ASTM D8391-22e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8391 − 22
Standard Specification for
Demonstrating Equivalent Fire Performance for Wood-
Based Floor Framing Members to Unprotected 2 by 10
Dimension Lumber or Equal-Sized Structural Composite
Lumber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Information about copyrighted text was included in March 2023.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification provides the test methodology and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
procedures to demonstrate that the fire performance of wood-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
based floor framing members is equivalent to unprotected 2 by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
10 dimension lumber or equal-sized structural composite
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lumber (SCL) floor joists used in interior floor assemblies. This
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specification is applicable to floor framing members with or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
without applied treatments or materials used to increase fire
resistance, including fire-resistive paints, coatings, or chemical
2. Referenced Documents
treatments, and including mechanically attached or adhered fire
2.1 ASTM Standards:
protection materials. It is applicable to any wood-based resi-
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
dential floor framing member product including, but not
ucts
limited to, prefabricated wood I-joists, open-web wood joists,
D198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural
and trusses with wood flanges and wood or metal web
Sizes
members. In addition, specific requirements for the evaluation
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
of fire-resistive paints, coatings, or chemical treatments used
Steel Surfaces
with these floor framing members are included.
D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-
NOTE 1—This specification provides a method of comparing the fire
performance of floor framing members to benchmarked performance of
Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
unprotected 2 by 10 dimension lumber or equal-sized SCL floor joists. It
D1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and
has been successfully used to evaluate the performance of prefabricated
Wood-Based Materials
wood I-joists and wood trusses with various forms of fire protection.
D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-
While the principles of this specification are generally applicable to all
floor framing members, the development of the specification did not Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
consider additional requirements or modifications which may be necessary
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
for the evaluation of floor framing members of other materials, such as
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
steel joists or trusses.
D4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and Wood-Based Structural Materials
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D5055 Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Struc-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
and are not considered standard.
D5664 Test Method for Evaluating the Effects of Fire-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Retardant Treatments and Elevated Temperatures on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Strength Properties of Fire-Retardant Treated Lumber
D7032 Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assemblies. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published January 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8391-22E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8391 − 22
for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck 3.2.3 field-applied, adj—installed after the time of manufac-
Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails ture of the floor framing member by an entity not under the
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction direction of the manufacturer of the floor framing member.
and Materials
3.2.4 floor joist, n—structural floor framing member.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3.2.5 prefabricated wood I-joist, n—structural framing
E2309 Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring
member manufactured using sawn or structural composite
Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
lumber flanges and structural panel webs, bonded together with
E3048 Test Method for Determination of Time to Burn-
exterior exposure adhesives, forming an “I” cross-sectional
Through Using the Intermediate Scale Calorimeter
shape and primarily used as a joist in floor and roof construc-
(ICAL) Radiant Panel
tion.
2.2 TPI Standard:
ANSI/TPI 1 National Design Standard for Metal Plate Con-
4. Applicability
nected Wood Truss Construction
4.1 All floor framing members to be evaluated in accor-
2.3 AWC Standard:
dance with this specification, regardless of protection method,
ANSI/AWC NDS National Design Specification for Wood
shall be subject to the requirements in Sections 5 through 9.
Construction
4.2 Floor framing members relying on protection from
2.4 AWPA Standard:
fire-resistive paints, coatings, and chemical treatments shall
AWPA E12 Standard Method of Determining Corrosion of
meet additional requirements described in Annex A1. Provi-
Metal in Contact with Treated Wood
sions are included in this specification for both factory-applied
2.5 ISO Standards: products and field-applied products.
ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity Assessment – Requirements for
Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity Assessment
5. Test Performance Requirements
Bodies
5.1 The floor framing members being evaluated shall sup-
ISO/IEC 17020 Conformity Assessment – Requirements for
port not less than 50 % of the load associated with the
the Operation of Various Types of Bodies Performing
allowable stress design (ASD) reference design value in
Inspection
bending for an elapsed time of not less than 15 min, 30 s from
ISO/IEC 17065 Conformity Assessment – Requirements for
the beginning of the furnace test to the end of the test, while
Bodies Certifying Products Processes and Services
meeting the specified deflection criteria.
