CEN - European Committee for Standardization

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of n-butyl phenyl ether (BPE, CAS: 1126-79-0, also known as butoxy-benzene) in gas oils, kerosene, diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The method uses a two-column gas chromatograph with an FID-type of detector. The application range is 0,1 mg/l to 21,25 mg/l of BPE, with a limit of detection of 0,05 mg/l.
NOTE   This corresponds to 1 % to 150 % of the average marking level of the ACCUTRACE™ Plus required by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/197 [1] of 17 January 2022 establishing a common fiscal marker for gas oils and kerosene.
The method is found to be applicable to determinations beyond this range or for specific other chemical markers that fall within the distillation temperature range of middle-distillates, but for that no precision has been determined.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ISO/IEC 24760-2:2015
provides guidelines for the implementation of systems for the management of identity information, and
specifies requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management.
ISO/IEC 24760-2:2015 is applicable to any information system where information relating to identity is processed or stored.

ISO/IEC 24760-3:2016 provides guidance for the management of identity information and for ensuring that an identity management system conforms to ISO/IEC 24760-1 and ISO/IEC 24760-2.
ISO/IEC 24760-3:2016 is applicable to an identity management system where identifiers or PII relating to entities are acquired, processed, stored, transferred or used for the purposes of identifying or authenticating entities and/or for the purpose of decision making using attributes of entities. Practices for identity management can also be addressed in other standards.

This document defines terms for identity management, and specifies core concepts of identity and identity management and their relationships.
It is applicable to any information system that processes identity information.

This document is intended for the validation of codes used for the calculation of doses received by individuals on board aircraft. It gives guidance to radiation protection authorities and code developers on the basic functional requirements which the code fulfils.
Depending on any formal approval by a radiation protection authority, additional requirements concerning the software testing can apply.

This document classifies polymer-based crown and veneering materials used in dentistry and specifies their requirements. It also specifies the test methods to be used to determine conformity to these requirements.
This document is applicable to polymer-based crown and veneering materials for laboratory-fabricated permanent veneers or crowns. It also applies to polymer-based dental crown and veneering materials for which the manufacturer claims adhesion to the substructure without macro-mechanical retention such as beads or wires.

TC origin - editorial modifications to Table 8

This document provides a summary of material designations, compositions and the product forms in which they are available, for coppers and copper alloys standardized in European Standards by CEN/TC 133 "Copper and copper alloys".

ISO 14096-2:2005 specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The selected class depends on the radiation energy, penetrated material thickness and the quality level of the original radiographic film. ISO 14096-2:2005 does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data.

ISO 14096-1:2005 specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve. They can be integrated into the system software and together with a standard reference film used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a spatial resolution down to 25 micrometres, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 x 430) mm2. This standard does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors.

This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions by gravimetric measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aeration and temperature of the composting vessel.
The method applies to the following materials:
—          natural and/or synthetic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of these;
—          plastic materials that contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants;
—          water-soluble polymers;
—          materials that, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the inoculum.
If the test material inhibits microorganisms in the inoculum, another type of mature compost or pre-exposure compost can be used.

This draft European Standard specifies a test method for determining the (splitting) indirect tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures.
NOTE   Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens in accordance with EN 12697-12 is based on determination of the indirect tensile strength in accordance with this test method.

ISO/TS 17574:2017 provides guidelines for preparation and evaluation of security requirements specifications, referred to as Protection Profiles (PP) in ISO/IEC 15408 (all parts) and in ISO/IEC TR 15446.
By Protection Profile (PP), it means a set of security requirements for a category of products or systems that meet specific needs. A typical example would be a PP for On-Board Equipment (OBE) to be used in an EFC system. However, the guidelines in this document are superseded if a Protection Profile already exists for the subsystem in consideration.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the content of cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead in fertilizers with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after extraction with aqua regia. Limits of quantification are dependent on the sample matrix as well as on the instrument, but can roughly be expected to be 0,3 mg/kg for Cd and 1 mg/kg for Cr, Ni and Pb.
NOTE   Due to significant interference from Cu, Fe and Mn, no valid results can be reported using this method for fertilizer matrices containing high concentrations (>/= 10 %) of these micro-nutrients.

ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization:
a)    needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and
b)    aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
All the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides.

ISO/IEC 19788 specifies metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. ISO/IEC 19788-2:2011 provides a base-level data element set for the description of learning resources, from the ISO 15836:2009 Dublin Core metadata element set, using the framework provided in ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011. Those data elements being cast into the metadata learning resources framework can be used with data elements defined in other parts, in order to address specific user communities' needs for extensions, modularization or refinement.

