SIST - Slovenian Institute for Standardization

This document describes the state of knowledge resulting from Urban Rail experiences regarding the design of the axle, and further steps to be investigated.
CEN-CENELEC Guide 26 from 1st of June 2013 or EN 17343:2023 defines Urban Rail Systems.
This document:
—   is applicable for the assessment of new axle designs for urban rail vehicles;
—   defines EN 13103-1 as basic calculation method2;
—   defines the calculation procedure of an operational index depending on track layout, payload, mileage, position of the wheelset axle in vehicle. This procedure is based on the examination of Europe-wide service experiences and calculations made on urban rail wheelset axles running in Germany3;
—   defines the conditions, reflected in this operational index, under which additional assessment steps may be needed;
—   defines these additional assessment steps, including measurements of bending and torsion moments to derive load collectives representative of normal in-service operating conditions and the determination of equivalent stresses.
The design methodologies described in this document have been determined for axles of urban rail rolling stocks running under normal European conditions.  If there is any doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, these methodologies should be adapted.
This document applies to:
—   axles defined in EN 13261:2024;
—   axles with outboard bearings ;
—   powered and non-powered axles;
—   solid and hollow axles;
—   all track gauges4.
This document does not apply to tilting vehicles.
The calculation of wheelset axles for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this document only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. This document does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately.
2 When no sufficient technical or operational data is available, EN 13103-1 can be used.
3 This Technical Specification reflects the state of knowledge resulting from Urban Rail experiences regarding the design of the axle, built-on by subcommittee DIN specially based for this Technical Specification
4 If the gauge is not standard, certain formulae need to be adapted, e.g. according to EN 13103-1:2017+A1:2022

This document defines the general terms and the calculations used to determine the thermohydraulic performance of heat exchangers. It includes the general test procedure and related theories.
This document is intended to be used for acceptance-testing heat exchangers in test facilities such as laboratories, manufacturer test facilities and final installation site.
This document specifies three acceptance levels:
—   level 1 for minimum tolerances;
—   level 2 for nominal tolerances;
—   level 3 for maximum tolerances;
This document constitutes an application-specific standard in line with EN 305 and EN 306.

This document gives guidance on the design of natural ventilation systems and hybrid ventilation systems in non-residential buildings to achieve acceptable indoor air quality. It is applicable to spaces intended for human occupancy in non-residential buildings.
The guidance for design in this document is applicable to natural ventilation systems and hybrid ventilation systems, encompassing the natural ventilation part of the hybrid ventilation systems, only. The type of control and the design process of hybrid ventilation systems is covered by this document.
This document does not set the requirements for the indoor air quality, but utilizes these as input parameters when designing natural ventilation systems and hybrid ventilation systems.
This document does not apply to:
-   thermal comfort and overheating;
-   health risk from exposure to tobacco smoke;
-   air cleaning;
-   design of mechanical ventilation systems.

This document specifies for passenger lifts and goods passenger lifts:
the verification of door locking devices;
the verification of safety gears;
the verification of overspeed governors;
the verification of buffers;
the verification of safety circuits and SIL-rated circuits;
the verification of ascending car overspeed protection means;
the verification of unintended car movement protection means;
the verification of rupture valves and one-way restrictors;
the verification of suspension and compensation means;
the discard criteria for suspension means and sheaves;
the calculation of guide rails;
the calculation of rams, cylinders, rigid pipes and fittings;
the evaluation of the traction;
the evaluation of the safety factor on suspension means;
the pendulum shock tests;
the fault exclusion for electric and electronic components;
the design rules for SIL-rated circuits.
This document is not applicable to passenger lifts, goods passenger lifts or lift components, which are installed or manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to hand-held or hand-operated laser processing machines (HLMs), when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. HLM is the machine, as defined in ISO 11553-1:2020, 3.7, in which laser radiation is generated, where the laser provides sufficient energy/power to cause a phase transition in a part of the workpiece and where the laser output or workpiece to be processed is guided manually or hand-held during the laser material processing.
This document defines general design requirements of HLM. HLM includes the laser device, beam-guiding device (e.g. mirror, fibre, lenses), beam-shaping device (e.g. telescope, focusing), and controls. The laser assembly as an integral part of the HLM or only the laser processing head is hand-held or hand-operated during the laser material processing.
This document does not apply
— to laser processing machines which are remotely controlled by a manual controller (hand-operated controller), such as joy sticks, keyboard, etc., without touching a workpiece or a part mechanically connected with the laser material processing head by using the hand(s) of the operator (user)
— to laser processing machines without a drive system which may not belong to machinery. And the laser processing apparatus without moving parts, which may not be considered as machinery in “Type C standard”.
— to medical or cosmetic applications for the treatment of living human or animal tissue;
— to weapon applications, (e.g. such as with regard to military applications, direct close combat.)
NOTE “hand-operated laser processing machine” is synonymous with “hand-guided laser processing machine” in this document. Hand-operated laser processing machines often use manual force reduction means such as wheels, supports, etc., for manual positioning of the laser processing heads or the workpieces.
It is applicable to HLMs using laser radiation to process materials.
The purpose of this document is to draw attention to the hazards related to HLMs and to prevent personal injury. Depending on the application and the location/operating conditions of HLMs, a number of different significant hazards can arise. This document describes both the areas of hazards analysis and risk assessment as well as protective measures.
Requirements dealing with noise as a hazard are covered by ISO 11553-3:2013.
This document does not apply to laser products or equipment manufactured solely or expressly for applications which are excluded from the Scope of ISO 11553-1:2020. This document is not applicable for HLMs which have been manufactured before the date of publication of this standard.

