73.020 - Mining and quarrying
ICS 73.020 Details
Mining and quarrying
Bergbau. Steinbruche
Exploitation miniere et de carriere
Rudarstvo in kamnolomsko izkopavanje
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 73.020 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Mining and quarrying". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 191 standards classified under ICS 73.020 (Mining and quarrying). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document establishes a classification of mining methods based on specification such as ore grade and recovery, cost of infrastructure, ore extraction, labour and machine costs, underground support costs and geotechnical factors.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine haulage.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the commonly used terms and definitions in underground mine ventilation. Only those terms and definitions that have a specific meaning in this field are included. NOTE Some terms and definitions are also applicable to surface mining.
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This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine drainage.
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This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine extraction.
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This document defines the interfaces required between the fleet management (FMS) and autonomous haulage (AHS) systems for dispatch of haul trucks and coordination of production information, including communication protocols, message structures, telemetry signals, map sharing and task assignments. This document applies to surface mining. It specifies requirements and recommendations to achieve the following: — realtime computer system communication; — message definition and semantic; — mine map sharing; — truck dispatching; — truck production monitoring. This document does not address computer system authentication, authorization and cyber security. These methods and technologies are already covered by best practice IT deployments. The specific requirements for safe operation of machines, including execution of task assignments issued by the FMS to the AHS rely on additional information that is agreed between the FMS and AHS supplier which is outside the scope of this document.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
4.1.1 This practice is not intended to be used as a kinetic test to simulate weathering of ore, metal mining, and metallurgical processing wastes. For kinetic testing of ore, metal mining, and metallurgical processing wastes, refer to Test Method D5744 to determine release rates for constituents of interest. For static testing of metal mining ore and metal mining or metallurgical processing waste materials, refer to Test Methods E1915 and D6234. If the conditions of this practice are not suitable for the test material, Test Method E2242 may be used, if applicable to the ore or waste.
4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field, or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of the extract reflects the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste.
4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extraction simulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract.
4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
4.6.1 This practice has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in metal mining and metallurgical processing wastes.
4....
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.1.1 This practice includes a procedure for the shake leaching of metal mining ore, waste rock, or metallurgical processing waste containing at least 80 % dry solids (≤20 % moisture) in order to generate a solution to be used to determine the inorganic constituents leached under the specified testing conditions and for regulatory jurisdictions requiring a water leach practice.
1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known mass of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.
1.2.1 This practice is intended to describe the procedure for performing single-batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling, sample preservation, and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document is a supplementary document to the International standard for managing mining legacies (ISO 24419-1) that provides illustrative case studies and resources providing further reading. The content provided in this document covers various regions of the world as a supplement to ISO 24419-1. The purpose is to provide insight into specific case studies that show how practitioners have addressed mining legacy challenges in practice. This document does not provide instructions for managing mining legacies, but instead a resource with insights from other practitioners, thereby widening knowledge of what can be required to effectively manage mining legacies.
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This document establishes requirements and recommendations for managing mining legacies. It can be used by any public, private or community enterprise, or group, but is deemed particularly relevant to government and the mining industry who have a legal right or obligation to manage mining legacies. This document encompasses a range of activities that are relevant to planning, implementing and stewardship, performance and reporting when managing mining legacies while engaging stakeholders throughout the process. It is applicable to all mining legacies from large complex sites to medium and small mines. It is also applicable to mining legacies in a range of climates, land uses and social contexts. Managing mining legacies can pose complex challenges that require high level support and clear responsibilities to ensure delivery of acceptable outcomes. The process of managing mine closure and reclamation for active mines is addressed in ISO 21795 series.
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This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
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This document specifies the rock-mechanics terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
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This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine prospecting and exploration. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
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This document specifies requirements for rough blocks of natural stone from which products for use in building or commemorative stones and other similar applications are made.
It does not apply to artificially agglomerated stony material nor installation.
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This document specifies requirements for rough slabs of natural stone from which products for use in buildings or commemorative stones and other similar applications are made.
It does not cover artificially agglomerated stony material nor installation.
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This document specifies requirements for rough slabs of natural stone from which products for use in buildings or commemorative stones and other similar applications are made.
It does not cover artificially agglomerated stony material nor installation.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for rough blocks of natural stone from which products for use in building or commemorative stones and other similar applications are made.
