ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies the performance requirements and test methods for filtration property and safety of materials for nonwoven general use face coverings for single use. This document specifies the following filtration properties: sub-micron filtration efficiency (PFE), water aerosol filtration efficiency with bacteria (BFE), water aerosol filtration efficiency with viruses (VFE), pollen particle filtration efficiency, and differential pressure. This document specifies the following safety items: free formaldehyde, specific azo dye, heavy metals, and pH. This document applies to nonwoven general use face coverings. It does not apply to medical face masks (see EN 14683 [5]), medical devices, or personal protective equipment (PPE) in the scope of ISO/TC94/SC15, Respiratory protective devices (RPD).

This document provides a basic step-by-step approach for achieving non-residential (net) zero-energy buildings (ZEBs). It also describes the basic concept of ZEBs and the items for consideration in this approach. The following are within the scope of this document: — application to non-residential buildings; — annual energy consumption of a ZEB (this includes the operating consumption of the building and excludes the energy consumed by the manufacturing of materials and equipment, and the energy consumed during construction); — renewable energy supply (this can be on-site or off-site, depending on the policy and conditions of the country in which the supply is installed); — application to any climate zone. The following are out of the scope of this document: — recommendations or suggestions for the adoption of any specific technologies or equipment, or both, and materials that are expected to be continuously innovated (however it does stipulate the technologies for selection); — specific methods or calculation formulae for design; — commissioning methods.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of ash from raw rubbers, compounded rubbers and vulcanizates. The methods are applicable to raw, compounded or vulcanized rubbers of the M, N, O, R and U families described in ISO 1629 [1], except that: Method A is not used for the determination of ash from compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine; Method B is used for compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine. It is not applicable to uncompounded rubbers; Method C is intended to be used for the determination of ash from raw, compounded or vulcanized rubber not containing chlorine, bromine or iodine by wrapping the test portion in ashless filter paper; lithium and fluorine compounds can react with silica crucibles to form volatile compounds, giving low ash results. This document does not cover the interpretation of the ash results as to the inorganic chemical content of a compound or vulcanizate, which is the responsibility of the analyst, who must be aware of the behaviour of rubber additives at elevated temperatures.

This document provides principles for governing bodies of organizations (which can comprise owners, directors, partners, executive managers, or similar) on the effective, efficient and acceptable use of data within their organizations by: applying the governance principles and model of ISO/IEC 38500 to the governance of data; assuring stakeholders that, if the principles and practices proposed by this document are followed, they can have confidence in the organization’s governance of data; informing and guiding governing bodies in the use and protection of data in their organizations. This document can also provide guidance to a wider community, including: executive managers; external businesses or technical specialists, such as legal or accounting specialists, retail or industrial associations, or professional bodies; internal and external service providers (including consultants); auditors. This document applies to the governance of the current and future use of data that is created, collected, stored, secured, protected, or controlled by IT systems, and impacts the management processes and decisions relating to data. This document defines the governance of data as a subset or domain of the governance of IT, which itself is a subset or domain of organizational, or in the case of a corporation, corporate governance. This document is applicable to all organizations, including public and private companies, government entities, and not-for-profit organizations. This document is applicable to organizations of all sizes, regardless of the extent of their dependence on data.

This document specifies test methods for measuring the performance change of electrically powered household and similar air cleaners caused by the loading with particles. The main intention of the document is to compare differences in the performance change between air cleaners exposed to the same loading with particles. The performance change is not necessarily representative for real-use applications since concentration, size, morphology and chemical composition of particles present in household or similar environments can strongly differ.

This document specifies procedures and techniques for obtaining comparable values for the absorptance of optical laser components.

This document gives the specifications of the thermoplastic water meter cabinets. It specifies the thickness of material, design drawing, dimensions and accessories incorporated into the construction of it for pipe sizes from 12,7 mm to 31,75 mm.

This document specifies requirements for an application interface between dedicated short-range communication on-board equipment (DSRC-OBE) and external in-vehicle devices to make DSRC-OBE applicable for diversified electronic fee collection (EFC) systems. This document applies to: — definitions of the application interface between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices; — definitions of data groups and data elements.

