ISO 22932-5:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22932-5
First edition
2023-06
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
Exploitation minière — Vocabulaire —
Partie 5: Forage et abattage à l'explosif
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Rock drilling concepts . 1
3.2 Rock drilling technologies . 3
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings . 4
3.4 Hole properties . 5
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods . 5
3.6 Hand-held machines . 6
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines . 7
3.8 Rigs. 8
3.9 Support components and systems . 9
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units . 10
3.11 Drill bits . 11
3.12 Chuck .13
3.13 Drill string . 13
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems . 16
3.15 Rock support components . 16
3.16 Movement and force . . 17
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist . 19
3.18 Flushing . 19
3.19 Drill dust suppression .20
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station .20
3.21 Rock drill rig operation modes .22
3.22 Charging loading - explosive loading . 22
3.23 Cuts . 25
3.24 Detonation . 27
3.25 Explosive .29
3.26 Primer .34
3.27 Firing .34
3.28 Fuses . 36
3.29 Shotfiring . . 37
3.30 Blasting. 37
Bibliography .45
Index .47
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
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iv
Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of
technical terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of
mining activities.
The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within
the industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
1 Scope
This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms
that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
2 Normative references
This document does not contain normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Rock drilling concepts
3.1.1
back-reaming
enlargement of a bore by pulling back a tool of a larger diameter than that previously used to form the
bore
3.1.2
bench drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1) in open pit mines
3.1.3
blast hole drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes to be charged with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1)
3.1.4
consolidation drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes in the front or at an angle of the drift direction to be injected with
consolidation fluid
EXAMPLE Grout (3.15.4).
3.1.5
coverage area
area that the rock drill can drill from one stationary position of the rock drill rig (3.8.15)
Note 1 to entry: The coverage area depends largely on the boom (3.13.11) configuration and if of the rock drill rig,
and if there is a turn able superstructure.
Note 2 to entry: Hole deviation (3.4.8) is due to the drill bit (3.11.1) changing direction as a result of, for example,
inhomogeneity in the rock or a bent drill rod (3.13.2) is bent. Hole deviation (3.4.8) can be minimised by sturdy
drill string (3.13.1) support and proper guidance while collaring (3.3.3).
3.1.6
dimensional stone drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes for quarrying natural stone
3.1.7
drainage drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of drainage holes for methane or water
3.1.8
drifting
drilling (3.1.11), blasting (3.30.1.1) and excavating rock to create transportation (3.16.16) and access
openings to ore bodies in an underground mining operation
3.1.9
drill instruction
instruction for how drilling (3.1.11) should be carried out
3.1.10
drillability
relative speed at which a material may be penetrated by a drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: High drillability denotes easy penetration at a fast rate.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.1.11
drilling
process by which a borehole is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive,
percussive or thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the drill rig
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.1.5]
3.1.12
drilling for secondary breaking
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the boulders remaining after a blast
3.1.13
exploratory drilling
application of the mechanical engineering technology of deep drilling (3.1.11) to determine the profile
of the formation and retrieve strata samples to obtain the relevant geological parameters
[SOURCE: IWA 33-1:2019, 5.19]
3.1.14
face drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the front wall at the end of a drift, rock chamber (3.22.6) or
tunnel
3.1.15
fan drilling
long hole production drilling (3.1.17) where the holes are drilled in the same plane but at different angles,
both left and right of vertical, to form a fan like array
3.1.16
line drilling
technique involving a single row of closely spaced, uncharged, small diameter holes drilled along the
required excavation line, thereby providing a plane of weakness to which the primary blast can break
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.1.17
long hole production drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) of extended length to excavate ore
3.1.18
probe drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes with a face drilling (3.1.14) rig in the direction of the drift to examine the
rock formation
3.1.19
reaming
enlargement of a drill hole by using a larger drill or blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: The term reaming also refers to widening a shaft, drift or tunnel.