This European Standard is applicable to ozone used for treatment of water intended for human consumption.
It describes the characteristics of ozone and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods
for ozone. It gives information on its use in water treatment.

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of ground power equipment, when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorised representative. It also takes into account some performance requirements recognised as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and service companies.
This European Standard applies to:
-   ground power units either self-propelled or towable (Examples see Annex A);
-   ground power equipment when mounted on other GSE;
-   ground power accessories intended for ground power equipment (including accessories for fixed equipment).
This European Standard does not apply to:
-   the electrical characteristics of the supply, the type of power supply system and related measures against contact;
-   any electrical supply system not intended for aircraft use;
-   the on-board electrical system of the aircraft.
This European Standard does not establish requirements for noise and vibration.
Noise and vibration are dealt with respectively in EN 1915 4 and EN 1915 3.
This European Standard does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other vehicles on the apron.
This Part of EN 12312 is not applicable to ground power equipment which is manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.
This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4.

This Part of EN 1915 specifies the conditions to be taken into consideration when calculating the strength and the stability of GSE according to EN 1915-1 and the EN 12312 series under intended use conditions. It also specifies general test methods.
NOTE   The methods given in this standard demonstrate one way of achieving an acceptable safety level. Methods that produce comparable results may be used.
This Part of EN 1915 does not establish additional requirements for the following:
-   operation elsewhere than in an airport environment;
-   operation in severe conditions, e.g. ambient temperature below -20  C or over 50  C, tropical or saturated salty atmospheric environment;
-   hazards caused by wind velocity in excess of the figures given in this European Standard;
-   earthquake, flood, landslide, lightning and more generally any natural catastrophe.
This Part of EN 1915 is not applicable to GSE which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this Standard.

This European Standard deals with whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing and/or seated on freely moveable GSE, when driving for purposes of type evaluation, declaration and methods of verifying vibration emission.
The test results are not applicable to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons.
This European Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of EN 1915, and with the relevant part of EN 12312.

This Technical Report specifies a laboratory method of determining the pentachlorophenol content of wood. The method is applicable to all types of PCP- treated wood and wood-based materials as well as for the analysis of waste timber with respect to its PCP content.
The method has a quantification limit corresponding to 100 µg PCP per kilogram of wood material expressed as dry matter. The method described has a measurement range up to PCP contents of 25 mg/kg of dry matter. These figures refer to the given example (where an aliquot of 1 ml of the extract is used for acetylation, see 8.4).
NOTE 1   If lower quantification limits are required, a higher volume of extract aliquot can be used for derivatisation.
NOTE 2    This method could have some modifications with some wood species as hardwoods.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for oil lamps used in households, in restaurants, in recreational facilities and in similar areas for decorative purposes and to create an atmospheric illumination. The standard does not apply to oil lamps for industrial purposes (e.g. securing of roadbuilding sites). The purpose of the standard is to minimise the risk of accidental poisoning of small children up to 3 years of age by limiting the accessibility to the lamp oil.

This standard specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling and the preparation of the test specimens, also the conditions for performing the low temperature tensile test perpendicular to the weld in order to determine the low temperature tensile welding factor.  A low temperature tensile test may be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile creep, macro, ...) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.  The low temperature tensile welding factor and the appearance of the fracture surface provide a guide regarding the ductility of the joint and the quality of the work.

This document specifies performance and safety requirements for abandonment suits and suit systems in emergency situations for professional and leisure activities to protect the user against the effects of cold-water immersion, by reducing cold shock and delaying the onset of hypothermia.
If a suit system includes a personal flotation device (PFD), it provides protection against drowning.
This document is applicable to dry and wet abandonment suits.
This document does not apply to constant wear suits. Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:2026.
Test methods for immersion suits are given in ISO 15027-3:2026.

