ASTM B883-24

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B883 − 19 B883 − 24
Standard Specification for
Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers ferrous metal injection molded materials fabricated by mixing elemental or pre-alloyed metal
powders with binders, injecting into a mold, debinding, and sintering, with or without subsequent heat treatment.
1.2 This specification covers the following injection molded materials.
1.2.1 Compositions:
1.2.1.1 MIM-2200, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.2 MIM-2700, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.3 MIM-4605, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.4 MIM-4140, low-alloy steel
1.2.1.5 MIM-316L, austenitic stainless steel
1.2.1.6 MIM-17-4 PH, precipitation hardening stainless steel
1.2.1.7 MIM-420, martensitic stainless steel
1.2.1.8 MIM-430L, ferritic stainless steel
1.2.1.9 MIM-440, martensitic stainless steel
1.2.1.10 MIM-Cu, copper
1.3 Chemical composition limits are specified in Table 1.
1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.11 on Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019Feb. 1, 2024. Published May 2019February 2024. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20172019 as
B883 – 17.B883 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/B0883-19.10.1520/B0883-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B883 − 24
standard. The values given in parentheses or in separate tables are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
B933 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought
Iron
E415 Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques
E1086 Test Method for Analysis of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E1461 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
E1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
F1089 Test Method for Corrosion of Surgical Instruments
2.2 MPIF Standards:
MPIF Standard 35-MIM Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts
MPIF Standard 50 Method for Preparing and Evaluating Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Debound and Sintered/Heat Treated
Tension Test Specimens
MPIF Standard 51 Method for Determination of Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Materials
MPIF Standard 59 Method for Determination of Charpy Impact Energy of Unnotched Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Test
Specimens
MPIF Standard 62 Method for Determination of the Corrosion Resistance of MIM Grades of Stainless Steel Immersed in 2 %
Sulfuric Acid Solution
MPIF Standard 63 Method for Density Determination of Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Components (Gas Pycnometer)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information is available
in the Related Material Section of Vol. 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for parts conforming to this specification may include the following:
4.1.1 ASTM designation,
4.1.2 Alloy composition including carbon content (see Table 1),
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd. East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692, http://www.mpif.org.
B883 − 24
4.1.3 Heat treatment condition and hardness (see Tables 2-5),
4.1.4 Functional or mechanical property testing (see 7.3 – 7.7 and Tables 2-5),
4.1.5 Corrosion resistance testing (see 8.1 – 8.1.4 and Table 6),
4.1.6 Thermal conductivity testing (see 9.1–9.2 and Table 7 and Table 8),
4.1.7 Thermal expansion testing (see 10.1–10.2 and Table 9 and Table 10),
4.1.8 Purchaser or purchaser’s representative desire to witness the inspection and testing of material prior to shipment (see 12.2),
4.1.9 Requirement for certification of material and a report of test results (see 14.1),
4.1.10 Requirement for full or partial chemical analysis (see Section 6), and
4.1.11 Other special requirements as mutually agreed.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Parts shall be made by injection molding mixtures of metal powder with binders, debinding, and sintering, with or without
subsequent heat treatment. The material shall conform to the designations in 1.2.1 and meet the chemical composition specified
in Table 1.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Metal injection molded material shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 Chemical analysis for the elements copper, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel shall be determined in accordance with Test
Methods E415 (preferred method), E350, E1086, Guide E1621, Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry
(ICP-AES), Atomic Absorption (AA), or any such method as shall be agreed upon between buyer and seller. Analysis of the
element carbon shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019, via optical emission spectroscopy, or other method
agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.
7. Mechanical and Physical Property Requirements
7.1 The preferred method of verifying the acceptable performance of a finished part is a qualification test to be performed on an
actual part. The specific test should be determined following consideration of the function of the part, and should be agreed upon
between manufacturer and purchaser.
7.2 Mandatory and typical mechanical properties of materials covered by this specification are shown in Tables 2-10.
7.3 Tensile Properties:
7.3.1 The tensile properties of MIM materials shall be measured using test specimens prepared and evaluated in accordance with
MPIF Standard 50.
7.3.2 Tensile Test Method—When requested in the purchase order, tensile specimens shall be prepared and processed along with
production parts. Tensile specimens shall be tested in accordance with Test Methods E8. Yield strength shall be determined by the
0.2 % offset method. MPIF Standard 50 governs the manufacture of the test bars, while Test Methods E8 governs the testing
procedure.
7.4 Impact Energy Properties:
7.4.1 Typical impact energy properties of materials covered by this specification are shown in Tables 2-5.
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7.4.2 The impact energy properties of MIM materials shall be measured using test specimens prepared and evaluated in
accordance with MPIF Standard 59.