It does not apply to artificially agglomerated stony material nor installation.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for determining the resistance to thermal and moisture cycling of marble intended for the external cladding of building facades.
NOTE Bowing and rapid strength loss is known to occur in some marbles when used as exterior cladding.
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This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system.
Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for determining the resistance to thermal and moisture cycling of marble intended for the external cladding of building facades.
NOTE Bowing and rapid strength loss is known to occur in some marbles when used as exterior cladding.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers limestone suitable for use as dust in coal mines to prevent coal dust explosions. The limestone shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed. The chemical analysis and the particle size analysis of the limestone shall be conducted.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pulverized limestone suitable for use as dust in coal mines to reduce risk of coal dust explosions.
Note 1: Pulverized limestone can serve as a source of incombustible material in coal mine operations. Limestone is dusted onto coal exposures in sufficient amount so that the incombustible content of the combined coal dust, rock dust, other dust, and moisture shall not be less than 80 % of all loose dust (MSHA 30 CFR 75.403). With such a concentration of limestone incombustible material, dust explosions cannot initiate or be propagated from nearby gas explosions. The limestone must be substantially dry in order to dust satisfactorily.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system.
Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.
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This document specifies a test method for determination of flexural strength under a concentrated load for natural stone. Both an identification and a technological product testing procedure are included.
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This document specifies the objectives, tasks, work processes, classification, report preparation and acceptance of coalbed methane (CBM) resource evaluation.
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This document specifies the design loads and the design procedures for the design of structures used in underground mines. It covers all steel and concrete structures used in underground mines, irrespective of the depth of the mine or the product being mined. This document adopts a limit states design philosophy. Typical underground structures covered by this document include, but are not limited to: - box front structures at the bottom of rock passes; - conveyor gantry and transfer structures; - chairlift support structures; - crusher support structures; - fan support structures; - fixed or retractable arresting structures for ramps (see ISO 19426-5); - foundations for pumps, fans, winches and underground winders; - high-pressure bulkheads; - monorails; - overhead crane gantries for workshops, pump stations and sub shaft winder chambers; - settler structures; - silo bulkhead structures; - silo structures; - structures supporting loose rock; - tip structures, including dump structures; - underground head frames; - ventilation control doors and other ventilation structures; - walls and floors for safety bays, refuge stations and sub-stations; - water control doors; - water retaining structures. This document does not cover matters of operational safety or layout of the underground structures.
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This document specifies requirements for, and gives guidance on, the design and use of a traceability system in a rare earth supply chain. It specifies the information to be recorded by supply chain businesses for rare earth materials or products passing through the supply chain from mine to separated products.
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This document provides guidance related to the necessary mine closure and reclamation planning activities for new and operating mines. Recommendations are provided on: - closure and reclamation of a mine site; - land reclamation and water management; - stakeholder engagement; - decision and analysis tools. The following aspects of closure and reclamation are not addressed in this document: - infrastructure such as rail lines, ports, off-site ore loaders, power stations, etc. that are associated with the mine operation, but which are not located at the mine site; - detailed survey, testing or monitoring methods, detailed engineering procedures, detailed product requirements, or detailed construction and operational procedures; occupational health and safety management related to closure and reclamation, construction and exploration activities; - relinquishment of a closed and reclaimed mine site, or portions thereof, to a party (governmental or private entity) not related to the mine operator; - specific requirements for dealing with the radiological aspects of mine closure and reclamation, such as those that occur at uranium mining and processing facilities and other mines at which naturally occurring radioactive materials are present; however, the other aspects associated with closure and reclamation of these mines are included in this document; and - closure and reclamation of abandoned mines.
