13.220.99 - Other standards related to protection against fire
ICS 13.220.99 Details
Other standards related to protection against fire
Weitere Aspekte des Brandschutzes
Autres normes relatives a la protection contre l'incendie
Drugi standardi v zvezi z varstvom pred požarom
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.220.99 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Other standards related to protection against fire". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 173 standards classified under ICS 13.220.99 (Other standards related to protection against fire). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies fire testing requirements for water mist systems used for fire protection of domestic and residential occupancies up to a maximum ceiling height of 5,5 m.
EXAMPLE Examples for residential occupancies are family dwelling/house, bed and breakfast, apartment buildings, blocks of flats, care homes, small hotels or hostels, and residential areas in hotel bedrooms and guest corridors.
NOTE Some countries might have a national annex with guidance on the maximum height of the building, minimum design area and any additional requirements.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies fire testing requirements for water mist systems used for fire protection of domestic and residential occupancies up to a maximum ceiling height of 5,5 m.
EXAMPLE Examples for residential occupancies are family dwelling/house, bed and breakfast, apartment buildings, blocks of flats, care homes, small hotels or hostels, and residential areas in hotel bedrooms and guest corridors.
NOTE Some countries might have a national annex with guidance on the maximum height of the building, minimum design area and any additional requirements.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a large-scale fire test method for measuring the heat release rate (HRR) and the smoke-production rate (SPR) of wall systems. The fire scenario covered in this document is representative of severe fires originating in near wall or corner locations of an exterior or interior wall construction. A severe fire scenario is defined that imparts a heat flux on the order of 100 kW/m2 to the wall systems. These include exterior fire scenarios such as dumpster, balcony storage fires, and vehicle fires originating outside buildings. Fires caused by combustible storage inside unsprinklered or inadequately sprinklered occupancies, such as warehouse and manufacturing occupancies, represent a few examples of severe interior fires. This document measures the HRR and SPR in accordance with ISO 24473. This document also provides guidelines for heat release and smoke production performance limits, developed and used for risk evaluation by the insurance industry. The test method is not applicable to scenarios where a fire initiates within an air cavity, if present, of an exterior wall system. The test method does not incorporate a window structure and is therefore not applicable to fire spread hazards resulting from inadequately protected window openings in a post-flashover fire scenario.
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This document defines terms for fire safety regarding the railway system.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use as a sampling technique within a general scheme for the analysis of ignitable liquids and ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples in accordance with Guide E3245.
4.2 Headspace samples obtained using this practice are screened using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) or analyzed using a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS, refer to Test Method E1618).
4.3 This practice is most applicable for sampling light to medium range ignitable liquids.3, 4, 5, 6 It is not capable of sufficient recovery of heavy range ignitable liquids to support accurate analysis using Test Method E1618.
Note 1: When present in high concentrations, highly volatile compounds can saturate the headspace, inhibiting the recovery of less volatile compounds by this practice. This skewed recovery can lead to the detection or identification of only the more volatile compounds in the sample.
4.4 This practice is useful for sampling fire debris to screen for the presence of ignitable liquid residues prior to extraction with other techniques, such as those described in Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, and E2154, and E3189.
4.4.1 This practice is less capable of recovering limited quantities of ignitable liquids than Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189, particularly for heavy range compounds.
4.5 This practice only removes a small aliquot of the headspace vapor from a closed container; therefore, the fire debris sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted, and reanalysis using a new headspace sample, or a different sampling technique, is possible. However, removing multiple headspace samples continually reduces the concentration of ignitable liquid vapors, if originally present, and can eventually result in non-recovery by static headspace sampling.
Note 2: The headspace sample collected using this practice is consumed in the subsequent screening by GC-FID o...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing a vapor sample from the headspace of a fire debris container for the purpose of detecting or identifying ignitable liquid residues.
1.2 Separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (See Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189.)
1.3 This practice is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies requirements and recommendations concerning the physical security of data centres based on the criteria and classifications for “availability”, “security” and “energy efficiency enablement” within ISO/IEC 22237-1. This document provides designations for the data centre spaces defined in ISO/IEC 22237-1. This document specifies requirements and recommendations for such data centre spaces, and the systems employed within those spaces, in relation to protection against: a) unauthorized access addressing organizational and technological solutions; b) intrusion; c) internal fire events igniting within data centre spaces; d) internal environmental events (other than fire) within the data centre spaces which would affect the defined level of protection; e) external environmental events outside the data centre spaces which would affect the defined level of protection. NOTE Constructional requirements and recommendations are provided by reference to ISO/IEC 22237-2. Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this document and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, information given in this document can be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations. Conformance of data centres to the present document is covered in Clause 4.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide identifies concepts for assessing the continued applicability of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests as used in building regulation. It provides guidance to users and requesters of test reports for reaction to fire tests, developed in accordance with the fire response test standards, such as those from ASTM, UL, or NFPA, to determine the continued applicability of a fire test report for regulatory use. This guide is not applicable to test reports for fire resistance.
5.2 This guide assumes that a fire test report generated by a test laboratory represents the performance of the material or product in accordance with the fire test standard identified in the report at the time a specific material or product was tested.
