ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies the requirements for dehydrated tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus) (methylchavicol type; also called “estragole -type tarragon”) in the form of whole or cut leaves and powder. It does not apply to the elemicin-sabinene-type tarragon. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex A.

This document specifies the presentation of lexicographic entries in general language dictionaries, whether monolingual, bilingual or multilingual, following a lexicographic lemma-oriented approach, and intended for human end-users. Concerning the modelling of the underlying data, this document follows the ISO 24613 series. The document provides recommendations for addressing the heterogeneous structures of data presentation in lexicographic entries, both in printed and digital dictionaries. This document also establishes core concepts related to the broader scope of lexicographic work.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the periodic inspection and testing of permanently mounted tubes of: composite with seamless metallic liners; composite with non-load-sharing liners; seamless steel; in battery vehicles and multiple element gas containers (MEGCs) including frames and associated equipment (these components are also inspected); and large tubes of: composite with seamless metallic liners; composite with non-load-sharing liners; in modules including frames and associated equipment (these components are also inspected).

This document is applicable to whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing or seated on freely moveable ground support equipment (GSE) when driving, for purposes of type evaluation and declaration. This document also specifies methods for verifying vibration emission. This document is applicable to self-powered GSE only. The test results do not apply to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the different parts of the EN 1915 series and the EN 12312 series. This document does not apply to GSE manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding for visual volumetric media using video‑based coding methods. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that can be needed for reconstruction of visual volumetric media, and can also include additional processes such as post‑decoding, pre-reconstruction, post‑reconstruction, and adaptation.

This document provides a self-assessment of an organization’s human-centred design principles, processes, and activities throughout the life cycle of computer-based interactive systems. It also provides an overview of information given in the ISO 9241-200 series of standards. It is intended to be used as an introduction and self-assessment guide to human-centred design (HCD). Its target audience is personnel responsible for and managing design processes, and it is concerned with ways in which both hardware and software components of interactive systems can enhance human–system interaction. This document does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for human-centred design, nor does it address health or safety aspects in detail. Although it addresses the planning and management of human-centred design, it does not address all aspects of project management. NOTE Detailed human factors, ergonomics, usability and accessibility issues are dealt with more fully in a number of standards including other parts of ISO 9241 and ISO 6385, which sets out the broad principles of ergonomics.

This document provides guidance on applying the set of user accessibility needs (UANs) to the procurement, development and evaluation of ICT products and services. This includes guidance on documenting the application of user accessibility needs. Applying user accessibility needs helps improve accessibility for all users and in particular for users with special needs that might otherwise be overlooked.

This document specifies a subset of the syntax specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 via one Main stream profile and three decoder tool subsets as three decoder profiles. It also defines higher bounds on tile and picture sizes via levels of a decoder profile that a conforming decoder implementation shall support, and specifies profiles, each being tailored to certain application domains, and defines the levels of the profiles.

This document concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration and shock in buildings with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants based on both measurements and simulations. It specifies a method for measurement and evaluation, comprising the determination of the measurement direction and measurement location. It defines the frequency weighting, Wm, which is applicable in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz where the posture of an occupant does not need to be defined, see Annex A. NOTE 1 The frequency weightings given in ISO 2631-1 can be used if the posture of the occupant is defined. Whilst it is often the case that a building will be available for experimental investigation, many of the concepts contained within this document would apply equally to a building in the design process or where it will not be possible to gain access to an existing building. In these cases, reliance will have to be placed on the prediction of the building response by some means. This document does not provide guidance on the likelihood of structural damage, which is discussed in ISO 4866. Further, it is not applicable to the evaluation of effects on human health and safety. Acceptable magnitudes of vibration are not stated in this document, but guidance is provided in Annex C in the form of exposure-response curves for the estimation of annoyance when vibration originates from various sources, including railway, construction activities and blasting. NOTE 2 The exposure-response curves are based on the most recent evidence which suggests that human response to vibration in buildings is dependent on the magnitude, frequency, duration and temporal characteristics of the vibration[4]. In addition, it is known that other factors not directly related to the vibration characteristics have a significant influence on the annoyance response. These are identified in Annex B and include consideration of some parallel effects, subjective impressions and socio-demographic factors which need to be accounted for when collecting vibration data. NOTE 3 Several national standards have been proposed to define methods for assessing exposure to vibration in buildings as well as reference values for judging the annoyance resulting from exposure. These standards generally present significant differences in terms of metrics and methods used to quantify exposure as well as on the guideline values to prevent adverse effects. Some standards define limit values that are based on experimental field data leading to exposure-response relationships such as those proposed in Annex C. Other standards base their limit values on estimations that take into account vibration perception thresholds and situational factors. Some standards also consider the magnitude of vibration that can present a risk of damage to the buildings, particularly when blasting is involved.

