77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
ICS 77.140.80 Details
Iron and steel castings
Gu?stucke
Fontes et aciers moulés
Železni in jekleni ulitki
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.140.80 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Iron and steel castings". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 687 standards classified under ICS 77.140.80 (Iron and steel castings). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a procedure for the evaluation of centreline segregation of continuously cast slabs, including sampling, sample preparation and evaluation method. This document is applicable for low carbon steel slabs for pipe production manufactured by continuous casting. These steels have a typical chemical composition as follows (mass percentages): — C ≤ 0,12 % — Mn ≤ 2,0 % — Si ≤ 0,5 % — Ti + Nb + V ≤ 0,2 % The common dimensions of these slabs are in the following ranges: — Slab width: 800 mm to 2 600 mm — Slab thickness: 150 mm to 450 mm The evaluation methods covered by this document are based on macroscopic etching of slab samples followed by visual inspection by means of human eye or camera systems. The procedures for sampling described in 5.1 to 5.3 of this document are applicable to steels slabs in general (e. g. other steel grades or dimensions). However, the etching procedure (see 5.4) in combination with the evaluation methods described in Clause 6 have been developed especially for the application on pipeline steels as given above. Thus, they are not applicable to other steel grades, product types or dimensions without a prior validation. Any extension or modification beyond the scope of this document necessitates a separate agreement between producer and customer.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables.
This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables.
This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment casting process. NOTE The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in this document form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This document relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition given in Table 1, and mechanical properties in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The comparison of observed graphite particles with the structures shown in the charts give only purely descriptive information on the type, distribution, and size of the graphite in the sample being evaluated. It does not indicate, except in a very broad way, the origin of the graphite or the suitability of the iron-carbon alloy for a particular service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the classification of graphite in cast irons in terms of type, distribution, and size by visual comparison to reference photomicrographs. This test method is intended to be applicable for all iron-carbon alloys containing graphite particles, and may be applied to gray irons, malleable irons, compacted graphite irons, and the ductile (nodular) irons.
1.2 The reference photomicrographs included in this test method are in no way to be construed as specifications. In an appropriate specification for a specific material where graphite microstructure is an important consideration, this test method may be used as a reference to concisely define the graphite microstructure required.
1.3 These reference photomicrographs are offered primarily to permit accurate reporting of microstructures of cast irons and to facilitate the comparison of reports by different laboratories or investigators.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel and iron castings by means of X-rays or gamma-rays.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel castings, surface acceptance standards, magnetic particle and liquid penetrant inspection. Liquid penetrant inspection or magnetic particle inspection shall be used for nondestructive inspection. Personnel performing examination shall be qualified in accordance with an acceptable written procedure as agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. All relevant indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria. Individual relevant linear and nonlinear indications exceeding the specified acceptance levels shall be considered unacceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel castings when nondestructively examined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection.
1.2 This specification is to be used wherever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the acceptance standards for magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection shall be in accordance with Specification A903/A903M.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferrous metal injection molded (MIM) materials fabricated by mixing elemental or pre-alloyed metal powders with binders, injecting into a mold, debinding, and sintering with or without subsequent heat treatment. These materials are: low-alloy steel produced from admixtures of iron powder and other alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum (MIM-2200 and MIM-2700); low-alloy steel produced from admixtures of iron powder and other alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and carbon (MIM-4605); austenitic stainless steel produced from pre-alloyed powder or an admixture of powders (MIM-316L); precipitation hardening stainless steel produced from pre-alloyed powder or an admixture of powders (MIM-17-4 PH); and ferritic stainless steel produced from pre-alloyed powder or an admixture of powders (MIM-430L). Chemical analysis shall be performed for the elements copper, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel. The materials shall be subjected to tensile test and unnotched Charpy impact energy test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferrous metal injection molded materials fabricated by mixing elemental or pre-alloyed metal powders with binders, injecting into a mold, debinding, and sintering, with or without subsequent heat treatment.
