79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
ICS 79.040 Details
Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
Holz. Sageblocke. Schnittholz
Bois, grumes a sciages et bois sciés
Les, hlodovina in žagan les
General Information
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This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for obtaining water samples from preservative treated wood exposed out of ground contact (wood held in the storage yard after treatment and which has been in conditions designed to simulate outdoor, out of ground contact situations), at increasing time intervals after exposure.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.
- Technical report31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of linear swelling in the radial and tangential directions of wood.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the determination of volumetric swelling of wood.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document lists visual strength grades, species and sources of timber, and specifies the strength classes to which they are assigned. The assignments listed are for strength classes documented in EN 338.
Structural timber that has previously been graded cannot be re-graded to the same or different grades unless the method of determining characteristic values has made allowances for changes to the timber population caused by the previous grading.
NOTE 1 Consequently, the assignments stated in this document apply to timber that has not been previously strength graded in a way that introduces a bias on the population of timber to be graded, as compared to ungraded material.
Species/grades or species combination/grades are assigned to strength classes in accordance with EN 14081-1 and supporting standards, such as EN 384.
This document contains a list of assignments but is not intended to be exhaustive.
NOTE 2 Timber graded by machine to EN 14081-1 is graded directly to the strength classes and marked accordingly. Machine grading is therefore not referenced in this document.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lists visual strength grades, species and sources of timber, and specifies the strength classes to which they are assigned. The assignments listed are for strength classes documented in EN 338.
Structural timber that has previously been graded cannot be re-graded to the same or different grades unless the method of determining characteristic values has made allowances for changes to the timber population caused by the previous grading.
NOTE 1 Consequently, the assignments stated in this document apply to timber that has not been previously strength graded in a way that introduces a bias on the population of timber to be graded, as compared to ungraded material.
Species/grades or species combination/grades are assigned to strength classes in accordance with EN 14081-1 and supporting standards, such as EN 384.
This document contains a list of assignments but is not intended to be exhaustive.
NOTE 2 Timber graded by machine to EN 14081-1 is graded directly to the strength classes and marked accordingly. Machine grading is therefore not referenced in this document.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of linear shrinkage in the radial and tangential directions of wood.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the determination of volumetric shrinkage of wood.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of the EN 351 series establishes a classification of preservative-treated wood in terms of preservative penetration and gives guidance on a classification of retention. These can be used as a basis for specifying preservative treatments for particular products.
This part of the EN 351 series defines terminology to be used by the specifier when preparing a preservative treatment specification or product standard. It is not a treatment specification in itself.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the production of preservative-treated solid wood, including glued laminated timber, suitable for use in those service conditions defined within the use classes in EN 335. It does not apply to any subsequent examination of treated wood in service.
NOTE 1 Glued laminated timber is not suitable for use in fresh or sea water.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the protection of wood against attack by wood-destroying and wood-disfiguring fungi, insects and marine organisms.
NOTE 2 Protection against wood-disfiguring fungi is an optional property verified by testing in accordance with EN 599-1.
This part of the EN 351 series does not consider other properties of treated wood, for example odour, compatibility with other materials, such as corrosivity of fasteners. Nor does it consider any properties from the health, safety and environmental point of view.
This part of the EN 351 series does not apply to wood to be treated with formulations which are applied to timber in service to eliminate or control an existing fungal or insect infestation, or the prevention of attack by sapstain fungi, or insects in green timber.
Annex A (informative) provides a decision process for specifying preservative treatment requirements.
Annex B (informative) gives an example of the marking system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of the EN 351 series gives guidance for the general procedures to be used in obtaining samples of preservative-treated wood for the determination of penetration and retention of wood preservative. It also gives guidance on the measurement of penetration and retention of a wood preservative in the treated wood.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the production of preservative-treated solid wood, including glued laminated timber, suitable for use in those service conditions defined within the use classes in EN 335.
NOTE Glued laminated timber is not suitable for use in fresh or sea water.
This part of the EN 351 series is not applicable to preservative-treated wood in service. However, the sampling guidance provided within this part of the EN 351 series can be applied for the subsequent examination of treated wood in service.
Annex A (informative) provides a selection of number of sample units.
Annex B (informative) provides examples of retention measurements.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on the selection of wood and wood-based products for use in situations where they can be subject to degradation by fungi, wood destroying insects or marine borers. This guidance includes information on factors that can influence the service life of a wood or wood-based product when considering biological degradation. In many end uses, design, workmanship and maintenance will also influence the service life of the wood or wood-based product.
This document is a step toward the evaluation of the service life of a wood product.
