ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies the principal dimensions of grooved pulleys for classical V-belts (sections Y, Z, A, B, C, D, and E) and narrow V-belts (sections SPZ, SPA, SPB, and SPC) specified in the terminology system based on datum width.

This document describes a method for determining the tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles, in particular the adhesion between the back of the fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and the cementitious adhesive used for installation.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the gas oil retention of solid, high nitrogen content, straight ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The method is applicable to fertilizers which do not contain materials soluble in gas oil and which are prilled or granular.

This document specifies the quality and safety requirements of Pueraria lobata root. This document applies to Pueraria lobata root that is sold and used as natural medicine in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this root.

This document specifies test methods to measure the amount of test liquid (simulated urine) which runs down a nonwoven test specimen when a specified mass of test liquid is poured on the nonwoven test specimen superimposed on a standard absorbent medium and placed on an inclined plane. This document is designed to compare run-off of nonwovens. It is not intended to simulate in use conditions for finished products. The three methods are: a) Option A - basic method for testing hydrophilic nonwovens, see Annex A. b) Option B - repeated test, with the same test parameters as the basic method with additional information in Option A, see Annex B. c) Option C - modified method for testing hydrophobic nonwovens specifying another degree of incline, see Annex C. The test method is designed to measure the repellency of hydrophobic nonwovens. At the standard inclination angle, Option A isn’t able to distinguish between different levels of hydrophobicity. By decreasing the inclination of the table, one can assess the difference in repellence of hydrophobic nonwovens. For R&D purposes, other characteristics can be measured according to Annex D.

This document specifies the process for determining the optical or dielectric constants by means of ellipsometric measurements and their analysis based on the bulk material model. If the assumptions of the bulk material model are strictly met, it is possible to determine the optical constants (refractive index n and extinction coefficient k) or the dielectric constants (real part ε1 and imaginary part ε2) of the material directly. Alternatively, optical ( and ) or dielectric ( and ) pseudo constants are determined, which depend on the measurement angle of incidence φ. The degree of consistency of the pseudo constants in the relevant spectral range, determined from measurements at different angles of incidence, represents a necessary prerequisite for the validity or quality of the bulk material model.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of snagging resistance of a fabric using a mace (spiked ball). This test method is applicable to knitted and to woven fabrics.

This document supports interchangeability of digital signatures and the prevention of incorrect or illegal digital signatures by providing minimum requirements and formats for generating and verifying digital signatures and related certificates. This document describes the common technical, operational, and policy requirements to enable digital certificates to be used in protecting the exchange of healthcare information within a single domain, between domains, and across jurisdictional boundaries. The purpose of this document is to create a platform for global interoperability. It specifically supports digital certificate enabled communication across borders but can also provide guidance for the national or regional deployment of digital certificates in healthcare. This document defines the provable compliance with a public key infrastructure (PKI) policy necessary in the domain of healthcare. It specifies a method of adopting long-term signature formats to ensure integrity and non-repudiation in long-term electronic preservation of healthcare information. This document provides healthcare-specific PKI (HPKI) profiles of digital signature based on the ISO/ETSI standard profiles specified in CAdES (CMS Advanced Electronic Signature)[1], XAdES (XML Advanced Electronic Signature), PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signature)[2] and the ETSI standard specified in JAdES (JSON Advanced Electronic Signature)[13].

This document provides supplemental information and guidance on how to implement the requirements listed in ISO 35001 [1]. This document does not add requirements to those in ISO 35001 [1].

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of manganese in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to manganese contents between 0,001 % (mass fraction) and 4,0 % (mass fraction).

This document uses ellipsometric measurements and their analysis to specify the method for the determination of the layer thickness d of a transparent layer and the optical (refractive index n) or dielectric (real part ε1) constants/functions based on the transparent single layer model within a spectral region, for which k = 0 applies.

This document specifies the reference framework for the benchmarking of integrated indoor localization and tracking methods (LTMs) using dead reckoning in areas of: master sets and test environments; benchmark metrics; benchmarking process; conformance.

This document specifies the properties and acceptable tolerances for bonded human-made mineral wool thermal insulating board for the overdeck insulation of roofs of buildings. The product is intended for roofs carrying foot traffic by maintenance personnel only. This document specifies the properties to be declared by the manufacturer at the time of delivery, as well as some test methods for the determination of these properties. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only. Design values can be derived from these by considering the environmental factors affecting the thermal performance of the product, the influence of the product properties on installation, and the effect of workmanship on the thermal performance. This document applies to board with or without a membrane for the insulation of the upper surface of roofs under roofing systems protected against water. The properties of a facing membrane are not described. When the board is supplied with a facing membrane, it is not intended to be waterproof. The board specified in this document is intended to be fixed to the roof surface.