3.1.20
shaft sinking drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) for sinking a shaft
3.2 Rock drilling technologies
3.2.1
boxhole boring
drilling (3.1.11) method where an opening upwards from a drift to a production room is achieved by
boring it to its full diameter in a single pass with a machine designed specifically for the purpose
3.2.2
down-the-hole drilling
DTH
in-the-hole drilling
ITH
drilling (3.1.11) of holes using a down-the-hole hammer rock drill (3.10.3)
3.2.3
percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) whereby repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied by the bit, which is
repositioned by intermittent rotation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.2.4
raise boring
connection of two levels by drilling (3.1.11) a pilot hole down to the lower level, removing the drill bit
(3.11.1) and replacing it by a reamer head which is then rotated and pulled back up towards the machine
to create the raise
3.2.5
rotary drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which rotation and thrust are applied to the bit, producing a continuous
cutting (3.3.4) action
Note 1 to entry: The ground or rock at the bottom of the borehole is crushed or cut by pressure, shear or tensile
stress produced by the different drilling tools. The collarings (3.3.3) are periodically or continuously removed
out of the bore hole.
Note 2 to entry: Drill bits can be of the roller or drag types.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.6
rotary-percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied to the bit (3.11.1) which is
continually rotated under power
Note 1 to entry: The piston is typically powered by either hydraulic fluid or compressed air. At the same time the
drill bit is rotated either continuously or intermittently.
Note 2 to entry: The collarings (3.3.3) can be continuously removed out of the borehole by a flushing medium
(3.18.1), which is carried to the drilling tool.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.7
tube drilling
drilling (3.1.11) method where a rotation torque (3.16.13) is transferred to the drill bit (3.11.1) through
relatively thin wall tubes rather than rods, with a minimum-sized flushing fluid canal
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings
3.3.1
bench
part of the face of a large excavation which is not advanced as part of the round but as a separate
operation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.2
blast hole
drilled hole for charging with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1) of rock
3.3.3
collaring
operation of starting to bore a hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.4
cutting
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole by the collaring (3.3.3) action of the drilling
(3.1.11) tool
3.3.5
flanking hole
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at an acute angle to the coal face for the purpose of trimming it
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.6
lifter
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at floor level
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.7
top hole
horizontal or upwardly inclined shothole (3.30.1.27) placed at the foot of a face
Note 1 to entry: Top holes are placed generally in quarries.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.4 Hole properties
3.4.1
alignment deviation
difference of actual and intended alignment of drilled hole
3.4.2
bolt hole
drilled hole where rock bolts (3.15.7) can be anchored
3.4.3
drill pattern
pattern of holes drilled to excavate a specified size of opening in mining and construction
3.4.4
hole depth
length of the hole in the vertical/horizontal direction
3.4.5
hole depth measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill depth
3.4.6
hole length
length of the hole, parallel to the drilling (3.1.11) direction
3.4.7
hole length measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill length
3.4.8
hole deviation
difference of actual and intended position of drill holes that occurs during drilling (3.1.11)
3.4.9
look-out angle
angle between the practical (drilled) and the theoretical tunnel profile
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods
3.5.1
cable bolting
process of fixing cables with cement grout (3.15.3) or chemical compounds to stabilize the rock mass, in
long holes being drilled in rock
3.5.2
grouting
injection
input of material (which normally hardens) in joints and voids of the rock for sealing or reinforcement
EXAMPLE Cement, resin and plastic.
