CEN - European Committee for Standardization

This document provides technical details for calculating predicted burn injury to human skin when its surface is subject to a varying heat flux, such as may occur due to energy transmitted through and by a garment or protective clothing ensemble exposed to flames. A series of test cases are provided against which the burn injury prediction calculation method is verified. It also contains requirements for the in situ calibration of the thermal energy sensor — skin injury prediction system for the range of heat fluxes that occur under garments.
The skin burn injury calculation methods as presented in this test method do not include terms for handling short wavelength radiation that may penetrate the skin. The latter include arc flashes, some types of fire exposures with liquid or solid fuels, and nuclear sources.

This document is applicable to diffusion-tight pipes, accessories and fittings in ductile cast iron to EN 598 and to cast iron pipe systems.
The document gives requirements on the contact pressure based on a risk assessment and gives a test method that simulates the penetration of a root tip into the sealing gap.

This document specifies the characteristics of slotted set screws with cone point, in steel and stainless steel, with metric coarse pitch threads M1,2 to M12, and with product grade A.
If in certain cases other specifications are requested, hardness classes and stainless steel grades can be selected from ISO 898-5 or ISO 3506-3, and dimensional options from ISO 888, ISO 965-1 or ISO 4753.

This document specifies the characteristics of slotted set screws with long dog point for regular standard lengths and with short dog point for short standard lengths, in steel and stainless steel, with metric coarse pitch threads M1,6 to M12 and with product grade A.
If in certain cases other specifications are requested, hardness classes and stainless steel grades can be selected from ISO 898-5 or ISO 3506-3, and dimensional options from ISO 888, ISO 965-1 or ISO 4753.

This document specifies a standard method for determining the particle number concentration in ambient air in a range up to about 107 cm–3 for averaging times equal to or larger than 1 min. The standard method is based on a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) operated in the counting mode and an appropriate dilution system for concentrations exceeding the counting mode range. It also defines the performance characteristics and the minimum requirements of the instruments to be used. The lower and upper sizes considered within this document are 10 nm and a few micrometres, respectively. This document gives guidance on sampling, operation, data processing and QA/QC procedures including calibration parameters.

This document specifies the characteristics of slotted set screws with cup point, in steel and stainless steel, with metric coarse pitch threads M1,6 to M12 and with product grade A.
If in certain cases other specifications are requested, hardness classes and stainless steel grades can be selected from ISO 898-5, or ISO 3506-3, and dimensional options from ISO 888, ISO 965-1 or ISO 4753.

This document is applicable to devices for the generation and dosing of ozone. The ozone is generated in these devices according to the technology of dielectric barrier discharge. According to EN 1278 and EN 15074, ozone is suited for the use of the treatment of water intended for human consumption (drinking water), and for the treatment of swimming pool water respectively. Ozone can be added to the water for disinfection and for oxidative purposes. This document can also be applied for other technologies to generate ozone, e.g. electrolysis or UV irradiation, as far as reasonable or applicable.
This document specifies device’s construction, and test methods for the equipment used for in situ generation of ozone. It also specifies requirements for instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, safety and for documentation to be provided with the product.

This document specifies the overall requirements, equipment and calculation methods to provide results that can be used for evaluating the performance of complete garments or protective clothing ensembles exposed to short duration flame engulfment.
This test method establishes a rating system to characterize the thermal protection provided by single-layer and multi-layer garments made of flame resistant materials. The rating is based on the measurement of heat transfer to a full-size manikin exposed to convective and radiant energy in a laboratory simulation of a fire with controlled heat flux, duration and flame distribution. The heat transfer data is summed over a prescribed time to give the total transferred energy. Transferred energy and thermal manikin protection factor (TMPF) assessment methods provide a means to quantify product performance.
The exposure heat flux is limited to a nominal level of 84 kW/m2 and durations of 3 s to 20 s dependant on the risk assessment and expectations from the thermal insulating capability of the garment.
The results obtained apply only to the particular garments or ensembles, as tested, and for the specified conditions of each test, particularly with respect to the heat flux, duration and flame distribution.
This test method covers visual evaluation, observation, inspection and documentation on the overall behaviour of the test specimen(s) before, during and after the exposure. The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.
The heat flux measurements can also be used to calculate the predicted skin burn injury resulting from the exposure (see ISO 13506-2).
This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures such as those found in arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.
NOTE            This test method is complex and requires a high degree of technical expertise in both the test setup and operation. Even minor deviations from the instructions in this test method can lead to significantly different test results.