This document establishes concepts for understanding and improving systems resilience. Systems resilience addresses the capabilities of systems under adversity. This document is applicable to human-created systems that can be either physical or conceptual, or a combination of both. It applies to systems as defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, including services and products. It is not intended to apply to naturally occurring systems.

This document provides information on the design of geosynthetics for surface erosion control on slopes and river or channel banks. It does not apply to the design of geosynthetics for the stability of slopes and river or channel banks. It does not apply to coastal protection issues.

This document provides test methods for determining air tightness and separation performance (permeation and salt rejection) of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane elements.

This document provides requirements and guidance on common competence requirements and qualifications for crewed submersible operations to enable operators to develop their own competence schemes. It is applicable to any crewed submersible system (CSS) or craft. Conventional and nuclear powered naval submarines, and diving bells are not addressed in this document.

This document describes a solution for integrating advanced process control and optimization capabilities for manufacturing systems by introducing the advanced control system of the distillation column in detail with a separate distillation column as an application case. This document is intended to be used with ISO 15746-1, ISO 15746-2 and ISO 15746-3.

This document provides an overview of the metadata element sets, developed in different countries and by different organizations according to the ISO 23081 series of standards.

This document specifies the methods, parameter sets and models to develop and utilize a data package for a part created using AM technologies (AM part). This document is applicable to the information requirements associated with workflow of the fabrication of an AM part, from design to acceptance. Peripheral information related to entities such as organization, facility, operator, security, and others is addressed for sake of completeness; but is not the focus of this document and can be defined elsewhere. This document provides the means to develop an organizational or application-specific data package for the communication between and amongst the designer, the manufacturer, and all acceptance authorities, among other potential stakeholders. This document does not impose a plan of execution to produce an AM part, though a digital thread is provided to establish a referenceable information workflow. The requirements set forth in this document are based on the fabrication of a part using the PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion-laser based/metal) process. While specific details directly relate to PBF-LB/M, generalized workflow requirements can be related to any AM process.

This document specifies how a digital thread enables the creation, connectivity, management, and maintenance of manufacturing digital twins across the product life cycle, including design, planning, production, and testing by defining principles, presenting methodologies, and providing use case examples.

This document establishes principles, specifies requirements and gives guidance on self-declared environmental claims about products and their environmental statement programmes, including claims that also cover related social and economic aspects that are affected by environmental conditions or the environmental performance of a product. This document defines selected terms commonly used in self-declared environmental claims and provides qualifications for their use, as well as describing the documentation and methodologies required for assessing self-declared environmental claims. This document is applicable to self-declared environmental claims that predominantly take the form of words, but can also be symbols or graphics on product or package labels, or appear in product literature, technical bulletins, advertising and publicity, including on digital platforms.

This document specifies principles and requirements and gives guidance on environmental product declaration (EPD) programmes and their associated EPDs. This document specifies the use of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 on life cycle assessment (LCA) in the development of EPDs. This document is applicable to EPD programmes and their associated EPDs that are intended to address the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products, and which can also include related social and economic aspects in support of sustainable development. NOTE 1 This document does not deal with social or economic LCA indicators. NOTE 2 Related social and economic aspects of the products can be reported as additional sustainability-related information, where relevant and available. This document provides requirements and guidance for the communication of the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products to the intended audience of the EPD. This document does not apply to sector-specific provisions, which are dealt with in other ISO documents. It is intended that sector-specific provisions in other ISO documents related to EPDs are based on and use the principles, requirements and guidance of this document.

This document specifies the dimensions of fixed or rotatable bolted knife-edge flanges used in vacuum systems for pressures ranging from atmospheric to as low as 10−11 Pa.

This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength, the corresponding compressive strain, the compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics. Two procedures are specified. Procedure A and Procedure B. Procedure A utilizes the compression plate displacement for the nominal property determination. It is used to determine: compressive strength and the corresponding nominal compressive strain; compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain; nominal compressive modulus. Procedure B uses an extensometer and determines the conventional properties. It is used to determine: compressive strength and the corresponding compressive strain; compressive modulus.