This document does not consider:
1) the durability characteristics of the glue used in wood-based products;
2) the aesthetic function of wood products (discoloration, surface weathering, mould).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of the EN 351 series gives guidance for the general procedures to be used in obtaining samples of preservative-treated wood for the determination of penetration and retention of wood preservative. It also gives guidance on the measurement of penetration and retention of a wood preservative in the treated wood.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the production of preservative-treated solid wood, including glued laminated timber, suitable for use in those service conditions defined within the use classes in EN 335.
NOTE Glued laminated timber is not suitable for use in fresh or sea water.
This part of the EN 351 series is not applicable to preservative-treated wood in service. However, the sampling guidance provided within this part of the EN 351 series can be applied for the subsequent examination of treated wood in service.
Annex A (informative) provides a selection of number of sample units.
Annex B (informative) provides examples of retention measurements.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of the EN 351 series establishes a classification of preservative-treated wood in terms of preservative penetration and gives guidance on a classification of retention. These can be used as a basis for specifying preservative treatments for particular products.
This part of the EN 351 series defines terminology to be used by the specifier when preparing a preservative treatment specification or product standard. It is not a treatment specification in itself.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the production of preservative-treated solid wood, including glued laminated timber, suitable for use in those service conditions defined within the use classes in EN 335. It does not apply to any subsequent examination of treated wood in service.
NOTE 1 Glued laminated timber is not suitable for use in fresh or sea water.
This part of the EN 351 series is applicable to the protection of wood against attack by wood-destroying and wood-disfiguring fungi, insects and marine organisms.
NOTE 2 Protection against wood-disfiguring fungi is an optional property verified by testing in accordance with EN 599-1.
This part of the EN 351 series does not consider other properties of treated wood, for example odour, compatibility with other materials, such as corrosivity of fasteners. Nor does it consider any properties from the health, safety and environmental point of view.
This part of the EN 351 series does not apply to wood to be treated with formulations which are applied to timber in service to eliminate or control an existing fungal or insect infestation, or the prevention of attack by sapstain fungi, or insects in green timber.
Annex A (informative) provides a decision process for specifying preservative treatment requirements.
Annex B (informative) gives an example of the marking system.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on the selection of wood and wood-based products for use in situations where they can be subject to degradation by fungi, wood destroying insects or marine borers. This guidance includes information on factors that can influence the service life of a wood or wood-based product when considering biological degradation. In many end uses, design, workmanship and maintenance will also influence the service life of the wood or wood-based product.
This document is a step toward the evaluation of the service life of a wood product.
This document does not consider:
1) the durability characteristics of the glue used in wood-based products;
2) the aesthetic function of wood products (discoloration, surface weathering, mould).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard gives a method for determining characteristic values of mechanical properties and density, for defined populations of visual grades and/or strength classes of machine graded structural timber. Additionally it covers the stages of sampling, testing, analysis and presentation of the data.
The standard provides methods to derive strength, stiffness and density properties for structural timber from tests with defect-free specimen.
The values determined in accordance with this standard for mechanical properties and density are suitable for assigning grades and species to the strength classes of EN 338.
NOTE 1 For assigning grades and species to the strength classes in EN 338 only three properties, i.e. bending or tension strength, modulus of elasticity parallel to grain in bending or tension and density need to be determined from test data, other properties can be calculated according to Table 2.
NOTE 2 EN 1912 gives examples of established visual grades assigned to strength classes.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements, additional to those of EN 14081-1, for type testing of machine graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by sawing, planning or other methods, and having deviations from the target sizes corresponding to EN 336. This includes requirements for strength grading machines.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements additional to those given in EN 14081 1 for factory production control of machine graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by sawing, planing or other methods, and having deviations from the target sizes corresponding to EN 336.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements, additional to those of EN 14081-1, for type testing of machine graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by sawing, planning or other methods, and having deviations from the target sizes corresponding to EN 336. This includes requirements for strength grading machines.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard gives a method for determining characteristic values of mechanical properties and density, for defined populations of visual grades and/or strength classes of machine graded structural timber. Additionally it covers the stages of sampling, testing, analysis and presentation of the data.
The standard provides methods to derive strength, stiffness and density properties for structural timber from tests with defect-free specimen.
The values determined in accordance with this standard for mechanical properties and density are suitable for assigning grades and species to the strength classes of EN 338.
NOTE 1 For assigning grades and species to the strength classes in EN 338 only three properties, i.e. bending or tension strength, modulus of elasticity parallel to grain in bending or tension and density need to be determined from test data, other properties can be calculated according to Table 2.
