ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies the definitions and requirements for buried circular manholes and inspection chambers installed to a maximum depth of 6 m from ground level to the invert of the main channel and manufactured from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene with mineral modifiers (PP-MD) or polyethylene (PE). These products are intended for use in traffic areas and outside the building structure (application area code “U”) for wastewater (foul wastewater, domestic wastewater, surface water). NOTE 1 Products conforming with this document are also suitable in non-traffic areas. This document is only applicable to those chamber/manhole items where the manufacturer has clearly stated in the documentation how the components must be assembled to create a complete manhole or inspection chamber. The products covered by this document comprise the following: products providing access to the drain or sewer systems by means of inspection and cleaning equipment. products designated as manholes providing additionally human access to the drain or sewer systems. NOTE 2 Manholes and inspection chambers can be subject to national regulations and/or local provisions. NOTE 3 Products conforming with this document can be installed in underground applications without additional static calculations.

This document specifies syntax, semantics, and decoding for video based dynamic mesh coding (V-DMC), basemesh coding, MPEG edgebreaker static mesh coding, and arithmetic coded displacement. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that can be used for reconstruction of visual volumetric media and also include additional processes such as post-decoding, pre-reconstruction, post-reconstruction, and adaptation.

This document specifies system level functionalities for the communication of interactive audio-visual scenes, i.e. the coded representation of information related to the management of data streams (synchronization, identification, description and association of stream content).

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation, by means of renovation and trenchless replacement, of underground gas supply networks. It is applicable to polyethylene (PE) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline. This document is applicable to the following technique families for renovation, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: lining with continuous pipes; lining with close-fit pipes. This document is applicable to the following technique families for trenchless replacement, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: pipe bursting and pipe extraction; horizontal directional drilling and impact moling. This document is applicable to: PE solid wall single layered pipes (nominal outside diameter, dn), including any identification stripes; PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn), as specified in Annex D, where all layers have the same minimum required strength (MRS) rating. Furthermore, when used with lining with continuous pipes and trenchless replacement, this document is applicable to: PE coated pipes (outside diameter, dn) having a peelable, contiguous, thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe (“coated pipe”), as specified in Annex D. NOTE When used with lining with close-fit lining pipes, the lining pipe is reduced in the factory or on site to provide a close-fitting independent or interactive pressure pipe liner. This document is applicable to jointing by means of butt fusion and electrofusion and to fabricated and injection-moulded fittings and mechanical connections of PE. This document is not applicable to push-fit jointed discrete pipes assembled as part of the trenchless installation process.

This document specifies the Open Font Format (OFF) specification, including the TrueType and Compact Font Format (CFF) outline formats. Many references to both TrueType and PostScript exist throughout this document, as Open Font Format fonts combine the two technologies. The document defines data structures for various font tables and provides the necessary details for developers to build a font rendering and text layout/shaping engines in compliance with this document.

This document specifies a test method for the sampling and analysis of airborne organic isocyanate (NCO) compounds in workplace air. The method covers organic compounds containing free isocyanate functional groups, including monomeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric and polymeric isocyanates, and addresses the measurement of total isocyanate groups in air samples collected for the assessment of occupational exposure. The method is suitable for personal air sampling in the breathing zone for the determination of time-weighted average concentrations over sampling periods ranging from approximately 10 min to 8 h, although it can be applied to shorter sampling periods with high isocyanate air levels. It can also be used for background or fixed-location air sampling; however, due to aerodynamic effects, samplers designed for personal sampling do not necessarily exhibit the same collection characteristics when used for other purposes. It covers the measurement of airborne organic isocyanates over a concentration range of approximately 0,1 µg/m3 to 140 µg/m3 for a nominal air sample volume of 15 l; under the conditions specified in this document, typical qualitative and quantitative detection limits correspond to approximately 0,07 µg/m3 and 0,3 µg/m3, respectively, for a 15 l air sample. This document does not apply to the simultaneous determination of isocyanates and amines, nor to modified methods employing alternative sampling devices or detection techniques not described in this document.