This document specifies methods of sampling and analysing the total concentration of the elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium from toy materials and from parts of toys. Digestion methods for the elements mentioned in 1.1 are specified for the following types of toy materials: coatings of paint, varnish, lacquer, printing ink, polymer and similar coatings; polymeric and similar materials, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or not, but excluding other textiles; paper, paperboard and cardboard; natural or synthetic textiles; metallic materials, whether coated or not; other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, hardboard, bone, and leather); materials intended to leave a trace (e.g. the graphite materials in pencils and liquid ink in pens); pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels; paints to be used as such in the toy, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers and similar materials in solid or liquid form; packaging materials that form part of the toy or have intended play value (e.g. boxes containing jigsaw puzzles or packaging on which the instructions are included in the case of games. Items such as blister packs containing simple instructions are not included in this category). Digestion methods for glass, ceramic and other siliceous materials or fluorinated polymers or fluorinated polymer coatings are not described. These types of materials are outside the scope of this document. Screening determination (without the need for sample preparation and digestion) of the elements mentioned in 1.1 is specified for plastics using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry (see Annex B).

The purpose of this document is to define data communication services and protocols for computer equipment used for monitoring and control of HVAC&R and other building systems and to define, in addition, an abstract, object-oriented representation of information communicated between such equipment, thereby facilitating the application and use of digital control technology in buildings.

This document specifies a method for evaluating the shear viscosity of ultrafine bubble (UFB) dispersions. The method is based on any of the three measurement devices, namely parallel-plate rotational shear, cone-plate rotational shear and coaxial-cylinder rotational shear. The average effective shear viscosity of the ultrafine bubble dispersion is calculated from the measured stress (or strain rate) and the strain rate (or stress) applied to the sample. There are commercially available instruments based on these measurement methods in the market. This document applies to UFB produced using different methods of production.

This document specifies the physical, technical and metrological conditions to be fulfilled when calibrations of vacuum gauges are performed by direct comparison with a reference gauge at a calibration laboratory, whether accredited or not. From the conditions described, the design of an apparatus that can perform vacuum gauge calibrations in an adequate manner can be deduced. This document is applicable for calibration of all types of vacuum gauges. Vacuum gauges can consist of several parts; typically, these are: gauge head, cable, and control unit. This entire set is considered as the unit to be calibrated. If only the gauge head (i.e. the part of the vacuum gauge directly exposed to the vacuum) is calibrated, all set-ups and conditions are recorded such that the user of the calibrated gauge head is able to perform the measurements in the same manner as during the calibration. This document does not give guidance on how to treat special types of vacuum gauges, be they reference standards or units under calibration. The applicable pressure range for calibrations treated in this document depends on the realized design of the calibration apparatus and on the type of reference gauge, and the range varies in its limits from 10−6 Pa to 133 kPa.

This document provides guidelines for crowd management at events, mass gatherings and crowded places. It is designed to assist event organizers, event rights holders, event hosts, venue operators and emergency services in planning and executing effective, successful and safe crowd management by ensuring: implementation of the framework and principles for crowd management; necessary event and crowd profiling to understand the crowd management risk; available spaces for expected crowds using crowd capacity assessments; sufficient crowd management in the ingress, event circulation, and egress phases; safe and secure venues, spaces, and pathways for crowds in all phases and situations; sufficient crowd management plans both for planned execution and in emergencies; necessary engagement and involvement of public and private interested parties; continual improvement through systematic evaluation of crowd management arrangements. This document does not address crowd control or situations that require intervention to manage crowds that display undesirable or dangerous behaviours.

This document provides requirements and guidance for kiosk manufacturers, service providers and purchasers to ensure that kiosks can be used by a diverse range of users. This document specifies requirements and recommendations for designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating kiosks to ensure accessibility across diverse users and varying physical and environmental conditions. The requirements and recommendations pertain to the presentation of information, operation and interaction with users on kiosks. They are applied to hardware, software and content of the kiosks, as well as their installation environment.

