CEN - European Committee for Standardization

This document contains the general safety philosophy and a guideline on safety assessment that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards.
It also contains an Annex A with a collection of available anthropometric data and details of the abilities of children from birth to 48 months of age.
The general safety philosophy given in this part is based on the principle that child care articles should be designed to be safe.
Children with special needs have not been taken into account while drafting these guidelines. ISO/IEC Guide 71 can be consulted to ascertain any further requirements to address the hazards and risks associated with children with special needs.
These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products, inadequate supervision of children and products used in a non-domestic situation.
Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the product are fully addressed, e.g. hygiene, the effects of electrical power etc., where other safety standards can apply.

1.1   This document specifies safety and hygiene requirements for the design and manufacture of bowl lifting and tilting machines (see description in Annex A) which:
a)   are intended to be used in bakeries and pastry shops for discharging masses of dough and/or ingredients for bakery and/or pastry products all at once or progressively tipping a container or a machine with non-removable container by lifting and/or tilting it according to a guided path;
b)   are intended to be used with manual inlet and outlet of the bowl.
NOTE   b) does not refer to machines with integrated mixing machine with non-removable bowl.
The lifting and tilting machines can be equipped with a scraper (optional) for removing the rests of dough from the bowl after the dough has been discharged.
1.2   The following relevant hazards are not covered by this document:
-   hazards due to the mixing process (for dough mixers see EN 453:2014 and for planetary mixers see EN 454:2014);
-   hazards associated to the properties of the content of the bowl (except the mass);
-   hazards due to operational stop;
-   hazards due to failure of the power supply;
-   hazards due to laser radiation;
-   hazards due to machinery maintenance;
-   hazards due to information and information devices;
-   hazards due to materials and products;
-   hazards due to lack of design of the machine to facilitate its handling;
-   hazards due to lack of stability during transport, assembly and disassembly;
-   hazards due to pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and chains.
This document does not deal with any specific requirements on noise emitted from bowl lifting and tilting machines as the generated noise does not cause a relevant hazard.
The significant hazards covered by this document are described in Annex B.
1.3   The following machines are excluded from the scope of this document:
a)   experimental and testing machines under development by the manufacturer;
b)   self-propelled movable bowl lifting and tilting machines;
c)   lift trucks;
d)   bowl lifting and tilting machines working in automatic production lines where the initiation of the movement is not due to a human voluntary action;
e)   domestic appliances.
In case of a movable machine, this document does not deal with:
-   hazards due to transportation of bowls with the machine;
-   hazards due to the displacement of the machine on its own wheels;
-   powered equipment that may be provided to assist the mobility of mobile bowl lifting and tilting machine.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the machines are not intended to be cleaned with water and steam jets.
1.4   This document is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document.
This document is not applicable to machines which have been manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document defines a test method to permit a classification according to EN 13123-1:2025 for explosion resistance of windows, doors, shutters as well as curtain walling elements, complete with their frames, infills and fixings. This document gives no information on the ability of the surrounding wall or building structure to resist the direct or transmitted forces.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the relaxed elastic modulus of light conveyor belts according to ISO 21183-1 or other conveyor belts where ISO 9856 does not apply.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the maximum tensile strength of light conveyor belts, according to ISO 21183-1, or of other conveyor belts where ISO 283 is not applicable.