This document specifies the characteristics of slotted set screws with flat point, in steel and stainless steel, with metric coarse pitch threads M1,2 to M12, and with product grade A.
If in certain cases other specifications are requested, hardness classes and stainless steel grades can be selected from ISO 898-5 or ISO 3506-3, and dimensional options from ISO 888, ISO 965-1 or ISO 4753.

This document gives guidance on
a)       confidentiality of personal information for the customer and the laboratory,
b)       laboratory safety requirements,
c)        calibration sources and calibration dose ranges useful for establishing the reference dose-response curves that contribute to the dose estimation from CBMN assay yields and the detection limit,
d)       performance of blood collection, culturing, harvesting, and sample preparation for CBMN assay scoring,
e)       scoring criteria,
f)         conversion of micronucleus frequency in BNCs into an estimate of absorbed dose,
g)       reporting of results,
h)       quality assurance and quality control, and
i)         informative annexes containing sample instructions for customers, sample questionnaire, a microscope scoring data sheet, and a sample report.
This document excludes methods for automated scoring of CBMN.

This document specifies three methods to determine the permeability to gas by measuring the volume of gas diffusing through a rubber or plastics hose or length of tubing used for gas applications in a specified time.
—     Method 1 is for determining the permeability of the complete hose wall or length of tubing wall, excluding end fittings, to the test gas.
—     Method 2 is for determining the permeability at the hose and fitting interface to the test gas.
—     Method 3 is for precisely determining the permeability of the complete hose or length of tubing, including end fittings.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) (total vapour pressure), exerted in vacuo, by volatile, low viscosity petroleum products, components, ethanol blends up to 85 % (V/V), and feedstocks containing air. A dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) can be calculated from the air containing vapour pressure (ASVP) measurement.
The conditions used in the test described in this document are a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:1 and a test temperature of 37,8 °C.
The equipment is not wetted with water during the test, and the method described is therefore suitable for testing samples with or without oxygenates; no account is taken of dissolved water in the sample.
The method described is suitable for testing air saturated samples with a DVPE between 15,5 kPa and 106,0 kPa; vapour pressures outside this range can be measured, but the precision has not been determined.
This document is applicable to fuels containing oxygenated compounds up to the limits stated in the relevant Council Directive 85/536/EEC [10], and for ethanol-fuel blends up to 85 % (V/V) ethanol.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass and volume fractions, respectively.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.

This document specifies analytical techniques for the determination of total nitrogen and nitrogen calculated as silicon nitride, total oxygen, and metallic and oxidic components in silicon carbide raw materials and refractory products.

This document specifies analytical techniques for the determination of volatile components by thermal treatment at specified temperatures, and methods for the determination of the total carbon, free carbon, silicon carbide, total and free silicon and free and surface silica content of silicon-carbide, silicon-nitride and silicon-oxynitride containing raw materials and refractory products.

This document provides a list of removable sealing sleeves as defined in the product standards for use in connectors or other electrical elements of connection.

This document specifies a method of measuring the semi loose effect of a semi loose cable.
Pull proof optical contacts are used. The optical contact (ferrule) is longitudinally moving to preserve the optical performance even when cables are pulled.
Consequently, the buffered fibre moves beneath the strength members (called semi loose effect).
This document describes a test methodology to assess the quality of the cable when contact is pulled or pushed.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-filtrated drinking water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The applicability of the method to other types of water like fresh waters (e.g. ground water, surface water) or treated wastewater can be validated separately for each individual case.
For each target compound both, eventually occurring branched isomers and the respective non-branched isomer, are quantified together. The selected set of substances determined by this method is representative for a wide variety of PFAS. This method has been validated for the analytes specified in Table 1. The list given in this table can be modified depending on the purpose and focus of the method. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the samples. For many substances to which this document applies a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/l can be achieved. Using high volume direct injection as described in part A or SPE as described in part B of the method allows lower LOQs. Analytical limitations can occur with short-chain PFAS or PFAS with more than ten carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Actual LOQs can depend on the blank values realized by individual laboratories as well.
NOTE   This document enables the analysis of those 20 PFAS which are listed in point 3 of Part B of Annex III of the EU Drinking Water Directive, EU 2020/2184 [4], for the surveillance of the parametric limit value of 0,10 µg/l for the sum of PFAS.
Furthermore, alternatives and substitutes for these PFAS substances can be analysed using this document as well.
Table 1 - Analytes for which a determination was validated in accordance with this method

This document gives guidance on the determination of measurement uncertainties of sound power levels determined according to ISO 3741, ISO 3743-1, ISO 3743-2, ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 3746, ISO 3747 or according to a noise test code based on one of these measurement standards.

