13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
ICS 13.220.40 Details
Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
Zund- und Brennverhalten von Materialien und Produkten
Comportement au feu et facilité d'allumage des matériaux et des produits
Sposobnost vžiga in obnašanje materialov in proizvodov pri gorenju
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.220.40 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1623 standards classified under ICS 13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a method for the measurement of surface burning time of textile fabrics which have a raised fibre surface, i.e. a napped, pile, tufted, flocked or similar surface.
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IEC TR 60695-2-16:2025 specifies the results of the round robin tests related to the use of the pyrometer, for the measurement of the glow-wire temperature, according to IEC 60695-2-10.
This Technical Report summarize the objectives and the results of a pre-round robin test and two round robin tests, performed by the IEC: "Glow-wire testing: Optimization of the temperature measuring system".
The outcome of the work conducted by the IEC resulted in a proposal for a new Annex in IEC 60695-2-10, describing the minimum technical characteristics and usage conditions for the pyrometer, as an alternative temperature measurement instrument to the thermocouple.
- Technical report124 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required.
This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
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This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required.
This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required. This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
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This European Standard specifies the categories of flammable materials which are prohibited in all toys, and requirements concerning flammability of certain toys when they are subjected to a small source of ignition.
The test methods described in Clause 5 are used for the purposes of determining the flammability of toys under the particular test conditions specified. The test results thus obtained cannot be considered as providing an overall indication of the potential fire hazard of toys or materials when subjected to other sources of ignition.
This European Standard includes general requirements relating to all toys and specific requirements and methods of test relating to the following toys, which are considered as being those presenting the greatest hazard:
- toys to be worn on the head: beards, moustaches, wigs, etc. made from hair, pile or material with similar features; masks; hoods, head-dresses, etc.; flowing elements of toys to be worn on the head, but excluding paper novelty hats of the type usually supplied in party crackers;
- toy disguise costumes and toys intended to be worn by a child in play;
- toys intended to be entered by a child;
- soft-filled toys.
NOTE Additional requirements for flammability of electric toys are specified in EN IEC 62115.
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This European Standard specifies the categories of flammable materials which are prohibited in all toys, and requirements concerning flammability of certain toys when they are subjected to a small source of ignition.
The test methods described in Clause 5 are used for the purposes of determining the flammability of toys under the particular test conditions specified. The test results thus obtained cannot be considered as providing an overall indication of the potential fire hazard of toys or materials when subjected to other sources of ignition.
This European Standard includes general requirements relating to all toys and specific requirements and methods of test relating to the following toys, which are considered as being those presenting the greatest hazard:
- toys to be worn on the head: beards, moustaches, wigs, etc. made from hair, pile or material with similar features; masks; hoods, head-dresses, etc.; flowing elements of toys to be worn on the head, but excluding paper novelty hats of the type usually supplied in party crackers;
- toy disguise costumes and toys intended to be worn by a child in play;
- toys intended to be entered by a child;
- soft-filled toys.
NOTE Additional requirements for flammability of electric toys are specified in EN IEC 62115.
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IEC 60332‑1‑2:2025 specifies the procedure for testing the resistance to vertical flame propagation for a single vertical electrical insulated conductor or cable, or optical fibre cable, under fire conditions using a 1 kW pre-mixed flame. The apparatus is described in IEC 60332‑1‑1.
NOTE 1 Testing to IEC 60332‑1‑2 can be performed simultaneously with that to IEC 60332‑1‑3, if required.
This group safety publication focusing on test method(s) is primarily intended to be used as a product safety standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also intended to be used by technical committees in the preparation of standards for products similar to those mentioned in the scope of this group safety publication, in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
NOTE 2 The performing of this test method on a single insulated conductor or cable or optical fibre cable does not provide compliance with fire propagation requirements in relevant standards in the case that the single insulated conductor or cable or optical fibre cable is installed with or amongst other cables as a group. (See the IEC 60332‑3 series).
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications and/or group safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
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This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candle accessories, as well as safety information and requirements on how safety information will be displayed.