This document is applicable to all water slides installed at open water areas for public use or in swimming pools for public use.
This document establishes the instructions for use, operation, and maintenance as well as the documentation of water slides.

This part of the EN 13451 series specifies safety requirements for diving platforms, diving springboards and associated equipment in addition to the general safety requirements of EN 13451-1 and is meant to be read in conjunction with it.
The requirements of this part of the EN 13451 series take priority over those in EN 13451-1.
This part of the EN 13451 series is applicable to platforms and springboards, and associated equipment for use in classified swimming pools as specified in EN 15288-1 and EN 15288-2.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the tear strength of flexible cellular polymeric materials:
Method A, using a trouser test piece;
Method B, using an angle test piece without a nick.

This document provides a method of describing the materials, impregnates and lubricants for various types of yarn and ribbon based packings intended for use as gland seals in mechanical equipment such as pumps, mixers, etc. This document is intended to serve as a guide for packing manufacturers, pump OEM’s and end users. It does not include similar products intended for other duties such as thermal insulation.
Guidance is also given regarding dimensional and physical quality aspects of the packings and requirements for packaging and marking.
Tests are specified for the determination of lubricant content, size and mass.
NOTE 1   The information supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and/or order is given in Annex B.
NOTE 2   All packings are free from introduced asbestos fibres in conformance with Annex XVII of REACH.

This document is applicable to all water slides installed at open water areas for public use or in swimming pools for public use.
This document specifies general safety requirements for water slides installed at open water areas for public use or in swimming pools for public use and specific requirements for defined types of water slides. These specific safety requirements are also applicable to undefined types as far as possible.
These requirements concern safety and the technical rules for design, calculation and testing.

This document describes the technical features of parcel boxes for end use. This covers technical features such as size of parcels, ergonomics and safety, corrosion and water penetration resistance and security of delivery.

This document specifies requirements, test methods, marking and information to be supplied for autobelay devices, intended to protect against falls during recreational use in a climbing structure. An autobelay device is a movable personal fall protection system for single person use.
This document does not specify requirements for descender devices or retractable fall arresters that are used for descending/climbing in mountaineering, rescue, rope access, fall arrest or work positioning systems.
NOTE 1   A climbing structure is e.g. a ropes course, a climbing gym.
NOTE 2   An autobelay device which enables the user to belay and descent himself/herself and which conforms to this document is personal protective equipment (PPE).
NOTE 3   For mountaineering standards, see Annex E.

This document specifies the fundamental principles and concepts of conformity assessment schemes (programmes) and provides guidelines for understanding, developing, operating or maintaining them.

This document provides complementary product category rules (c-PCR) for Type III environmental product declarations (EPD) for flat glass and channel shaped glass products for use in buildings and construction works. It describes stages of product’s life cycle considered in the EPD and the processes included in life cycle stages.
Glass-block products are excluded from the scope. All other glass products i.e. intermediate and finished products, intended to be used in buildings and construction works, are in the scope of this document.
Examples of glass products covered by this c-PCR are listed in Annex H.