This document specifies several methods for preparing laboratory samples of fibres, yarns and fabrics and presents a limited treatment of the problem of drawing specimens for testing. The selection of length-biased samples is not within the scope of this document. It does not cover particular procedures for the determination of commercial weights or moisture content.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of soluble particulate fluorides and hydrofluoric acid (HF) in workplace air by collection of the particulate fluorides on a pre-filter and HF on an alkali-impregnated filter and analysis by ion chromatography. This method is only applicable to determination of particulate fluorides that are soluble using the sample preparation procedure specified. For aerosol sampling, this method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. The method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,005 mg to at least 1,25 mg of particulate fluorides per sample and 0,015 mg to at least 1,2 mg of HF per sample.

This document specifies a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence of the modified cry1Ab/Ac gene and a procedure for the detection of the DNA transition sequence between the maize ubiquitin promoter (Pubi) and the cry1Ab/Ac gene. The modified cry1Ab/Ac gene and the Pubi-cry construct are frequently found in genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) plants. Both detection methods are based on real-time PCR and can be used for qualitative screening purposes. For identification and quantification of a specific genetically modified plant (event) a follow-up analysis has to be carried out. This document is applicable to the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It can also be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The application of these methods requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the relevant matrix.

This document provides guidelines for the classification and performance of leather upholstered products. This document is applicable to products made of leather upholstered for all levels of production. This document is applied if the upholstered material is made of leather or rather is a leather semi-finished product.

This document specifies the properties and acceptable tolerances for bonded man-made mineral wool thermal insulating mats (batts and rolls). The mats specified in this document are for use within ventilated spaces of buildings where the essential ventilation of the space can be restricted if the thickness recovery of the insulation is excessive. See ISO 9774:2004, Figure 1, for typical locations. They can be supplied flat, folded, or in the form of a roll. This document specifies the properties to be declared by the manufacturer at the time of delivery, as well as some test methods for the determination of these properties. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only. Mats can be supplied with a factory-applied facing, but facings are not covered by this document. Because mats are not generally designed to support any applied load, only the mechanical properties required for adequate handling during application are specified.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, this document defines a specific keyboard layout for the Latin script. This document is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications.

This document specifies the method and criteria for monitoring corrosion states of heat exchange tubes, heat exchange plates and other components made of stainless steel in industrial cooling water by combination of polarization resistance and corrosion potential. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the corrosion states of stainless steel in industrial cooling water or similar media, as well as the monitoring of the corrosiveness of industrial cooling water. The cooling water is generally taken from natural water, tap water and reclaimed water. It is applicable to industrial cooling water with pH value of 5,0 to 11,0, temperature of 0 °C to 60 °C, and conductivity higher than 20 μS/cm.

This document specifies requirements and gives guidance on thermal hazards for developing safety standards for child care articles.

This document specifies the instruments and equipment, reagents and materials, preparation, measurement procedure, calculations and precision for determining the solubility of elemental sulfur using the saturated dissolution method. This document covers the determination of sour gas samples collected from downhole, wellhead or separator using a sampler, or sour gas prepared in the laboratory, the sampling process of which is not involved.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the content of heavy extraneous materials (HEM) larger than 3,15 mm by the use of sink-and-float separation combined with elutriation. This document is applicable to woody biomass in accordance with ISO 17225-1, and especially for hogfuel in accordance with ISO 17225-9. NOTE 1 This method is designed to determine the level of impurities larger than 3,15 mm with a specific density >1 g/cm3, such as stones, glass, rubber, metal and certain types of plastics. NOTE 2 During the processing of the sample, hand sorting of light impurities with a specific density ≤1 g/cm3 (e.g. plastic foil) can also be done. NOTE 3 Some heavy extraneous materials (e.g. lumps of clay) can fall apart when submerged in water. NOTE 4 Heavy extraneous materials smaller than 3,15 mm can damage milling equipment, when reducing the material in size to produce laboratory samples.

This document specifies the execution, validation, verification and documentation of a numerical welding simulation within the field of computational welding mechanics (CWM) and performed with a scientific computational tool (SCT). This document is applicable to the thermal and mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) of arc, laser and electron beam welding processes for the purpose of calculating the effects of welding processes, and in particular, residual stresses and distortion, in support of structural integrity assessment.

This document provides a collection of use cases on advanced learning analytics services, which leverages emerging technologies such as cloud computing, blockchain, virtual reality, internet of things, artificial intelligence in K12 education, higher education, and vocational education and training (VET). This document also establishes a categorization of different groups of learning analytics services and outlines their interrelationships. This document is applicable to the design and development of learning analytics activities.