This document specifies the procedures for training personnel who will be involved in the operation of uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS). This document defines: knowledge, skill, attitude and qualification criteria required for UAS remote pilots (RP), remote pilot in command (rPIC) and UAS training organizations (UTO) that provide training to UAS remote pilots and other personnel involved in UAS operations; training curriculum and contents for specific learning courses; qualification and criteria for verification of achieved competence by the training organizations; general procedures for providing training of UAS personnel. NOTE 1 An UTO can include additional topics or learning objectives, such as when required by legally binding rules in the applicable jurisdiction. NOTE 2 A UAS operator can also act as the UTO, providing that possible conflict of interest between training and operations is properly managed.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of the hydroxypropyl group content of modified starches.

This document specifies methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled laboratory conditions, for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on motorcycles. The relationship between values obtained and the fuel economy of the vehicle is undetermined, and such values are not intended to be used to indicate levels of performance or quality. This document applies to motorcycle tyres.

This document describes a classification of metallic blast-cleaning abrasives for the preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. It specifies the characteristics which are required for the complete designation of such abrasives. This document applies to abrasives supplied in the "new" or unused condition only. It does not apply to abrasives either during or after use. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for the preparation of steelwork, the properties specified are generally appropriate when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2 [7].

This document describes the concept and general principles of EDA for categorical and numerical data. It also provides some guidelines for conducting EDA and its place within Six Sigma projects. This document focuses on the graphical tools of EDA. It is applicable to organizations using manufacturing processes as well as service and transactional processes.

This document specifies sampling and test methods for the determination of the general characteristics of organic chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants (including wax) and vulcanizing agents (excluding peroxides).

This document provides test methodologies for assessing the compatibility of wet wipes and moist toilet tissue with the wastewater collection and treatment systems, and it specifies appropriate labelling for products deemed incompatible. The products that this document is applicable for are wet wipes and moist toilet tissue. This document does not cover: toilet paper as defined and covered by other ISO documents; chemical toilets or compost toilets that are not connected to sewer systems; macerator and vacuum sewer systems; water soluble polymers.

This document specifies the determination of height-resolved profiles of atmospheric backscattering by means of active optical sounding. The measurements allow the following properties of the atmosphere up to several kilometres above ground to be derived: cloud bases; upper boundaries of optically thin clouds; upper and lower boundaries and internal structures of particle layers: height of structures, e.g. inversions, boundary layer height, mixing layer height (under suitable conditions); attenuated backscatter of the particles; particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (requires further assumptions). The document also addresses the depolarisation lidar and the use of multi-wavelength systems. This allows further parameters to be determined: particle size classification (Ångström exponent, colour ratio); shape classification (linear depolarisation degree). The following fields of application are particularly important: air quality monitoring (vertical structure of the boundary layer); aviation safety (cloud base and visual range) (see ISO 28902-1[8]); particle content and transport (e.g. volcanic dust); weather forecasting and climate modelling (e.g. atmospheric boundary layer, cloud base, cloud microphysics); satellite remote sensing (validation). Examples that illustrate these applications are discussed in Annex A. The benefits of scanning systems for parameters mentioned above are also discussed in Clause A.7. In addition, particle backscatter lidars that measure at least two carefully selected wavelengths can be used to determine atmospheric gas concentrations. This is known as the differential absorption lidar “DIAL” technique. This technique is not part of this document and has been described in VDI 4210-1[12]. This document does not specify extended lidar techniques that monitor the following parameters quantitatively: inelastic scattering effects such as, Raman scattering, Doppler broadening, Doppler shift, multiple scattering, modulation techniques, and spectral separation of molecular and particle backscattering [high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL)]. Some of these extended techniques are or will be described in other parts of the ISO 28902 series. This document does not address special features of airborne or satellite-borne systems.

This document describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.

This document specifies three methods for quantitative measurement of crystalline silica (CS) major polymorphs (quartz and cristobalite) mass percentage content in bulk samples using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). This document also provides general information about the capabilities and limitations of relevance to laboratories working for routine testing. Only X-ray diffractometers with Bragg-Brentano geometry are considered. XRPD techniques are used to characterize specimens in the form of loose powders, where the median grain size is between 1 μm and 10 μm physical diameter. Block specimens are not considered. Although a number of methods of analysis are considered in this document, other XRPD methods of analysis can be considered if they are demonstrated to give equivalent results.