3.5.3
meshing
netting
installing a net as rock support on ceiling or walls
3.5.4
pipe roofing
pre-reinforcement of the ground ahead of the tunnel face with steel pipes, arranged like an umbrella or
canopy around the excavation line, to ensure that the excavation can proceed safely
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Pipe roofing
3.5.5
rock bolting
bolting
method of securing or strengthening closely jointed or highly fissured rocks by inserting and firmly
anchoring rock bolts (3.15.7) oriented perpendicular to the rock face or mine opening, in mine workings,
tunnels, or rock abutments
3.5.6
selective bolting
bolting (3.5.5) of weak sections or loose rock
3.5.7
systematic bolting
bolting (3.5.5) in a pre-determined pattern
3.6 Hand-held machines
3.6.1
airleg
device, incorporating a pneumatic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.2
burster
hydraulic mechanism which, when inserted into a large diameter shothole (3.30.1.27), breaks down the
strata by means of pistons operating transversely
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.3
hammer drill
percussive drill
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.4
hydraleg
device, incorporating a hydraulic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.5
jackhammer
light percussive drill used by hand or with some light support
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.6
stoper
light percussive drill incorporating a pneumatic cylinder to provide support and thrust when drilling
(3.1.11) steeply upward
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines
3.7.1
hollow drill rod
hollow drill steel
hollow drill stem
drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) having an air to remove collaring (3.3.3) from a drill hole, or for the
extraction of collarings by suction
[SOURCE: BS 3618 6:1972]
3.7.2
line oiler
device for lubricating a drill by feeding oil gradually into the compressed air supply
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.3
scroll
helical projection on a drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) to remove the collarings (3.3.3) from the hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.4
shank
end of the rod that engages with the chuck (3.12.1) of the drilling (3.1.11) machine
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.5
stem
drill steel
integral steel
round or hexagonal steel rod for boring
Note 1 to entry: Compare with 3.22.18.2.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8 Rigs
3.8.1
bench drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1)
3.8.2
blasthole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blastholes (3.27.1)
3.8.3
cable bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for drilling (3.1.11) long holes in rock and fixing cables in them with cement grout
(3.15.3) to stabilize the rock mass
3.8.4
dimensional stone rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes for quarrying of natural stone
3.8.5
drill boom
adjustable arm projecting from a drill carriage (3.8.6) to carry a drill and hold it in selected positions
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.6
drill carriage
vehicle on which one or more drill booms (3.8.5) are mounted to permit drills to be brought easily to
their work and to be removed before blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See also jumbo (3.8.8).
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.7
drill rig for soil and rock mixture
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill soil and a
mixture of soil and rock, such as: geothermal drill rig, water well drill rig, water jet drill rig, micro pile
drill rig, surface horizontal directional drill rig
3.8.8
jumbo
drill carriage (3.8.6) or mobile scaffold on which several drills of drifter (3.10.2) type are mounted
Note 1 to entry: It is used in tunnels and large headings.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.8.9
long-hole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) long production blast holes (3.3.2) in a mine
3.8.10
meshing rig
netting rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for installing net (mesh)
3.8.11
raise bore machine
RBM
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for raise boring (3.2.4)
3.8.12
raise climber
rock drill rig (3.8.15) on rails, designed for drilling (3.1.11) and blasting (3.30.1.1) vertical or near
vertical shaft or raise
3.8.13
rock boring machine
rock drill rig (3.8.15) used to create an underground opening, drift or tunnel by mechanically boring out
the rock
3.8.14
rock bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes and installing rock bolt (3.15.7)
3.8.15
rock drill rig
rock drill machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill rock
Note 1 to entry: Rock drill rigs are designed to provide one or more of the rock drilling (3.1.11) concepts of
Clause 3.1, using one or more of the rock drilling technologies of Clause 3.2. They can be designed for use on the
surface or underground or both. Rock drill rigs normally consist of a carrier carrying one or more rock drills and
the supporting systems needed to carry out the drilling.
Note 2 to entry: Machinery can be of a type either directly controlled by an operator riding or not riding on the
machine, or can be remotely controlled by wired or wireless means with or without direct view on the working
area (3.20.14). See ISO 6165:2022, Annex B for types of operator control configurations.
[SOURCE: EN 16228 1:2014]
3.8.16
rock reinforcement rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) equipped for bolting (3.5.5), meshing (3.5.3) or grouting (3.5.2) or a combination of
them
3.8.17
scaling machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to scale rock
3.8.18
wagon drill
drilling (3.1.11) machine mounted on a light, wheeled carriage
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.9 Support components and systems
3.9.1
articulated carrier machine
carrier machine (3.9.2) with an articulated frame which accomplishes the steering of the machine
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2022, 3.2.6.2, modified — “dumper” has been replaced with “carrier machine”.]
3.9.2
carrier machine
machine that provides mobility for, and supports, the mass of a rock drill rig (3.8.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 11886:2002, 3.2, modified — “piling equipment, together with the pile” has been replaced
by “rock drill rig”.]