5.3 This guide is not designed to assist in determining the continued applicability of a material or product that is listed, labeled, or given in an evaluation report.
5.4 This guide is not designed to assist in determining whether a test laboratory conducted the test reference in the fire test report in accordance with a standard test protocol.
5.5 This guide is not designed to assist in determining whether the fire test laboratory issuing a fire test report met the requirements of competence of testing and calibration methods.4
5.6 This guide is not designed to assist in determining the applicability of a fire test report with respect to the measurement uncertainty developed in accordance with Guide E2536.
5.7 Do not consider issuance of a new edition with only editorial changes (as notated in ASTM by “epsilon or ɛ” ) or with a reapproval date, as a new edition containing a technical change.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide contains concepts that provide guidance for assessing the continued applicability of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests on materials or products used in building regulation.
1.2 This guide describes how sponsors and users of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests can assess whether existing reports continue being applicable: (1) to the materials or products currently being offered for use, and (2) to a building regulation that references a different edition of the test standard. This guide is intended to identify conditions that may cause a fire test report for reaction to fire tests, which was valid when prepared, to no longer be an appropriate tool upon which decisions about the materials or products can be based.
1.3 Application of this guide is dependent on the technical changes in the fire test standard that could impact the test results and thus the classification of the material or product. Application of this guide will be better facilitated when fire test standards include explicit documentation of significant historical technical changes.
1.4 This guide does not address fire test reports relating to fire resistance tests.
1.5 The determination of the validity of a fire test report is outside the scope of this guide.
1.6 Fire test reports or certificates on assemblies are outside the scope of this guide.
1.7 Fire test reports or certificates on materials or products listed, labeled and inspected by a certification agency are outside the scope of this guide.
Note 1: Certification agencies have their own criteria to assess the continued applicability of fire test reports.
1.8 Some concepts contained in this guide may not be applicable to all fire test reports since they are a function of the type of fire test conducted and of the type of material or product assessed.
1.9 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the apparatus used and the method or pattern of application of a standard hose stream to building elements as one part of the assessment and fire resistance of building elements.
4.1.1 This practice specifies the water pressure and duration of application of the hose stream to the test assembly.
4.2 This practice is intended to be used only after a test assembly has completed a prescribed standard fire-resistance test.
4.3 The practice exposes a test assembly to a standard hose stream under controlled laboratory conditions.
4.3.1 Pass/fail criteria are defined in the appropriate fire test method.
4.3.2 This exposure is not intended to replicate typical fire fighting operations or all applied or impact loads a system could be subjected to in field use and conditions.
4.4 Any variation from tested conditions has the potential of substantially changing the performance characteristics determined by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to building elements required to be subjected to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream as part of a fire-test-response standard. Building elements include, but are not limited to, wall and partition assemblies, fire-resistive joint systems, and doors.
1.2 This practice shall register performance of the building element under specific hose stream conditions. It shall not imply that, either after exposure or under other conditions, the structural capability of the building element is intact or that the building element is suitable for use.
1.3 The result derived from this practice is one factor in assessing the integrity of building elements after fire exposure. The practice prescribes a standard hose stream exposure for comparing performance of building elements after fire exposure and evaluates various materials and construction techniques under common conditions.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide helps those studying oxygen system incidents to select a direct cause hypothesis and to avoid conclusions based on hypotheses, however plausible, that have proven faulty in the past.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures and material for examining fires in oxygen systems for the purposes of identifying potential causes and preventing recurrence.
1.2 This guide is not comprehensive. The analysis of oxygen fire incidents is not a science, and definitive causes have not been established for some events.
1.3 The procedures and analyses in this guide have been found to be useful for interpreting fire events, for helping identify potential causes, and for excluding other potential causes. The inclusion or omission of any analytical strategy is not intended to suggest either applicability or inapplicability of that method in any actual incident study.
Note 1: Although this guide has been found applicable for assisting qualified technical personnel to analyze incidents, each incident is unique and must be approached as a unique event. Therefore, the selection of specific tactics and the sequence of application of those tactics must be conscious decisions of those studying the event.
Note 2: The incident may require the formation of a team to provide the necessary expertise and experience to conduct the study. The personnel analyzing an incident, or at least one member of the team, should know the process under study and the equipment installation.
1.4 Warning—During combustion, gases, vapors, aerosols, fumes, or combinations thereof, are evolved, which may be present and may be hazardous to people. Caution—Adequate precautions should be taken to protect those conducting a study.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to fire debris analysis. In addition, several sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology: Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Fifteenth Edition (1);4 Kirk’s Fire Investigation, Fifth Edition (2); The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition (3); Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition (4); and Fire Debris Analysis (5). A suitable definition was developed after all of the sources were found wanting.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions that are used in fire debris analysis. Some legal or scientific terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are included.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives calculation methods, guidance and requirements for the design, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance for pressure differential systems (PDS).
PDSs are designed to hold back smoke at a leaky physical barrier in a building, such as a door (either open or closed) or other similarly restricted openings and to keep tenable conditions in escape and access routes depending on the application.
It covers systems intended to protect means of escape e.g. staircases, corridors, lobbies, as well as systems intended to provide a protected firefighting space (bridgehead) for the fire services.