2.6 U.S. Department of Commerce Standards:
NOTE 2—The required minimum duration for the test was derived using
the methodology specified in Chapter 16 of the NDS assuming unpro-
PS 1 Structural Plywood, U.S. Department of Commerce
tected 2 by 10 dimension lumber or equal-sized structural composite
Voluntary Product Standard
lumber floor joists, a three-sided fire exposure, a nominal char rate of 1.5
PS 2 Performance Standard for Wood Structural Panels, U.S.
in./h (38.1 mm/h), a bending strength to ASD ratio of 2.85, and a load
Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard
corresponding to 50 % of the full ASD bending design load. It is
recognized that achieving the required test duration of 15 min, 30 s with
a load greater than 50 % of the full ASD bending design load would be
3. Terminology
conservative relative to the reference case, therefore no upper limit on
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this specification are in
loading is imposed.
accordance with Terminology D9 and Terminology E176,
5.2 The end of the test shall be defined by the first
unless otherwise indicated.
occurrence of one of the following:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2.1 The furnace is extinguished for any reason, or
3.2.1 chemical treatment, n—chemical substance applied to
5.2.2 Any individual framing member within the test assem-
the structural member with the purpose of improving perfor-
bly ruptures, or
mance in fire.
5.2.3 The test assembly center span deflection, as deter-
mined in accordance with 8.2, exceeds 1/40 of the clear span,
3.2.2 factory-applied, adj—applied in a factory setting by or
or
under the direction of the manufacturer of the floor framing
5.2.4 The deflection rate, dx/dt, decreases without
members.
recovering,
where:
Available from Truss Plate Institute, 218 N. Lee Street, Ste 312, Alexandria, VA
dt = a 1-s time interval, and
22134.
dx = deflection increment in a 1-s time interval, dt, after
Available from American Wood Council (AWC), 222 Catoctin Circle SE, Suite
smoothing of deflection data using a centered moving
201, Leesburg, VA 20175, https://www.awc.org.
Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box
average with a time window of 10 s.
361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http://www.awpa.com.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
7 8
Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., Acceptance Criteria for Prefabricated Wood I-Joists (AC14), Copyright © 2019
NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov. ICC-ES. All rights reserved.
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D8391 − 22
plates or pins connecting chords and webs, should be installed in
5.2.4.1 Exception—Item 5.2.4 shall not apply when evi-
accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and should be designed
dence is submitted to show that the decrease in deflection rate
and detailed to provide the lowest capacity that would be permitted in
was not due to a change in the load-carrying mechanism of the
application to resist the full design load for the framing member with the
test assembly.
span used in the furnace test.
NOTE 3—Experience has demonstrated that the difference in deflection
7.1.3 If holes in floor framing members are allowed in
between two data points separated by one second can fluctuate
application, a minimum of one representative hole shall be
significantly, potentially due to noise induced by the furnace test environ-
included in each test member, placed in a zone of high shear
ment. The requirement for data smoothing using a 10-s moving average
force.
eliminates most of the noise and facilitates evaluation of dx/dt relative to
the requirement in 5.2.4. However, data smoothing should not be used for
NOTE 8—Appendix X3 provides guidance for holes in prefabricated
comparison of overall deflection with the deflection limit in 5.2.3.
wood I-joists.
5.3 Graphs illustrating the assembly center-span deflection
7.1.4 All components of the floor framing members used in
and the deflection rate, as functions of elapsed time, shall be
application (for example, fasteners, plates, hardware, etc.),
included in the test report to demonstrate compliance with
including flange or chord splices, shall be included in the test
5.2.3 and 5.2.4.
members and noted in the test report.
NOTE 4—Additional guidance on the evaluation of deflections in
7.1.5 The use of blocking or strongback(s) to transfer load
accordance with 5.2 and 5.3 is provided in Appendix X2.
from floor framing members to the boundaries of the assembly,
6. Drawings, Details, and Calculations
or to the furnace walls shall not be permitted.