This document specifies the properties and acceptance tolerances for bonded man-made mineral wool thermal insulating mats (batts and rolls). The mats specified in this document are only intended to be used for horizontal applications with unrestricted ventilation, where any excess of thickness recovery of the insulation mat will not restrict the essential ventilation space. See ISO 9774:2004, Figure 1 for typical locations. The mineral wool mats which are specified in ISO 8144-1 are primarily intended for use in applications where any excess of thickness must be limited. This document provides limiting values for most of the properties. These limiting values are for specification purposes only; design values can be derived from these by considering the environmental factors affecting the thermal performance of the product, the influence of the product properties on installation, and the effect of workmanship on the thermal performance. For converting declared R-values to design values, see ISO 10456. Mats can be supplied with a factory-applied facing, but facings are not covered by this document. In general, mats are not designed to support any applied load. For this reason, only the mechanical properties required for adequate handling during application are specified.

This document gives an overview of a variety of physical and analytical methods by which bacteria, biofilms, and the interaction of those with antimicrobial compounds can be analysed. For each technique a general overview is given and its current state of the art. The strengths and limitations of each technique to measure microbial samples are given alongside suggestions for future developments. This document is intended as a guide and a starting point to more specific activities of ISO/TC 201, Surface chemical analysis, in the future, which end in standardized procedures for measurements.

This document specifies safety, design, construction and performance requirements and testing for electronic fuel/air ratio control (FARC) systems. Systems can include sensors, mechanical actuators and motors/blowers that make up the complete system. Systems can be described as: closed loop fuel/air ratio control systems (ERC), see 3.1.1; closed loop fuel/air ratio trim systems (ERT), see 3.1.2; fuel/air ratio supervision systems (ERS), see 3.2. NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word “system” means “FARC control and system components”. These systems are intended for use with burners and appliances that burn gaseous or liquid fuels. This document describes the procedures for evaluating these requirements and specifies information necessary for installation and use. This document applies to the inherent safety of the system, to the declared operating values, operating times and operating sequences if they are associated with FARC safety and to the testing of FARC systems used in, on or in association with appliances. NOTE 2 The documents for burners, appliances or processes which use ERC, ERS or ERT can override the requirements of this document. This document prescribes testing requirements in addition to the relevant standards for integrated devices or components (e.g. actuators) to ensure safe operation of the FARC system. If no part 2 standards in ISO/TC 161, Controls and protective devices for gaseous and liquid fuels, or IEC/TC 72, Textile machinery and accessories, exist, then IEC 60730-1 is considered. NOTE 3 Supplemental or modified requirements and tests and evaluations can be needed for ERC, ERS or ERT systems for conformance with relevant burner, appliance or process standards. Conformance of an ERC, ERS or ERT with this document does not imply that such systems or components thereof are acceptable for use on an appliance without supplemental tests of the control system applied to the particular appliance to meet the requirements of the relevant burner, appliance or process standard(s). This document applies to electronic fuel/air ratio control systems that can be tested independently or as a system or as part of an appliance or as part of a burner. This document does not cover burner control function like e.g. burner ignition, flame supervision and fuel shutoff.

This document defines multi-point gestures for screen readers. It specifies movements for clear and classified multi-point gestures recognized by the screen readers. It describes multi-point gestures performed by multiple point of interest (POI) for the screen readers. NOTE Multiple POI can be manipulated by using multiple objects such as fingertips, etc.

This document applies to single stage, two stage and economised refrigerant compressors. Selected test methods are described for the determination of the refrigerating capacity, the power input, the isentropic efficiency and where possible the volumetric efficiency. These test methods provide results of sufficient accuracy to permit consideration of the suitability of a refrigerant compressor to operate satisfactorily under any set of basic test conditions required for a given application. NOTE Tests on complete refrigeration installations are dealt with in ISO 916.

This document describes a method for the online determination of hydrogen sulfide content in natural gas by laser absorption spectroscopy. The analytical range expressed as mole fraction is 1 μmol/mol to 50 μmol/mol.

This document outlines the business processes and data requirements for the implementation of electronic bill of lading (eBL). Its primary focus is the secure digital transfer of title documents via a trusted platform. Additionally, it specifies optional data elements that are essential for leveraging distributed ledger technology (DLT) to support the eBL workflow.

This document provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). This document identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards. “Hydrogen” in this document means protium (the most common isotope of hydrogen) (1H), not deuterium (2H) or tritium (3H).

This document specifies the required properties of the piping system and its components made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP), based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) intended to be used for drainage or sewerage without pressure including culverts. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This document is applicable to non-circular GRP-UP pipes, with flexible or rigid joints, primarily intended for use in buried installations but may also be used to reline existing non-circular pipe lines. NOTE 1 GRP-UP includes pipes with vinyl ester liners or made entirely from vinyl ester. NOTE 2 Piping systems conforming to this document can be used also for non-buried applications provided the influence of the environment, e.g. from UV-radiation, and the supports are considered in the design of the pipes, fittings and joints. This document is applicable to pipes, fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 150 to DN 4000, which are intended to be used for the conveyance of surface water or sewage at normal service conditions.