This part of EN 16905 specifies the safety requirements, the safety test conditions and the safety test methods of gas-fired endothermic engine driven heat pumps for heating and/or cooling mode including the engine heat recovery, to be used outdoors.
This document specifies minimum operating requirements which ensure that the products are fit for the use designated by the manufacturer when used for space heating and/or cooling.
This document is used in conjunction with:
a)   the terms and conditions, EN 16905-1:2023;
b)   the test conditions, EN 16905-3:2024;
c)   the test methods, EN 16905-4:2026;
d)   the calculation of seasonal performances in heating and cooling mode, EN 16905-5:2022;
e)   the heat pump, EN 14511-4:2022, EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020, EN 378-2:2016, EN 378 3:2016+A1:2020, EN 378-4:2016+A1:2019 and EN 14825:2022;
f)   electrical safety, EN 60335-1:2012, EN 60335-2-102:2016, EN 60335-2-40:2003 and EN 60204 1:2018.
This document only applies to GEHP appliances with a maximum heat input (based on net calorific value) not exceeding 70 kW at standard rating conditions.
This document only applies to GEHP appliances under categories I2H, I2E, I2Er, I2R, I2E(S)B, I2L, I2LL, I2ELL, I2E(R)B, I2ESi, I2E(R), I3P, I3B, I3B/P, II2H3+, II2Er3+, II2H3B/P, II2L3B/P, II2E3B/P, II2ELL3B/P, II2L3P, II2H3P, II2E3P and II2Er3P according to EN 437:2021.
This document only applies to GEHP appliances:
a)   that have gas fired endothermic engines under the control of fully automatic control systems;
b)   that have closed system refrigerant circuits in which the refrigerant does not come into direct contact with the fluid to be cooled or heated;
c)   where the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the heating system (heating water circuit) does not exceed 105 °C during normal operation;
d)   where the maximum operating pressure in the:
1)   heating water circuit (if installed) does not exceed 6 bar;
2)   domestic hot water circuit (if installed) does not exceed 10 bar.
This document is applicable to GEHP appliances only when used for space heating or space cooling or for refrigeration, with or without heat recovery.
NOTE   This document provides requirements for GEHP appliances with known constructions. For GEHP appliances with any alternative constructions, which are not fully be covered by this standard, the risk associated with this alternative construction needs to be assessed.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for learning towers for domestic use that are intended to raise children to allow them to carry out tasks on kitchen worktops, bathroom sinks, etc. in a standing position.
If the learning tower has additional functions or can be converted into other products, the relevant European Standards may apply.

This document specifies strategies for risk estimation and evaluation of biological harms with respect to:
genotoxicity;
carcinogenicity;
reproductive toxicity; and
developmental toxicity.
This document is applicable when the need to evaluate a medical device for potential genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity has been established.
This document is not applicable to active pharmaceutical ingredients of device-drug combination products or biological components of device-biologic combination products which are covered by regulations.
NOTE            Guidance on selecting relevant biological effects for medical devices is covered in ISO 10993-1.

This document specifies performance and safety requirements for constant wear suits and suit systems for professional and leisure activities to protect the user against the effects of cold-water immersion, by reducing cold shock and delaying the onset of hypothermia.
If a suit system includes a personal flotation device (PFD), it provides protection against drowning.
This document is applicable to dry and wet constant wear suits and suit systems.
This document does not apply to abandonment suits. Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:2026.
Test methods for immersion suits are given in ISO 15027-3:2026.

This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the carotenoid content in microalgae. This method is based on the principles of chlorophyll a determination described in EN 18034. This method has been validated for the microalgae species Nannochloropsis and Phaodactylum. This standard is only validated for betacarotene and fucoxanthin but could be used for other carotenoids as well. Given small adaptations to be able to measure smaller concentrations, this method could also be
used for macro algae.
NOTE this method has been validated in an interlaboratory study for the following carotenoids for levels of approximately 0.1 to 10 mg/g by weight:
• beta carotene;
• fucoxanthin.
For the validation, the following matrices were used:
• Nannochloropsis sp .;
• Phaedactylum.
For detailed information on the validation, see Clause 9 and Annex C. Additionally, lutein was tested and Saccharina latissima was used as an additional matrix. However, these results could not be validated. The results of these studies have been included in informative Annex D.

This document specifies the requirements, test methods and test conditions for the rating and performance calculation of gas-fired endothermic engine driven heat pumps for heating and/or cooling mode including the engine heat recovery, to be used outdoor.
This document specifies the test conditions, tests methods and seasonal performances calculation methods.
This document only applies to appliances with a maximum heat input (based on net calorific value) not exceeding 70 kW at standard rating conditions.
This document only applies to appliances under categories I2H, I2E, I2Er, I2R, I2E(S)B, I2L, I2LL, I2ELL, I2E(R)B, I2ESi, I2E(R), I3P, I3B, I3B/P, II2H3+, II2Er3+, II2H3B/P, II2L3B/P, II2E3B/P, II2ELL3B/P, II2L3P, II2H3P, II2E3P and II2Er3P according to EN 437:2021.
This document only applies to appliances having:
a)   gas fired endothermic engines under the control of fully automatic control systems;
b)   closed system refrigerant circuits in which the refrigerant does not come into direct contact with the fluid to be cooled or heated;
c)   where the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the heating system (heating water circuit) does not exceed 105 °C during normal operation;
d)   where the maximum operating pressure in the:
1)   heating water circuit (if installed) does not exceed 6 bar;
2)   domestic hot water circuit (if installed) does not exceed 10 bar.
This document applies to GEHP appliances only when used for space heating or space cooling or for refrigeration, with or without heat recovery.
This document is applicable to GEHP appliances that are intended to be type tested. Requirements for GEHP appliances that are not type tested would need to be subject to further consideration.