This document specifies a calculation method to determine the thermal transmittance (U value) of glass with flat and parallel surfaces. This document applies to uncoated glass (including glass with structured surfaces, e.g. patterned glass), coated glass and materials not transparent in the far infrared which is the case for soda lime glass products, borosilicate glass, glass ceramic, alkaline earth silicate glass and alumino silicate glass. It applies also to multiple glazing comprising such glasses or materials, or both. It does not apply to multiple glazing which include in the gas space sheets or foils that are far infrared transparent. Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) is excluded from the scope of this document. To determine the U value of VIG, reference can be made to ISO 10291 or ISO 19916-1. The procedure specified in this document determines the U value in the central area of glazing. The edge effects due to the thermal bridge through the spacer of an insulating glass unit or through the window frame are not included. Furthermore, energy transfer due to solar radiation is not taken into account. The effects of Georgian and other bars are excluded from the scope of this document. NOTE ISO 10077-1 provides a methodology for calculating the overall U value of windows, doors and shutters, taking account of the U value calculated for the glass components according to this document. Also excluded from the calculation methodology are any effects due to gases that absorb infrared radiation in the 5 µm to 50 µm range.

This document provides a framework for data use in smart cities, based on five dimensions: data availability (data are available); data quality assurance (data are useful); ease of data use (data are easy to use); data use security (data are used securely); data-enabled innovation (data are used for enabling intelligent applications and services). This framework is intended to facilitate effective, sustainable, comprehensive and innovative use of data as citywide strategic resources and assets.

This document specifies two evaluation methods for ozone content (total ozone, including ozone contained in ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) or microbubbles (MBs) and dissolved ozone) in UFB dispersions in water, namely, iodometric titration and UV photometry. Iodometric titration is applicable as a well-established, high accuracy chemical procedure, particularly suitable for single-point determinations. The direct measurement range of this technique is typically 0,01 mg/l to 50 mg/l. Ultraviolet (UV) photometry is applicable for rapid or continuous measurement and real-time monitoring. Its typical measurement range is from 0,075 mg/l to 200 mg/l, depending on instrument specification. This document is applicable to industrial processes that require precise ozone dosing and control when MB or UFB systems are used. NOTE This document does not involve the specific effects of ozone UFB dispersion applications. High concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), commonly found in water containing oxygen UFBs, can interfere with iodometric titration and lead to overestimation of ozone content. When extremely high ozone levels are expected, water containing oxygen UFBs can be used as the blank control.

This document specifies methodologies for: the design, analysis and evaluation of stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures; the assessment of stationkeeping systems for site-specific applications of mobile offshore units and construction units. Originally developed for floating structures used in the oil and gas industry, this document is now also used in the renewable energy sector. The extent of application of this document to floating structures used in other industries is at the discretion of the relevant standard entity and its users. For example, IEC 61400-3-2 for floating wind applies this document to determine stationkeeping system responses while incorporating its own load conditions, safety factors, and environmental return periods. This document is applicable to the following types of stationkeeping systems, which are either covered directly in this document or through reference to other guidelines: spread mooring systems; single point mooring systems; dynamic positioning systems; thruster-assisted mooring systems. This document is not applicable to: stationkeeping systems which do not have redundancy against failure of any single component, e.g., single anchor leg moorings (SALMs); stationkeeping systems which use any means other than mooring lines or thrusters such as tower soft yoke systems, or tension leg platforms (TLPs) that use tendons. The requirements for this document address spread mooring systems and single point mooring systems with mooring lines composed of steel chain, steel wire or synthetic fibre rope. This document is applicable to all aspects of the life cycle of mooring systems. It includes requirements relating to the selection of mooring components, mooring system configuration and performance, components design, installation, post-installation survey, and as-installed assessments as needed for mooring integrity management. For mooring systems deployed in ice-prone environments, additional requirements in ISO 19906 apply.