The safety requirements and test methods specified in this document are intended to cover the most common risks.
This document does not specify requirements or test methods for uncommon risks arising from the unforeseen combination of accessories and candles.
This document does not apply to birthday cake candle holders that can hold only one candle and do not contain pyrotechnics.
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This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations.
NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s).
The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
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This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations.
NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s).
The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations. NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s). The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards. This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
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IEC 60331-4:2024 specifies the test apparatus and procedure, and gives the performance requirements, including recommended flame application times and flame temperatures, for power cables of rated voltage higher than 0,6/1,0 kV up to and including 18/30 kV for maintaining circuit integrity when subject to fire and mechanical shock under specified conditions.
The test method in this document is restricted to conductor sizes up to and including 120 mm2. The test results for 120 mm2 size conductors constructions qualify larger cross-sections of the same cable construction.
In the case of preassembled three-core cables, then the complete cable is considered as tested when a complete single-core of the cable has been tested.
This document includes details for the specific point of failure, continuity checking arrangement, test sample, test procedure and test report relevant to electric power cables with a rated voltage higher than 0,6/1,0 kV up to and including 18/30 kV.
Annex A provides the method of verification of the burner and control system used for the test.
Annex B provides a choice of the recommended test apparatus.
Annex C provides, as an option, guidance for using either water spray or water jet protocols.
Annex D provides, as an option, the flame temperature of 1 000 °C, which is applicable for special applications.
Requirements are stated for an identification that can optionally be marked on the cable to signify compliance with this document.
This group safety publication focusing on the test method for circuit integrity safety for power cables of rated voltage higher than 1 kV up to and including 30 kV under fire conditions, is primarily intended to be used as a product safety standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also intended to be used by TCs in the preparation of publications for products similar to those mentioned in the scope of this group safety publication, in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a TC is, wherever applicable, to make use of either BSPs or GSPs, or both, in the preparation of its publications.
WARNING – The test given in this document can involve the use of dangerous voltages and temperatures. Suitable precautions should be taken against the risk of shock, burning, fire and explosion that can arise, and against any noxious fumes that can be produced.
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IEC TS 60695-2-20:2024, which is a technical specification, describes a test method that applies to solid electrical insulating materials of which test specimens can be provided. The test measures the time required to ignite a test specimen when it is affected by heat from an electrically heated wire wound around the test specimen. The test method can be used to provide classifications which can be used for quality assurance, the preselection of materials of products as described in IEC 60695-1-30, or to verify the required minimum classification of materials used in end products. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Removed all text which was related to drip or dripping, since in this 4th edition only ignition is taken into consideration for determination of the classification level;
Title changed: "Hot wire coil test method" is now "Hot wire ignition (HWI) test method".
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This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source.
NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting.
This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens.
The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens.
NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
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This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source.
NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting.
This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens.
The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens.
NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
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This document specifies the fire safety requirement for cigarettes.
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This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source. NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting. This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens. The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens. NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
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This document specifies the fire safety requirement for cigarettes.
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This document specifies a test method to assess the ignitability of mattresses, upholstered bed bases or mattress pads when subjected to a smouldering cigarette as an ignition source. This document does not apply to air mattresses and water beds.
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This document specifies a test method to assess the ignitability of mattresses, upholstered bed bases or mattress pads when subjected to a gas flame as an ignition source. This document does not apply to air mattresses and water beds.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Most organic liquids and solids will ignite in a pressurized oxidizing gas atmosphere if heated to a sufficiently high temperature and pressure. This procedure provides a numerical value for the temperature at the onset of ignition under carefully controlled conditions. Means for extrapolation from this idealized situation to the description, appraisal, or regulation of fire and explosion hazards in specific field situations, are not established. Ranking of the ignition temperatures of several materials in the standard apparatus is generally in conformity with field experience.
4.2 The temperature at which material will ignite spontaneously (AIT) will vary greatly with the geometry of the test system and the rate of heating. To achieve good interlaboratory agreement of ignition temperatures, it is necessary to use equipment of approximately the dimensions described in the test method. It is also necessary to follow the described procedure as closely as possible.