This document gives guidance on the implementation of a statistical process control (SPC) system and an overview of tools and techniques to assist an organisation in planning, implementing and evaluating an effective statistical process control (SPC) system. This document specifies SPC system guidelines for use when a supplier's capability to reduce variation in processes associated with design or production needs to be proven or improved, or when a supplier is beginning SPC implementation to achieve such capability. This document considers the complete industrial supply chain. It describes some essential statistical methods that can be used to continuously improve capability or performance and stability of production processes. The bottom line is that production processes are controlled economically, promptly and effectively. As a result, a predefined level of quality can be realised. The improvement of stability and performance or capability of the production processes effectively reduces waste and machine downtime or increases productivity. If defective production parts are found in a random sample, they can be sorted out and, if necessary, further measures can be initiated.

This document specifies a method to determine the apparent speech level reduction of furniture ensembles and enclosures (hereinafter referred to as test objects) in field conditions meeting engineering grade of accuracy. The method is applicable to furniture ensembles or enclosures, which can be used by one or more occupants. This method is not intended for single components used in workstations, such as a screen, a storage unit, a table, a luminaire, a cupboard, a bookshelf, a standard chair, a wall absorber, or a ceiling absorber.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Sophora tonkinensis root and rhizome. This document applies to Sophora tonkinensis root and rhizome sold and used as Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the qualification and re-qualification of laser beam machines for metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for aerospace applications. This document can also be applied to non-aerospace applications if this is part of a contract. It can also be used to verify machine features during periodic inspections or following maintenance and repair activities.

This document provides two broad types of requirements for the determination and use of meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) conditions for the design, construction and operation of offshore structures: those related to the determination of environmental conditions in general, together with the metocean parameters that are required to adequately describe them; those related to the characterization and use of metocean parameters for the design, the construction activities or the operation of offshore structures. This document covers the following environmental conditions and metocean parameters: extreme and abnormal values of metocean parameters that recur with given return periods that are considerably longer than the design service life of the structure; long-term distributions of metocean parameters in the form of cumulative, conditional, marginal or joint statistics of metocean parameters; normal environmental conditions that are expected to occur frequently during the design service life of the structure. Metocean parameters specified in this document are applicable to: the determination of actions for the design of new structures; the determination of actions for the assessment of existing structures; the site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units; the determination of limiting environmental conditions, weather windows, actions and action effects for pre-service and post-service situations (i.e. fabrication, transportation and installation or decommissioning and removal of a structure); the operation of the platform, where appropriate. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide detailed instructions that can be followed to produce reliable estimates of extreme or abnormal conditions in all areas and in all cases.

This document specifies the procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of various types of electric motors. The four motor types covered by this document are squirrel-cage induction, wound-rotor induction, salient-pole, and DC. NOTE Motor types a) and b) are defined in ISO 20958. This document is mostly applicable to motors with power above 15 kW. This document is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians and provides a practical step-by-step vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it gives several examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms. The procedures presented in this document can, in some cases, be applied to other types of electrical machines, such as generators, but there can be other specific techniques associated with such machines that are not included in this document. The use of non-vibration quantities, such as voltage and current, to identify and analyse vibration-related faults in electric motors is outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies a method for the enumeration of culturable microorganisms in water by counting colonies on a low-nutrient agar culture medium by spread plate inoculation after incubation at 22 °C for 7 d. This document is applicable to: water from the treatment process of public drinking water supplies (e.g. process water in the waterworks); chlorinated and non-chlorinated tap water in distribution systems and containers; bottled water; well water intended for human consumption. For detailed information on the performance characteristics, see Annex B. This document can be applied to other water matrices if the appropriate validation of performance of this method has been undertaken by the laboratory prior to use.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Zanthoxylum nitidum root. This document applies to Zanthoxylum nitidum root sold and used as Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document specifies the safety and quality requirements for herbal dispensing services. It is applicable to facilities related to large-scale herbal dispensaries, in-house hospital dispensaries and medium to large commercial dispensaries. It does not apply to dispensing services in medical clinics where herbal preparations are dispensed to patients by or under the supervision of the prescribing practitioners. The specifications regarding tools and equipment used in these services are excluded.

This document lists gas cylinders valve outlets in use. This document provides details of thread types and sizes. NOTE Complete descriptions of particular valve outlets are given in national standards.