This document provides requirements for demonstrating that the site in question is adequate to provide safe, long-term containment of CO2, for demonstrating that the CO2 flood is operated in a way to assure containment of the CO2 in the EOR complex, and for quantifying associated storage. This document applies to CO2 that is injected in enhanced recovery operations for oil and other hydrocarbons, including natural gas, (CO2-EOR) for which quantification of CO2 that is safely stored long-term in association with the CO2-EOR project is sought. Recognizing that some CO2-EOR projects use non-anthropogenic CO2 in combination with anthropogenic CO2, the document also shows how allocation ratios can be utilized for optional calculations to quantify the portion of associated storage comprised of anthropogenic CO2 (see Annex A). This document does not apply to quantification of CO2 injected into reservoirs where no hydrocarbon production is anticipated or occurring. Storage of CO2 in geologic formations that do not contain hydrocarbons is covered by ISO 27914 even if located above or below hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. If storage of CO2 is conducted in a reservoir from which hydrocarbons were previously produced but will no longer be produced in paying or commercial quantities, such storage would be subject to the requirements of ISO 27914. This document addresses: safe, long-term containment of CO2 within the EOR complex; CO2 leakage from the EOR complex through leakage pathways; and on-site CO2-EOR project loss of CO2 from wells, equipment, or other facilities. This document does not address the following: lifecycle emissions, including but not limited to CO2 emissions from capture or transportation of CO2, on-site emissions from combustion or power generation, and CO2 emissions resulting from the combustion of produced hydrocarbons; storage of CO2 above ground; buffer and seasonal storage of CO2 below ground (similar to natural gas storage); )any technique or product that does not involve injection of CO2 into the subsurface; and emissions of any greenhouse gases (GHGs) other than CO2. NOTE Some authorities can require other GHG components of the CO2 stream to be quantified.

This document specifies the method of verification and calibration of testing machines for carrying out the instrumented indentation test in accordance with ISO 14577-1. It specifies a direct verification method for verifying and calibrating the main functions of the testing machine and an indirect verification method suitable for the determination of the repeatability of the testing machine. The methods in ISO 14577 are applicable to all systems that comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 14577.

This document specifies methods for measuring the parameters needed to calculate arc energies for arc welding processes.

This document specifies optical and non-optical requirements and the test methods for anti-reflective and hydrophobic properties of coatings on spectacle lenses. This document does not apply to the following topics: requirements and test methods incorporated in other ISO 8980 series standards; the colour of the reflected light.

This document applies the various details and case studies from ISO 16355-1 through ISO/TR 16355-8 to a unified case study based on public information available from a food and beverage case study.[1] By reframing the different case studies into a single story, the relationships and information flows of QFD are more easily followed. This document briefly explains how the methods and tools of QFD and associated methods might work in this food and beverage study. Detailed steps are found in the ISO 16355 series as referenced in this document and readers are able to use these when implementing QFD. Users of this document include all organization functions necessary to assure customer satisfaction, including business planning, marketing, sales, research and development (R&D), engineering, information technology (IT), manufacturing, procurement, quality, production, service, packaging and logistics, support, testing, regulatory, and other phases in hardware, software, service, and system organizations.

This document specifies requirements for a human resource (HR) management system, which enables an organization to: create stakeholder value through effective application and continual improvement of the HR management system, which includes the attraction, development and deployment of workers; integrate the HR management system into the organization’s overall management system, including risk management; demonstrate its ability to consistently manage its workers in a way that contributes to meeting stakeholder needs, including the achievement of organizational objectives and consideration of the needs of workers and employers; positively influence human capital (the collective knowledge, skills and abilities of the organization’s workforce). This document is applicable to organizations of all sizes, growth phases and sectors, whether public or private, for profit or not for profit. This document does not determine the organization’s strategies and objectives. This document does not serve to replace the instruments of agreed collective codetermination, most prominently that of collective bargaining, as established in many countries and practised by, for example, employers, workers unions, employee representatives and their respective associations.