This document specifies ranges, construction, performances, output characteristics and testing of rotary displacement gas meters (hereinafter referred to as RD meters or simply meters) for gas volume measurement.
This document applies to rotary displacement gas meters used to measure the volume of fuel gases of at least the 1st, 2nd and 3rd gas families, the composition of which is specified in EN 437:2021, at a maximum working pressure up to and including 20 bar over an ambient and gas temperature range of at least −10 °C to +40 °C.
This document applies to meters that are installed in locations with vibration and shocks of low significance (class M1) and in
-   closed locations (indoor or outdoor with protection) with condensing or with non-condensing humidity
or,
-   open locations (outdoor without any covering) with condensing humidity or with non-condensing humidity,
and in locations with electromagnetic disturbances (class E1 and E2). The standard applies to mechanical meters with mechanical index, electronic devices are not covered by this standard.
Unless otherwise specified in this standard:
-   all pressures used are gauge;
-   all influence quantities, except the one under test, are kept relatively constant at their reference value.
This document applies to meters with a maximum allowable pressure PS and the volume V of less than 6 000 bar · L or with a product of PS and DN of less than 3 000 bar.
This document is to be used for both pattern approval and individual meter testing. Cross-reference tables are given in:
-   Annex A for the tests that need to be undertaken for pattern approval;
-   Annex B for individual meter testing.
Some parts of this standard cover meters with mechanical index only.
The risk philosophy adopted in this standard is based on the analysis of hazards including pressure. The standard applies principles to eliminate or reduce hazards. Where these hazards cannot be eliminated appropriate protection measures are specified.

This document provides guidance information on thermal hazards that are taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child care articles. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.

This document specifies the classification, requirements and test methods for endodontic sealing materials used in dentistry.
This document is applicable to materials used for conventional orthograde endodontic sealing (Type 1) and materials used for other endodontic sealing procedures including apexification, perforation filling, resorption treatment or retrograde root-end filling (Type 2).
The Type 2 endodontic sealing materials may be used for vital pulp therapy. However, this document does not address or include requirements for vital pulp therapy.
This document does not specify requirements or test methods for sterility.
NOTE 1        Reference to applicable national regulations and internationally accepted pharmacopeias can be made.
NOTE 2        National requirements regarding sterilization processes, if available, can be used. Standards on methods of validating sterilization processes are also available: ISO 11737-1, ISO 11737-2 and ISO 11737-3.

document specifies the terms and definitions, the test conditions and the test methods of air-sourced
and water-cooled roof-top units, driven by electric compressor(s), which may be equipped with a
supplementary heater using electrical resistance or combustion of fossil fuel.
This document covers roof-top units with 2, 3 or 4 dampers, including several features as the free-cooling,
mixing air flows (on both sides) and heat recovery.
This document deals with roof-top units providing space heating and/or cooling for comfort application.
Process applications are not covered by this document.
This document provides the part load conditions and the calculation methods taking into account roof-top
units features for the determination of seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon, seasonal space
cooling energy efficiency ηs,c, seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet,
seasonal space heating energy efficiency ηs,h and the overall annual efficiency.
Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values.
In case of measured values, this document covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER
and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for the
determination of power input during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off-mode and crankcase heater
mode.
A roof-top unit that is not using at least the thermodynamic cycle for space heating is considered as a
cooling only unit.
Roof-top units equipped with additional air heating and/or cooling heat exchangers will be rated without
operation of these heat exchangers.

This document specifies a test method to determine the resistance of coatings to a specified cycle of wet (salt fog)/dry/humidity/UV light conditions using a specified solution.

This document gives guidance on the issues related to the conformity assessment of explosives manufactured on-site.
On one hand, it specifies requirements to be considered for the assessment during the design phase of the explosive and a simple and robust approach to follow for the assessment of the conformity in the production phase.
And on the other hand, it specifies requirements for the mobile manufacturing units and their accessories as a contribution to the guarantee of the conformity of explosives produced in on-site conditions with no access to a laboratory.
This document gives guidance on also basic requirements for explosives loading equipment.
This document does not apply to the preparation of multi-component explosives as they neither require manufacturing equipment nor mechanical loading.
NOTE 1   This document does not address the requirements of the transport of dangerous goods regulations.
NOTE 2   This document does not address the requirements established in Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery).
NOTE 3   Despite the provisions given in this document, other provisions provided for in state, federal or local regulations apply.
NOTE 4   The intention of this document is not to hinder the development and use of new technologies (including equipment and processes) for the on-site manufacture of explosive, but because of limited access to testing resources on site, the approach consisting of having specified requirements for the equipment is valid to ensure the conformity of future products and technologies.