It provides details on the critical features and relevant procedures for the installation.
It describes the commissioning procedures and acceptance testing criteria required to confirm that the calculated design is achieved in the building.
This document gives rules, requirements and procedures to design PDS for buildings up to 60 m.
For buildings taller than 60 m the same requirements are given (e.g. Table 1), but additional methods of calculation and verification are necessary. Requirements for such methods and verification are given in Annex D, but the methods fall outside the scope of this document [e.g. Additional mathematical analysis and/or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)].
Routine testing and maintenance requirements are also defined in this document.
In the absence of national requirements and under expected ambient and outside conditions, the requirements in Table 1 are fulfilled by the PDS.
- Standard118 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and rules to notified bodies (for fire dampers) allowing them to produce/validate an extended field of application report for fire dampers based on testing undertaken in accordance with EN 1366 2. This document identifies the parameters that affect the fire resistance of fire dampers. It also identifies the factors that need to be considered when deciding whether, or by how much, the parameter can be extended when contemplating the fire resistance performance of an untested, or untestable variation in the construction.
This document explains the principles behind how a conclusion on the influence of specific parameters/constructional details relating to the relevant criteria (E, I, S) can be achieved.
This document does not cover dampers used for smoke control or non-mechanical fire barriers.
It is the intention that the application of this document makes it possible to identify which specifications to test to maximize the field of application. Some information on test programmes is given for guidance purposes.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and rules to notified bodies (for fire dampers) allowing them to produce/validate an extended field of application report for fire dampers based on testing undertaken in accordance with EN 1366 2. This document identifies the parameters that affect the fire resistance of fire dampers. It also identifies the factors that need to be considered when deciding whether, or by how much, the parameter can be extended when contemplating the fire resistance performance of an untested, or untestable variation in the construction.
This document explains the principles behind how a conclusion on the influence of specific parameters/constructional details relating to the relevant criteria (E, I, S) can be achieved.
This document does not cover dampers used for smoke control or non-mechanical fire barriers.
It is the intention that the application of this document makes it possible to identify which specifications to test to maximize the field of application. Some information on test programmes is given for guidance purposes.
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This document gives minimum design, installation and commissioning requirements for powered smoke and heat control systems for enclosed car parks using horizontal flow powered ventilation, with or without sprinkler protection, on one or more levels, for cars and light commercial vehicles (max 3,5 t), to reach the design objectives outlined in this document .
This document is applicable for car parks with vehicles powered by petrol, diesel, electricity, CNG or LPG.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document for smoke ventilation systems, it is assumed that cars powered by electricity, CNG (compressed natural gas) or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) will have similar HRR to vehicles powered by petrol or diesel.
NOTE 2 Cars powered by hydrogen are not covered by this document.
This document only covers traditional car parks that are with cars parked alongside each other, with common car access lanes. It does not cover other forms of car parking systems, such as stacking systems.
This document does not cover requirements for day‐to‐day ventilation.
Any other risks than fire from cars are not covered by this document.
- Technical specification51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives minimum design, installation and commissioning requirements for powered smoke and heat control systems for enclosed car parks using horizontal flow powered ventilation, with or without sprinkler protection, on one or more levels, for cars and light commercial vehicles (max 3,5 t), to reach the design objectives outlined in this document .
This document is applicable for car parks with vehicles powered by petrol, diesel, electricity, CNG or LPG.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document for smoke ventilation systems, it is assumed that cars powered by electricity, CNG (compressed natural gas) or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) will have similar HRR to vehicles powered by petrol or diesel.
NOTE 2 Cars powered by hydrogen are not covered by this document.
This document only covers traditional car parks that are with cars parked alongside each other, with common car access lanes. It does not cover other forms of car parking systems, such as stacking systems.
This document does not cover requirements for day‐to‐day ventilation.
Any other risks than fire from cars are not covered by this document.
- Technical specification51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document applies to pressure differential system kits and components, positioned on the market and intended to operate as part of a pressure differential system. The purpose of a pressure differential system is to prevent protected spaces from smoke spread by using pressure difference and airflow. This document specifies characteristics and test methods for components and kits for pressure differential systems to produce and control the required pressure differential and airflow between protected and unprotected space.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives calculation methods, guidance and requirements for the design, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance for pressure differential systems (PDS).
PDSs are designed to hold back smoke at a leaky physical barrier in a building, such as a door (either open or closed) or other similarly restricted openings and to keep tenable conditions in escape and access routes depending on the application.
It covers systems intended to protect means of escape e.g. staircases, corridors, lobbies, as well as systems intended to provide a protected firefighting space (bridgehead) for the fire services.
It provides details on the critical features and relevant procedures for the installation.
It describes the commissioning procedures and acceptance testing criteria required to confirm that the calculated design is achieved in the building.
This document gives rules, requirements and procedures to design PDS for buildings up to 60 m.
For buildings taller than 60 m the same requirements are given (e.g. Table 1), but additional methods of calculation and verification are necessary. Requirements for such methods and verification are given in Annex D, but the methods fall outside the scope of this document [e.g. Additional mathematical analysis and/or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)].
Routine testing and maintenance requirements are also defined in this document.