3.9.3
hose reel
drum-like structure around which the hose is wrapped when tramming (3.16.15) the machine, on a rock
drill rig (3.8.15),
Note 1 to entry: On a rock drill rig, the winding mechanism of the reel is powered.
3.9.4
power pack
unit consisting of a power source and a means of transmitting that power to one or more functions on
a machine
Note 1 to entry: Typical power sources are diesel engine and electric motors. The typical output is hydraulic or
pneumatic.
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units
3.10.1
bolting unit
rock bolting (3.5.5) equipment on the machine
3.10.2
drifter
heavy percussive drill requiring some form of rigid mounting
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.10.3
down-the-hole hammer rock drill
DTH hammer
down-the-hole drill
cylindrical pneumatic percussive rock drill, fitted with a drill bit (3.11.1) and attached directly to the
bottom of the drill string (3.13.1) so that it can be inserted into the hole as it drills
3.10.4
front head
forward housing of a top hammer rock drill (3.10.9)
3.10.5
grouting unit
unit for mixing, pumping or injecting grout (3.15.4), cement, concrete or drilling (3.1.11) fluids, on a rock
reinforcement rig (3.8.16)
3.10.6
piston rod
element transmitting mechanical force and motion from the piston
3.10.7
rotation unit
set of gears enclosed in a housing, with a protruding threaded spindle that attaches to the drill pipes
(3.13.2), that is rotated by a hydraulic, electric or pneumatic motor
Note 1 to entry: Rotation units are used on down-the-hole drilling (DTH) (3.2.2) and some explorations drill rigs.
3.10.8
shank
internal part of a top hammer rock drill (3.10.9) to transfer energy, rotation and impact
Note 1 to entry: It is normally equipped with one threaded end and one end with splines for transfer of rotation
and percussion energy.
3.10.9
top hammer rock drill
machine that transforms hydraulic or pneumatic energy into percussive and rotary energy and
transfers it to the drill bit (3.11.1) through one or more drill rods (3.13.2), is mounted on a rock drill
cradle (3.13.21) and fed forward by a drill feed (3.13.6) along a feed beam (3.13.5)
3.10.10
top sub
short threaded tube forming the upper part of a DTH hammer (3.10.3)
3.11 Drill bits
3.11.1
bit
drill bit
device attached to, or forming an integral part of, the drill string (3.13.1), used as a cutting (3.3.4) tool to
penetrate the formation being drilled by the drilling (3.1.11) method employed
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.2.2, modified — "bit" has been added as a term and "being drilled by the
drilling method employed" in the definition has been added.]
3.11.1.1
chisel bit
percussive bit (3.11.1) having a single cutting (3.3.4) edge
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.11.1.2
cruciform bit
cross bit
percussive bit (3.11.1) having two cutting (3.3.4) edges intersecting at right angles
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 1721:1974 for standardised dimensions.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.11.1.3
fir tree bit
rotary bit (3.11.1) in which a number of cutting (3.3.4) edges are arranged behind a pilot bit to enlarge
the hole to the required diameter
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Fir tree bit
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.11.1.4
tipped bit
drill bit (3.11.1) in which the cutting (3.3.4) edge is made of especially hard material
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.11.1.5
button bit
drill bit (3.11.1) having button-like spherical, cemented carbide inserts that engage and remove the rock
during drilling (3.1.11)
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 10207:1991, Figure 7, button type, and ISO 22475-1:2021, Figure C.12.
3.11.1.6
eccentric drill bit
drill bit (3.11.1) where the cutting (3.3.4) surfaces are positioned in a non-symmetrical pattern, over the
bit face
3.11.1.7
roller bit
drill bit (3.11.1) that breaks rock by creating a shear force that fragments it as it rolls over the rock
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 22475-1:2021, Figures C.11 and C.12.