This document specifies calculation and verification methods for evaluating the spill light coming from the electric light sources of lighting installations in public and non-public outdoor areas, in the following application fields:
-   lighting installations in outdoor workplaces (ref. EN 12464-2);
-   road lighting installations (ref. CEN/TR 13201-1, EN 13201 series);
-   lighting installations for outdoor sports fields and areas (ref. EN 12193);
-   monument and architectural lighting installations;
-   lighting installations for the outdoor areas of residential buildings;
-   lighting installations for the outdoor areas of parks and gardens.
This document also considers luminous signs and luminous advertising installations in outdoor areas and the light emission from illuminated environments covered by translucent surfaces.
With the exception of lighting installations within premises located and designed for observation from exterior observers light emitted from windows, skylights and shop windows are excluded.
The calculation methods described are intended as an integral part of the lighting design and are suitable for evaluating consistency with any regulatory conditions.
Due to the complexity of the phenomena and the numerous variables, this document does not consider the influence of atmospheric conditions in evaluating obtrusive light.
This document does not apply to lighting installations for tunnels and underpasses and to all signalling devices such as traffic lights, active road signs and the like, or to vehicle headlamps.
This document additionally considers the spectral composition of the light concerned, as well as the room brightening at building openings not intentionally lit in the above application areas and any glare effects from these.

This document defines the terms and specifies the requirements, means of categorization, test methods, minimum labelling requirements and instructions for use of the article, for ignition devices (except ignition devices for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles) of the following generic types:
-   igniters;
-   components for pyrotechnic trains;
-   pyrotechnic cords and fuses;
-   delay fuses;
-   fuzes.
NOTE   Safety fuses are subject to Directive 2014/28/EU [9] and therefore not considered in this document.

The scope of this part of IEC 62351 is to facilitate role-based access control (RBAC) for power system management. RBAC assigns human users, automated systems, and software applications (collectively called "subjects" in this document) to specified "roles", and restricts their access to only those resources, which the security policies identify as necessary for their roles.
As electric power systems become more automated and cyber security concerns become more prominent, it is becoming increasingly critical to ensure that access to data (read, write, control, etc.) is restricted. As in many aspects of security, RBAC is not just a technology; it is a way of running a business. RBAC is not a new concept; in fact, it is used by many operating systems to control access to system resources. Specifically, RBAC provides an alternative to the all-ornothing super-user model in which all subjects have access to all data, including control commands.
RBAC is a primary method to meet the security principle of least privilege, which states that no subject should be authorized more permissions than necessary for performing that subject’s task. With RBAC, authorization is separated from authentication. RBAC enables an organization to subdivide super-user capabilities and package them into special user accounts' termed roles for assignment to specific individuals according to their associated duties. This subdivision enables security policies to determine who or what systems are permitted access to which data in other systems. RBAC thus provides a means of reallocating system controls as defined by the organization policy. In particular, RBAC can protect sensitive system operations from inadvertent (or deliberate) actions by unauthorized users. Clearly RBAC is not confined to human users though; it applies equally well to automated systems and software applications, i.e., software parts operating independent of user interactions.
The following interactions are in scope:
– local (direct wired) access to the object by a human user, a local and automated computer agent, or a built-in human machine interface (HMI) or panel;
– remote (via dial-up or wireless media) access to the object by a human user;
– remote (via dial-up or wireless media) access to the object by a remote automated computer agent, e.g., another object at another substation, a distributed energy resource at an enduser’s facility, or a control centre application.
While this document defines a set of mandatory roles to be supported, the exchange format for defined specific or custom roles is also in scope of this document. This is achieved by defining two different encoding approaches to handle the definition of custom roles, either based on specific permissions or based on constraints to existing permissions. The definition on handling custom based roles was started in IEC 62351-90-1 and taken over into the IEC 62351-8:2020. Moreover, additionally to the definition of custom roles based on associated permissions, this document also includes options how to assign permissions to objects in a general way. Referencing documents will provide a mapping to a concrete data model to ensure an interoperability for standard roles used in different data models as well as for custom defined roles. Referencing documents might be standards such as IEC PAS 61850-90-19 or IEC 60870-5-7:2025 or also definitions by an operator.
Out of scope for this document are all topics which are not directly related to the definition of roles and access tokens for local and remote access, especially administrative or organizational tasks, such as:
– definition of usernames and password definitions/policies;
– management of keys and/or key exchange;
– engineering process of roles;
– assignment of roles;
– selection of trusted certification authorities issuing credentials (access tokens);
– defining the tasks of a security officer;
– integrating local policies in RBAC.
NOTE Specifically, the manage

This part of IEC 61000 defines test methods for immunity to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations at the DC input power port of electrical or electronic equipment.
This document is applicable to equipment and systems whose DC input power ports are intended to be connected to low voltage DC networks external to the equipment and systems.
The object of this document is to establish a common and reproducible basis for testing electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions or
voltage variations on DC input power ports.
This document defines:
– the range of test levels;
– the test generator;
– the test set-up;
– the test procedure.
The test described hereinafter applies to electrical and electronic equipment and systems. It also applies to modules or subsystems whenever the equipment under test’s (EUT) rated power is greater than the test generator capacity specified in Clause 6.
The ripple at the DC input power port is not included in the scope of this document. It is covered by IEC 61000-4-17.
This document does not specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. Its main aim is to give a general basic reference to IEC product committees. These product committees (or users and manufacturers of equipment) remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment.