6.1 Drawings shall be prepared showing the configuration
7.2 The compression edge of floor framing members shall
of the test assembly including but not limited to: framing plans
be braced to prevent lateral movement of the floor framing
detailing all materials used to construct the assembly and their
members. Where floor sheathing is used for lateral bracing of
method of attachment, loading apparatus and framing member
the floor framing members, it shall be detailed in accordance
support conditions, location of deflection measurements, and
with 7.2.1 through 7.2.7.
any other details used as part of the test.
7.2.1 The sheathing shall comply with the requirements of
PS 1 or PS 2 for 23/32 or lower performance category.
6.2 Structural load calculations demonstrating that the load
7.2.2 All sheathing edges shall be square (that is, without
on the floor framing members was equal to 50 % of their ASD
tongue-and-groove).
bending load shall be prepared.
7.2.3 The sheathing shall be cut so that no piece is continu-
7. Specimen Configuration
ous across framing members.
7.2.4 Panel joints perpendicular to the framing members
7.1 The test specimen shall consist of a single floor framing
shall be located at maximum 4 ft (1.2 m) intervals along the
member or multiple floor framing members plus other elements
length of the framing member(s).
as necessary to provide lateral bracing of the compression edge
7.2.5 The sheathing shall be installed with a minimum gap
and to enclose the top of the furnace.
of ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) between adjacent panels in all directions.
7.1.1 The test specimen shall have a minimum clear span of
7.2.6 The sheathing shall be attached to framing members
12 ft (3.7 m).
using 0.131 in. (3.32 mm) maximum diameter by 2.5 in. (63.5
7.1.2 The floor framing member(s) tested shall represent the
mm) maximum length fasteners spaced approximately 24 in.
range of member sizes and configurations for which equivalent
(610 mm) o.c.
fire performance to unprotected 2 by 10 is to be demonstrated
7.2.7 Adhesive shall not be permitted for the attachment of
in accordance with 7.1.2.1 or 7.1.2.2.
the sheathing to the framing members.
7.1.2.1 Prefabricated wood I-joists evaluated in accordance
with Specification D5055 shall be tested with the minimum
7.3 Moisture content of tested materials shall be represen-
flange dimensions, minimum web thickness, and minimum
tative of that in similar construction of buildings in accordance
joist depth to be recognized for equivalent fire performance to
with Test Method E119.
unprotected 2 by 10.
7.4 Noncombustible protection up to ⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick is
NOTE 5—Test results are considered applicable to larger members than
permitted to be added to combustible assembly components
those tested. However, the intent of this specification is not to prescribe a
other than the floor framing members under evaluation, such as
minimum size of floor framing member to be evaluated for qualification.
to the underside of sheathing and to the inside face of rim
7.1.2.2 Floor framing members, other than prefabricated 8
boards.
wood I-joists, shall be tested with minimum component
dimensions, minimum member depth, and representative con-
8. Test Procedure
nection details to be recognized for equivalent fire performance
8.1 Furnace Exposure—The test specimen shall be tested in
to unprotected 2 by10 floor joists. Connections between
a horizontal position and unrestrained for thermal expansion.
components shall be optimized for the design load.
Use of an intermediate-scale or full-scale furnace shall be
NOTE 6—Test results are considered applicable to larger members than
permitted. The test specimen shall be subjected to the time/
those tested. However, the intent of this specification is not to prescribe a
temperature environment described in Test Method E119
minimum size of floor framing member to be evaluated for the qualifica-
Section 7.1 for the duration of the test, as noted in 5.2. Furnace
tion.
NOTE 7—Connections used to construct the test members, such as truss temperatures shall be measured by thermocouples described in
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D8391 − 22
Section 7.2 of Test Method E119. The accuracy of the furnace 9.2 Factory-applied protection shall be installed in a manner
control shall be such that the area under the time-temperature consistent with the test report with oversight by an inspection
curve, obtained by averaging the results from the thermocouple
agency accredited under ISO/IEC 17020 by a recognized
readings, is within 10 % of the corresponding area under the
accreditation body conforming to the requirements of ISO/IEC
standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method
17011 and acceptable to a certification body accredited under
E119.
ISO/IEC 17065 by a recognized accreditation body conforming
to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17011.