4.3 The decomposition and oxidation of some fully fluorinated materials releases so little energy that there is no clear-cut indication of ignition. Nor will there be a clear indication of ignition if a sample volatilizes, distilling to another part of the reaction vessel, before reaching ignition temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which liquids and solids will spontaneously ignite. These materials must ignite without application of spark or flame in a high-pressure oxygen-enriched environment.
1.2 This test method is intended for use at pressures of 2.1 MPa to 20.7 MPa [300 psi to 3000 psi]. The pressure used in the description of the method is 10.3 MPa [1500 psi], and is intended for applicability to high pressure conditions. The test method, as described, is for liquids or solids with ignition temperature in the range from 60 °C to 500 °C [140 °F to 932 °F].
Note 1: Test Method G72/G72M normally utilizes samples of approximately 0.20 ± 0.03-g mass, a starting pressure of 10.3 MPa [1500 psi] and a temperature ramp rate of 5 °C/min. However, Autogenous Ignition Temperatures (AIT) can also be obtained under other test conditions. Testing experience has shown that AIT testing of volatile liquids can be influenced by the sample pre-conditioning and the sample mass. This will be addressed in the standard as Special Case 1 in subsection 8.2.2. Testing experience has also shown that AIT testing of solid or non-volatile liquid materials at low pressures (that is, 8.2.3. Since the AIT of a material is dependent on the sample mass/configuration and test conditions, any departure from the standard conditions normally used for Test Method G72/G72M testing should be clearly indicated in the test report.
1.3 This test method is for high-pressure pure oxygen. The test method may be used in atmospheres from 0.5 % to 100 % oxygen.
1.4 An apparatus suitable for these requirements is described. This test method could be applied to higher pressures and materials of higher ignition temperature. If more severe requirements or other oxidizers than those described are desired, care must be taken in selecting an alternative safe apparatus capable of withstanding the conditions.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognize...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Building products made with tapes are often used for applications for which Test Method E84 is used for compliance with building, life safety code or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen mounting procedures for tapes.
5.2 Codes are often silent with regard to testing tapes for the assessment of flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and products.
5.3 The material shall be representative of the materials used in actual field installations.
5.4 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for specimen preparation and mounting when testing tapes to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84. Tapes are to be tested in full coverage as applied to fiber cement board as described in Test Method E84.
1.2 This practice applies to any tape intended for various uses within buildings.
1.3 Testing is conducted in accordance with Test Method E84.
1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.
1.5 This practice is not for system evaluation. It is for the comparison of the materials only.
1.6 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.
1.7 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.9 This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84. See also Section 9.
1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 60512-99-003:2023 is used for the assessment of connectors within the scope of SC 48B that are used in balanced single-pair communication cabling with remote power, in support of e.g., IEEE 802.3 remote powering applications for point-to-point connections.
The object of this document is to detail a test schedule to determine the ability of sets of single-pair connectors as defined in the IEC 63171 series to withstand a minimum of 100 mechanical operations with electrical load, where an electrical current is being passed through the connector in accordance with IEC 60512-9-3 during the separation (unmating) step.
This document does not cover multidrop powering applications of single-pair connectors.
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IEC 60512-99-003:2023 is used for the assessment of connectors within the scope of SC 48B that are used in balanced single-pair communication cabling with remote power, in support of e.g., IEEE 802.3 remote powering applications for point-to-point connections. The object of this document is to detail a test schedule to determine the ability of sets of single-pair connectors as defined in the IEC 63171 series to withstand a minimum of 100 mechanical operations with electrical load, where an electrical current is being passed through the connector in accordance with IEC 60512-9-3 during the separation (unmating) step. This document does not cover multidrop powering applications of single-pair connectors.
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of cetane numbers ("CN") of diesel fuels, using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injection engine. The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuels in compression ignition engines. The cetane number is determined at constant speed in a compression ignition test engine equipped with a swirl chamber.
The cetane number scale covers the range from 0 to 100, but typical testing is performed in the CN range from about 40 to about 75. The precision of this test method covers the CN range from 44 to about 66.