This document specifies the fundamental aspects of semantic interoperability for the S2 interface and the related data exchange between a CEM and the resource managers within the premises. It provides a technology independent set of data models and interaction patterns in order to enable applications for energy management within the premises. This document does not include:
– mappings to concrete data representations (XML, JSON and similar);
– mappings to application protocols for the message passing;
– security related aspects.
This group EE publication is primarily intended to be used as an EE standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also intended to be used by TCs in the preparation of publications for products which are included in the boundary mentioned in the scope of this document.

This part of IEC 61851 applies to the EV supply equipment to provide energy transfer between the supply network and electric vehicles (EVs), with a rated maximum voltage at side A (supply network side) up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC and a rated maximum voltage at side B (EV side) up to 1 250 V DC.
NOTE A rated maximum voltage of the EV supply equipment at side B of up to 1 500 V DC is under consideration.
This document specifies the EV supply equipment of megawatt charging system (MCS) equipped with a coupler according to IEC TS 63379. Systems different to MCS using a coupler specified in IEC TS 63379 are under consideration.
The requirements for bidirectional power flow systems are under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.
This document specifies systems with protective separation between side A and side B.
The requirements for digital communication between the EV supply equipment and the EV for control of energy transfer are defined in ISO 15118-10 and ISO 15118-20.
EV supply equipment in compliance with this document is not intended to provide energy transfer to a single EV using
– multiple vehicle connectors of the same EV supply equipment, or
– multiple EV supply equipment.
The requirements for such use cases are not specified in this document but are under consideration.
The requirements for EVs mated to EV supply equipment according to this document are specified in ISO 5474-3:2024, Annex B.

This document specifies calculation methods for determining the required mass flow to be relieved for each specified conditions described in Table 1.
Recommendations for pressure relief devices for cryostats are given in Annex A.

This document specifies minimum requirements applicable to design, final assessment, designation, marking and documentation for butterfly valves having metallic bodies for use with all type of pipe end connections (e.g. wafer, lug, flange, butt welding, threaded ends) and used for isolating, regulating or controlling applications.
The PN and Class ranges are:
-   PN 2,5; PN 6; PN 10; PN 16; PN 25; PN 40; PN 63; PN 100; PN 160;
-   Class 150; Class 300; Class 600; Class 900.
The size range is:
-   DN 20; DN 25; DN 32; DN 40; DN 50; DN 65; DN 80; DN 100; DN 125; DN 150; DN 200; DN 250; DN 300; DN 350; DN 400; DN 450; DN 500; DN 600; DN 700; DN 750; DN 800; DN 900; DN 1 000; DN 1 050; DN 1 100; DN 1 200; DN 1 400; DN 1 500; DN 1 600; DN 1 800; DN 2 000; DN 2 200; DN 2 400; DN 2 600; DN 2 800; DN 3 000; DN 3 200; DN 3 400; DN 3 600; DN 3 800; DN 4 000.
DN 750 and DN 1 050 apply only for Class 150 and Class 300.
NOTE   Sizes are listed in Table D.1.
For applications in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, EN 16668:2025 applies together with this document.
For chemical applications, EN 12569:2020 applies together with this document.
For gas distribution systems, EN 13774:2013 applies together with this document.
For gas transport systems, EN 1594:2024 applies together with this document.
For water supply application, EN 1074-2:2000 applies together with this document.
For process control application, EN 1349:2009 applies together with this document.
The correspondence between DN and NPS is given for information in Annex D.

This document specifies the design, testing and marking requirements for spring loaded pressure relief valves (PRV), for use in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of water capacity of 0,5 l up to and including 150 l.
These PRVs can be either an integral part of a cylinder valve (see EN ISO 14245 [4] and EN ISO 15995 [5]) or a separate device.