3.11.2
bit magazine
storage device on a drill rig used to hold and supply the machine with drill bits (3.11.1)
3.11.3
cutter wheel
rotating wheel with cutters mounted on its outer diameter surface
3.11.4
backreamer
cutting (3.3.4) head attached to the leading end of a drill string (3.13.1) to enlarge the pilot bore during
a pull-back operation
3.11.5
drill collar
thick-walled pipe or tube designed to provide stiffness and concentration of mass at or near the bit
[SOURCE: ISO 10407-2:2008, 3.18]
3.11.6
drill grinding
grinding of worn drill bit (3.11.1)
3.11.7
gauge wear
wear on the drill bit (3.11.1) diameter
3.12 Chuck
3.12.1
chuck
component of the drill string (3.13.1) that provides the connection to the drill rod (3.13.2) to transmit
torque (3.16.13) and thrust from the rock drill or shank (3.7.4) to the drill rod
3.12.2
deep chuck
chuck (3.12.1) type to provide overlapping connection to a drill rod (3.13.2) of 75 mm minimum
Note 1 to entry: This is typical for roof bolting (3.5.5).
3.13 Drill string
3.13.1
drill string
all components, such as drill rods (3.13.2), bit, stabilizers, etc., that are coupled together for transforming
the rotation and/or percussion energy from the drill or rotation unit (3.10.7) and are inserted into the
hole when drilling (3.1.11)
3.13.1.1
drifting drill string
arrangement of bit, rod and adapter used to drill holes when excavating horizontal transport (3.16.16)
openings or drifts in underground mining
3.13.2
drill rod
drill pipe
rod (bar) designed to transfer flushing media, rotation and percussion energy from the rock drill to the
drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: It can have either threaded or tapered ends, or integral with a drill bit at one end and a striking
surface at the other.
3.13.2.1
drifter rod
robust hexagon-shaped drill rod (3.13.2) used for drilling (3.1.11) blast holes (3.3.2) in tunnels and
mining drifts
3.13.2.2
drill rod thread
thread on a drill rod (3.13.2)
Note 1 to entry: For some standardized dimensions see ISO 10208:1991.
3.13.3
extension rod
threaded or tapered rod that transfers flushing media, rotation and percussion energy between the
rock drill and the drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: For some standardized dimensions see ISO 1721:1974, Clause 6.
3.13.4
shank adapter
rod that connects the drill string (3.13.1) to a rock drill
3.13.4.1
crossover adapter
threaded sleeve (adapter) used to connect two dissimilar threads
3.13.4.2
crossover sub
short threaded drill tube used to connect to dissimilar threads
3.13.5
feed beam
structure on which a rock drill is mounted providing linear movement to the rock drill, with all its
attachments and parts, and fitted with a rock drill cradle (3.13.21) that is connected to a hydraulic
cylinder or motor by pulleys and a cable, or by chains and sprockets
3.13.6
drill feed
mechanism for advancing the rock drill along the feed beam (3.13.5)
3.13.7
feed holder
device on which the feed (3.16.7) is mounted that allows it to move forwards and back to position it
against the rock
3.13.8
feed inclination
angle of feed (3.16.7) relative to horizontal plane
3.13.9
chain feed
rock drill feed (3.13.6) where the force applied to move the drill forwards and back is transmitted
through a roller chain
3.13.10
chain tensioner
threaded arrangement used to apply tension to the chain of a chain feed (3.13.9)
3.13.11
boom
structure for positioning of the mast (3.13.20) or feed beam (3.13.5) or boom-mounted working platform
(3.20.1)
[SOURCE: EN 16228-2:2014+A1: 2021, 3.5, modified — "or boom-mounted working platform" has been
added.]
3.13.12
boom beam
main ridged portion of a drill rig boom
3.13.13
boom extension
part of the boom (3.13.11) which is capable of telescopic movement to vary its length
3.13.14
boom bracket
fabricated structure, attached to the rig frame in such a way as to form an attachment for the boom
3.13.15
boom head
structure at the front end of the boom (3.13.11) having attachment points for hydraulic cylinders and
the rock drill feed (3.13.6)
3.13.16
boom link
device forming an articulation point in the boom
3.13.17
boom support
attachment structure for the boom
3.13.18
boom system
boom (3.13.11) with all its components and controls
3.13.19
boom walkway
walkway used mainly on long booms (3.13.11)
3.13.20
mast
structure for supporting and guiding the drilling (3.1.11) tools on large surface rock drill rigs (3.8.15)
[SOURCE: EN 16228-2:2014+A1: 2021, 3.2, modified — "on large surface rock drill rigs" has been added.]