This document specifies the methods and the requirements for the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) fuelling technique used in experimental magnetic confinement fusion facilities. It outlines the SMBI system components, specific requirements, and inspection procedures to ensure the effective and controlled injection of plasma fuel into fusion devices such as international thermonuclear experimental reactor and demonstration power plant. This document applies to the formation of supersonic molecular beam (SMB) and usage of the SMBI technique on the fusion devices, including the specification of gas pressure adjustment, beam characteristics and injection rate requirements, as well as the procedures for verifying these parameters.

This document specifies the interfaces between a launch vehicle (LV) and the spacecraft (SC) being launched, to provide LV and SC organizations with the necessary format for presenting the required technical data on existing and future interfaces. Its intended purpose is to minimize costs and reduce the risks from errors resulting from miscommunication. It does not limit the ability of LV or SC organizations to specify unique requirements.

This document provides requirements for methanol bunkering transfer systems and equipment used to bunker methanol-fuelled vessels. This document covers the following five elements: transfer systems; operational procedures; risk assessment; safety protection; personnel training.

This document specifies standard methods for avoiding galvanic corrosion in the design stage and for determining whether actual corrosion damage was caused by galvanic corrosion. It also specifies guideline for standard methods for suppressing galvanic corrosion. This document also provides guidance for predicting galvanic corrosion in different environments (e.g. in water and in atmospheric and soil environments) by numerical calculation based on polarization data. This document does not establish the grounds for indexes related to safety or the loss of functions of materials in actual use. However, this document can be used to estimate the function maintenance life and safety maintenance life of these materials in advance. The responsibility for using the guideline rests with the reader.

This document establishes the terms and definitions that are used in the field of natural gas, natural gas substitutes, mixtures of natural gas with gaseous fuels (such as unconventional and renewable gases) and wet gas.

This document establishes principles for the classification of child care articles based on chemical hazards, behavioural habits, physiological characteristics, exposure routes and chemical risk assessment methods related to classification. It specifies general and fundamental chemical requirements applicable to all child care articles. It also describes the relationship between this document and specific product standards. NOTE 1 Chemical hazards that are unique to specific product categories of child care articles are addressed in corresponding product standards. NOTE 2 There are many child care articles, and many materials and chemical substances are used. This document cannot cover all child care articles and all chemical hazardous substances, which is why this document also gives principles for dealing with unknown products and chemical substances.

This document specifies the interface architecture of industrial digital twin systems, which is structured around three key elements: the digital twin, the physical twin and the interface that links them. Together, these elements form the essential framework of an industrial digital twin. The following are within the scope of this document: Defining the elements of industrial digital twin systems that embody a distinct architecture. Analysing the interactions among the three core elements of industrial digital twin systems Identifying the characteristics that distinguish industrial digital twin systems from related concepts or technologies Examining typical use cases that implement the three-element interface architecture The following is outside the scope of this document: Detailed applications of industrial digital twin systems

This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of resistance spot welding electrode adaptors where the fixing element for the cap (see ISO 5821 [2]) is a male taper of 1:10 and for which the electrode taper fits in conformance with ISO 1089 [3] .

This document defines a method for packaging cryptographic keys for transport. This method can also be used for the storage of keys under an advanced encryption standard (AES) key. The method uses the block cipher AES as the wrapping cipher algorithm. Other methods for wrapping keys are outside the scope of this document but can use the authenticated encryption algorithms specified in ISO/IEC 19772.

This document specifies the requirements governing the application of a set of explicit algebraic formulae for the calculation of specific characteristics of flashover-related phenomena.

This document specifies the requirements for safe commercial operations of uncrewed aircraft system (UAS), including the external safety-critical service providing command and control (C2) Link. This document applies to all commercial UAS regardless of size, application or location and represents the international best practice for the safe commercial operation of any UAS.

This document defines the terms used in the ISO standards on the identification of medicinal products (IDMP) and their related technical specifications.

This document describes a method of determining the hole expansion ratio in metallic sheets and strips with a thickness range of 1,2 mm to 6,0 mm inclusive and a width of at least 90 mm. NOTE This test is normally applicable to sheet metal and is used to assess the suitability of the product for forming flanges.