In the absence of national requirements and under expected ambient and outside conditions, the requirements in Table 1 are fulfilled by the PDS.
- Standard118 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to provide the principles and guidance for the preparation of extended application documents for combined penetration seals where the systems were tested in accordance with (EN 1366-3 and EN 1366-1) or (EN 1366-3 and EN 1366-2). The field of the extended application document is additional to the direct field of application given within EN 1366-1, EN 1366-2 and EN 1366-3 and can be applied on a number of tests from each standard, which provide the relevant information for the formulation of an extended application.
This EXAP is intended to allow the penetration sealing of more than one service (e.g. cables, pipes, conduits) and four-sided fire resisting ducts (ventilation ducts) or fire dampers in the same penetration.
This EXAP is not used for extended applications in accordance with EN 1366-8, EN 1366-10 and/or EN 1366-12 (this will be dealt with in the next revision of the standard).
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document applies to pressure differential system kits and components, positioned on the market and intended to operate as part of a pressure differential system. The purpose of a pressure differential system is to prevent protected spaces from smoke spread by using pressure difference and airflow. This document specifies characteristics and test methods for components and kits for pressure differential systems to produce and control the required pressure differential and airflow between protected and unprotected space.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60695-6-1:2021 is available as IEC 60695-6-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60695-6-1:2021 gives guidance on: a) the optical measurement of obscuration of smoke; b) general aspects of optical smoke test methods; c) consideration of test methods; d) expression of smoke test data; e) the relevance of optical smoke data to hazard assessment. This basic safety publication focusing on safety guidance is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-6-1 published in 2005 and Amendment 1:2010. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - References to IEC TS 60695-6-30 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed. - References to IEC TS 60695-6-31 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed. - References to ISO 5659-2 have been inserted. - The scope contains some additional text. - Terms and definitions have been updated. - Subclause 3.2 has been updated. - Subclause 7.1 has been updated. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-6-2.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60695-6-1:2021 gives guidance on:
a) the optical measurement of obscuration of smoke;
b) general aspects of optical smoke test methods;
c) consideration of test methods;
d) expression of smoke test data;
e) the relevance of optical smoke data to hazard assessment.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety guidance is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60695-6-1 published in 2005 and Amendment 1:2010. It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- References to IEC TS 60695-6-30 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed.
- References to IEC TS 60695-6-31 (withdrawn in 2016) have been removed.
- References to ISO 5659-2 have been inserted.
- The scope contains some additional text.
- Terms and definitions have been updated.
- Subclause 3.2 has been updated.
- Subclause 7.1 has been updated.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-6-2.
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IEC 60695-6-2:2018 provides a summary of commonly used test methods for the assessment of smoke obscuration. It presents a brief summary of static and dynamic test methods in common use, either as international standards or national or industry standards. It includes special observations on their relevance to electrotechnical products and their materials and to fire scenarios, and gives recommendations on their use. This basic safety publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. It is not intended for use by manufacturers or certification bodies. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-6-1. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 60695-6-2 published in 2011. This second edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) updated introduction; b) updated normative references; c) new text in 4.1; d) deletion of references to IEC 60695-6-30 and -31 (withdrawn) e) updates with respect to ISO 5659-2; f) deletion of references to BS 6853 and CEI 20-37-3 (superseded); g) deletion of references to ISO/TR 5924 (withdrawn); h) updated text with respect to EN 50399; i) updated text with respect to ISO 5660-1; j) addition of new Subclause 7.5 k) deletion of Annex B; l) deletion of Annex E; m) additional bibliographic references. Key words: Fire Hazard, Smoke Obscuration
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IEC TS 60695-5-2:2021 gives a summary of the test methods that are used in the assessment of the corrosivity of fire effluent. It presents a brief summary of test methods in common use, either as international standards or national or industry standards. It includes special observations on their relevance, for electrotechnical products and their materials, to real fire scenarios and gives recommendations on their use.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– References to IEC TS 60695-5-3 (withdrawn in 2014) have been removed.
– ISO/TR 9122-1 has been revised by ISO 19706.
– References to ISO 11907-2 and ISO 11907-3 have been removed.
– Terms and definitions have been updated.
– Text in 5.4 has been updated.
– Text in 5.5.8 (5.7.8 in Ed. 2) has been updated.
– Text in Clause 6 (7 in Ed. 2) has been updated.
– Bibliographic references have been updated.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This technical specification is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-5-1.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of detonation flame arresters intended to protect against deflagrations, overdriven (unstable) detonations, stable detonations, and stabilized burning.
1.2 This specification is intended for detonation flame arresters installed in vapor control systems at Marine Facilities subject to the requirements in 33 CFR, Part 154, Subpart P — Marine Vapor Control Systems.
Note 1: In 1990, by permission from ASTM International, an earlier draft of this specification was incorporated and printed in 33 CFR, Part 154, Appendix A.
1.3 This specification is intended for detonation flame arresters protecting systems containing gases or vapors of liquids with flash points 140°F [60°C] (closed cup) or less. The tests in this specification are intended to qualify detonation flame arresters for all in-line applications, provided the operating pressure is equal to or less than the maximum operating pressure stated in the manufacturer’s certification, and the diameter of the piping system in which the detonation flame arrester is to be installed is equal to or less than the piping diameter used in the testing.