This document specifies a common model for generating, maintaining, and provisioning provenance information on objects, such as biological material and data. This document also specifies requirements for provenance information serialization to achieve its interoperability. The provenance information covers any information relevant to the traceability, quality and fitness for purpose of the biological material and data generated throughout the life cycle of the biological material from collection to analysis, including data originating from analytical procedures applied to the biological material and further processing of the data. This document is applicable to organizations, authorities and industries that are: acquiring, collecting, processing, testing, analysing, storing, or distributing biological material in biotechnology and biomedicine (e.g., biobanks, laboratories, biomedical research as well as biotechnological development or production); generating, collecting, analysing, processing, or storing data on and related to biological material (e.g., biobanks, laboratories, developers, manufacturers, or other institutions and commercial organizations in biotechnology or biomedicine); generating, collecting, analysing, processing, or storing data or digital objects in biotechnology and biomedicine (e.g., in vitro/in vivo/in silico diagnostics developers and manufacturers, or other institutions and commercial organizations in the domain); )manufacturing devices or software for the afore mentioned tasks or providing facilities for these tasks. This document is also applicable to providers of services related to provenance information management (e.g., provenance information generation, storage, provision, or validation). Customers, regulatory authorities, organizations and schemes using peer-assessment, accreditation bodies, and others can use this document in confirming or recognizing the competence of the aforementioned parties. This document does not apply to biological material and data used for medical diagnosis and therapy. NOTE 1 This document can be applied by organizations performing laboratory or research activities as well as other activities in biotechnology and biomedicine. NOTE 2 International, national, or regional regulations, standards, or requirements can apply to specific topics covered in this document, e.g., for organizations handling human materials procured and used for diagnostic and treatment purposes.

This document defines terms related with the production and use of reference materials including certified reference materials.

This document classifies denture adhesives used by wearers of removable dentures. It also specifies requirements, test methods and instructions to be supplied for the use of such products. This document is applicable to denture adhesives for use by the consumer and excludes the dental lining materials prescribed or applied by dental professionals.

This document specifies the heating condition, method of test and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a penetration sealing system to maintain the integrity and insulation of a fire-separating element at the position at which it has been penetrated. This document assesses: the effect of such penetrations on the integrity and insulation performance of the element concerned, the integrity and insulation performance of the penetration sealing system, and the insulation performance of the penetrating service or services, and where appropriate, the integrity failure of a service. NOTE 1 Optional water and air leakage tests are included in Annex A. NOTE 2 Explanatory notes are included in Annex B.

This document defines test methods for surgical standard instruments. This document does not cover instruments for use on the central nervous system and on the central cardiovascular system.

This document specifies methods for the determination of basic measurements of surgical standard instruments. This document does not apply to instruments for use on the central nervous system and on the central cardiovascular system. NOTE Instruments for use on the central nervous system and on the central cardiovascular system are measured differently due to complex geometries which are adapted to the human anatomy.

This document gives guidance on the development of a facility management (FM) organization working on the strategic, tactical and operational management levels to: satisfy the needs and objectives of the demand organization and users of its facility; meet the needs of stakeholders and applicable FM requirements consistently; provide a safe, healthy, secure and efficient environment that enhances the workplace experience for users; protect the asset value and resource value of the facility; provide appropriately specified, responsive and cost-effective facility services; implement measures to minimize the impact of climate change on the facility; contribute to goals and targets consistent with sustainable development; improve the usefulness and benefits provided by the FM system.

This document describes a method that demonstrates the use of polyethylene reference film (PERF) for monitoring laboratory and outdoor conditions as a weathering reference material in weathering tests used for plastics.

This document describes methods for simulating the mechanical loads that can be imparted to passive fire protection (PFP) materials and systems by explosions resulting from releases of flammable gas, pressurized liquefied gas, flashing liquid fuels, or dust that can precede a fire. These methods can be used to determine the resistance of passive fire protection materials to such events. This document considers PFP materials applied to substrates that are subject to the combined effects of pressure and drag that occur in the flow path of an explosion. This document excludes specimens in which the substrate is subject to plastic deformation or brittle failure.

This document provides good practice that can be adopted by any service provider, not limited to e-hailing and p-hailing operators, for the implementation of work-related road traffic safety (RTS) management. This document is applicable to any service provider to offer further protection to the drivers for digital platform providers as well as other road users through the adoption of a proactive approach to manage work-related road risks.

This document specifies requirements for reference measurement procedures (RMP) for measurands used in laboratory medicine. This document applies to: RMPs providing values of differential or rational quantities where each quantity value is a numerical value multiplied by a measurement unit. Annex A provides information on ordinal quantities and nominal properties; any person, body or institution developing RMPs for measurands used in laboratory medicine.