1.2 This specification covers the following injection molded materials.
1.2.1 Compositions:
1.2.1.1 MIM-2200, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.2 MIM-2700, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.3 MIM-4605, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.4 MIM-4140, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.5 MIM-316L, austenitic stainless steel
1.2.1.6 MIM-17-4 PH, precipitation hardening stainless steel
1.2.1.7 MIM-420, martensitic stainless steel
1.2.1.8 MIM-430L, ferritic stainless steel
1.2.1.9 MIM-440, martensitic stainless steel
1.2.1.10 MIM-Cu, copper
1.3 Chemical composition limits are specified in Table 1.
1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses or in separate tables are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies cast steels for general corrosion-resistant applications. The grades covered by this document represent types of alloy steel castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion applications. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product standard applies. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 applies. This document also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which can be applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies chemical composition and mechanical properties of cast steels and alloys for heat-resistant service.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for four grades of heat-treated cast carbon and alloy steels for general engineering and structural purposes. In cases where castings are produced by welding component parts together, this document does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment. The four steel grades are intended for service at ambient temperature.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings by the longitudinal-beam technique. Calibration shall be executed by either flat-bottomed hole or back-wall reflection. The instrument to be used for examination shall be the ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type. Personnel and equipment qualifications, materials preparation, casting and test conditions, data recording methods, and the acceptance standards for both types of testing procedure are all detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the standards and procedures for the pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings.
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that castings are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A609/A609M.
1.3 This practice contains two procedures. Procedure A is the original A609/A609M practice and requires calibration using a series of test blocks containing flat-bottomed holes. It also provides supplementary requirements for angle beam testing. Procedure B requires calibration using a back wall reflection from a series of solid calibration blocks.
Note 1: Ultrasonic examination and radiography are not directly comparable. This examination technique is intended to complement Guide E94/E94M in the detection of discontinuities.
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.5.2 This practice is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds. Castings under this specification are classified into a number of grades (A-SA, A-SB, A-SC, A-SS, A-CA, A-CB, A-CC, N-SA, N-SB, N-SC,N-SS, N-CA, N-CB and N-CC) based on the properties of separately cast test bars. The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized; followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored casting; followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. The cast test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting and shall have the specified dimensions (diameter and length). Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided the tensile strength and Brinell hardness requirements are met. The chemical composition and heat treatment shall be such as to produce these mechanical requirements as well. A suitable permanent mold design for separately cast test bars is described and the tension test requirements are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with abrasion-resistant cast irons used for mining, milling, earth-handling, and manufacturing industries. These alloys may be made by melting process and shall have microstructures that consist of carbides, martensite, bainite, austenite, and in exceptional cases, minor amounts of graphite or pearlite. The following conditions for casting will be supplied: as-cast, as-cast and stress relieved, hardened, hardened and stress relieved, or softened for machining. Heat treatment shall be done. The chemical composition of a class and type (that is, Class I, Type A) shall conform to the range of values specified for carbon, manganese, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, phosphorus, and sulfur. Hardness test shall also be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of white cast irons that have been alloyed to secure high resistance to abrasive wear in the applications of the mining, milling, earth-handling, and manufacturing industries.
1.2 Simple and low-alloy white cast irons that consist essentially of iron carbides and pearlite are specifically excluded from this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. The castings covered here are Type D-2M, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The castings shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. The castings shall undergo tension tests and impact tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.
1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free of flake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix down to −423 °F [−252 °C] (liquid hydrogen).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion resistance steel castings capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment. The steel shall be made by electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. The steel materials shall also undergo homogenization heat treatment, solution annealing heat treatment, precipitation hardening and shall conform to the required values of temperature and time and cooling treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, columbium, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion-resistant steel castings, capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment.
1.2 These castings may be used in services requiring corrosion resistance and high strengths at temperatures up to 600 °F [315 °C]. They may be machined in the solution heat-treated condition and subsequently precipitation hardened to the desired high-strength mechanical properties specified in Table S51.1 with little danger of cracking or distortion.
1.3 The material is not intended for use in the solution heat-treated condition.
Note 1: If the service environment in which the material is to be used is considered conducive to stress-corrosion cracking, precipitation hardening should be performed at a temperature that will minimize the susceptibility of the material to this type of attack.