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This document specifies a framework and the processes involved in mine closure and reclamation planning for new and operating mines. Requirements and recommendations are provided on: - mine closure and reclamation plan objectives and commitments; - technical procedures and techniques; - mitigation of socio-economic impacts; - financial assurance and associated planning; - mine closure and reclamation planning for unplanned closure; - post-closure management plan; and - mine closure and reclamation plan documentation. The following aspects of mine closure and reclamation are not addressed in this document: - infrastructure such as rail lines, ports, off-site ore loaders, power stations, etc. that are associated with the mine operation, but which are not located at the mine site; - detailed survey, testing or monitoring methods, detailed engineering procedures, detailed product requirements, or detailed construction and operational procedures; occupational health and safety management related to closure and reclamation, construction and exploration activities; - relinquishment of a closed and reclaimed mine site, or portions thereof, to a party (governmental or private entity) not related to the mine operator; - specific requirements for dealing with the radiological aspects of mine closure and reclamation, such as those that occur at uranium mining and processing facilities and other mines at which naturally occurring radioactive materials are present; however, the other aspects associated with closure and reclamation of these mines are included in this document; and - closure and reclamation of abandoned mines.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Traditional methods for expressing geological uncertainty consist of preparing reliability categories based simply on the distance between drill hole data points, such as the one described by Wood et al. (5) that uses only the drill holes within the coal bed. A major drawback of distance methods is their weak to null association with estimation errors. This practice provides a methodology for effectively assessing the uncertainty in coal resource estimates utilizing stochastic simulation. In determining uncertainty for any coal assessment, stochastic simulation enables consideration of other important factors and information beyond the geometry of drill hole locations, both in and out of the coal bed, including: non-depositional channels, depth of weathering, complexity of seam boundaries, coal seam subcrop projections, and varying coal bed geology for different seams due to fluctuating peat depositional environments. Olea et al. (6) explains in detail the methodology behind this practice and illustrates it with an example.
5.2 For multi-seam deposits, uncertainty can be expressed on an individual seam basis as well as an aggregated uncertainty for an entire coal deposit.
5.3 The uncertainty is expressed directly in tons of coal. Additionally, this practice allows the statistical analysis to be presented according to widely-accepted conventions, such as percentiles and confidence intervals. For example, there is a 90 % probability that the actual tonnage in place is 314 million metric tons ± 28.8 million metric tons (346 million tons ± 31.7 million tons) of coal.
5.4 The results of an uncertainty determination can provide important input into an overall risk analysis assessing the commercial feasibility of a coal deposit.
5.5 A company may rank coal resources per block (cell) based on the degree of uncertainty.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for quantitatively determining in-place tonnage uncertainty in a coal resource assessment. The practice uses a database on coal occurrence and applies geostatistical methods to model the uncertainty associated with a tonnage estimated for one or more coal seams. The practice includes instruction for the preparation of results in graphical form.
1.2 This document does not include a detailed presentation of the basic theory behind the formulation of the standard, which can be found in numerous publications, with a selection being given in the references (1-3).2
1.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with professional judgment of the many unique aspects of a coal deposit.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: All values given in parentheses after SI units are stated in inch-pound units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies a method to assess the sensitivity of natural stones when exposed to accidental staining. It defines a procedure for the application of the stains as well as the cleaning and the assessment of the surface appearance after cleaning. It also covers the possibility to assess the efficiency of a chemical treatment.
Note that the method does not intend to present any de-staining technique.
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This document specifies the design loads and the design procedures for the design of rope guides and rubbing ropes used for guiding conveyances and preventing collisions in vertical mine shafts for permanent operations. It covers personnel and material hoisting, as well as rock hoisting installations. There are no fundamental limitations placed on the size of conveyances, the hoisting speeds, shaft layout configurations, or the shaft depth. This document can be applicable to shaft sinking operations when kibbles run on the stage ropes. There are many reasons, based on technical, timing, and cost factors, why rope guides are selected or not for a particular application, following careful assessment at feasibility stage of any project where rope guides are considered. This document provides some comments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using rope guides compared to rigid guides, and specific design aspects for consideration when using rope guides. However, it is primarily intended to provide the technical information required to ensure good engineering of shafts where rope guided hoisting is the chosen solution. This document does not cover matters of operational safety.
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This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system. Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial data in general and is significant to the coal mining community because it provides uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to coal mining features.
4.2 Some RA data for coal mining feature attributes may not have values. Those RAs may not collect those attributes as part of their regulatory program or those attributes may not be applicable within their area of responsibility. As a result, a national dataset of coal mining features may appear to be incomplete for those RAs.
4.3 Within its area of exclusive jurisdiction, each RA is the ADS for the coal mining geospatial data that it creates and uses to regulate mining activity.
4.4 Limitations of Use—Uses of a national dataset are limited by several factors affecting the completeness, currency, and accuracy, of various data sources.
4.4.1 Completeness—Participation in the compilation of spatial data may not be uniform across RAs, which may affect completeness, both in terms of spatial data, and associated attributes. For some RAs, this standard may not be applicable because features described herein do not occur within their area of responsibility.