This document specifies a method for determining the colour fastness to perspiration of leather of all kinds at all stages of processing. It applies particularly to gloving, clothing and lining leathers, as well as leather for the uppers of unlined shoes.

This document applies to shell boilers with volumes in excess of 2 l for the generation of steam and/or hot water at a maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar and with a temperature in excess of 110 °C.
For the purpose of this document the following pressurized parts are included:
—   the shell boiler as one entity of pressure equipment including all the pressure parts from the feedwater/hot water inlet (including the inlet valve) up to and including the steam/hot water outlet (including the outlet valve or, if there is no valve, the first circumferential weld or flange downstream of the shell boiler or if applicable the outlet header);
—   all superheaters, economizers and interconnecting piping;
—   additionally, the piping that is connected to the boiler involved in services such as draining, venting, desuperheating, etc., up to the first isolating valve or, if there is no valve, the first circumferential weld or flange downstream of the shell boiler or if applicable the outlet header/piping.
This document does not apply to the following types of boilers and equipments:
a)   water-tube boilers;
b)   non stationary boilers, e.g. locomotive boilers;
c)   thermal oil boilers;
d)   boilers where the main pressure housing is made of cast material;
e)   pumps, gaskets, etc;
f)   brickwork setting and insulation, etc.
NOTE 1   Further information on shell boilers is given in Annex A.
NOTE 2   Stainless steel boilers are covered by EN 14222:2021.

This document provides guidance information on chemical hazards that are taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child care articles. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement, under three-point or four-point bend at room temperature. This document is applicable to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional xD with (2 < x ≤ 3) as defined in ISO 19634, loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

This document specifies test methods for determining the dynamic and static coefficients of friction for light conveyor belts according to ISO 21183-1.

This European Standard specifies the following materials for the pressure bearing parts of shell boilers and equipment of shell boilers (e.g. valves), subjected to internal and external pressure including integral attachments (non pressure bearing parts):
—   flat products (plate) and parts formed from flat products (e.g. shell, furnace, dished ends);
—   tubes and parts formed from tubes (e.g. bending, elbows, reducers, fittings);
—   forgings and cast products ;
—   bolting materials;
—   welding consumables.

This document is meant to introduce good practices for drafting product information requirements in standards related to childcare products.
This document provides guidance information on common hazards that is taken into consideration when developing safety standards for childcare articles.
This new edition of this document is a hazard based Technical Specification.
NOTE   See A.1.

This document defines a test method to permit a classification according to EN 13123-2:2025 for explosion resistance of windows, doors, shutters as well as curtain walling elements, complete with their frames, infills and fixings. This document gives no information on the ability of the surrounding wall or building structure to resist the direct or transmitted forces.

This document provides guidance information on mechanical hazards that are taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child care articles. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.
This new edition of this document is a hazard based Technical Specification.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document is applicable to production welding and repair welding.
This document is applicable to fusion welding of steels covered by groups 1, 2, 3 and 8 in accordance with ISO 15608 in a hyperbaric wet environment.
This document is applicable to the following welding processes, in accordance with ISO 4063:2023, applicable in hyperbaric wet environments:
—     111 manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode);
—     114 self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding.
The principles of this document can be applied to other steel groups and fusion welding processes not listed.
This document specifies three weld quality levels, A, B, and Z in order to permit application to a wide range of weldments. Each weld quality level defines a set of criteria for weldment properties that are established during qualification.
This document does not address the selection of the weld quality level to meet the requirements of a particular application.

This document defines terms related to security and resilience topics.

This document specifies the continuous drop test apparatus and associated test method for the reproducible production of dust from a bulk material under standard conditions, and the measurement of the inhalable and respirable dustiness mass fractions, with reference to existing documents, where relevant (see Clause 6).
The continuous drop method intends to simulate dust generation processes where there are continuous falling operations (conveying, discharging, filling, refilling, weighing, sacking, metering, loading, unloading etc.) and where dust is liberated by winnowing during falling. It can be modified to measure the thoracic fraction as well, but this modification is not specified in this document. It differs from the rotating drum method presented in EN 15051-2 [4] in that in this document, the bulk material is dropped only once, but continuously, while in EN 15051-2, the same bulk material is repeatedly dropped.
Furthermore, this document specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures and the method of calculating and presenting the results. A categorization scheme for dustiness is specified, to provide a standardized way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials.
This document is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletised bulk materials.
This document does not apply to test the dust released when solid bulk materials are mechanically treated (e.g. cut, crushed).