This document specifies performance requirements and test methods for neck laceration protectors for use in ice hockey.
This document is applicable to neck laceration protectors worn by
ice hockey players, including goalkeepers, and
referees.
This document does not address protection of the neck from the impact of pucks, sticks or other objects.

This document specifies the characteristics of screws, 100° countersunk normal head, offset cruciform recess, threaded to head, in titanium alloy, anodized, with aluminium pigmented coating, metric series.
Classification: 1 100 MPa /315 °C .

This document describes a methodology for specifying the privileges necessary to access electronic health record (EHR) data. This methodology forms part of the overall EHR communications architecture defined in ISO 13606-1 [17].
This document seeks to address those requirements uniquely pertaining to EHR communications and to represent and communicate EHR-specific information that will inform an access decision. It also refers to general security requirements that apply to EHR communications and points to technical solutions and standards that specify details on services meeting these security needs.
NOTE            Security requirements for EHR systems not related to the communication of EHRs are outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies a procedure for determining hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH) activity in poultry meat samples by spectrophotometry. The results provide an indication of whether poultry breast meat has been previously frozen, based on the ratio of relative HADH activity, and can be used to verify the labelling of poultry breast meat sold as chilled poultry.
This document is applicable specifically to chicken breast meat. It is not applicable to other cuts and/or types of meat unless these have been validated and appropriate limits have been established.
When following the procedure outlined in this document, for a single sample pressing results in 96,6 % of samples being correctly classified. If a correct classification rate of 99,9 % is required, three sample pressings are necessary; i.e. three chicken breasts (one pressing from each), selected randomly from a batch.
This document is not applicable to minced meat or to poultry preparations.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the qualification, acceptance, delivery and inspection of standard parts by the aerospace industry and its manufacturers.
This document is valid for standard parts and their assemblies as described in a product standard, if mentioned therein. This specification can also be applied to other parts when specifically invoked by the terms of delivery.
Parts/sections of this document are not applicable in cases where the product standard stipulates requirements that differ from this specification.

This document provides requirements for subsurface flow-control devices used in side-pocket mandrels intended for use in the worldwide petroleum and natural gas industry. This document addresses injection-pressure-operated (IPO), production-pressure-operated (PPO), pilot, orifice, tubing-retrievable, and dummy flow-control devices. It includes requirements for selecting, designing, manufacturing, quality control, testing, and preparation for the shipping of flow-control devices. Additionally, it includes information regarding performance testing and calibration requirements.
The installation and retrieval of flow-control devices is outside the scope of this document. Additionally, this document is not applicable to flow-control devices with concentric axes.
This document does not include requirements for side-pocket mandrels, running, pulling, kick-over tools, or latches. Reconditioning of used flow-control devices is outside the scope of this document.
This document supplements API Spec 19G2, 2nd edition (2020), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.

This document specifies requirements for the safety of children's sleep bags which are used in the children's sleeping environment (i.e. not under supervision) and designed to provide sufficient warmth so as to remove the need for additional bedding when sleeping in a cot or similar product (e.g. crib/cradle) in which a child is contained. It is applicable to products for use by children up to the age of 24 months.
NOTE   Requirements of this document are not relevant when sleep bags are used for children over the age of 24 months or when they have the ability to climb out of a cot or sleep in a bed.
This document does not apply to products
-   designed for use during the care of premature children, or
-   designed for children of low birthweight (i.e. lower than 2,5 kg - see B.1), or
-   designed for medical settings or for children with special medical needs (see B.1), or
-   for outdoor use or to products designed to keep a child warm in a pushchair (e.g. foot muff) (see B.1), or
-   for use in a car restraint system for children (see B.1).
If a part of the children's sleep bag is designed to offer additional function (e.g. play function, swaddling functions), this part will, in addition to the following requirements, be subjected to safety requirements related to relevant standards (see B.1).

This document specifies the characteristics of bolts, 100° countersunk normal head, offset cruciform recess, coarse tolerance normal shank, medium length thread, in alloy steel, cadmium plated.
Classification: 1 100 MPa /235 °C .

This document specifies the required characteristics of sealing plugs, class T, for use in elements of electrical and optical connection containing cable (wire) sealing grommets, according to EN 4529-002. It is used together with EN 4529-001.