7.4.3 Impact Energy Test Method—When requested in the purchase order, impact energy specimens shall be prepared and
processed along with production parts.
7.5 Density:
7.5.1 The density of MIM materials shall be measured in accordance with Test Method B311 or MPIF Standard 63. If a test
specimen gains mass when immersed in water, it shall be tested in accordance with Test Methods B962.
7.6 Apparent Hardness—The apparent hardness of MIM materials shall be measured in accordance with Test Methods E18.
7.7 Microindentation Hardness—The microindentation hardness of MIM materials shall be measured in accordance with Test
Method B933 or MPIF Standard 51.
8. Corrosion Resistance Requirements
8.1 Corrosion Resistance:
8.1.1 The preferred method of verifying the acceptable performance of a finished part is a qualification test to be performed on
an actual part. The specific test should be determined following consideration of the function of the part, and should be agreed upon
between manufacturer and purchaser.
8.1.2 Typical corrosion resistance of materials covered by this specification is shown in Table 6.
8.1.3 The corrosion resistance of MIM materials shall be measured using test specimens prepared in accordance with MPIF
Standard 59.
8.1.4 Corrosion Resistance Test Method—When requested in the purchase order, corrosion resistance specimens shall be prepared
and processed along with production parts. MPIF Standard 59 governs the manufacture of specimens, but Test Method F1089
governs corrosion resistance testing for copper sulfate and boiling water. MPIF Standard 62 governs corrosion resistance testing
for sulfuric acid.
9. Thermal Conductivity Requirements
9.1 Mandatory and typical thermal conductivity values for MIM-Cu are shown in Table 7 and Table 8.
9.2 The thermal conductivity of MIM materials shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E1461.
10. Thermal Expansion Coefficient
10.1 The typical coefficients of thermal expansion for MIM-Cu material are shown in Table 9 and Table 10.
10.2 The coefficient of thermal expansion for MIM-Cu was determined in accordance with Test Method E228. A push-rod
dilatometer was used for the tests, using a 1.8 °F ⁄min (1 °C ⁄min) heating rate in air atmosphere. The average coefficient of thermal
expansion was determined at room temperature [68 °F (20 °C)] up to a series of temperatures.
11. Sampling
11.1 Testing—The manufacturer and purchaser shall mutually agree upon the number of specimens to represent the lot for
qualification, chemical, mechanical, or corrosion resistance property testing.
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12. Inspection
12.1 Inspection of the parts supplied under this specification shall be the responsibility of the manufacturer or a mutually agreed
upon third party.
12.2 If the purchaser desires that a representative witness the inspection and testing of the material prior to shipment, such a
requirement shall be part of the purchase order.
13. Rejection
13.1 Parts that fail to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to the
manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing.
14. Certification
14.1 When specified in the purchase order, a manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser that the parts were
manufactured, samples tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification and found to meet its requirements. When
specified in the purchase order, a report of the test results shall be furnished.
15. Keywords
15.1 coefficient of thermal expansion; corrosion resistance; low-alloy steels; mechanical properties; metal injection molded parts;
metal injection molded steels; metal injection molding (MIM); metal powders; MIM; PIM; powder injection molding; sintered
steels; stainless steels; thermal conductivity; unnotched Charpy impact energy
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements For Metal Injection Molded Materials (weight %)
Material
Fe Ni Cr Co Mo C Cu Si Mn Nb + Ta V Other
Designation
MIM-2200 Min. Bal. 1.5 - - - - - - - - - -
Max. Bal. 2.5 - - 0.5 0.1 - 1.0 - - - 1.0
MIM-2700 Min. Bal. 6.5 - - - - - - - - - -
Max. Bal. 8.5 - - 0.5 0.1 - 1.0 - - - 1.0
MIM-4605 Min. Bal. 1.5 - - 0.2 0.4 - - - - - -
Max. Bal. 2.5 - - 0.5 0.6 - 1.0 - - - 1.0
MIM-4140 Min. Bal. - 0.8 - 0.2 0.3 - - - - - -
Max. Bal. - 1.2 - 0.3 0.5 - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.0
MIM-316L Min. Bal. 10 16 - 2 - - - - - - -
Max. Bal. 14 18 - 3 0.03 - 1.0 2.0 - - 1.0
MIM-420 Min. Bal. - 12 - - 0.15 - - - - - -
Max. Bal. - 14 - - 0.4 - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0
MIM-430L Min. Bal. - 16 - - - - - - - - -
Max. Bal. - 18 - - 0.05 - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0
MIM-440 Min. Bal. - 16 - - 0.9 - - - - - -
Max. Bal. 0.6 18 - 0.75 1.25 - 1.0 1.0 3.5 - -
MIM-
...