This document describes methods for the determination of mineralogical phases typically apparent in nitride and oxy-nitride bonded silicon carbide refractory products using a Bragg-Brentano diffractometer.
It includes details of sample preparations and general principles for qualitative and quantitative analyses of mineralogical phase composition. Quantitative determination of α-Si3N4, β-Si3N4, Si2ON2, AlN, and β’- SiAlON are described.
For quantitative determination of α-Si3N4, β-Si3N4, Si2ON2, AlN and β’-SiAlON refinement procedures based on the total nitrogen content of the sample are described.
NOTE            ISO 21068-3 is used for the analysis of the total nitrogen content of the sample.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for individual electrically operated light devices, called warning lights, emitting a continuous or regular intermittent light of a single colour which, by their colour and position alone, are used to warn, inform or guide road users. It specifies the requirements for visual, structural and operational performances and the relevant test methods to be used. These devices rely upon existing furniture to provide the mounting.
This European Standard is not applicable to lighting devices which convey messages by additional means (e.g. variable message signs) or which convey a mandatory instruction (e.g. traffic signals) or which are covered by vehicle lighting regulations.
This European Standard does not consider horizontal loads because it is the mounting to which they are fixed, which is not covered by this European Standard, which has to resist applied horizontal loads.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. These highly resistant nitrides have been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0,000 5 % (by mass) to 0,005 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document specifies the characteristics of self-locking shank nuts in NI-P101HT, silver plated, for use in 30° cone holes, for aerospace applications.
Classification: 1 210 MPa /730 °C .

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution factor, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document provides definitions of the quantities measured by various candidate methods, their basic principles, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Currently no traceable primary reference materials are available for EC and OC analyses. This document provides guidance to test the equivalence between candidate methods and EN 16909 for EC and/or OC determination(s), based on EN 16450.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for energy absorbing systems (EAS) for use on suitable via ferrata (e.g. EN 16869:2017), for users weighing not less than 40 kg (total weight without equipment) and no more than 120 kg (total weight including the equipment).
NOTE   This document is one of a package of standards for mountaineering equipment, see Annex A.

This document specifies the method of calculating the coordinates of the CIE 1976 L*u*v* colour space including correlates of lightness, chroma, saturation and hue. It includes two methods for calculating Euclidean distances in this space to represent the relative perceived magnitude of colour differences. It also specifies the method of calculating the coordinates of the u′,v′ uniform chromaticity scale diagram.
This document is applicable to tristimulus values calculated using the colour-matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system or the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system. This document is applicable for the specification of colour stimuli perceived as belonging to a reflecting or transmitting object, where a three-dimensional space more uniform than tristimulus space is required. This includes self-luminous displays, like computer, television and smart-phone displays, if they are being used to simulate reflecting or transmitting objects and if the stimuli are appropriately normalized.
This document, as a whole, does not apply to colour stimuli perceived as belonging to an area that appears to be emitting light as a primary light source or that appears to be specularly reflecting such light. Only the u′,v′ uniform chromaticity scale diagram defined in 4.1 and the correlates of hue and saturation defined in 4.3 apply to such colour stimuli.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document specifies requirements for the use of flammable refrigerants class A2L, A2 and A3 as defined in ISO 817 with regard to:
-   design and construction of the refrigerating system (as far as not specified in EN 378-2);
-   operation;
-   in all anticipated operational modes and locations;
-   including continuous idling during standstill;
-   service, maintenance and decommissioning;
-   for the investigation and mitigation of risk for thermally insulated means of transport, including: trucks, trailers, tanks, vans (light commercial vehicles), wagons, containers for land transport, small containers, packaging.
This document describes an Operational Mode Risk Assessment (OMRA), which uses methods such as Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), or Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) or a combination of these methods.
The document specifies requirements:
-   for the validation of possible safety concepts and protective devices within the OMRA process, including charge release tests, simulation, and function tests of the associated protective equipment;
-   for tests related to the application;
-   using methodologies to achieve tolerable risk values.
Mobile air conditioning systems in cars are covered in ISO 13043 and refrigerated containers conforming to ISO 20854 are excluded.
This document could be used for class "B" refrigerants providing the OMRA is adjusted to account for their specific properties.