This document specifies the characteristics of bolts, shouldered, thin hexagonal head, close tolerance shank, short thread, in titanium alloy, anodized, MoS2 dryfilm coated, for aerospace applications.
Classification: 1 100 MPa1/315 °C2..

This document specifies Type S1 software measurement standards, reference data, and Type S2 software measurement standards, reference software, for verifying the software of measuring instruments. It also specifies the surface data file (SDF) format of Type S1 software measurement standards for the calibration of instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile and areal method as defined in the profile and areal surface texture chain of standards, the chain links F and G.
The SDF format applies to profile and areal topography measurement data extracted with an orthogonal grid (see ISO 14406:2010, 5.2) and equidistant sampling intervals, regardless of the measurement principle.
NOTE            Throughout this document, the terms “reference data” and “reference software” are used as substitutes for software measurement standards of Type S1 and Type S2, respectively. In practice, “reference data” is sometimes referred to as “software gauge” or “softgauge”.

This document specifies interoperability requirements for personal health decision support (PHDS) services between actors in the PHDS environment, which include PHDS services, data providers, and PHDS clients. It includes requirements for data exchange, validation, and error handling among participants to support accurate and timely decision-making. It also describes the privacy and security considerations for PHDS. However, the specifics of how PHDS services are developed or implemented are not covered.

This document gives guidance on the general procedures in the sampling and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and preservative-treated timber.
This document is applicable to the provision of appropriate samples for analysis which can be used to check the content of active and other ingredients in preservative formulations, and the content of active and other ingredients of wood preservatives in treated timber, either before, during or after the service life of the timber.
NOTE 1   Methods of sampling creosote and creosote-treated timber are described in other standards: EN 1014-1, EN 1014-2 and EN 12490.
NOTE 2   No attempt has been made in this document to lay down detailed procedures to be adopted for control purposes at manufacturing plants where large volumes of preservatives are sampled. Nor does it attempt to establish procedures for checking the compliance of batches of treated timber with specifications demanding a defined level of treatment (see 6.2).

This document provides an overview description for the recommended processes for archiving of model-based product data, (e.g. 3D CAD and PDM data). The detailed processes are described in additional process parts of the EN 9300 series.

This document specifies the procedures for determining the static and pressure bleed of fresh concrete.
The tests are suitable for specimens having a declared value of the coarsest fraction of aggregates used in concrete (Dmax) not greater than 40 mm. It can be carried out in the laboratory or on site.

This document applies to decorative, automatically controlled fireplaces for domestic use, producing a flame using liquid alcohol, hereafter referred to as fuel, for decoration.
NOTE 1   The requirements outlined in this document can be applied even outside domestic settings. In that case additional or different rules on the use of the fireplaces can apply.
This document applies to decorative fireplaces that do not require manual user interaction during normal operation. These fireplaces include electric or electronic components that control the basic operation (incl. automatic filling system).
NOTE 2   These components control the safe operation and avoid hazards such as:
—   Fuel spillage while filling
—   Overfilling
—   Fuel explosion while igniting
—   Accidental ignition while refilling
—   Overheating
—   Unsuccessful extinguishing
The document applies only to fireplaces for use in indoor areas.
This document applies to free-standing, wall-mounted and built-in fireplaces.
This document applies to fireplaces ready for use, whose burner is an integral component of the fireplace.
This document does not apply to fireplaces specifically designed for heating food or keeping food warm (rechauds), as well as to fireplaces for use in boats, caravans, other.
This document does not apply to fireplaces with declared heating function.
This document does not apply to fireplaces, that are connected to a flue.
NOTE 3   Because of the safety component of automatically operated fireplaces this scope is not limited to a specific heat output or fuel consumption. Regarding heat output limits, national legislation can apply.

The purpose of this document is to define data communication services and protocols for computer equipment used for monitoring and control of HVAC&R and other building systems and to define, in addition, an abstract, object-oriented representation of information communicated between such equipment, thereby facilitating the application and use of digital control technology in buildings.

This document specifies the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain:
—   Terms and definitions;
—   Requirements for the presentation of raw hides and skins.
It is applicable to fresh and salted bovine hides and skins.
It outlines the opening cut and trim of hides and skins and the types of defects typically associated with this raw material.
NOTE 1 Opening cut and trim vary from country to country.
It shows which parts of hides and skins can be used for leather production and which factors influence the quality of hides and skins.
Furthermore, it gives recommendations on precautions to be taken for transport, preservation, loading and unloading.
NOTE 2 For commercial agreements between the buyer and the supplier of hides and skins, operators use the INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT No. 6 – HIDES and SKINS as drawn up by the International Council of Hides, Skins and Leather Traders Associations (ICHSLTA) and the International Council of Tanners (ICT) [1].