This document is applicable to electrical insulating matting made of flexible insulating material for use as a covering of the surface on which the worker is positioned and for worker´s electrical protection on electrical installations up to 36 000 V AC for AC use or 36 000 V AC and 54 000 V DC for AC/DC use.
NOTE 1 The electric potential of the surface on which the worker is positioned is usually that of earth.
NOTE 2 See 4.2 for maximum use voltage.
NOTE 3 DC only rated matting is not specified in this document.
NOTE 4 This document does not cover the use of insulating blankets (see IEC 61112)

This document a) addresses the support of safety extra low voltage (SELV) and limited power source (LPS) applications that provide remote power over: - 4-pair balanced cabling in accordance with the reference implementations of EN 50173 series using currents per conductor of up to 500 mA; - 1-pair balanced cabling using currents per conductor of up to 2 000 mA; and targets the support of applications that provide remote power over balanced cabling to terminal equipment,  b) covers the transmission and electrical parameters needed to support remote power over balanced cabling, c) covers various installation scenarios and how these may impact the capability of balanced cabling to support remote powering, d) specifies design and configuration of cabling as specified in EN 50173-1. NOTE SELV requirements specify a maximum voltage of 60 V DC and LPS is understood in the applications referenced to be up to 100 W supplied within cabling. This document includes a mathematical model to predict the behaviour of different bundle sizes, various cabling constructions, and installation conditions for different current capacities.

This European Standard specifies methods for measuring the performance of electric storage water
heaters for the production of sanitary hot water for household and similar use.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric storage water
heaters and to describe the test methods for measuring these characteristics.
NOTE 1 This standard does not apply to;
− storage water heaters that use electricity as a secondary source of heating the water;
− storage water heaters that do not use a tank to store hot water;
− electric storage water heaters that do not meet the minimum (or maximum) output performance of the smallest (or biggest)
load profile, as defined in Table 4.
NOTE 2 This standard does not specify performance or safety requirements. For safety requirements see EN 60335-1:2020 in
conjunction with EN 60335-2-21:2023

COMMENT The text of this clause may repeat information already given in some fields of the above title block. Essential information on the special type of components covered by the drafted detail specification may be added, preferably at the place marked with "…".
This detail specification specifies the characteristics and ratings of surface mount (SMD) film resistors for use in electronic equipment, which are typically assembled on the surface of circuit boards.
...
The resistors covered herein are classified to level G, as defined in IEC 60115-1:2020, 3.4 for general electronic equipment, typically operated under benign or moderate environmental conditions, where the major requirement is function. Examples for level G include consumer products and telecommunication user terminals.
This detail specification is based upon the blank detail specification IEC 60115-8-10:2026.
This detail specification establishes test schedules and performance requirements permitting the quality assessment of the resistors covered herein according to the quality assessment procedures prescribed by IEC 60115-1:2020, Annex Q.

NOTE Throughout this standard, the abbreviation ACS (ASSEMBLY for construction site, see 3.1.101) is used for a low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly intended for use on construction and similar sites.
This part of 61439 defines the specific requirements of ACS as follows:
- ASSEMBLIES for which the rated voltage does not exceed 1 000 V in case of AC or 1 500 V in case of DC;
- ASSEMBLIES where the nominal primary voltage and the nominal secondary voltage of transformers incorporated in ACS are within the limits specified above;
- ASSEMBLIES intended for use on construction sites, both indoors and outdoors, i.e. temporary places of work to which the public do not generally have access and where building construction, installation, repairs, alteration or demolition of property (buildings) or civil engineering (public works) or excavation or any other similar operations are carried out;
- transportable (semi-fixed) or mobile ASSEMBLIES with enclosure.
The manufacture and/or assembly may be carried out other than by the original manufacturer.
This standard does not apply to individual devices and self-contained components, such as motor starters, fuse switches, electronic equipment, etc. which will comply with the relevant product standards.
This standard does not apply to ASSEMBLIES for use in the administrative centres of construction sites (offices, cloakrooms, ASSEMBLY rooms, canteens, restaurants, dormitories, toilets, etc.).
Requirements for electrical protection provided by equipment manufactured according to this International Standard are given in IEC 60364-7-704.

IEC 60127-4:2026 relates to universal modular fuse-links (UMF) for printed circuits and other substrate systems, used for the protection of electric appliances, electronic equipment, and component parts thereof, normally intended to be used indoors. It does not apply to fuse-links for appliances intended to be used under special conditions, such as in a corrosive or explosive atmosphere. These fuses are normally intended to be mounted or replaced only by appropriately skilled persons using specialized equipment. This document applies in addition to the requirements of IEC 60127-1. The objectives of this part of IEC 60127 are as given in IEC 60127-1, with the additional requirement of a degree of non-interchangeability. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005, Amendment 1:2008 and Amendment 2:2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) align to IEC 60127-1:2023, third edition;
b) enhance the rated current of UMFs to 100A and provide the corresponding maximum voltage drop and maximum sustained dissipation;
c) modify the figures;
d) update the normative references to the latest version.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60127-1:2023

This part of IEC 60695 summarises the test methods that are used in the assessment of the corrosivity of fire effluent. It presents a brief summary of test methods in common use, either as international standards, national or industry standards. It includes special observations on their relevance, for electrotechnical products and their materials, to real fire scenarios and gives recommendations on their use.