NOTE 2 EN 1912 gives examples of established visual grades assigned to strength classes.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines and requirements to sort and classify rattan cane materials (poles and derivatives) based on physical properties, quality and market values.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate strength in shearing parallel to grain of small clear wood specimens by measuring the breaking load applied statically along the radial or the tangential plane of a test piece.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements additional to those given in EN 14081 1 for factory production control of machine graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections shaped by sawing, planing or other methods, and having deviations from the target sizes corresponding to EN 336.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document lists the terms and definitions relating to general concepts, macrostructure, sampling, and methods of physical and mechanical testing of wood. Other terminologies that are not mentioned in this standard are defined in ISO 24294.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms related to round and sawn timber. It applies to identification of a tree and its components, stages of processing in round and sawn forms, and timber grading, dimensions, anatomical structure, features, moisture content and conditions relating to stain, fungal and insect attack. It does not apply to terms related to strength properties of wood, engineered timber products or timber structures.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard47 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard55 pagesEnglish, French and Russian languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms relating to rattan source plants, materials, intermediate rattan products and rattan products. This document is applicable to rattan materials and products in production and trade.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the minimum performance requirements in biological tests for products for curative uses against specific wood destroying organisms. It specifies the biological tests required together with the efficacy criteria to be achieved in each test.
Chemicals against insects can act according to their specific properties within a short time (fast acting) or only after a long period (slow acting or with a deferred effect). Different tests and efficacy requirements are needed for these various types of curative wood preservatives.
This document is applicable to all wood preservative products supplied for application in liquid form for curative uses against attack by wood boring beetles. This document is also applicable for products applied to prevent the growth of the dry rot fungus through masonry.
This document is also applicable to products for curative uses supplied for application as pastes, solids or in capsule form but only where appropriate biological methods of test exist as published European Standards.
NOTE This standard is used as a reference document for the evaluation of efficacy of biocidal products PT8 (wood preservatives) in the framework of the European Regulation on Biocidal Products (EU) No 528/2012 (BPR).
This document is not applicable to products used as fumigants.
This document is also not applicable for determining whether specific curative products, used alone or in combination, are effective in conferring long-term protection against attack by wood destroying organisms. Preventive effectiveness can be determined using EN 599-1 but only for products that can be tested using the methods and interpretative procedures defined in EN 599-1.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on re-testing after making variations in product formulation.
Annex B (informative) contains some test recommendations for specific curative products against other insect species than Hylotrupes bajulus and Anobium punctatum.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines terms related to bamboo, intermediate bamboo and bamboo products. This document is applicable to bamboo, intermediate bamboo and bamboo products in production and trade.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the minimum performance requirements in biological tests for products for curative uses against specific wood destroying organisms. It specifies the biological tests required together with the efficacy criteria to be achieved in each test.
Chemicals against insects can act according to their specific properties within a short time (fast acting) or only after a long period (slow acting or with a deferred effect). Different tests and efficacy requirements are needed for these various types of curative wood preservatives.
This document is applicable to all wood preservative products supplied for application in liquid form for curative uses against attack by wood boring beetles. This document is also applicable for products applied to prevent the growth of the dry rot fungus through masonry.
This document is also applicable to products for curative uses supplied for application as pastes, solids or in capsule form but only where appropriate biological methods of test exist as published European Standards.
NOTE This standard is used as a reference document for the evaluation of efficacy of biocidal products PT8 (wood preservatives) in the framework of the European Regulation on Biocidal Products (EU) No 528/2012 (BPR).
This document is not applicable to products used as fumigants.
This document is also not applicable for determining whether specific curative products, used alone or in combination, are effective in conferring long-term protection against attack by wood destroying organisms. Preventive effectiveness can be determined using EN 599-1 but only for products that can be tested using the methods and interpretative procedures defined in EN 599-1.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on re-testing after making variations in product formulation.
Annex B (informative) contains some test recommendations for specific curative products against other insect species than Hylotrupes bajulus and Anobium punctatum.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines general terms relating to sawn timber and round timber used in European Standards.
- Standard100 pagesEnglish, French and German languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the strength in compression perpendicular to grain of wood.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the extensive and limited sampling of wood, conditioning and preparation of test pieces. It also specifies the general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens. The sampling guidance provided in this document can be applied for timber taken from either trees, logs, or pieces of ungraded/graded/presorted sawn timber for non-structural applications, such as furniture, windows, doors, etc., only.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard defines general terms relating to sawn timber and round timber used in European Standards.
- Standard100 pagesEnglish, French and German languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections either visual or machine graded, shaped by sawing, planning or other methods and with cross-sectional dimensions complying with EN 336 (referred to as structural timber in the following clauses).
This European Standard includes provisions for test methods, Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance and marking of structural timber.
NOTE 1 For machine strength graded timber additional provisions for type testing (TT) are given in EN 14081-2 and for factory production control (FPC) in EN 14081-3.