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of centrifugal pumps for cryogenic service.
This document does not apply to reciprocating pumps.
This document also gives guidance on the design of installations.
It does not specify requirements for operation or maintenance.
NOTE            For general requirements for materials used in cryogenic fluid service, see ISO 21029-1, ISO 20421-1 or ISO 21009-1.

This document specifies a method for determining the tear strength of leather using a double edged tear. The method is sometimes described as the Baumann tear. It is applicable to all types of leather.

This document is applicable to recirculatory filtration fume cabinets (RFFC).
Recirculatory filtration fume cabinets are devices intended to protect their users by means of:
—   the ability to contain hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants;
—   the ability to remove hazardous concentrations or quantities of airborne contaminants from air exhausted from inside the fume cabinet by means of filtration before the air is recirculated to the room in which the fume cabinet is located.
This document specifies design and manufacturing requirements together with type and on-site testing procedures.
This document does not specify requirements for the use of a mixture of chemicals but provides guidance on how to proceed.
NOTE   For special applications and usage such as Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic Substances (CMR) substances, local regulation can apply. These local regulations can result on restriction of usage.
This document is not intended to address fume cupboards, or devices used as animal accommodation. For fume cupboards, the EN 14175 series applies. For microbiological safety cabinets, EN 12469 applies.

This document establishes the minimum performance requirements and tests for seat-belt assemblies and seat-belt anchorages on earth-moving machinery, necessary to restrain an occupant within a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in the event of a machine roll-over (see ISO 3471:2008, ISO 12117-2:2008/Amd 1:2016, and ISO 13459:2012/Amd 1:2022), or within a tip-over protection structure (TOPS) in the event of a machine tip-over (see ISO 12117:1997).
This document is not applicable to seat-belt assemblies and seat-belt anchorages manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies a method for measuring the thickness, length and width of test pieces of wood-based panels.

This document specifies, for anhydrous bituminous binder (cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders), the measurement of the binder aggregate adhesivity and the influence of adhesion agents or interfacial dopes on adhesion characteristics. This is to help designing binder aggregate systems for surface dressing.
This document specifies methods of measurement of:
—   the mechanical adhesion of the binder to the surface of the aggregate;
—   the active adhesivity of the binder to the chippings;
—   the improvement of the mechanical adhesion and active adhesivity by adding an adhesion agent either into the mass of the binder or by spraying the interface between binder and chippings;
—   the wetting temperature of the binder to the aggregate;
—   the variation of adhesivity below the fragility temperature.
The wetting capacity of the binder affects the adhesivity properties. With the presence of water, the wetting capacity of bitumen emulsion is naturally high. Even if mechanical adhesion and active adhesivity test methods are mainly dedicated to anhydrous bituminous binders (cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders), these measurements can also be practiced with bitumen emulsion with a personalized interpretation of the results that depends on the design of the binder aggregate system. For bitumen emulsion, the adhesivity is conventionally measured through the water immersion test (EN 13614).
This test method is applicable to:
—   bituminous binders used for surface dressings (e.g. conventional or polymer modified binders; mainly anhydrous bituminous binders such as cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders and bitumen emulsions);
—   all the following aggregates sizes that can be used for surface dressings:
—   set 1: 2/5 mm, 5/8 mm, 8/11 mm and 11/16 mm; and
—   set 2: 2/4 mm, 2/6 mm, 4/6 mm, 4/8 mm, 6/10 mm, 6/12 mm and 10/14 mm.
This test method does not apply to quality control on site.
NOTE   Further information concerning the purpose of the test can be found in Annex D.
WARNING – The use of this document can involve hazardous operations. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the evaluation of a substrate's resistance to absorption of a selected series of liquid hydrocarbons of different surface tensions.
This document provides guidance to oil stain resistance. It can provide a rough index of oil stain resistance as, generally, the higher the oil repellency grade, the better resistance to staining by oily materials, especially liquid oil substances. This is particularly true when comparing various finishes for a given substrate. This document can also be used to determine if washing and/or drycleaning treatments have any adverse effect on the oil repellency characteristics of a substrate.
NOTE 1        Washing and drycleaning treatment procedures are described in ISO 6330 and ISO 3175 (all parts), respectively.
This document is not intended to give an absolute measure of the resistance of the substrate to staining by all oily materials. Other factors, such as composition and viscosity of the oily substances, substrate construction, fibre type, dyes and other finishing agents, also influence stain resistance. This document is not intended to estimate the resistance to penetration of the substrate by oil-based chemicals.
NOTE 2        For the evaluation of the resistance to penetration of the substrate by oil-based chemicals, see ISO 6530.