This document is applicable to all types of water wells, whether for public or private use, abstracting from or injecting water to the groundwater, in a variety of applications. These include potable water abstraction, industrial use, irrigation, dewatering, aquifer recharge, and geothermal applications, or for groundwater observation (see Clause 13).
This document does not apply to horizontal wells, groundwater quality monitoring wells in potentially contaminated sites, and closed loop geothermal systems.
This document defines design requirements of water wells for public and private users in accordance with groundwater protection goals. It gives guidelines for all planning steps from preliminary to final executive project design.
A sequential method for designing and dimensioning a well is specified. Based on the hydrogeological conditions and the objectives of the well, a step-by-step process for dimensioning the well is defined. This methodology includes dimensioning for the drilling, filter packs, sealings and screens. Furthermore, selection of appropriate materials, the pump and all other additional well equipment is outlined. With regard to the planning process references are provided for drilling methods, geophysical well logging, well development and pumping tests.

This document covers the track and trace events for the return flow of e-Commerce items, more specifically, the events that are most useful to the original recipient (if any) and the E-Commerce company that sent the item in the first place.
It provides a minimum set of events formulated in language that is understood by sellers and buyers of E-Commerce products. The logistic service providers (LSPs) involved can "map" their own internal events to the events described in this document.
A return flow is always linked to a forward flow that is the subject of CEN/TS 18055-1.
This document aims to describe only those events that are related to the returns flow. Therefore, this document defines and describes the exact moment that the forward flows stop and the associated return flow starts.
This document covers the following four cases of return flows:
-   unsuccessful delivery (item remains in possession of the last mile operator);
-   return to sender or equivalent party (delivered and later returned parcel);
-   a service for recipients to send (parts of) a received shipment back;
-   returns caused by failure to meet regulatory or cross-border procedure requirements.
Each of these cases will be covered in separate clauses of the document.
NOTE   There are some processes in case 3 that need to occur before the parcel enters into the Returns Flow and they are generally executed by the E-Commerce company (or a party acting on its behalf) ).
This document will not describe those "precursor" processes in any detail, but it will describe the minimum requirements in terms of information needed by the first LSP to be able to start to execute the Return Flow effectively and efficiently. The precursor process is similar to the RMA (= Return Materials Authorization) process used in business-to-business environments.
This document does not cover the logistical flows within the facilities of the producers and sellers of the items. These fall outside the responsibility of the CEN/TC 331 domain.
This document does not cover all events necessary for an LSP to track items within its own facilities.

1.1 This document specifies the minimum requirements for safety and performance of some optional specific permanently installed equipment on firefighting and rescue service vehicles, operated by trained persons, as designated in EN 1846 1:2011 and specified in EN 1846 2:2024.
NOTE 1   Categories and mass classes of these vehicles are given in EN 1846 1:2011.
NOTE 2   Vehicle means ground vehicles which can also drive on rails and amphibious vehicles.
The permanently installed equipment covered by this document is given below:
-   water installation;
-   additive installation;
-   monitor;
-   equipment gantries;
-   demounting systems.
This document covers also the use of wireless control systems.
NOTE 3   This document is assumed to be read in conjunction with any national regulations in force for vehicles using the public roads and with any EU Directives and associated EFTA regulations in force relevant to vehicles and their equipment.
For the purposes of this document, the normal ambient temperature range is –15 °C to +40 °C.
For equipment to be used at temperature outside this temperature range, the particular temperature range is specified by the user. A risk assessment determines any need for additional precautions.
1.2 This document does not deal with the following types of equipment:
-   all control systems outside of the cabin related to hook arm system;
-   provisions for non-firefighting removable equipment driven by PTO.
1.3 This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Annex A which can arise during operational use, routine checking and maintenance of firefighting and rescue service vehicles.
It does not cover the hazards generated by:
-   non-permanently installed equipment i.e. portable equipment carried on the vehicle;
-   use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
-   commissioning and decommissioning;
-   noise (as permanently installed equipment cannot be operated separately from the vehicle, this hazard is covered in EN 1846 2:2024);
-   electromagnetic compatibility;
-   cyber security;
-   cyber safety.
Additional measures not dealt with in this document can be necessary for specific use (e.g. fire in natural environment, flooding, etc.).
1.4 This document is not applicable to the equipment which is manufactured before its date of publication by CEN.