This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.

This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics. It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties. The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye. NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E). It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.

This document specifies requirements, procedures and message formats for controlling and monitoring of test objects, used for testing of active safety functions and autonomous vehicles. This document specifies functionality and messaging for monitoring and controlling of test objects by a control centre facilitating an interoperable test object environment. This document defines a communication protocol which allows for the control centre to safely execute tests using test objects from multiple vendors. This document does not specify the internal architecture of the test object nor control centre. This document does not specify how testing of the vehicles shall be performed.

This document specifies the requirements for factory-made thermal insulating products containing one or more reflective or low-emissivity surface components, and designed to be used in conjunction with an incorporated air space, for the thermal insulation of buildings. This document specifies products manufactured in the form of rolls, boards and sheets, and also covers products that are used in prefabricated thermal insulation systems and composite panels. Such prefabricated systems and composite panels are not within the scope of this document. The products specified in this document are not intended for use in load-bearing applications. This document does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in an application. The levels of performance required for a given application are to be found in project specifications.

This document specifies a specific method for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of thermoplastics pipes and fittings. It includes the adaption of method B 50 of ISO 306:2022 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h and the procedure for specimen preparation. It includes the particular test conditions for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of unplasticized poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U) or chlorinated poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-C) pipes and fittings, for high impact resistance poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-HI) pipes and for acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylic ester (ASA) pipes and fittings. This document can also be used for pipes and fittings from other materials (e.g. PE-UHMW).

This document specifies the general requirements for the safety and quality of stick-type single-dose package for viscous extracts. This document does not apply to solid dosage forms.

This document specifies dimensional requirements for clamp mounted CR fuel injectors and their corresponding cylinder head features in diesel engines. According to the injector nozzle capnut, the clamp mounted CR fuel injectors can be divided into two types: Type A, where the nozzle capnut is straight (see Figure 4); Type B, where the nozzle capnut is stepped (see Figure 5). Each clamp mounted CR fuel injector type is subdivided by a series of different sizes. NOTE This differentiation corresponds to the relationship between the two guide diameters of the clamp mounted CR fuel injectors.

This document specifies particular requirements for washer-disinfectors (WD) intended for use when the level of assurance of disinfection that is necessary can be achieved by cleaning and thermal disinfection (A0 not less than 60) and does not require an independent automated record of critical processes to be kept. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 15883-1, which specifies general requirements for WD. The range of products on which WD of this particular type can be used is restricted to non-invasive and non-critical devices and equipment (i.e. not penetrating skin or contacting mucosal surfaces). NOTE Thermal disinfection can be achieved by rinsing the load with hot water, exposure to steam, or combination of the two. This document does not cover powered devices, lumened devices, and other semi-critical and critical medical devices. Devices identified within the scopes of ISO 15883-2, ISO 15883-3, ISO 15883-4, and ISO 15883-7 do not fall within the scope of this document.

This document provides requirements and guidelines for the application of the mass balance chain of custody model, as defined in ISO 22095, to any material or product flow within mass balance systems, including how to attribute specified characteristics to flows of such processes. This document provides requirements and guidelines for the following matters, amongst others: differentiations from controlled blending and book and claim models; general requirements for organizations active in a mass balance chain of custody model; system boundaries including geography and time; conversion factors; the rolling average percentage method; the credit method; transparency, communication and claims.

This document specifies discrete polymer fibres with a nominal length of 80 mm or less mixed in concrete and mortar. The quality and performance specified in this standard are the raw material resin of discrete polymer fibres, nominal fibre diameter and its allowable range, nominal fibre length and its allowable range, fibre cross-sectional shape, fibre longitudinal shape, grade of fibre strength, and grade of fibre elasticity. There are a wide variety of discrete polymer fibres used to reinforce cement composites. Currently, in discrete polymer fibres products distributed as industrial products, there are many types of raw material resins and various shapes. In addition, the applications that have been used in practical fields are so wide, from structural applications that require high mechanical reinforcement performance to crack control and peeling prevention that are easier to use. Therefore, to select an appropriate product from a wide variety of discrete polymer fibres, the characteristics of discrete polymer fibres need to be classified and revealed based on a unified evaluation method. This document allows manufacturers to ensure the performance of discrete polymer fibres are in accordance with an adequate standard in response to various user requests.

This document specifies a unification module for input actions, including its framework, requirements and recommendations, for consistently accessing the operations across multiple types of devices. This document recognizes the input actions as user behaviours that are commonly used to manipulate system or application operations (functions) through user interfaces. It also identifies the need and use cases of unifying input actions across devices. This document does not specify parameter settings and details of the input actions. This document is applicable to all types of organizations.