This document is applicable to distillate as well as paraffinic diesel fuels intended for use in diesel engines, including those containing up to a volume fraction of 10 % fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME), ignition-improvers or other diesel fuel additives.
When this engine test procedure is used for other fuels such as synthetics and vegetable oils, samples with fuel properties that interfere with the gravity-based pre-supply pressure to the fuel pump e.g. due to high viscosity can only be used to a limited extent. Precision data for such fuels are not available at this stage.
NOTE The test method is also suitable for determining cetane numbers outside the range of the scope; however, the precision statement only applies for fuels in the specified range.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The surface burning characteristics of wood products are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems.
5.2 If it can be demonstrated that none of the methods described in this practice are applicable to a particular wood product, other mounting methods shall be permitted to be used. This information shall be included in the report.
5.3 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing wood products to assess flames spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84 or Test Method E2768.
1.1.1 Test Method E2768 uses the same test equipment as Test Method E84.
1.2 This practice applies also to laminated products factory-produced with a wood substrate (see 8.6). This practice does not apply to wood veneers or facings intended to be applied on site over a wood substrate, which are covered by Practice E2404.
1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84 or with Test Method E2768.
1.4 Testing for the reporting of the moisture content of the test specimen is conducted with Test Methods D4442.
1.5 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.
1.6 Units—Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.
1.7 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.
1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84, or in Test Method E2768, as appropriate. See also Section 10.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies a test method for assessing the expansion of PVC materials and products during their combustion under the effect of heat radiation. This test method is also applicable to materials and products made from blends and mixtures of PVC with other polymers, such as PVC blended with a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile (PVC-SAN).
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This document specifies two test methods for determining the flammability of electrical-wire insulation and accessory materials by exposure to an external ignition source in a static environment (test A) and in a gas-flow environment (test B). These tests determine if a wire insulation material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris which can ignite adjacent materials.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the flammability of aerospace materials by upward flame propagation. This test determines if a material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris which can ignite adjacent materials.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These fire-test-response test methods evaluate, under the specified test conditions, the ability of a fire-resistive barrier system to inhibit thermal transmission to the electrical system component within.
4.2 In these procedures, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from these test methods to predict changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in these procedures.
4.3 These test methods provide a measurement of the transmission of heat to the electrical system components within the barrier system.
4.4 These test methods provide qualification of a fireresistive barrier system as one element of an electrical system designed to maintain continuous operation of critical functions and processes for a specific fire resistance rating.
4.4.1 In addition to the temperature data provided by these test methods, numerous other factors, such as referenced in 1.4 shall be considered in specifying such a system.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover fire-test-response.
1.2 These fire-test-response test methods provide information on the temperatures recorded on the electrical system component within a fire-resistive barrier system during the period of exposure.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by these test methods include, but are not limited to:
1.4.1 The performance of the fire-resistive barrier system constructed with components other than those tested.
1.4.2 An evaluation of the functionality of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.3 An evaluation of the ampacity of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.4 An evaluation of the smoke, toxic gases, corrosivity, or other products of heating.
1.4.5 A measurement of the flame spread characteristics over the surface of the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.6 An evaluation of through-penetration sealing methods.
Note 1: Refer to Test Method E814 for testing of firestop systems.
1.4.7 Combustibility of materials in the fire-resistive barrier system or of the electrical system components.
1.4.8 The need for supports beyond those normally required.
1.4.9 Environmental conditions in the area of service.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 60512-99-003:2023 is used for the assessment of connectors within the scope of SC 48B that are used in balanced single-pair communication cabling with remote power, in support of e.g., IEEE 802.3 remote powering applications for point-to-point connections.
The object of this document is to detail a test schedule to determine the ability of sets of single-pair connectors as defined in the IEC 63171 series to withstand a minimum of 100 mechanical operations with electrical load, where an electrical current is being passed through the connector in accordance with IEC 60512-9-3 during the separation (unmating) step.
This document does not cover multidrop powering applications of single-pair connectors.
