factors affecting the thermal performance of the product, the influence of the product properties on installation, and the effect of workmanship on the thermal performance. For converting declared R-values to design values, see ISO 10456. Mats can be supplied with a factory-applied facing, but facings are not covered by this document. In general, mats are not designed to support any applied load. For this reason, only the mechanical properties required for adequate handling during application are specified.

This document outlines the business processes and data requirements for the implementation of electronic bill of lading (eBL). Its primary focus is the secure digital transfer of title documents via a trusted platform. Additionally, it specifies optional data elements that are essential for leveraging distributed ledger technology (DLT) to support the eBL workflow.

IEC TS 63379:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage not exceeding 1 500 V DC and a rated current up to and including 3 000 A that employ:
a) thermal sensing, or
b) thermal transport and thermal sensing,
with the system architecture described in 4.100.

IEC 63616:2025 relates to a conductivity measurement method of thin metal films at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. This method has been developed to evaluate the conductivity of a metal foil used for adhering to a substrate or the interfacial conductivity of a metal layer formed on a dielectric substrate. It uses higher-order modes of a balanced-type circular disk resonator and provides broadband conductivity measurements by using a single resonator.
In comparison with the conventional method described in IEC 61788-7 [1]1, this method has the following characteristics:
– the value of the conductivity σ of a metal foil can be measured accurately and non-destructively;
– the value of the interfacial conductivity σ of a metal layer on a dielectric substrate can be measured accurately and non-destructively;
– this method presents broadband measurements by using higher-order modes by one resonator;
– this method is applicable for the measurements under the following conditions:
• frequency: 10 GHz ≤ f ≤ 170 GHz;
• conductivity: 105 S/m ≤σ ≤ 108 S/m.

This document defines multi-point gestures for screen readers. It specifies movements for clear and classified multi-point gestures recognized by the screen readers. It describes multi-point gestures performed by multiple point of interest (POI) for the screen readers. NOTE Multiple POI can be manipulated by using multiple objects such as fingertips, etc.

This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.

IEC 62841-2-24:2026 applies to oscillating multifunction tools.
This document is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014 and IEC 62841-1:2014/AMD1:2025.
This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 62841-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for hand-held oscillating multifunction tools.
Where a particular subclause of IEC 62841-1 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause applies as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in IEC 62841-1 is to be adapted accordingly.
The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication.

This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics. It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties. The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye. NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E). It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.