1.4 This specification is limited to detonation flame arresters operating at temperatures no greater than 140°F [60°C], unless the detonation flame arresters are tested at the higher operating temperatures.
Note 2: Refer to UL 525 for additional requirements that may be applicable.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sizing is a critical factor that must be considered when selecting and using protective clothing. Properly sized garments add to the safety and performance of wearer by not restricting movement. A work uniform that restricts movement or exposes skin to hazardous environments will result in lost efficiency and less protection.
5.2 In those cases where work uniforms become an element of a multi-layered protective ensemble, it is essential that uniform fit does not restrict the wearer’s movements or interfere with the fit and use of other safety-related clothing and equipment.
5.3 This practice can be used for selecting the proper size and fit of work uniforms for fire and rescue personnel and personnel in other occupations where the potential exists for hazardous thermal exposures.
5.4 This practice is not intended to apply to multi-layered thermal protective clothing, such as firefighter protective clothing, where other factors apply to the fit relative to its performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in size selection of work uniforms for fire and rescue services personnel and workers who have the potential to be exposed to thermal hazards. Work uniform ensembles consist of a shirt and trouser apparel combination.
1.1.1 This practice does not apply to thermal protective clothing that includes multiple layers, such as firefighter protective clothing.
1.2 This practice is applicable to uniforms for both male and female personnel.
1.3 This practice provides an internationally recognized means for measuring human body dimensions for the selection and ordering of shirts, trousers, and one-piece coveralls.
1.4 This practice provides a means for evaluating the fit of selected uniform sizes.
1.5 This practice provides a standard list of textile and apparel terminology specific to the clothing industry which is used in determining size and fit of garments. This vocabulary will be useful in communications between buyers and sellers.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.
1.7 This standard is not intended for use in evaluating the fire-resistive performance or durability of work uniforms. In addition, this practice does not provide a means to quantify the likelihood of human injuries related to the fit of uniforms or protective clothing.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document assesses the utility of physical fire models that have been standardized, are commonly used, and/or are cited in national or international standards, for generating fire effluent toxicity data of known accuracy. This is achieved by using the criteria established in ISO 16312-1 and the guidelines established in ISO 19706. The aspects of the models that are considered are: the intended application of the model, the combustion principles it manifests, the fire stage(s) that the model attempts to replicate, the types of data generated, the nature and appropriateness of the combustion conditions to which test specimens are exposed, and the degree of validity established for the model.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of exterior vents that mount vertically or horizontally to resist the entry of embers and flame penetration through the vent.
Note 3: A comparison study between the vertical air flow apparatus and a horizontal air flow apparatus, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has been conducted. A summary of the results of that comparison study are presented in Section X1.3 of the Appendix.
5.2 Flame Intrusion Test—Refer to the Significant and Use Section in Test Method E2912 for information related to the direct flame impingement on the vent.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes two individual methods to evaluate the ability of a gable end, crawl space (foundation) and other vents that mount on a vertical wall or in the under-eave area to resist the entry through the vent opening of embers and flame. The ability of such vents to completely exclude entry of flames or embers is not evaluated. Roof ridge and off-ridge (field) vents are excluded from this standard. Acceptance criteria are not provided in this standard.
Note 1: Test Method E2912 records information relevant to evaluate completely excluding the entry of flames through the venting device.
1.2 Ember entry and flame penetration are evaluated separately using different test procedures. A commentary and summary of the development of the ember test apparatus are given in Appendix X1.
1.3 These laboratory tests are used to evaluate the response of vents when subjected to ember and flame exposures under controlled conditions.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions in figures and text in this document shall be ±5 %.
1.6 This test method does not address interior fire spread.
1.7 The standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessments of the materials, products or assemblies and other cladding materials under actual fire conditions.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 1/10 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent.
1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (see Practices E1386, E1388, E1413, and E2154).
1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator’s opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire.
4.1.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation can reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues.
4.1.2 Because of the volatility of ignitable liquids and variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene.
4.2 Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and identification of specific compounds or classes of compounds described herein can facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.
1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis and combustion products. This test method is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This practice cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the required characteristics and test procedures for fire resistant or fire proof electrical cables for use in aircraft electrical systems. They shall be operated at a rated AC voltage of 600 V ac, a frequency of maximum 2 000 Hz and a long term temperature of up to 260 °C (ambient temperature plus temperatures rise in conductor).
These cables shall also maintain a specific dielectric strength when they are subjected to a flame of 1 100 °C after five (5) minutes (fire resistant) or 15 minutes (fire proof) exposure.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.
5.2 This practice is capable of removing a portion of the headspace vapors, containing quantities smaller than 0.1 µL/L of ignitable liquid residues, from a sample container and concentrating the ignitable liquid residues onto an adsorbent medium (1).
5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling volume or sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).
5.3 The principal concepts of static headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace (Practice E1388) and dynamic headspace concentration (Practice E1413). The static headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace technique and less sensitive than the dynamic. The static techniques do however leave the sample in a condition suitable for resampling, as only a portion, typically less than 10 %, of the headspace is withdrawn from a sample container (3).