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This document is a product specification, giving performance requirements for fire safety storage cabinets to be used for the storage of flammable liquids. It is applicable to cabinets with a total internal volume of not greater than 2 m3, which can be free standing, restrained to a wall or mounted on plinth or castors.
This document does not apply to brick enclosures or walk-in storage rooms.
This document does not apply to any support frame or mechanism other than the base which is integral to the fire safety storage cabinet.
Requirements are given in respect of the construction of the fire safety storage cabinet and its capacity to resist fire conditions on the outside. A classification of fire safety storage cabinets is given, according to the level of fire resistance offered, and a type test is included, see Annex A.
The tests described in this document are type tests.
This document does not discriminate between different flammable liquids, which can have considerably different physical properties.
Attention is drawn to national regulations, which can apply with regard to the storage of flammable liquids.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of the flammability of blankets is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of blankets since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate fabrics used in electric blankets without the resistance heating wires.
5.3 Fabrics are potentially combustible. Some fabrics when used for blankets are potentially dangerous to the user depending on the ease of ignition, rapidity, and intensity of burning. This test method addresses some of these characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document is a product specification, giving performance requirements for fire safety storage cabinets to be used for the storage of flammable liquids. It is applicable to cabinets with a total internal volume of not greater than 2 m3, which can be free standing, restrained to a wall or mounted on plinth or castors.
This document does not apply to brick enclosures or walk-in storage rooms.
This document does not apply to any support frame or mechanism other than the base which is integral to the fire safety storage cabinet.
Requirements are given in respect of the construction of the fire safety storage cabinet and its capacity to resist fire conditions on the outside. A classification of fire safety storage cabinets is given, according to the level of fire resistance offered, and a type test is included, see Annex A.
The tests described in this document are type tests.
This document does not discriminate between different flammable liquids, which can have considerably different physical properties.
Attention is drawn to national regulations, which can apply with regard to the storage of flammable liquids.
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IEC 60695-2-21:2023, which is a Technical Specification, specifies a fire containment test method for finished units. It is intended to verify the capability of containing of a fire event generated by an effective ignition source inside a finished unit.
Unless otherwise specified by the relevant product standard, determination of the fire containment described in this document does not apply to any of the following:
- A single electrical component;
- A single electrical component when incorporated into a finished unit;
- Electrical installation products such as distribution boards, circuit protection devices, switchgear, controlgear, cable management system and electrical accessories (wiring devices).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Seams in some resilient flooring are heat sealed to prevent openings from forming between cut edges and to prevent penetrations of dirt, liquids, etc., into the seams. Decorative appearances may also be achieved using contrasting heat weld thread (rod).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instructions and precautions to be observed to ensure satisfactory performance of seams in resilient flooring sealed by the heat weld method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See precaution information in 6.1.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.
5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The test method is also used for measuring smoke obscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful to measure gaseous components of smoke; the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements.
5.4 Test Limitations:
5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.
5.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.
5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release, flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables.
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions
...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Test Method D5537 provides means for measuring heat release with the equipment used in this test method.
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.
5.5 Test Limitations:
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.
5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.
5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...
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This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use in ships, air crafts and vehicles.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the conduct and reporting of fire-resistance tests obtained from particular fire-resistance tested specimens tested using conditions different than those addressed by Test Methods E119.
4.2 Data derived from fire tests conducted and reported under this guide are useful for general fire research and as potential input data for use in fire models.
4.3 It is necessary that users of this guide have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119, including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance in order to understand how the alternative test conditions relate to those specified in Test Methods E119.
4.4 Users of this guide should be aware that tests conducted using exposure conditions different than those specified in Test Methods E119 do not provide or generate fire resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements.
4.4.1 In Test Methods E119, standard test specimens are subjected to specific exposure conditions. Substitution of different exposure conditions can change the measured fire-test-response characteristics of a test specimen. Therefore, the data are valid for only the alternative exposure conditions used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the conduct of fire-resistance tests using conditions different than those addressed in Test Methods E119. This guide also addresses the reporting of data derived from those tests.