4.4.2 Currency—Source data is subject to change as a result of regulatory actions that may change the geographical location, extent, or attributes of particular features which may not be reflected in the national dataset. If detailed information is needed for individual features, the appropriate RA should be contacted for additional information.
4.4.3 Data compiled in accordance with this standard is not intended to be used as a primary source for evaluating risk or safety.
4.4.4 Data compiled in accordance with this standard is intended for informative purposes; it is not authoritative.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines a set of terms, procedures, and data required to define the accurate location and description of the minimum geospatial data for surface coal mining operations (CMO), underground coal mining extents, land reclamation and performance bond statuses, lands unsuitable for mining petitions (LUMP) and designated areas, coal spoil and refuse features, coal preparation plants, environmental resource monitoring locations (ERMLs), and postmining land uses.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the adequacy of a professional service, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 Surface CMOs—As used in this practice, a surface CMO represents an area where coal removal, reclamation, and related supporting activities have occurred, is occurring, is pending authorization or is authorized by the Regulatory Authority (RA) within a defined surface CMO or any other unpermitted area that has been identified by the RA.
1.4.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial data, interim permits, and permanent program permits. Each RA shall be the authoritative data source (ADS) for coal mining geospatial data.
1.5 Underground Coal Mining Extents—This practice addresses underground coal mining extents that represent a...
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This document specifies a test method to assess the relative resistance of natural stones with an open porosity of greater than 5 %, measured in accordance with EN 1936, to damage caused by the crystallization of salts. The test is not necessary for low porosity stones.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a vocabulary for mine closure and reclamation management.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining an extract of mining waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of certain inorganic constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method. The user is advised to minimize the holding time between sampling and testing if the waste is suspected to contain reactive sulfide minerals.
Note 3: This method is not intended to be used as a kinetic test to simulate weathering of mining wastes. For kinetic testing of mining wastes, refer to Test Method D5744 to determine release rates for constituents of interest. For static testing of metal mining ore and mining or mineral processing waste materials, refer to Test Methods E1915.
4.2 The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed (see 1.2).
4.3 An intent of this test method is for the final pH of the extract to reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the waste.
4.4 This test method is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design. If the conditions of this test method are not suitable for the test material, USEPA Method 1312 or Test Method E2242 may be used.
4.5 This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
4.6 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) inorganic constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the shake leaching of mining waste containing at least 80 % dry solids (≤20 % moisture) in order to generate a solution to be used to determine the inorganic constituents leached under the specified testing conditions that conform to the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP).
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of mining waste with acidic extraction fluid of a specified composition, as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
Note 1: Possible sources of information concerning the pH of the precipitation in the geographic region of interest include state and federal environmental agencies, state universities, libraries, etc. pH values given in USEPA Method 1312, that are 4.2 east of the Mississippi River and 5.0 west of the Mississippi River and are based on acid precipitation maps, are examples of values that can be used. If the pH of the laboratory water is less than the desired pH for the site, do not use this test method; use Practice D3987 or Test Method E2242.
Note 2: The method may also be suitable for use in testing of mineral processing waste from metal mining process operations for jurisdictions that do not require the use of Test Method E2242.
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing single batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling, sample preservation, and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user...
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This document specifies the geologic terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
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This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine planning and surveying. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
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This document specifies a test method to assess the relative resistance of natural stones with an open porosity of greater than 5 %, measured in accordance with EN 1936, to damage caused by the crystallization of salts. The test is not necessary for low porosity stones.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes methods for verifying the geometric characteristics of products of natural stone such as rough blocks, rough slabs, finished products for cladding, flooring, stairs and modular tiles and paving units (slabs, setts and kerbs). These methods can be applied in the case of a dispute between two parties, they are not compulsory for production control.
Other measuring equipment can be used as long as their precision can be demonstrated to be equal or better than the ones mentioned here.
It is essential that all weighing, measuring and testing equipment are calibrated or retraceable to measurement standards and regularly inspected according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria. It is important that the expression of the dimensional characteristics is in accordance with the appropriate class of the measured product.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice addresses AML PAs, PUs, Keyword Features, and Project Sites. This practice is significant as it provides for uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to the geographic location and description of AML sites located throughout the United States.
4.2 This geospatial data standard will help ensure uniformity of data contributed by each RA and assist organizations in efforts to create, utilize, and share geospatial data. Use of this standard will result in organized and accessible data to support programmatic decisions and work plan development, increased awareness of AML problems, and better communication between RA, the public, industry, and other interested parties.