8.2 Deflection—Mid-span deflection shall be measured at
one location at the geometric center of the floor assembly using
9.2.1 Factory-applied protection shall retain its effectiveness
a displacement transducer calibrated in accordance with the
after the accelerated weathering exposures required in A1.4.4.
requirements for Class B of Practices E2309 and reported. The
9.3 Field-applied protection shall be installed in a manner
device shall reference the top surface of the floor sheathing and
consistent with the test report.
does not need to be positioned over an individual floor framing
member. Where necessary to accommodate the loading 9.3.1 Field-applied protection shall be installed after the
apparatus, the device is permitted to be located up to 18 in. exterior shell of the structure is complete to protect from
(457 mm) away from center-span, provided that the displace-
weather exposure unless demonstrated to be durable and
ment reading is adjusted to reflect the deflection at center-span
weather resistant by testing in accordance with the require-
by principles of mechanics. The minimum sampling rate shall
ments of factory-applied protection.
be 1.0 Hz.
9.3.2 Field-applied protection shall be installed according to
8.3 Report—The test report shall include the following:
the manufacturer’s instructions, including, but not limited to,
8.3.1 Detailed specimen description and drawings showing
requirements for substrate preparation, substrate moisture
the construction, including floor framing members, truss plates
content, and ambient temperature and relative humidity during
and splices, hole placement, fire-protection materials and
installation and drying.
placement, lateral bracing and attachment, and any other
9.3.3 Inspection of field-applied protection shall be required
details relevant to the fire-performance of the floor framing
to verify that the installation of the field-applied protection is
members.
consistent with specimens used for qualification testing and
8.3.2 Detailed descriptions and drawings showing the load-
product evaluation.
ing mechanism and placement of superimposed loads applied
to the specimen.
NOTE 9—The inspection requirement for field-applied fire-protection is
8.3.3 Calculations demonstrating that the superimposed
intended to ensure that the application of fire protection meets manufac-
load resulted in not less than 50% of the load associated with turer specifications and complies with requirements and limitations based
on qualification testing. For fire protection using common construction
the ASD reference design value in bending for the floor
methods and materials using typical mechanical fasteners, the intent is not
framing member(s) and calculations showing the percentage of
to require special inspections. However, where the effectiveness of the fire
floor framing member demand to capacity at the location of
protection, as described in the test report, relies upon special material
holes or other critical sections.
configurations, unusual methods of attachment, special surface
8.3.4 A graph showing time-temperature data throughout
preparations, heat-resistant adhesives, or other details that cannot be
the duration of the test relative to the E119 time-temperature readily assessed after installation is completed, special inspection should
be considered.
curve.
8.3.5 Graphs illustrating the assembly center-span deflec-
10. Precision and Bias
tion and the deflection rate, as functions of elapsed time.
10.1 The precision and bias of the test method included in
9. Use of Fire-Resistant Floor Framing Members in
this specification have not been established.
Construction
9.1 All components that provide some or all of the required
11. Keywords
fire resistance to the floor framing members shall be installed
11.1 factory-applied; field-applied; fire; floor framing mem-
as intended for use and as described and detailed in the test
report. bers; floor joist; inspection
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D8391 − 22
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION PROVIDED BY FIRE-RESISTIVE PAINTS, COATINGS, OR CHEMICAL
TREATMENTS
A1.1 Fire protection provided by fire-resistive paints, (3) Benchmark materials shall consist of unprotected struc-
coatings, or chemical treatments, whether intended to be tural composite lumber, unprotected sawn lumber of any
applied directly to the floor framing member or to other species or species combination identified in NDS Supplement
components that are attached to the floor framing member shall 2.1, or unprotected wood structural panels complying with PS
be evaluated in accordance with and meet the requirements and 1 or PS 2.
conditions of A1.2 through A1.5. (4) The unprotected benchmark and the protected materials
shall be tested with SAE 1010 uncoated carbon steel coupons
A1.1.1 Factory-applied fire-resistive paints, coatings or
as specified in AWPA E12.
chemical treatments shall be applied with oversight by an
(5) The unprotected benchmark and protected materials
inspection agency accredited under ISO/IEC 17020 by a
shall be tested under conditions of 90 % relative humidity
...