This document specifies requirements for information supplied by the manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) instruments intended for self-testing.
This document is also applicable to apparatus and equipment intended to be used with IVD instruments for self-testing.
This document can also be applicable to accessories.
This document does not apply to:
a) instructions for instrument servicing or repair;
b) IVD reagents, including calibrators and control materials for use in control of the reagent;
c) IVD instruments for professional use.

This document is applicable to all types of heavy rail freight wagons.
This document specifies the minimum requirements for ergonomic and structural integrity of steps and handrails used together to give staff access. It does not cover ladders, top platforms and top gangways.
This document specifies in particular the required free spaces necessary for handrails below buffer, for shunter’s stand, for steps and handrails.
This document also specifies their dimensions, positions, limits for durability and functionality.
This document also specifies the general requirements for the access to tail lights.

This document specifies the requirements for the determination of the power of electric marine propulsion systems when presented for documenting and checking of the declared (rated) power published by the manufacturer.
This document is applicable to electric systems used for propulsion of recreational craft and other small craft of up to 24 m of hull length.

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of monomeric diisocyanate content in coating materials, adhesives and other liquid or pasty materials.
This method is suitable for the quantification of the following monomeric diisocyanates: methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI, 2,4’-MDI and 4,4’-MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI, 2,6-TDI, 2,4-TDI), (cis/trans) isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI,1,6-HDI) in various matrices for concentrations ranging from 0,01 % to 2,0 % mass fraction. For higher concentrations, a suitable dilution before the derivatization with p-nitrobenzyl-N-propylamine (PNBPA) is performed. The measurements are carried out using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with a multiple wavelength detector.

This document specifies requirements for information supplied by the manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) instruments intended for professional use.
This document also applies to apparatus and equipment intended to be used with IVD instruments for professional use.
This document can also be applicable to accessories.
This document does not apply to:
a) instructions for instrument servicing or repair;
b) IVD reagents, including calibrators and control materials for use in control of the reagent;
c) IVD instruments for self-testing.

This document specifies objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for emergency response (ER) measures on installations used for the development of offshore hydrocarbon resources. It is applicable to:
—     fixed offshore structures;
—     floating systems for production, storage and off-loading.
NOTE          For mobile offshore units, the ER plans developed in conformance with the requirements and recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are generally adequate for the normal, independent operation of the unit in most locations. The following aspects of ER planning are not generally addressed by IMO and are topics intended for inclusion in the scope of this document where relevant to the specific installation:
—      area evacuation, e.g. precautionary evacuation in areas of tropical revolving storms;
—      combined operations (where an integrated command and ER system is relevant);
—      arctic operations;
—      uncontrolled flow from a well.

This document defines concepts, establishes general principles, and specifies essential requirements for information supplied by the manufacturer of IVD medical devices.
This document does not address language requirements since that is the domain of national laws and regulations.
This document does not apply to:
a) IVD medical devices for performance evaluation (e.g. for investigational use only);
b) shipping documents;
c) material safety data sheets / Safety Data Sheets;
d) marketing information (consistent with applicable legal requirements).
.

This document provides requirements for operation of vehicles that use liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel for propulsion, covering various aspects of LNGV workshops including activities, risk management, planning, personnel, layout, systems and operations. It provides requirements regarding the management of LNGV including use, parking, fuelling for commissioning, inspection, installation, repair and maintenance, disposal, transportation and documentation.
This document is applicable to the management of LNG vehicles.

This document specifies requirements for information supplied by the manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) reagents, calibrators, and controls intended for self-testing.
This document can also be applicable to accessories.
This document is applicable to the labels for outer and immediate containers and to the instructions for use.
This document does not apply to:
a) IVD instruments or equipment;
b) IVD reagents for professional use.

This document specifies requirements for information supplied by the manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) reagents, calibrators and controls intended for professional use.
This document can also be applicable to accessories.
This document is applicable to the labels for outer and immediate containers and to the instructions for use.
This document does not apply to:
a) IVD instruments or equipment;
b) IVD reagents for self-testing.

This document specifies methods for qualifying an environment that approximates to an acoustic free field near one or more reflecting planes. The goal of the qualification is to determine the environmental correction  , which is used to correct for reflected sound when determining the sound power level or sound energy level of a noise source from sound pressure levels measured on a surface enveloping the noise source (machinery or equipment) in such an environment.
In practice, the   value determined will be a function of both the reflected sound from the test environment and the shape and size of the measurement surface used for the   determination. For the purposes of this document and the documents that refer to it, the differences between   values determined with different measurement surfaces are assumed to be included in the stated measurement uncertainty for the test method.