This document specifies a method for determination of the moisture content in a test portion of the laboratory sample by drying the test portion in an oven. This method is applicable for routine production control on site, e.g. if a high precision of the determination of moisture content is not required. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels.
If the solid recovered fuel contains large amounts of oil-fractions, a lower temperature is advisable (e.g. 50 °C ± 10 °C) and a longer drying time until constant mass is achieved. As an alternative, the Karl-Fischer-Titration-Method (see ISO 760[1]) is advisable.
NOTE 1        The total moisture content of recovered fuels is not an absolute value and therefore standardised conditions for its determination are indispensable to enable comparative determinations.
NOTE 2        The term moisture content when used with recovered materials can be misleading since solid recovered materials, e.g. biomass, frequently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content of the general analyses sample by oven drying.

This document:
—   specifies principle criteria and processes for FM and provides methods which enable the implementation and use of these processes within any FM organization;
—   specifies criteria to support organizational decisions;
—   gives guidance for developing and improving the FM processes to support and enable the function of the primary activities.

This document specifies requirements for methanol bunkering transfer systems to and from inland navigation vessels. The various scenarios for the bunker facility operator concern land, truck and vessel (barge). It concerns design, dimensions and technical requirements for the transfer of methanol, including the nozzle, connection, inner and outer flanges and failsafe features.
This document also specifies the process and procedures for the bunkering operations, as well as responsibilities and risk assessment scope, taking into consideration the specific hazards in handling and bunkering methanol fuel. Next to this, the requirement for the methanol provider to provide a bunker delivery note and training and qualification of personnel involved.
This document is not applicable to cargo operations.

This standard provides a comprehensive set of procedures for verifying the correct implementation of each capability claimed on a BACnet PICS including:
(a) support of each claimed BACnet service, either as an initiator, executor, or both,
(b) support of each claimed BACnet object-type, including both required properties and each claimed optional property,
(c) support of the BACnet network layer protocol,
(d) support of each claimed data link option, and
(e) support of all claimed special functionality.

This document provides rules on how to apply EN 81-20:2020 and EN 81-70:2021+A1:2022 to existing lifts to improve their accessibility and usability for persons including persons with disability. It is detailing the general requirement for accessibility as referred to in EN 81-80:2019, Annex A, Table A.1, No. 1.1.
NOTE   EN 81-70:2018 referenced in EN 81-80:2019 has been replaced by EN 81-70:2021+A1:2022.
This document applies to permanently installed lifts serving defined landing levels, having a car designed for the transportation of persons or persons and goods.
This document does not cover destination control system.

This document provides rules on how to apply EN 81-71:2022 to existing lifts to improve their vandal resistance. It is detailing the general requirement for vandal resistance as referred to in EN 81-80:2019, Annex A, Table A.1, No. 1.2.
NOTE   EN 81-71:2018 referenced in EN 81-80:2019 has been replaced by EN 81-71:2022 without technical changes. The reference to category 0 has been removed.
This document applies to permanently installed lifts serving defined landing levels, having a car designed for the transportation of persons or persons and goods.