1.2 This guide does not provide or generate fire-resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements comparable to those resulting from tests conducted in accordance with Test Methods E119.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This guide is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to introduce the hazards and risks associated with oxygen-enriched systems. This guide explains common hazards that often are overlooked. It provides an overview of the standards and documents produced by ASTM Committee G04 and other knowledgable sources as well as their uses. It does not highlight standard test methods that support the use of these practices. Table 1 provides a graphic representation of the relationship of ASTM G04 standards. Table 2 provides a list of standards published by ASTM and other organizations.
4.2 The standards discussed here focus on reducing the hazards associated with the use of oxygen. In general, they are not directly applicable to process reactors in which the deliberate reaction of materials with oxygen is sought, as in burners, bleachers, or bubblers. Other ASTM Committees and products (such as the CHETAH program5) and other outside groups are more pertinent for these.
4.3 This guide is not intended as a specification to establish practices for the safe use of oxygen. The documents discussed here do not purport to contain all the information needed to design and operate an oxygen-enriched system safely. The control of oxygen hazards has not been reduced to handbook procedures, and the tactics for using oxygen are not simple. Rather, they require the application of sound technical judgment and experience. Oxygen users should obtain assistance from qualified technical personnel to design systems and operating practices for the safe use of oxygen in their specific applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for those asking the question: “What are the risks associated with my use of oxygen?” This guide is an introduction to the unique concerns that must be addressed in the handling of oxygen. The principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire, explosion, or both. All fluid systems require design considerations, such as adequate strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. In addition to these design considerations, one must also consider the ignition mechanisms that are specific to an oxygen-enriched system. This guide outlines these ignition mechanisms and the approach to reducing the risks.
1.2 This guide also lists several of the recognized causes of oxygen system fires and describes the methods available to prevent them. Sources of information about the oxygen hazard and its control are listed and summarized. The principal focus is on Guides G63, G88, Practice G93, and Guide G94. Useful documentation from other resources and literature is also cited.
Note 1: This guide is an outgrowth of an earlier (1988) Committee G04 videotape adjunct entitled Oxygen Safety and a related paper by Koch2 that focused on the recognized ignition source of adiabatic compression as one of the more significant but often overlooked causes of oxygen fires. This guide recapitulates and updates material in the videotape and paper.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 8 and 11.
Note 2: ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any ite...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.
5.2 This test method assesses the susceptibility of electrical insulating materials to ignition as a result of exposure to a glowing wire.
5.3 This test method determines the minimum temperature required to ignite a material by the effect of a glowing heat source, under the specified conditions of test.
5.4 This method is suitable, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burning a test specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation. After ignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen is permitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured in this test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.
5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle of oxygen consumption. Annex A3 discusses the assumptions and limitations.
5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (as the rate of smoke release, total smoke released, or optical density of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrations of combustion gases), and mass loss, which are important to making decisions on fire safety.
5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere, but are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and are optional measures; however, fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.
5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies. The test method is thus applicable to mattresses in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, health-care facilities, old age convalescent and board and care homes, and college dormitories and residence halls.
5.6 One ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 Units—Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.12 This stan...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.
4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Any limitations in the availability of data, of appropriate test procedures, of adequate fire models, or in the advancement of scientific knowledge will place significant constraints upon the procedure for the assessment of fire hazard.
4.3 The focus of this guide is on fire assessment standards for electrotechnical products. However, insofar as the concepts in this guide are consistent with those of Guide E1546, the general concepts presented also may be applicable to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings. Guide E2061 contains an example of how to use information on fire-test-response characteristics of electrotechnical products (electric cables) in a fire hazard assessment for a specific occupancy (rail transportation vehicle).
4.4 A standard developed following this guide should not attempt to set a safety threshold or other pass/fail criteria. Such a standard should specify all steps required to determine fire hazard measures for which safety thresholds or pass/fail criteria can be meaningfully set by authorities having jurisdiction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance on the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. For the purposes of this guide, products include materials, components, and end-use products.
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.5 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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