This document specifies requirements for hoses and hose assemblies made of rubber and hose fittings made of metal, which are designed to convey saturated steam and hot water condensate.
This document applies to the following two types of hoses and hose assemblies:
—     low pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 0,6 MPa (6 bar);
—     high pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 1,8 MPa (18 bar).
Each type is divided into two classes, having either an oil resistant or non-oil resistant cover.

This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, and manufacture of a steel step wedge standard block for the setting of an ultrasonic instrument.

This document specifies the test method for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by sprays of liquid chemicals at two different levels of intensity:
a)       Method A: low-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing that covers the full body surface and is intended to be worn when there is a potential risk of exposure to small quantities of spray or accidental low-volume splashes of a liquid chemical.
b)       Method B: high-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing with spray-tight connections between different parts of the clothing and, if applicable, between the clothing and other items of personal protective equipment, which covers the full body surface and which is intended to be worn when there is a risk of exposure to sprayed liquid chemical.
This document does not apply to chemical permeation resistance of the materials from which the chemical protective clothing is made.

This document presents Function Analysis (FA) and specifies requirements for Function Analysis and its deliverables. It presents the two distinct areas of application, namely, Functional Need Analysis (FNA) relating to understanding the need, setting goals and Technical Function Analysis (TFA) relating to selecting and developing a solution. It specifies requirements for the basic characteristics of the deliverables within FNA and TFA and expands requirements, guidance and recommendations about FA expressed in the Functional Performance Specification Standard (EN 16271) and in the Value Management Standard (EN 12973).
This document provides an essential reference and support for any person wishing to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and overall performance of their organization. It aims to support sustainable development in an organization. FA offers an opportunity to enhance skills of people involved.
In order to present the conditions for implementation and development of FA deliverables, this document:
•   introduces the interests and fields of application and presents a variety of situations in which FA is used in support of projects of all types and sizes;
•   specifies essential conditions for successful FA, including roles and responsibilities of the people involved, monitoring the performance of the FA team, processes for validation and verification and supply of valid and verified deliverables; and
•   specifies requirements for FA and the basic characteristics of FA deliverables whilst outlining methods, and tools for the realization of the deliverables.
FA is progressed using the following:
•   FNA: support for the process of identifying and understanding the need, defining objectives, and setting the goal to be achieved;
•   TFA: support for design or research processes and evaluation of solutions; and
•   Iteratively focusing on the FNA and TFA by revisiting the identified need, balancing capabilities of available technologies, resources and constraints, achieving the most desirable outcome.
In the area of FNA, this document sets out FNA requirements for the deliverables to establish the Functional Need Expression (FNE). The FNE can serve as a basis for establishing an understanding of the expressed need, the complete list of User Related Functions (URFs), constraints and interfaces. These deliverables serve as a basis for identifying, organizing, characterizing and prioritizing functions and function interfaces. These deliverables can also support preliminary risk and reliability studies, economic studies, impact assessments and development of Functional Performance Specifications (FPSs).
In the area of TFA, this document sets out requirements for TFA deliverables which aim to satisfy the need, expressed in the FNE. The TFA deliverables are focused on analysing existing and potential solutions, identifying a complete list of the Product Related Functions (PRFs) to meet the FNE; evaluating concepts and making a choice for a solution then optimizing the Product Function Architecture (PFA) to identify the “best” solution.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the design and performance of power assisted stretchers used in road ambulances for the treatment and transportation of patients. It aims to ensure patient safety and minimize the physical effort required by staff operating the equipment.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and above, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones.
The method is intended to characterize material up to a particle size class (P) of P63. For larger P-classes and PL-classes, the characterization is mainly done by hand sorting.
NOTE            The definitions and specifications of P- and PL-classes are given in ISO 17225-1, ISO 17225-4 and ISO 17225-9.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the bulk density of granular refractory materials (grain density) having a grain size larger than 2 mm:
—    Method 1: mercury method with vacuum;
—    Method 2: arrested water absorption method;
—    Method 3: vacuum method with spin dryer option according to ISO 5017.
Method 1 is intended as the reference method.
NOTE       Depending on the nature of the material tested, the three methods can give different results. Any statement of the value of a bulk density can therefore be accompanied by an indication of the method used or to be used in case of dispute.
The same method can be used for the determination of the volume of the sample, for selecting and preparing the sample, for calculating the bulk density and for presenting the test report.