3.13.21
drill cradle
metal channel on which a heavy rock drill is fed forward along the feed beam (3.13.5) or along the mast
(3.13.20) as drilling (3.1.11) proceeds
3.13.21.1
cradle indexer
device used to move the rock drill cradle (3.13.21)
3.13.21.2
cradle position
rock drill cradle (3.13.21) position on the feed beam (3.13.5)
3.13.22
drill rod rack
drill pipe rack
structure that holds drill rods (3.13.2) or drill pipes (3.13.2)
3.13.23
carousel
device used for storage and transport (3.16.16) of rods or pipes which rotates around an axis, and from
which the drill rods (3.13.2) or drill pipes (3.13.2) are being fed into the drill string (3.13.1)
3.13.24
jaw
device that can grip the drill rods (3.13.2) to couple and uncouple them
3.13.25
breakout wrench
device used on a rock drill rig (3.8.15) to grip and turn threaded drill tubes to uncouple them
Note 1 to entry: Common when using down-the-hole hammers.
3.13.26
vertical drill string support
device for achieving a correct collaring (3.3.3) and to guide the drill string (3.13.1) during the drilling
(3.1.11) with the objective to achieve a straight hole and temporarily supporting the drill string from
falling down the hole during adding or removal of drill sections on multi-pass or deep hole surface drill
rigs
3.13.27
horizontal drill string support
structure for supporting the free length of the drill rod (3.13.2)
3.13.28
floating adapter
threaded connector on a drill rotation unit (3.10.7), usually splined, to allow limited axial movement
when connecting and disconnecting drill rods (3.13.2)
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems
3.14.1
automatic rod handling system
system that automatically adds and removes rods to the drill string (3.13.1) without the intervention of
the operator
3.14.2
automatic bit changing system
system that automatically exchanges drill bits (3.11.1) without the intervention of the operator
3.14.3
mechanical rod handling system
system that allows the operator to add and remove rods to the drill string (3.13.1) without coming
directly in contact with the drill string
3.14.4
mechanical bit handling system
system that allows the operator to exchange drill bits (3.11.1) without coming directly in contact with
the drill string (3.13.1)
3.14.5
powered break out system
system that obviates the need to use hand tools in the break out operation
3.15 Rock support components
3.15.1
bolt magazine
storage magazine (3.25.1.9) on a rock bolting (3.5.5) drill rig used to hold a number of rock bolts (3.15.7)
3.15.2
cable bolt
bolt made of steel-wire rope
3.15.3
cement grout
mixture of cement, water, and, in some cases, admixtures
[SOURCE: ISO 16311-4:2014, 3.2]
3.15.4
grout
mixture of cement, bentonite or other additive and water
3.15.5
measuring bolt
rock bolt (3.15.7) that can be equipped with an instrument for measuring, e.g. stress or deformation in
the bolt material
3.15.6
polymer grout
polymer based mixture that hardens
Note 1 to entry: Mainly resin or polyester based curing liquid substances for rock consolidation or rock
reinforcement.
3.15.7
rock bolt
bolt for anchoring in solid rock to stabilise the rock
Note 1 to entry: Examples of bolts are solid steel bar, hollow steel bar, steel cable. The bolts may be grouted
(3.15.4) with, for example, cement, resin or plastic.
Note 2 to entry: There exist rock bolts that can be equipped with an instrument for measuring, e.g. stress or
deformation, in the bolt material.
3.15.8
rock bolt washer
washer on rock bolt (3.15.7) for transfer of force from rock to bolt
3.16 Movement and force
3.16.1
auto-feed
feed (3.16.7) function that advances the rock drill at a set rate
3.16.2
boom lift
up and downward movement of the boom (3.13.11)
3.16.3
boom rotation
angle, in degrees, from the longitudinal axis of the machine to the longitudinal centre of the boom
(3.13.11) at maximum swing position
3.16.4
boom swing
right and left movement of the boom (3.13.11)
3.16.5
breakout
action of loosening the threaded joints between drill string (3.13.1) components such as drill rod (3.13.2),
drill bit (3.11.1) or any other subs
3.16.6
cradle index
movement of the drill cradle (3.13.21) laterally
3.16.7
feed
move a drill string (3.13.1) to cause the bit to cut and penetrate the formation being drilled
3.16.8
feed extension
linear movement of the feed (3.16.7) to extend and retract its length
3.16.9
feed force
force acting on the rock drill in the drilling (3.1.11) direction
3.16.10
feed swing
rotational movement of the feed beam (3.13.5)
3.16.11
penetration rate
speed at which a bit advances while drilling (3.1.11)
3.16.12
rig stabiliser
device and system used to stabilise the machine by supporting or levelling of the complete structure
EXAMPLE Jacks, suspension locking devices, outriggers, extending axles.