This document specifies test methods for determining the rates of spread and accuracy of spread of binder and chippings of a surface dressing on a section of road at a given time.
This test method can also be used for determining the rate of spread and accuracy of spread of sprayed bituminous emulsions e.g. when used as bond coats or asphalt preservation systems. The performance categories for binder rate of spread and accuracy of spread in EN 12271 do not apply to bond coats and tack coats.
The test methods are used on site to check the ability of binder sprayers and chipping spreaders to meet the intended rates of spread and tolerances and coefficients of variation.
The test methods can be used to fulfil the Factory Production Control requirements of EN 12271 – Surface Dressings – Requirements.
—   Plant and equipment calibration.
—   Minimum inspection and test frequencies during production.
Using these methods for inspections during production (FPC), allows certain changes to these methods due to the specificity of certain sites and materials used (e.g. combined chipping-binder spreaders). In this case, the changes are documented in the Factory Production Control (FPC) and identified in the test reports.
Other test methods used to check the rate of spread and accuracy of spread of binder, such as the static spray bar bench test for sprayers, are not covered by this document.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous operations. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the characteristics and the requirements of air gap with injector Family A, Type D for nominal flow velocity not exceeding 3 m/s. Air gaps are devices for protection of potable water in water installations from pollution by backflow. This document is applicable to air gaps in factory-assembled products and to constructed air gaps in situ and specifies requirements and methods to verify and ensure compliance with this document during normal working use.
The fluid in the receiving vessel is assumed to have similar properties to the water supply. Where this is not the case, additional care or tests can be required to verify the efficacy of the solution in practical use.
The AD device is intended to be used in potable water installations according to EN 806 (all parts).

This document specifies qualification of the personnel regarding the tasks to be performed in the context of the maintenance of plant, infrastructure and production systems to fulfil the requirements of the maintenance job.
This document describes the knowledge, skills and competencies required for the qualification of maintenance personnel. These guidelines can be used for training, skills validation of maintenance personal and career planning.
This document covers the following professional roles in the maintenance organization:
—   Maintenance Technician Specialist;
—   Maintenance Supervisor;
—   Maintenance Engineer;
—   Maintenance Manager.
These designations can be adapted based on company practices and operational organization. An example of an organizational structure can be seen in Annex A.
This document does not specify the verification criteria nor the specialized training of the personnel, which is related to specific sectors.
NOTE   Specialization and profession are the subjects of the training carried out in the relevant sector.

This document specifies the safety and hygiene requirements applicable to slaughtering traps intended for bovine animals and equidae such as defined in Clause 3.
These requirements take into account hazards that may arise from the transport, mounting, adjustment, maintenance and use of these slaughtering traps.
NOTE   This document takes into account the protection of animals at the time of killing.
The machinery or installations covered by this document are intended to facilitate the slaughter of bovine animals or equidae that weigh between 100 kg and 1 200 kg. They are either rotating slaughtering traps or fixed slaughtering traps.
This document does not cover the following machinery and zones:
-   "restrainers": systems for holding and conveying via conveyor belts;
-   slaughtering traps with a side door that opens under the weight of the animal alone;
-   slaughtering traps where the only source of energy is manual effort.
This document does not cover the following essential requirements of Machinery Directive:
-   safety and reliability of control systems;
-   control devices;
-   failure of the power supply;
-   isolation of energy source.
The list of significant hazards is given in the informative Annex C.

This document specifies the crucial steps of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to measure the abundance of selected microbial gene sequences from soil DNA extract. The number of microbial gene sequences quantified by qPCR provides an estimation of the abundance of selected microbial groups in soil.