This document specifies requirements and technical specifications for information presented in tactile lettering in the built environment.
NOTE   For the definition of built environment see ISO 21542.
It sets out rules for content, design, arrangement and application of information elements so that blind and partially sighted people are able to locate, identify, fluently read and interpret this information.
This document does not specify technical methods for producing tactile lettering.
This document is only applicable to permanently installed tactile lettering.

This document specifies a spectrometric method for the determination of the chlorophyll content of rapeseed. It is not applicable to the determination of chlorophyll in oils.

This document specifies the additional technical delivery conditions for castings made from all cast iron materials.
This document applies to iron castings produced in sand or permanent moulds or by centrifugal casting, continuous casting or investment casting.

This document deals with electroplating process evaluation for fasteners, including fastener expected coating properties.
This document is a complement to CQI-11 in order to deal with fastener specific aspects not fully covered by CQI-11, and to clarify some questions/items when they are not fully suitable for fasteners.
This document is applicable to all parties involved in the supply chain for coated fasteners, i.e. fastener manufacturers, chemical suppliers, electroplaters and purchasers.
The requirements for electroplating fasteners specified in this document are essentially based on ISO 4042, ISO/TR 20491 and ISO 16047.
NOTE            Requirements for electroplating fasteners are also given in ASTM F1941/F1941M.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for external tooth bleaching products. These products are intended for use in the oral cavity, either by professional application (in-office tooth bleaching products) or consumer application (professional or non-professional home use of tooth bleaching products) or both. It also specifies requirements for their packaging, labelling and manufacturer’s instructions for use.
This document is not applicable to tooth bleaching products:
specified in ISO 11609;
intended to change colour perception of natural teeth by mechanical methods (e.g. stain removal) or using restorative approaches, such as veneers or crowns;
auxiliary or supplementary materials (e.g. tray materials) and instruments or devices (e.g. lights) that are used in conjunction with the bleaching products.
This document does not specify biological safety aspects of tooth bleaching products.
NOTE            The maximum concentration of a bleaching agent for professional or non-professional use is subject to each country’s regulatory body.

This document specifies performance requirements for portable fire extinguishers in addition to the requirements of EN 3 7, to demonstrate their suitability for extinguishing fires in rechargeable batteries based on lithium-ion chemistry with a maximum capacity of 600 Wh, as used for example:
—   portable electronic equipment (smartphones, laptops);
—   power tools and domestic appliances;
—   portable medical equipment;
—   toys and radio-controlled objects;
—   drones;
—   bicycles.
This document contains general requirements and procedures for extinguishing tests. The size of the extinguishing tests is comparable to the battery capacities in the above mentioned applications where the battery is accessible. This document doesn’t apply to larger fire risks, such as vehicle batteries, fork lift trucks, and battery sets of stationary energy storage systems.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for seamless and welded butt-welding fittings (elbows, concentric and eccentric reducers, equal and reducing tees, caps) made of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel without specific inspection requirements.
This document specifies:
—   steel grades and their chemical compositions;
—   mechanical properties;
—   dimensions and tolerances;
—   requirements for inspection and testing;
—   inspection documents;
—   marking;
—   handling and packaging.

This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for sandwich panels within the scope of EN 14509 1:— and EN 14509 2:—, which are used for non-structural and structural purposes in building envelopes and for sandwich panels with perforated faces and for sandwich panels with core materials others than defined in EN 14509 1:— and EN 14509 2:—.
Manufactured on industrial plant, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels are designed to be laid with overlapping edges in the following applications:
—   roofs and discontinuous roofing;
—   outer walls and wall cladding;
—   walls (incl. partition walls) and (suspended) ceilings inside the building envelope.
This document is intended to be used cradle-to-grave, declaring modules A1-A3, modules C1-C4 and module D, according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019
NOTE   The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document.