5.3.1 Re-sampling and analysis is possible with static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, because only a portion of the headspace from the container is removed (3). Taking multiple headspace samples will continuously reduce the concentration of ignitable liquid vapors present, which can result in a change in relative composition of components and eventually non-recovery when the questioned headspace originally contained very low quantities of ignitable liquid residues (less than 0.1 µL/L).
5.4 Common solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations in use are activated carbon/solvent elution and Tenax4 TA/thermal desorption.
5.5 Solid adsorbent/desorption procedures not specifically described in this standard can be used as long as the practice has...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, for subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.2 Static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube involves removal of a headspace extract from a sample container (typically a jar, can, or bag), through a small hole punctured in the container, using a syringe or pump.
1.3 Static headspace concentration systems for adsorption onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.
1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).2
1.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, and E2154).
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience (Practice E2917) and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.
5.2 The sensitivity of this practice is such that a sample consisting of a laboratory tissue onto which as little as 0.1 µL of ignitable liquid has been deposited, in an otherwise empty sample container, will result in an extract that is sufficient for identification and classification using Test Method E1618 (1).
5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).
5.3 The principal concepts of dynamic headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace concentration (Practice E3189). The dynamic headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace concentration technique. However, sample containers subjected to dynamic headspace concentration could be unsuitable for re-sampling.
5.3.1 Dynamic headspace concentration alters the original composition of the test sample because a portion of the original headspace from the sample container is removed and exchanged with dry inert gas or air. A portion of the concentrated headspace sample should be preserved for potential future analysis, if possible and if required, in accordance with Practice E2451.
5.4 Common solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations in use are activated carbon/solvent elution, and Tenax4 TA/thermal desorption.
5.5 Solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations not specifically described in this standard can be used as long as the practice has been validated as outlined in Section 11.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube takes place from a closed, rigid sample container (typically a metal can), using a source of dry inert gas or a vacuum system.
1.3 Both positive and negative applied pressure systems for dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.
1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).2
1.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E3189, and E2154).
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience (Practice E2917) and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers a method for evaluating insulation installed on steel or aluminium structural division as defined in IMO resolution A. 754 (18) to assure insulation is note degraded in the event of shock. The non-combustible passive fire protection insulation shall be installed to meet the highest level of commercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fire resistance will be allowed without additional shock level testing. This testing method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions. This specification also provides guidelines for shock test before conducting a fire resistance test. In the shock test, the fire resistant divisions, bulkheads and decks shall be tested according to the specifics required by the MIlL-S-901D, Section 3.2.1 (b) Medium Weight Shock Test.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on structural divisions on commercial ships to function after shock loading.
4.2 The shock loading is accomplished by conducting impact testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on a standard steel or aluminum structural core installed on a medium weight shock test machine.
4.3 Following the shock testing the shocked test specimen and an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance. Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installed side-by-side in a fixture and fire tested at the same time.
4.4 The fire resistance for both specimens is measured and recorded.
4.5 Other passive fire protection systems using the same insulation materials and attachment methods and having lower fire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shock testing.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulation installed on steel or aluminum structural division as defined in IMO Resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is not degraded in the event of a shock.
1.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulation shall be installed, which will meet the highest level of commercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fire resistance will be allowed without additional shock testing.
1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 19701:2013 presents a range of sampling and chemical analytical methods suitable for the analysis of individual chemical species in fire atmospheres. The procedures relate to the analysis of samples extracted from an apparatus or effluent flow from a fire test rig or physical fire test model and are not concerned with the specific nature of the fire test.
It does not cover aerosols and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique.
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ISO 13344:2015 provides a means for estimating the lethal toxic potency of the fire effluent produced from a material while exposed to the specific combustion conditions of a physical fire model. The lethal toxic potency values are specifically related to the fire model selected, the exposure scenario and the material evaluated.
Lethal toxic potency values associated with 30-min exposures of rats are predicted using calculations which employ combustion atmosphere analytical data for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) (vitiation) and, if present, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), acrolein and formaldehyde. The chemical composition of the test specimen may suggest additional combustion products to be quantified and included. If the fire effluent toxic potency cannot be attributed to the toxicants analysed, this is an indication that other toxicants or factors must be considered.
ISO 13344:2015 is applicable to the estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluent atmospheres produced from materials, products or assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used in isolation to describe or appraise the toxic hazard or risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment that takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use; see ISO 19706.
The intended use of fire safety-engineering calculations is for life-safety prediction for people and is most frequently for time intervals somewhat shorter than 30 min. This extrapolation across species and exposure intervals is outside the scope of ISO 13344:2015.
ISO 13344:2015 does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of ISO 13344:2015 to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
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IEC 60695-6-2:2018 provides a summary of commonly used test methods for the assessment of smoke obscuration. It presents a brief summary of static and dynamic test methods in common use, either as international standards or national or industry standards. It includes special observations on their relevance to electrotechnical products and their materials and to fire scenarios, and gives recommendations on their use.
This basic safety publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. It is not intended for use by manufacturers or certification bodies.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-6-1.