This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.

This document specifies digital twin compositions in manufacturing by defining principles, describing methodologies and providing use-case examples of digital twin communication, aggregation and interoperation. This document identifies three kinds of digital twin composition (integrated, unified, and federated) and specifies requirements and step-by-step implementation guidelines for each kind. It provides structured approaches for composing multiple digital twins to support interoperability among digital twins developed by different parties, such as vendors, solution providers, and in-house developers. The document also includes illustrative use cases to demonstrate the practical application of the specified composition approaches.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design, materials, equipment, installation, commissioning, operation, inspection, and maintenance of cathodic protection systems for the external surface of on-land pipelines. This document is applicable to on-land pipelines and piping systems used in other industries and transporting other media such as industrial gases, waters, or slurries. Throughout this document, on-land pipelines mean: pipelines that are buried; landfalls of offshore pipeline sections protected by onshore based cathodic protection installations; immersed sections of on-land pipelines such as river or lake crossings. This document is applicable to pipelines of carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, galvanized steel, and copper. This document does not apply to pipelines made of reinforced concrete (see ISO 12696).

This document defines, if needed, how to represent the situation features of an integral surface, or of a collection of integral surfaces, and how to identify them uniquely by an alphanumerical label in a technical product documentation (TPD). It also defines how to indicate the type of each situation feature or the type of each minimum set of situation features, and how to represent the positive direction of a situation feature. Annex A defines the cases where the representation of situation features is not required. Annex B defines how to represent the intrinsic mobilities inside a minimum set of situation features. Annex C defines the proportions and dimensions of the graphical symbols to be used.

This document provides a framework to assess, reduce and control the potential risks that spacecraft and launch vehicle orbital stages (referred to hereinafter as “space vehicles”) pose to people and the environment when those space vehicles re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and impact the Earth’s surface. It applies to the planning, design and review of space vehicle missions for which controlled or uncontrolled re-entry is inevitable. This document applies to the following objects when assessing their risk to the ground: objects re-entering from orbit; launch vehicles (including payloads, other objects separated during the ascent phase, etc.) that are mentioned in flight safety activities under ISO 14620-2:2019[1], 6.2; interplanetary spacecraft returning to Earth. This document does not apply to systems with wings and control functions intended for targeted landing. This document assumes that the main specifications and operational procedures for ensuring safety on the ground against the re-entry of spacecraft containing radioactive material have already been determined in the mission requirements definition stage, system definition stage, operational concept definition stage, etc. Therefore, apart from matters related to re-entry safety, the main parts of the mission design and operational concept of spacecraft containing radioactive material are outside the scope of this standard.

This document contains requirements for seismic design and assessment of offshore structures. This document includes recommendations for the effects of seismic events on floating structures. This document addresses specifically the design and assessment of offshore structures subjected to earthquake-induced ground motions. It also covers briefly other geologically induced hazards such as liquefaction, slope instability, fault surface displacement, tsunamis, mud volcanoes and shock waves. This document provides requirements for site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for offshore structures in high seismic areas and for offshore structures with high consequence levels.

This document indicates the data elements and structure suited to accurately and consistently identify persons (including subjects of care), healthcare providers and healthcare organizations. The data elements names and definitions are provided in Clause 3; the full data element definitional structure is given in Clauses 5, 6 and 7. This document identifies conformance requirements in the following use cases: Populate and manage an index or registry. This can include the storage of a person, healthcare provider or organization within an index or registry. Record or share information for administrative purposes. Record or share information for clinical purposes. Application of this document will increase the capacity for data access. Authorization of such access is determined by the application of legislation, organizational policies and guidelines, and professional ethics. It is recognized that specific applications might require additional data to fulfil their purpose, such as value sets or adjustments to conformance requirements. This document provides a generic set of identifying information, which is application-independent. Implementations in different healthcare environments and national settings can require the establishment of data sub-sets, additional guidelines and rules in the use of the data elements. The following are outside the scope of this document: Additional factors to be considered in providing access to distributed person data, including privacy, security, authentication, access and data transfer mechanisms. Collection and processing of data for purposes other than the identification of persons and their associated records, even though some of the data elements collected for identification can be used for other purposes such as the determination and delivery of care, the compilation of statistics, contact tracing and reimbursement. This includes clinical content, care processes and financial identifiers not used for person or provider identification. Handling of person electronic consent in forms and other use cases, although this can be considered for addition by implementers and dependent on electronic signature policy for medical records. Naming conventions, and rules for specifying data element names and data element definitions.