NOTE 2 An acceptance procedure for verification of a lot is given in EN 14358 which may be used for a delivery of structural timber.
This European Standard identifies characteristics for which limits have to be given in visual grading standards.
This European Standard covers structural timber, untreated or treated against biological attack.
This European Standard does not cover:
- timber treated by fire retardant products to improve its fire performance;
- thermally and/or chemically modified timber;
- structural finger jointed timber.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross-sections either visual or machine graded, shaped by sawing, planning or other methods and with cross-sectional dimensions complying with EN 336 (referred to as structural timber in the following clauses).
This European Standard includes provisions for test methods, Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance and marking of structural timber.
NOTE 1 For machine strength graded timber additional provisions for type testing (TT) are given in EN 14081-2 and for factory production control (FPC) in EN 14081-3.
NOTE 2 An acceptance procedure for verification of a lot is given in EN 14358 which may be used for a delivery of structural timber.
This European Standard identifies characteristics for which limits have to be given in visual grading standards.
This European Standard covers structural timber, untreated or treated against biological attack.
This European Standard does not cover:
- timber treated by fire retardant products to improve its fire performance;
- thermally and/or chemically modified timber;
- structural finger jointed timber.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test procedures for specimens obtained from round bamboo culms. The data obtained from the test methods can be used to establish characteristic physical or mechanical properties to be used in structural engineering design or for other scientific purposes. This document provides methods for evaluating the following physical and strength properties: moisture content, density, mass per unit length; strength properties parallel to the fibre direction, compression, tension and bending, and strength properties perpendicular to the fibre direction, tension and bending. It also provides methods to estimate moduli of elasticity in bending, compression and tension parallel to fibres, and bending perpendicular to fibres. The test methods reported in this document are intended for commercial testing applications. The test methods reported in this document are intended for commercial testing applications and can also be adopted as benchmark methods for scientific research. This document is organized to provide requirements for standard tests to be carried out to determine the material properties of full-culm bamboo as a structural material.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document details a method for determining the water uptake and the effectiveness of the drying process on solid wood, wood-based materials or coated wood by means of water absorption and water vapour desorption. This document lays down a method to assess the moisture dynamics of wooden products which can be a contributing factor to the susceptibility to wood decay.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes the basic principles for rules and procedures governing the visual sorting of timber for use in structural applications.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard39 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
CCMC - addition of superseding note in the European Foreword
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the methodology for measurement of features - in relation to wood structure, biological agencies and other damage - taken into account in the visual grading:
a) for appearance - of sawn, processed and round timber;
b) for serviceability - of sawn and processed timber (identified in EN 1611-1 as the integrity of the timber).
When the standard is applied the methodology of measurement used shall be stated.
It is not applicable to structural timber for which strength grading in accordance with EN 14081-1 is required.
This standard applies to hardwood and softwood sawn timber, both square edged and un-edged, to processed timber and to round timber.
It does not apply to tropical timber.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines a method of assessment of drying quality. It applies to a lot of dried sawn timber (surfaced or not). It applies to both softwood and hardwood with a thickness not greater than 100 mm.
The quality of drying is expressed in terms of moisture content: target, average of the lot and variation between the pieces of the lot.
An option for specifying the degree of case-hardening is included.
NOTE 1 Other features related to drying, e.g. check, shake, warp, stain, etc., are specified in documents for visual grading of sawn timber or in product specifications and are not covered by this document.
NOTE 2 In the following the term "sawn timber" is used for all dried timber covered by this scope.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 19474:2018 defines requirements to methods of determination of visual characteristics of round timber.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the methodology for measurement of features - in relation to wood structure, biological agencies and other damage - taken into account in the visual grading:
a) for appearance - of sawn, processed and round timber;
b) for serviceability - of sawn and processed timber (identified in EN 1611-1 as the integrity of the timber).
When the standard is applied the methodology of measurement used shall be stated.
It is not applicable to structural timber for which strength grading in accordance with EN 14081-1 is required.
This standard applies to hardwood and softwood sawn timber, both square edged and un-edged, to processed timber and to round timber.
It does not apply to tropical timber.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines a method of assessment of drying quality. It applies to a lot of dried sawn timber (surfaced or not). It applies to both softwood and hardwood with a thickness not greater than 100 mm.
The quality of drying is expressed in terms of moisture content: target, average of the lot and variation between the pieces of the lot.
An option for specifying the degree of case-hardening is included.
NOTE 1 Other features related to drying, e.g. check, shake, warp, stain, etc., are specified in documents for visual grading of sawn timber or in product specifications and are not covered by this document.
NOTE 2 In the following the term "sawn timber" is used for all dried timber covered by this scope.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day