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear-resistant service. The grades covered by this document will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of the casting is subject to impact.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies cast steel and alloy grades with special physical properties. The cast steel and alloy grades covered by this document are used in applications which require low linear thermal expansion, or low ferromagnetic responses, or low galling properties. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designations.
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This document specifies cast steel and nickel alloy grades for elevated temperature service products manufactured by centrifugal casting.
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This document specifies the requirements for horizontal and vertical centrifugally cast steel and alloy products to be used in the following applications: a) heat resisting; b) corrosion resisting; c) general engineering.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes. Heat and product analyses shall be performed on the material and the chemical composition shall conform to the prescribed values for carbon, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, also for residual elements like vanadium, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Tensile test shall be made and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Charpy V-notch testing shall be done to determine the impact properties on each heat by specimen type like coupons representing the weld deposits and coupons representing the heat-affected zone. Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding procedure qualification test. After machining, each pressure-containing casting shall undergo hydrostatic pressure testing and shall not leak.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure containing parts such as pressure vessels, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder, and for service at the specified temperatures. The melting procedure shall be optional with the foundry and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the chilled white iron exterior and gray iron interior. The chilled white iron exterior shall be made to the specified minimum hardness and the gray iron portion of the roll shall conform to the applicable class as determined by design requirements. The roll shall conform to the tensile strength requirement to be determined by tensile test and shall meet the required thickness. All surfaces shall be machined or ground, or both, prior to the rolls being placed into service.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [232 °C].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings that are subsequently heat treated by an austempering process. The chemical composition requirements may be agreed upon between the manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser. Requirements for the microstructure constituents such as graphite, ausferrite (acicular ferrite and high carbon, stable austenite), pearlite, and martensite are prescribed. The iron shall conform to the mechanical property requirements including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact energy, and Brinell hardness. Castings shall be heat treated by an austempering process detailed in this specification. The standard specimens for tension and Charpy impact tests are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings that are subsequently heat treated by an austempering process as defined in 9.1.
1.2 The application of the austempering heat treatment extends the range of properties achievable in ductile iron castings.
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). However, austempering heat treatment will tend to diminish any differences in mechanical properties.
1.4 The production of castings, machining (if required), and the austempering heat treatments may be performed by different manufacturers, as covered in Section 13. The purchaser should establish by contract agreement, at the time of ordering, the responsibility of the various parties for meeting the specification requirements.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for high-silicon iron castings of Grades 1, 2, and 3 intended for severe environment corrosion-resistant services. The alloy shall be produced by any melting and casting process, or combination of processes that will be capable of meeting the specified contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and copper. Reference analysis methods are given for each chemical component. Transverse bend test and hydrostatic test shall be performed. Material shall conform to minimum load at center and minimum deflection at center requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high-silicon cast iron castings intended for corrosion-resistant service.
1.2 This specification covers three grades as shown in Table 1. Selection of grade depends on the corrosive service to be experienced by the casting. All three grades are suited for application in severe corrosive environments. However, Grade 2 is particularly suited for application in strong chloride environments, and Grade 3 is recommended for impressed current anodes.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings for use in pressure containing paper mill dryer rolls. The castings shall be stress relieved through heat treatment and shall undergo chemical analysis and conform to the required chemical composition in total carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. Tension test specimens shall be obtained from test coupons poured from the same iron as the castings represented and shall conform to the prescribed mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation. Hardness test shall be conducted on the material and shall meet the required Brinell hardness value.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for use in pressure-containing paper mill dryer rolls at temperatures up to 450 °F [230 °C].
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements. These iron castings shall meet the specified values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the casting shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, and phosphorous. The material shall meet the required tensile properties, hardness, and microstructure. The iron casting shall undergo pressure test after machining. The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall be indicated. The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not exceed the prescribed limit. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas shall not be less than twice the distance from the nearest plug. Three Y-blocks shall be utilized as test coupons. The material shall undergo the following test methods: tension test, chemical analysis, yield strength test, and hardness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450 °F. For temperatures above 450 °F and up to 650 °F, only Grade 60-40-18 castings are suitable (Note 1).