This standard cancels and replaces IEC 60695-6-2 published in 2011. This second edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) updated introduction;
b) updated normative references;
c) new text in 4.1;
d) deletion of references to IEC 60695-6-30 and -31 (withdrawn)
e) updates with respect to ISO 5659-2;
f) deletion of references to BS 6853 and CEI 20-37-3 (superseded);
g) deletion of references to ISO/TR 5924 (withdrawn);
h) updated text with respect to EN 50399;
i) updated text with respect to ISO 5660-1;
j) addition of new Subclause 7.5
k) deletion of Annex B;
l) deletion of Annex E;
m) additional bibliographic references.
Key words: Fire Hazard, Smoke Obscuration
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following observations, measurements and evaluations of an open state during the test fire.
5.1.1 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of flames, radiation, and hot gases caused by sudden direct flame impingement.
5.1.2 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the test assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen or the test assembly.
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen or the test assembly.
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen or test assembly under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature.
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the test specimen or test assembly.
5.2.6 Any other attributes of the test specimen or the test assembly, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth.
5.3 The results of this test method shall not be used as an alternative to, or a substitute for, requirements for a required fire resistance rating of building construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the ability of non-mechanical fire dampers used in vented construction in its open state to limit passage of hot gases, radiation, and flames during a prescribed fire test exposure. The fire exposure condition in this test method is sudden direct flame impingement, which produces these hot gases, radiation, and flames.
Note 1: Non-mechanical fire dampers can be used in vented construction. Vented constructions may be parts of buildings including walls, floors, ceilings and concealed spaces and cavities used for air transfer and to allow ventilation in structures without ductwork. Non-mechanical fire dampers can be located adjacent to combustible construction or materials and situated in exposed or concealed locations, or both. Unlike typical fire resistive assemblies, vented construction uses non-mechanical fire dampers to allow air transfer without the use of ducts. Resistance to flame, radiation, and hot gases may be requirements when direct flame impingement is a credible risk, or when no penetration of flames is required by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The proposed test method provides procedures that enable an assessment of this direct flame impingement on non-mechanical fire dampers. This test method does not alter any requirements for non-mechanical fire dampers used in fire resistance rated construction and assemblies.
1.2 This fire-test-response standard is intended to provide a means to assess the reaction of a non-mechanical fire damper used in vented construction to sudden direct flame impingement, or as a supplement to existing fire-resistive test methods, or both.
1.3 This test method does not circumvent or eliminate the fire resistance rating requirements for construction. The fire resistance rating of construction shall be tested in accordance with published fire-resistance test standards as appropriate for the relevant application of the construction, or as required by the authority having jurisdiction (regulatory authority), or both. Non-mechanical fire dampers shall be tested to the appropriate fire-resistive test standards required for their application in order to determine a fire resistance rating in those constructions.
Note 2: Some of the major international standards development organizations (SDO) include, but are not limited to, ASTM International, CEN, ISO, UL, and ULC. Some examples of standards employing standard time-temperature curves for fire exposure used to determine a construction’s fire resistance rating include, but are not limited to, the following: Test Met...
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This European Standard specifies the products characteristics of powered smoke and heat control ventilators (fans) intended to be used as part of a powered smoke and heat control ventilation system in construction works.
It provides test and assessment methods of the characteristics and the compliance criteria of the test assessment results.
This European Standard applies to the following:
a) fans for smoke and heat control ventilation;
b) impulse/jet fans for smoke and heat control ventilation;
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This European Standard applies to natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators (NSHEV) operating as part of smoke and heat exhaust systems (NSHEVS), placed on the market. This standard specifies requirements and gives test methods for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators which are intended to be installed in smoke and heat control systems in buildings.
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This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for service providers as well as the competencies, knowledge and skills of their involved staff charged with the planning, design, installation, commissioning, verification, handover or maintenance of fire safety systems and/or security systems, regardless whether these services are provided on-site or remotely.
This European Standard is applicable to services for fire safety systems and/or security systems, which are fire detection and fire alarm systems, fixed fire fighting systems and alarm systems and to combinations of such systems including those parts of an alarm transmission system for which the service provider has contractually accepted responsibility. Social alarm systems and alarm receiving centers are not included.
This European Standard applies regardless of project size or organizational structure or size.
Fire detection and fire alarm systems include voice alarm systems.
Fixed fire fighting systems include such as water based and gas extinguishing systems, smoke and heat control and exhaust systems.
Alarm systems include such as intruder and hold-up alarm systems, access control systems, periphery protection systems, video surveillance-systems, other monitoring and surveillance systems related to security applications.
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ISO 16312-1:2016 provides technical criteria and guidance for evaluating physical fire models (i.e. laboratory combustion devices and operating protocols) used in effluent toxicity studies for obtaining data on the effluent from products and materials under fire conditions relevant to life safety.[9] Relevant analytical methods, calculation methods, bioassay procedures and prediction of the toxic effects of fire effluents can be referenced in ISO 19701, ISO 19702, ISO 19703, ISO 19706 and ISO 13344. Comparisons are detailed in ISO 29903. Prediction of the toxic effects of fire effluents can be referenced in ISO 13571 and ISO/TR 13571‑2.
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This Technical Report is aimed primarily at persons who are responsible for the safe design and operation of installations and equipment using flammable liquids, vapours or gases.