This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables:
a)   the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction;
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm;
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm;
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm;
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1   With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this document, dustiness of a series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to [10]). On the basis of this published work, the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This document is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2   The restrictions with regard to the application of the vortex shaker method on different kinds of nanomaterials result from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus as well as from the small size of the test sample required. Eventually, if future work will be able to provide accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that an extension of the method applicability is possible, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce further cases of method application.
NOTE 3   As observed in the pre-normative research project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this document provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small rotating drum methods specified in EN 17199 2 [1], EN 17199 3 [2] and EN 17199 4 [3], respectively. The vortex shaker method can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration or shaking is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4   Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established according to the vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.

This document specifies to the producers of e-liquid the information that should be provided on the outside packaging, unit packets, product information leaflet, or online content that is supplied with a vaping product. The scope of this document is limited to vaping products, cartridges, prefilled containers, and accessories.

This document is applicable to biology, chemistry and physics laboratories where research, preparative, analytical, process activities take place and which can involve work with hazardous substances, including higher education (college and university teaching and post-graduate research).
This document does not cover the requirements of schools, i.e. precollege/pre-university (refer to EN 13150), or highly specialist laboratories which need very specific, bespoke solutions to enable them to function.
This document specifies requirements for installation and design of laboratory benches, associated storage units, and for the provision and connection of services integral or delivered to the laboratory benches. This document gives guidelines for all parties involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation, testing of a new laboratory or in the refurbishment of an existing laboratory.
For safety storage cabinets for flammable liquids EN 14470-1 and for pressurized gas cylinders EN 14470-2 applies.

This document specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures and the method of calculating and presenting the results. Reasons are given for the need for more than one method and advice is given on the choice of method to be used.
This document establishes a categorization scheme for dustiness to provide a standardized way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials. Details of the scheme for each method are given in FprEN 15051-2:2025 and FprEN 15051-3:2025.
This document is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletized bulk materials.
This document does not apply to test the dust released during mechanical reduction of solid bulk materials (e.g. cut, crushed) or to test application procedures for the bulk materials.

This Technical Report provides information on the migration behaviour of certain elements from polymers in order to assist e. g. manufacturers of toys in performing risk assessments.

This document specifies the test procedures and calculations to determine the ECO efficiency of the following catering equipment installed in an aircraft:
—   chilling equipment (with and without freeze function);
—   ovens (steam and convection ovens);
—   beverage makers (coffee makers, water heaters);
—   trash compactors (single and double bin);
—   espresso makers (grain, powder, pad and capsule based).
Based on the results it will be possible to derive the energy consumption index and a performance index of the considered equipment type. The two index values represent the ECO efficiency.

This document specifies the characteristics of pipes for crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations within buildings for the conveyance of water whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems), and for heating systems, under design pressures and temperatures according to the class of application (see ISO 15875-1:2025, Table 1).
This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document.
It is applicable to PE-X pipes with and without barrier layer.
This document is applicable to PE-X pipes for hot and cold water installations, which are intended to be connected to fittings conforming to ISO 15875-3, whereby the joints conform to the requirements of ISO 15875-5.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal stability at elevated temperature of compounds and products based on vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers (in the following text abbreviated as PVC) which undergo dehydrochlorination (the evolution of hydrogen chloride).
This document is applicable to the characterization of PVC compounds and products, especially with regard to the effectiveness of their heat-stabilizing systems.
It is applicable to coloured PVC compounds and products where a discolouration test under the action of heat can be unsatisfactory.
This document is applicable to compounded PVC materials and products. It can be applicable to polymers in powder form under appropriate conditions, depending on the agreement between the interested parties.
This document does not apply to PVC compounds in the form of dry blends, since such materials might not be sufficiently homogeneous.
This document does not apply to PVC compounds and products which evolve other decomposition products, in addition to hydrogen chloride, at elevated temperatures that can affect the conductivity of water when they are absorbed into it.
NOTE   In this case, ISO 182-4 [2] provides the suitable method for the determination of chloride ion (Cl−) in the absorbing solution.
This document can also be applied to other plastics materials which can evolve hydrogen chloride or other hydrogen halides when heated under the conditions prescribed by the relevant specifications, or as agreed upon between the interested parties.