[SOURCE: EN 16228-1:2014, 3.37]
3.16.13
torque
rock drill rotational torque
[SOURCE: ISO 22476-15:2016, 3.9, modified — “drill head” has been replaced by “rock drill”.]
3.16.14
track contact area
area of the crawler track that is in contact with the ground
3.16.15
tramming
short movements of a rock drill rig (3.8.15) in drilling (3.1.11) condition on site
3.16.15.1
cornering
tramming (3.16.15) of the rock drill rig (3.8.15) with the carrier steered and boom(s) turned maximum
to the allowed angle defined by the manufacturer in the operator’s manual
3.16.15.2
sweep radius
outer radius, R, of the turning circle for a rock drill rig (3.8.15) with booms (3.13.11) in tramming
(3.16.15)
3.16.16
transport
move the rock drill rig (3.8.15) by trailer, ship, etc.
3.16.17
travelling
moving of the rock drill rig (3.8.15) in non-operating condition
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist
3.17.1
hoist
machine for lifting and lowering loads, freely suspended or guided or supported on inclined planes,
over predetermined distances, with or without trolleys
Note 1 to entry: For examples see EN 14492-2:2019, Annex A.
[SOURCE: EN 14492-2:2019, 3.1.9]
3.17.2
recovery winch
machine installed on the carrier machine (3.9.2) for the purpose of self-recovery
3.17.3
main winch
hoist (3.17.1) installed on a machine for the purpose of lifting the drill string (3.13.1)
3.17.4
service winch
hoist (3.17.1) installed on a machine for the purpose of lifting drill pipes (3.13.2), rock drill, rotation unit
(3.10.7) and other tools or equipment
3.17.5
survey winch
hoist (3.17.1) installed on a machine for the purpose of lower survey and probe equipment
Note 1 to entry: The holes are normally dry.
3.17.6
tramming winch
machine installed on the carrier machine (3.9.2) for the purpose of tramming (3.16.15)
3.17.7
wireline winch
hoist (3.17.1) installed on a machine for the purpose of recovering the core sample down the hole
Note 1 to entry: The hole is filled with water or other liquids.
3.18 Flushing
3.18.1
flushing medium
liquid or gaseous medium used to move collarings (3.3.3) or samples and to lubricate and cool the
drilling (3.1.11) tool from the borehole
Note 1 to entry: It is normally water or air or a combination of both.
3.18.2
flush pump
pump used to pump flushing fluid into a hole during drilling (3.1.11) to remove the rock cutting (3.3.4)
3.18.3
water swivel
flush head
water coupling
means by which flushing water can be fed into a hollow drill rod (3.7.1) or stem (3.7.5) as it rotates
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.19 Drill dust suppression
3.19.1
cyclone dust collector
apparatus for the separation, by centrifugal means, of fine particles suspended in the air
Note 1 to entry: It is a dust separator or droplet separator of cylindrical or conical form, used for the removal of
particles from the air, mainly utilizing the centrifugal force produced by the air flow
[SOURCE: ISO 1213-1:2020, 6.4.4, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.19.2
mist
stream of liquid in the form of very small drops
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 27912:2016, 3.40]
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station
3.20.1
boom-mounted working platform
working platform used for raising or lowering personnel, consisting of a platform fitted onto an
articulated or telescopic boom (3.13.11)
[SOURCE: EN 16228-2:2014+A1: 2021, 3.7]
3.20.2
elevating operator station
operator station (3.20.4) that can be elevated
3.20.3
elevating operator enclosure
operator enclosure (3.20.5) that can be elevated
3.20.4
operator station
area on-bo
...