This document describes a method to expose test organisms (amphipods), directly on the field by a caging methodology, with the aim to measure bioaccumulation of chemical substances on a monitoring station, i.e. either the concentrations of metals or organic compounds, or both, accumulated in the organisms. This document also describes the specifications for test organism selection and conditioning, in situ exposure, and finally sorting and conditioning of the surviving organisms after exposure. This document does not apply to organism preparation methods (freeze-drying, extraction, mineralization) and quantification of the chemical substances.

This document specifies requirements for certified reference materials (CRMs) of higher metrological order and the content of the supporting documentation and the calibration hierarchies as described in ISO 17511:2020, 5.2.1, 5.3.1, 5.4.1, 5.5.1, 5.6.1, 5.7.1. It is applicable to CRMs intended for use as either primary reference materials (PRMs), secondary calibrators or international conventional calibrators within calibration hierarchies appropriate for measurands used in laboratory medicine, or for applications as trueness controls. It also specifies requirements for determining the certified value of a CRM, including evaluation, and reporting of the assigned uncertainty. This document is applicable primarily to CRMs with assigned property values where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a quantitative scalar number or ratio to a reference or refers to a counting scale as also described in ISO 17511:2020, Clause 1. When a CRM includes multiple measurands, this document is applied to each of the certified quantity values present in the CRM. Although intended to be applicable to producers of CRMs, this document is also useful for reference materials (RMs) that are not in conformity with the full metrological requirements of CRMs. For example, this document does not apply to an RM created by an in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD MD) manufacturer for use as working calibrator or end-user calibrator within a calibration hierarchy traceable to a CRM, although some content can be useful in assessing its performance.

This document specifies a test method using radioactive methyl iodide (CH3131I) as a tracer to determine the in-situ decontamination factor of an iodine trap. An in-situ test allows to reach the global efficiency of the trap characterized by the sorbent efficiency but also by the implementation of the trap within the ventilation duct) while the intrinsic efficiency of a charcoal is characterized in a laboratory by ISO 18417[9] (or other national standards such as ASTM D3803[10]). This document provides general and common requirements for this method to assess the efficiency of an iodine trap, but also, the tools requirements, accuracy and the provisions needed to ensure safety of the workers, public and the environment during the test. This reproducible method can support nuclear facility operators as a reference method to compare the decontamination factor evaluated by this method to reference values (e.g. safety criteria, national legislation, etc.). Because of the use of a radioactive tracer, some precautions should be applied. Firstly, this method is usually used for ventilation systems with monitoring of gaseous iodine releases in environment in accordance with the national regulations. Secondly, this method is not used to determine the decontamination factor of iodine traps used in ventilation systems with air release in rooms with potential presence of workers (e.g. control room). For those rooms, a non-radioactive method is preferred. This document can apply to installations with low inventory of radioiodine equipped with iodine traps (e.g. small laboratories). In this case, some provisions can be adapted but always in accordance with the national regulations. Finally, this document mainly deals with iodine traps using impregnated activated carbon. However, this method can be used with some adaptations to other solid sorbent as inorganic sorbent (e.g. zeolite – aluminium and silica base usually doped with silver nitrate – or impregnated catalytic supports[11][12]).

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the design, development and implementation of predictive computational models for research purposes in the field of personalized medicine and health product development. This document addresses the set-up, formatting, validation, simulation, storing and sharing of computational models used for personalized medicine. Requirements and recommendations for data used to construct or required for validating such models are also specified. This includes rules for formatting, descriptions, annotations, interoperability, integration, access and provenance of such data. This document does not apply to computational models used for standard routine clinical, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to ironing and to processing on hot cylinders. This document is applicable for hot pressing when the textile is dry, damp or wet which is determined by the end-use of the textile.

This document provides requirements and guidelines for the characterization of native species of plants, algae and fungi and the products derived from them, which have been collected, harvested or processed. This document aims to enable the establishment of minimum quality and safety requirements considering sustainable management of biodiversity. This document also covers the protection of biodiversity along all steps of the value chain of the products derived from native species through the application of a biodiversity management plan. This document does not apply to native animal species, timber and wood products.