This document presents the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including neural networks (NN), in multimedia coding and processing activities. It describes the current perspectives on AI for multimedia and identifies working assumptions and technical challenges expected from working with AI and NN-based technologies. This document highlights a variety of multimedia coding activities, key scenarios and gaps that are to be addressed by further standardization efforts.

This document specifies test methods for measurement of the performance of purely electrically propelled vehicles classified as passenger cars and light duty vehicles which are defined in the relevant regional applicable driving test (ADT) standards. NOTE Performance comprises road operating characteristics such as speed, acceleration and hill climbing ability.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Isatis indigotica root derived from the plant Isatis indigotica Fort. It is applicable to Isatis indigotica roots that are sold as Chinese material medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document provides guidelines on how to implement an eight-stage process to enhance resilience to disruptions arising from emergencies, disasters or crises. It describes how a local resilience partnership can work with members of the public, civil society and business sectors to address needs in society that have been created by a disruption. The process describes how the local resilience partnership can create a local resilience capability that encourages self-help and helping others, while focusing on the needs of priority groups. This document describes: how the local resilience partnership can co-design and create a capability to enhance resilience to disruption; partnerships and establishing a shared vision to enhance societal resilience; risks, vulnerabilities, needs, and community assets; implementation and management of capability; evaluation and continual improvement. This document takes a whole-of-society approach to enhancing resilience by adopting principles and developing systems to support societal networks, organizations (from private, public, and voluntary sectors), community groups, and individuals. This document is applicable to any organization or group involved in enhancing the resilience of society to disruption.

This document specifies the design requirements (and tests) for the crimping of insulated and non-insulated joints to general purpose electrical cables for aircraft, with conductors of copper, copper alloy, aluminium or aluminium alloy, in locations in which the stabilized conductor temperature does not exceed the values specified for the relevant type of cable, i.e. 105 °C, 190 °C or 260 °C. This document specifies the type of cable to use for the joints (see 4.1). The document also contains recommendations relating to the inspection of such connections and the tools used to perform the crimping operation. Because satisfactory crimping is dependent upon the maintenance and setting of tools, it also contains recommendations for tests to confirm their serviceability. NOTE Testing of crimped joints to assess their suitability for aircraft shows that certain environmental conditions, for example vibration, have no significant effect on the performance of the joints. Therefore, such tests are not provided in this document.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products: having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg: motor gasolines containing up to a mass fraction of 3,7 % (3,7 % (m/m)) of oxygen [including those blended with a volume fraction of ethanol up to about 10 % (10 % (V/V))]; diesel fuels, including those containing up to a volume fraction of about 50 % of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME); having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg: synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL); having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg: neat FAME (B100) and diesel fuels containing volume fraction of more than 50 % of FAME. Other products (for example process feeds and effluents) can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.

This document establishes a vocabulary of the most commonly used terms in the field of cranes. This document defines terms concerning the main crane types and classifications, parameters, general concepts and component parts. NOTE Diagrams illustrating some of the definitions are given only for general guidance.