This document applies to switching device for islanding, hereafter referred to as SDFI, for household and similar uses, primarily intended to be used for energy efficiency (EE) purposes with local production or local storage of energy, or with both.
SDFI are intended to be installed in low voltage prosumer electrical installations (PEI) able to operate in island mode as defined in IEC 60364-8-82, so called islandable PEI.
SDFI are used to disconnect the PEI from the grid to allow operating the PEI in island mode and further reconnect the PEI to the grid.
They are intended to be used in islandable PEI which operate:
– in connected mode (direct feeding mode or reverse feeding mode), and
– in island mode,
as defined in IEC 60364-8-82.
NOTE 1 See definitions 3.10 and 3.13 of island mode and for connected mode respectively.
NOTE 2 Switching of a PEI to island mode can be subject to local regulations (grid codes) or to specific agreement with system operators. Reverse feeding is also usually subject to local regulations (grid codes). SDFI are part of the electrical installation.
This document applies to SDFI for operation in AC single or multiphase main circuits with rated voltages not exceeding 440 V AC, frequencies of 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 50/60 Hz. They are intended to be used in installations with prospective short circuit currents not exceeding 25 000 A.
NOTE 3 DC operations are not covered by this edition and are kept under consideration for a future revision of this document.
The SDFI is composed at least of one switching unit (SU) and a control unit (CU) to monitor its switching operations from grid connected to island mode and reverse wise.
The SDFI can be provided with a communication interface for exchange with external systems such as the Customer Energy Manager (CEM) defined in IEC 63402 series.
According to the intended use, the SDFI can be interlocked with a system referencing conductor switching device (SRCSD) according to IEC 63445 or it can be integrated with a SRCSD in a single unit.
NOTE 4 According to its intended use, the SDFI can also be used as an interface switch with the interface protection (integrated or not). See 3.19 and 3.20.
SDFI are intended for use in circuits where protection against electrical shock and overcurrent is provided according to installation rules for low voltage electrical installations, unless the SDFI already contains such protective function. SDFI are not requested to provide isolation function and overcurrent protection according to IEC 60364-8-82. However, the isolation function can be provided by a SDFI fulfilling the requirements of the relevant product standards.
SDFI are installed by instructed persons (IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-04-02) or skilled persons (IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-04-01). They are intended to be used by ordinary persons (IEC 60005-195:2021, 195-04-03) and do not require maintenance.
It is important to note that the main overcurrent protective device of installations cannot be used as a SDFI in single dwellings or similar islandable PEI (see Clause D.5 of IEC 60364-8-82:2022)

IEC 62196-3:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2025.
This document applies to high power DC interfaces and combined AC/DC interfaces of vehicle couplers that are intended for use in conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-23.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The content of IEC TS 62196-3-1 has been integrated into this document as normative Annex AA.
b) increased ratings for all configurations;
c) reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1:2025 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).

IEC 60884-1:2022 applies to plugs and fixed or portable socket-outlets for AC only, with or without earthing contact, with a rated voltage greater than 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 32 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors.
Compatible plugs and socket-outlets, when combined, form a plug and socket-outlet system. Standardized systems used around the world are reported in IEC/TR 60083.
The rated current is limited to 16 A maximum for accessories provided with screwless-type terminals.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2006 and Amendment 2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
plugs and socket-outlets incorporating pilot lights;
crimped connections in accessories;
insulation piercing terminals (IPT);
accessories to be used with American Wire Gauge (AWG) cables;
accessories used in T° below −5 °C down to and including −45 °C;
accessories used in T° above +40 °C up to and including +70 °C;
plugs and socket-outlets for high load (HL);
clarification of some definitions;
durability of markings test;
introduction of thermal monitoring in the plug;
requirements for shutters in portable socket-outlets;
test walls for the verification of ingress of water;
rewriting of the temperature rise clause.

This part of IEC 61058 applies to switches or switching devices for appliances. The switches are intended to control electrical appliances and other equipment for household or similar purposes with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 V and a rated current not exceeding 63 A.
In the IEC 61058 series the terms "switching devices" and "switches" are used interchangeably.
Switches for appliances are intended to be operated by
– a person via an actuating member,
– indirect actuation,
– an actuating sensing unit.
Transmission of a signal between the actuating member or sensing unit and the switch can be connected by optical, acoustic, thermal, electrical or other relevant connection and can include remote controlled units.
This document applies to switches for appliances with additional control functions provided by the switch using electronic circuits.
This document applies to circuitry when evaluated with a switch and necessary for the switching function.
This part document applies in general to switches for appliances in conjunction with the following parts:
– Part 1-1: Requirements for mechanical switches, and/or
– Part 1-2: Requirements for electronic switches.
This document does not apply to switches covered by:
– IEC 60669 (all parts), Switches for household and similar fixed-electrical installations, and
– IEC 60730 (all parts), Automatic electrical controls.
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the fact that the end product standards for appliances can contain additional or alternative requirements for switches (see Annex O).
NOTE 2 Throughout this document, the word "appliance" means "appliance or equipment".