This document provides guidance on risks specific to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) and how to apply the risk management process of ISO 14971 to ML-enabled medical devices (MLMD). This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14971 and ISO/TR 24971[2]. This document does not apply to MLMD employing large language models (LLM) or generative AI.

This document specifies requirements and guidance for production assurance and reliability management as applicable to the assets and operations associated with exploration drilling, exploitation, processing and transport of petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas resources. It covers the assets and associated activities for upstream, midstream, downstream and petrochemical business categories. It focuses on the production assurance of oil and gas with respect to production and associated activities and covers the analysis of reliability and maintenance of the equipment. This includes a variety of associated systems and equipment in the oil and gas value chain. Production assurance addresses not only hydrocarbon production, but also associated activities such as drilling, pipeline installation and subsea intervention. The document also supports production assurance and reliability management for lower carbon energy assets and associated operations, e.g. carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen, ammonia, and wind energy. It describes the processes, activities, requirements and guidelines for systematic management, effective planning, execution and use of production assurance and reliability technology. This document defines 12 processes, of which seven are denoted as core production assurance processes and addressed in this document. The remaining five processes are denoted as interacting processes and while they are outside the scope of this document, information is provided as to how they relate to production assurance and reliability management. The relationship of the core production assurance processes with these interacting processes, however, is within the scope of this document as the flow of information to and from these latter processes is required to ensure that production assurance requirements are fulfilled. The document specifies how to establish and execute a production assurance programme (PAP) and a reliability management programme (RMP). This document lists processes and activities that can be initiated to add value for the stakeholder (e.g. operator), where the selected process can depend on their business strategy and application area. This document is intended for the following users and associated activities by their personnel: Operators: Production assurance and reliability management activities. Related activities include project management and control, technology development, technology qualification, concept and system design, risk management (including HSE), integrity management, and maintenance management. Contractors: Activities by the main contractor for engineering, procurement, construction, drilling, installation, operation, maintenance services, etc. Vendors: Activities by manufacturer or supplier related to equipment design and quality management, technology development and qualification. Authorities: Activities by regulatory bodies to ensure HSE, resource utilization and economic efficiency in operations. Consultants: Consultancy services aimed at supporting production assurance and reliability management. Universities: Activities associated with educating industry professionals, as well as conducting fundamental or applied research projects, when related to production assurance, reliability management, and technology development. This includes improvement of the methods and frameworks described herein. Research institutions: Research activities related to production assurance, reliability management, and technology development. This includes equipment qualification testing and advanced engineering assessments using the methods and frameworks described herein.

This document specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determination of hardness and other materials parameters for the following three ranges: macro range: 2 N ≤ F ≤ 30 kN; micro range: 2 N > F; h > 0,2 µm; nano range: h ≤ 0,2 µm. For the nano range, the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the calculated material parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore, careful calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determined with different machines. The macro and micro ranges are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth. Attention is drawn to the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 µm. The determination of hardness and other material parameters is given in the normative Annex A. At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity, permanent indenter deformation can occur and can be detected using suitable reference materials. Indentations that result in damage or permanent deformation of the indenter are excluded from the scope of this test method. This test method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case, it is recommended that the specifications in the relevant standards be taken into account (see also 7.3 and ISO 14577-4). The analysis methods of this standard assume that materials behave like ideal materials. Any deviation (internal stress, pile-up, sink-in, densification, phase transitions, cracks) will result in additional uncertainties. This becomes especially important if comparisons shall be done to material parameters, obtained with other methods.

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the design of field studies with soil invertebrates (e.g. for the monitoring of the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). It applies to all terrestrial biotopes inhabited by soil invertebrates, although this information can vary according to the national requirements or the climatic and regional conditions of the site to be sampled. NOTE While this document aims to be applicable globally, the existing information refers mostly to temperate regions. However, the (few) studies from other (tropical and boreal) regions, as well as theoretical considerations, allow the conclusion that the principles laid down in this document are generally valid.[1]],[[11]],[[12]],[[13]

This document describes a method for the determination of the acute toxicity to one of three specified species of marine copepod (Copepoda, Crustacea). This document is applicable to: industrial or sewage effluents, treated or untreated, after decantation, filtration or centrifugation if necessary; marine or estuarine waters; )aqueous extracts (pore water, elutriates, eluates and leachates) from sediments; chemical substances which are soluble, or which can be maintained as a stable suspension or dispersion, under the conditions of the test.