This document specifies general requirements and test methods for portable dental equipment for use in non-permanent healthcare environments. This document applies to portable dental units, portable patient chairs, portable operator’s stools, portable operating lights, portable suction source equipment, portable air compressors and other portable dental equipment in instances where these devices are designed and constructed to be transported for use in non-permanent healthcare environments. NOTE Particular requirements for specific types of portable dental equipment for use in non-permanent healthcare environments are specified in subsequent parts of this document. This document does not apply to stationary dental equipment, wearable equipment (e.g. headlamps and loupes), mobile dental equipment or portable dental equipment that is not intended to be used in non-permanent healthcare environments or not designed to be disassembled, folded or packed for human transport between non-permanent healthcare environments. Requirements for stationary dental equipment that can be installed in a dental mobile medical facility (e.g. vehicular or containerized mobile dental clinic) are not considered in this document.

This document defines the concepts, characteristics and models associated with shared manufacturing. It identifies models associated with shared manufacturing practices and provides principles of intellectual property (IP) management in shared manufacturing. This document is applicable to stakeholders engaged in shared manufacturing.

This document specifies methods by which the measurement of irradiance (fluence) distribution is made and specifies parameters for the characterization of the spatial properties of laser irradiance (fluence) distribution functions at a given plane. The methods given in this document are intended to be used for the testing and characterization of both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed laser beams used in optics and optical instruments. This document provides definitions of terms and symbols to be used in referring to irradiance distribution, as well as requirements for its measurement. For pulsed lasers, the distribution of time-integrated irradiance (i.e. radiant exposure) is the quantity most often measured.

This document provides illustrative use cases, with associated analysis, to assist in understanding the requirements of ISO 31700-1. The intended audience includes engineers and practitioners who are involved in the development, implementation or operation of digitally-enabled consumer goods and services.

This document specifies fuse-links with tabs (blade-type) Type C (medium), Type E (high current) and Type F (miniature) for use in road vehicles. It establishes the rated current, test procedures, performance requirements and dimensions for these fuse-link types. This document is applicable for fuse-links with a rated voltage of 32 V or 58 V, a current rating of ≤100 A and a breaking capacity of 1 000 A intended for use in road vehicles. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 8820-1 and ISO 8820-2[1]. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of ISO 8820-1, whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document.

This document defines basic terms, symbols and units of measurement for the field of laser technology in order to unify the terminology, and to arrive at clear definitions and reproducible tests of beam parameters and laser-oriented product properties. NOTE The laser hierarchical vocabulary laid down in this document differs from that given in IEC 60825–1. ISO and IEC have discussed this difference and agree that it reflects the different purposes for which the two standards serve. For more details, see informative Annex A.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric determination of the pHT of seawater on the total hydrogen ion concentration pH scale. The total hydrogen ion concentration, [H+]T, is expressed as moles per kilogram of seawater. The method is suitable for assaying oceanic levels of pHT from 7,4 to 8,2 for normal seawater of practical salinity ranging from 20 to 40.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the apparent volatile-matter content in pre-impregnated yarns, tapes, mats (SMC) and fabrics. The method is applicable to all unidirectional and multidirectional fibre-reinforced prepregs and all thermosetting-resin matrices, unless otherwise specified in product specifications. The method does not apply to unimpregnated reinforcement fibres. NOTE For products with a polyester-resin matrix (UP), the result will be lower than the real value.

This document provides guidance and requirements on the evaluation of daily exposures to hand-arm vibration in the workplace where measurement or monitoring systems are fitted to the hand, wrist, or arm. This document provides guidance and to equipment manufacturers on how to provide suitable information to users on the scope and limitations of their equipment. It also provides guidance to users on the practical use and validation of these systems for monitoring or measurement in the workplace. This document provides information on measurement methods that complement the methods required for ISO 5349-1. NOTE The methods described in this document are not meant to replace measurements carried out in accordance with ISO 5349-1 when, for example, fulfilling duties under national regulations for either workplace vibration exposures or machinery vibration emissions.