This document applies to both industrial and mining applications
This document describes possible risks and gives proposals for the protection against these risks by the use of flame arresters.
This document gives some guidance to choice of flame arresters according to EN ISO 16852 for different common scenarios and it gives best practice for the installation and maintenance of these flame arresters.
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This Technical Report is aimed primarily at persons who are responsible for the safe design and operation of installations and equipment using flammable liquids, vapours or gases.
This document applies to both industrial and mining applications
This document describes possible risks and gives proposals for the protection against these risks by the use of flame arresters.
This document gives some guidance to choice of flame arresters according to EN ISO 16852 for different common scenarios and it gives best practice for the installation and maintenance of these flame arresters.
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ISO 13344:2015 provides a means for estimating the lethal toxic potency of the fire effluent produced from a material while exposed to the specific combustion conditions of a physical fire model. The lethal toxic potency values are specifically related to the fire model selected, the exposure scenario and the material evaluated. Lethal toxic potency values associated with 30-min exposures of rats are predicted using calculations which employ combustion atmosphere analytical data for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) (vitiation) and, if present, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), acrolein and formaldehyde. The chemical composition of the test specimen may suggest additional combustion products to be quantified and included. If the fire effluent toxic potency cannot be attributed to the toxicants analysed, this is an indication that other toxicants or factors must be considered. ISO 13344:2015 is applicable to the estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluent atmospheres produced from materials, products or assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used in isolation to describe or appraise the toxic hazard or risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment that takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use; see ISO 19706. The intended use of fire safety-engineering calculations is for life-safety prediction for people and is most frequently for time intervals somewhat shorter than 30 min. This extrapolation across species and exposure intervals is outside the scope of ISO 13344:2015. ISO 13344:2015 does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of ISO 13344:2015 to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
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This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the ability of a vertical protective membrane, when used as a fire resistant barrier, to contribute to the fire resistance (loadbearing capacity R) of loadbearing vertical structural building members fabricated from steel, concrete, steel/concrete composites or timber. The method described is applicable to any type of vertical protective membrane, which can be associated with a separate bracing membrane.
The vertical protective membrane can be either separated from or attached to the structural building member and is self-supporting. This test method is applicable to vertical protective membranes where there is a gap and a cavity between the vertical protective membrane and the structural building member, otherwise alternative test methods prEN 13381-3, EN 13381-4, EN 13381-6 or prEN 13381-7 should be used as appropriate.
This test method and assessment is not applicable to the following:
a) all situations where the cavity is to be used as a service or ventilation shaft;
b) all situations where the vertical protective membrane acts as a bracing membrane.
This European Standard contains the fire test which specifies the tests which shall be carried out whereby the vertical protective membrane together with the structural member to be protected is exposed to the specified fire. The fire exposure, to the standard temperature/time curve given in EN 1363-1, is applied to the side which would be exposed in practice.
The test method makes provision, through specified optional additional procedures, for the collection of data which can be used as direct input to the calculation of fire resistance according to the processes given in EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2, EN 1994-1-2 and EN 1995-1-2.
This European Standard also contains the assessment which provides information relative to the analysis of the test data and gives guidance for the interpretation of the results of the fire test, in terms of loadbearing capacity criteria of the protected vertical structural member.
The results of the fire test and the assessment can be applied, with certain defined provisions, to vertical structural building members which can be beams, columns or a combination of both and / or which could form part of a separating element or partition.
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined, together with permitted direct application of the results to different structures, membranes and fittings.
In special circumstances, where specified in national building regulations, there can be a need to subject the protection material to a smouldering curve. The test for this and the special circumstances for its use are detailed in Annex B.
Tests should be carried out without additional combustible materials in the cavity.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines requirements for running capability under fire conditions which are applicable to passenger carrying railway rolling stock. In particular, technical measures are specified, compliance with which will contribute to conformity with the Directive and the relevant Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI). The standard specifies the fire conditions: - for which it is not necessary to define running capability requirements as there is no significant potential for serious injury or threat to life; - for which it is reasonable to expect trains to continue to run in a controlled manner; - for which it is not reasonably practicable to define requirements which give complete assurance of running in a controlled manner, due to the exceptional nature of the fire incident. The TSI SRT defines running capability requirements in respect of fires within technical areas/equipment only. However for general guidance the scope of this standard is extended to include fires from non-technical causes within passenger/staff areas which may impact train system functions adjacent to and/or passing through the affected area. This extension of applicability significantly increases the number of system functions which are potentially at risk and therefore requires that the "reasonably practicable" principles be extended to this new condition. The standard does not consider situations where a primary non-fire incident is likely to immobilise the train by definition; for example major mechanical defect leading to derailment, even when fire then occurs.
- Corrigendum1 pageEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60669-2-6:2012 is applicable to fireman's switches used for the breaking of the low-voltage circuits for exterior and interior signs and luminaires e.g. neon signs for a.c. only with a rated voltage not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 125 A. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60669-1:1998.
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This European Standard specifies the characteristics of gauge 24 two-core lightweight fire proof, screened, electrical cables for data transmission systems of aircraft at operating temperature between - 65 °C and 260 °C.
These cables are UV Laser printable in accordance with EN 3838.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day