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components are generally manufactured in advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A834 may be utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A536 for Ductile Iron Castings.2
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings used for their resistance to heat, corrosion and wear. The castings shall be melt processed using cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces or crucible furnaces. The iron castings shall undergo magnetic permeability test. Samples taken from test coupons, broken test specimens, or castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium. Mechanical tests shall be performed wherein the iron casting specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with compacted graphite iron castings. These materials shall be examined metallographically for the acceptance graphite formation. The acceptable graphite formation in the microstructure of the test coupon or casting lug shall contain 80% minimum Type IV graphite. The iron shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Test bars and test coupons shall be cast in dried, baked, or chemically bonded molds consisting of an aggregate of silica sand with appropriate bonders and shall be subjected to the same thermal treatment as the castings they represent.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings made of compacted graphite iron, which is described as cast iron with the graphite in compacted (vermiform) shapes and essentially free of flake graphite in the bulk of the casting.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of iron in the various locations of the same casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in Figs. 1-3 are standard. SI units are added for information only.
Note 1: The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).
FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel Block
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general. The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as to produce the mechanical properties required by this specification. Hardness test and tensile test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified. The microstructure of the pearlitic malleable iron shall consist of temper carbon nodules uniformly distributed in a matrix of ferrite, pearlite, and tempered transformation products of austenite. All castings on visual examination, shall be sound and free from obvious shrinkage and porosity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambient to approximately 750 °F [400 °C].
1.1.1 For continuous service at temperatures up to 1200 °F [650 °C], design factors should be incorporated to compensate for possible property changes, as demonstrated by Marshall and Sommer2 and by Pearson.3
1.2 Without knowledge of casting geometry and process details, no quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in the various locations of a casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in automotive products and industries. Castings shall be heat treated and shall be of Grades M3210, M4504, M5003, M5503, M7002, and M8501. Materials shall conform to the specified hardness range. Materials shall follow specified microstructure requirements based on distribution of temper-carbon nodules in the metal matrix. All grades shall have a minimum concentration of spheroidal primary carbides in the microstructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferritic malleable castings for general engineering usage. The castings are classified as Grade 32510. The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as to produce the structural and mechanical properties required by this specification. Tension test may be machined from the standard cast bar to the required dimensions. The microstructure of the malleable iron shall consist of temper carbon nodules distributed through ferritic matrix and shall be free of excessive pearlite, massive carbides, and primary graphite. All castings, on visual examination, shall be sound and free of obvious shrinkage and porosity. The castings shall conform to the dimensions given by this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers ferritic malleable castings for general engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambient to approximately 400 °C [750 °F].
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers centrifugally cast cylinders with an outer layer of white cast iron and the remainder of the material of gray cast iron. These castings are suitable for pressure containing parts of the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The white iron portion of the cylinder shall be made to a minimum hardness and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the two metal layers. All surfaces shall be machined prior to the cylinders being placed into service. The tensile strength of the cast irons shall be measured by tension testing while the thickness of the white cast iron shall be determined by ultrasonic testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers centrifugally cast cylinders with an outer layer of white cast iron and the remainder of the material of gray cast iron. These castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. These castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [230 °C].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable low temperature service. Castings shall be produced by casting or heat treatment and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides. The iron shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel and chromium. The iron shall conform to the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated and the percentage of each graphite type shall be estimated. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40 °F [–40 °C] and above.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the design, material, manufacturing and testing of cast iron pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts made from materials for which details are specified from the following material standards for specific grades which meet the criterion of an elongation after fracture less than or equal to 15 %:
- EN 1561:2011, Founding - Grey cast irons;
- EN 1563:2018, Founding - Spheroidal graphite cast irons;
- EN 13835:2012, Founding - Austenitic cast irons.
The application of this document is limited to pressure equipment and pressure parts containing a fluid of group 2 (non-hazardous fluid) according to the European legislation for pressure equipment.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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