This document specifies procedures for sampling, capture and preservation of environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic environments, originating from organisms that are present or have recently been present in a water body, or whose DNA has been introduced to the water body through some mechanism. This document also specifies procedures for avoiding sample contamination and ensuring the integrity of environmental DNA during water filtration and sample preservation. It also specifies the required equipment and metadata reporting. This document excludes: methods for the collection of eDNA from biofilms, sediments or similar sample types; passive sampling methods; sampling designs.

This document gives an overview of the concepts and principles used in the documents related to information security management systems (ISMS), including ISO/IEC 27001. This document is considered to be a horizontal document as it provides an explanation of the concepts and principles that underpin information security and ISMS.

This document specifies calculation methods for nuts designed to be mated with bolts, screws and studs in accordance with ISO 898-1, for use in bolted joints under tensile loading and for tightening with tension and torsion taking into account the three possible failure modes: bolt breaking, bolt thread stripping and nut thread stripping (see Clause 5). The terms “bolt” and “nut” are used as the general terms in this document for externally threaded fasteners (i.e. bolts, screws and studs) and internally threaded fasteners (i.e. tapped holes), respectively. This document is primarily applicable to steel hexagon nuts: with ISO metric thread (coarse pitch and fine pitch, see ISO 68-1); with diameter/pitch combinations according to ISO 261 and ISO 262; with thread tolerances according to ISO 965-1 and ISO 965-2; with nominal thread diameters 5 mm ≤ D ≤ 39 mm, and additionally with D 39 mm (see Annex C); with a hexagon shape and width across flats s ≥ 1,4D. The calculation methods are also applicable to non-standard nuts or internally threaded parts with ISO metric threads. However, dimensional factors affecting the rigidity of nuts such as the width across flats, outer diameter of cylindrical nuts or other features (e.g. shape of flange) as well as thread tolerances can affect the loadability of the individual bolt/nut assemblies, see Annex A for influencing factors.

This document explores and analyses the differences in the three-point bending test between circular-section tubes and cambered triangular thin-walled tubes, both fabricated from fibre-reinforced plastic, in view of the asymmetric characteristic of the cross-section of cambered triangular thin-walled tubes.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions and tolerances for Types A to D of roller blocks. Types E and F of roller blocks are given in Annex A. They require fixing parts and are not yet produced on a broad manufacturer base.

This document specifies a method of testing the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon fibres, such as nonwoven fabric or fibrous felt with a thickness of less than 20 mm for adsorption and removal of iodine isotopes (I131), included in air or gas flow (exhaust).

This document specifies the constant climate and alternating climate testing of coatings on plastics, plastics composites and similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics. This document shows the potential effect of plastics on the behaviour of the coating during climate testing.

This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms used in mining. This includes defining terms relating to rock drill rigs and rock reinforcement rigs, including their intended use, working methods, types, and components. Vocabulary for safety of rock drill rigs and rock reinforcement rigs is used in ISO 18758.

This document specifies the testing of the stone-chip resistance testing of coatings on plastics, plastics composites and similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics. This document shows the potential effect of plastics on the behaviour of the coating during stone-chip resistance testing.

This document provides guidance on the city information modelling (CIM) platform for the information modelling process of smart city construction, operation and maintenance. This document applies to both building and infrastructure assets. It also applies to the management of the CIM platform and its related applications and scenarios, including community infrastructures, such as transportation, communication, energy, roads and logistics, and the activities of stakeholders (both organizations and citizens) for governments, enterprises, schools, health care and families, etc. NOTE Annex A outlines case studies on data exchange and sharing using the CIM platform in smart communities.

This document specifies a method to test the promotion of the germination of barley seeds, using ultrafine bubble (UFB) water produced from an ultrafine bubble water generating system. The performance of the method is assessed by measuring the ratio of barley seed germination.

This document specifies the performance requirements, methods of testing and test results of electronic inclinometers required by the performance standard, IMO resolution MSC.363 (92), in addition to the general requirements contained in IMO Resolution A.694 (17). This document does not apply to the electronic inclinometers installed for purposes which are outside the scope of this document, e.g. monitoring of cargo status.