4.3 The geospatial data may be served as a layer in a national dataset and map service.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for the accurate location and description of geospatial data for defining Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Problem Areas, Planning Units, Keyword Features, and Project Sites as originally defined by the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), through its Abandoned Mine Land Inventory Manual (Directive AML-1) under the jurisdiction of Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. These standards remain applicable to mining organizations that geospatially locate and identify AML sites, however these standards can be used for entities that are in beginning phases of mapping and identifying AML sites using protocol that is consistent with existing nomenclature.
1.1.1 Abandoned mine lands consist of those lands and waters which were mined for coal or other minerals, or both, and abandoned or left in an inadequate condition of reclamation and for which there is no continuing reclamation responsibility for mitigation of adverse impacts to human health and safety or environmental resources.
1.1.2 As used in this practice, an AML Problem Area (PA) represents a closed polygon boundary for a uniquely defined geographic area contained within an AML Planning Unit (PU). An AML PA is a subdivision of an AML PU that contains one or more AML keyword features together with impacted land or water resources or both. An AML PA should not cross PU boundaries.
1.1.3 As used in this practice, an AML PU represents a closed polygon boundary of a uniquely defined geographic area identified by unique numbers and names. An entire WCU may be delineated as a single PU or subdivided into multiple PUs.
1.1.4 As used in this practice, an AML Keyword Feature is a point, line, or polygon defining the location of a specific on-the-ground feature contained within an AML Problem Area (PA) as described in the AML Inventory Manual.
1.1.5 As used in this practice, an AML Project Site is a closed polygon boundary for a uniquely defined geographic area that includes the area disturbed to achieve the reclamation. An AML Project Site may contain one or more AML keyword features together with impacted land or water resources or both.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent...
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This document specifies methods for making technical petrographic descriptions of natural stone, except for roofing slates. For this product, the method for the petrographic examination is defined in EN 12326-2. Although chemical and physical methods of analysis are required for petrographic classification of some stone types, these methods will not be described in this standard.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 General—CCPs can effectively be used to reclaim surface mines (5-10). First, CCPs are ideally suited for use in numerous reclamation applications. Any type of CCP may be evaluated for use in mine reclamation. Project specific testing is necessary to ensure that the CCPs selected for use on a given project will meet the project objectives. Second, the use of CCPs can save money because they are available in bulk quantities and reduce expenditures for the manufacture and purchase of Portland cement or quicklime. Third, large-scale use of CCPs for mine reclamation conserves valuable landfill space by recycling a valuable product to abate acid mine drainage and reduce the potential for mine subsidence, provided that the CCP is environmentally and technically suitable for the desired use. The availability of CCPs makes it possible to reclaim abandoned mineland that could not otherwise be reclaimed. The potential for leaching constituents contained in CCPs should be evaluated to ensure that there is no adverse environmental impact.
4.2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Behavior of CCPs—Fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material and FBC ash, or combinations thereof, can be used for mine reclamation. Each of these materials typically exhibits general physical and chemical properties that must be considered in the design of a mine reclamation project using CCPs. The specific properties of these materials vary from source to source so environmental and engineering performance testing is recommended for the material(s) or combinations to be used in mine reclamation projects.
4.2.1 Physical Properties:
4.2.1.1 Unit Weight—Unit weight is the weight per unit volume of material. Fly ash has a low dry unit weight, typically about 50 to 100 pcf (8 to 16 kN/m3). Bottom ash is also typically lighter than coarse grained soils of similar gradation. Stabilized FGD material from a wet scrubber and FGD material from a dry scrubber are also relatively lightweight, with u...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the beneficial use of coal combustion products (CCPs) for abatement of acid mine drainage and revegetation for surface mine reclamation applications related to area mining, contour mining, and mountaintop removal mining. It does not apply to underground mine reclamation applications. There are many important differences in physical and chemical characteristics that exist among the various types of CCPs available for use in mine reclamation. CCPs proposed for each project must be investigated thoroughly to design CCP placement activities to meet the project objectives. This guide provides procedures for consideration of engineering, economic, and environmental factors in the development of such applications.
1.2 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.
1.3 This guide applies to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal.
1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for using CCPs in mine reclamation are similar to generally accepted practices for using other materials, including cement and soils, in mine reclamation.
1.5 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitati...
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