ISO/TC 38 - Textiles

This document specifies a method for determining the amount of certain benzotriazole compounds (UV-320, UV-327, UV-328, UV-350) in textiles by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-diode array detector (LC-DAD) or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method is applicable to all kinds of textile materials (fibres and fabrics).

1.1 This document specifies domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing. The procedures are applicable to textile fabrics, garments or other textile articles which are subjected to appropriate combinations of domestic washing and drying procedures. This document also specifies the reference detergents and ballasts for the procedures. 1.2 Provision is made for a) 16 different washing procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type A: horizontal axis, front-loading type, b) 12 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type B: vertical axis, top-loading agitator type, and c) 7 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type C: vertical axis, top-loading pulsator type. 1.3 Each washing procedure represents a single domestic wash. 1.4 This document also specifies six drying procedures: line dry, line drip dry, flat dry, flat drip dry, flat press, and tumble dry. 1.5 A complete test consists of a washing and drying procedure. NOTE Use of different parameters (washing machine type, detergent type and type of tumble dryer) can affect test results for any test using this document.

This document specifies a test method which identifies the index ingredient chemical included in coloured fabric with catechu. Catechu can be applied to both natural fibre and man-made fibre.

This document specifies a test method which identifies the index ingredient chemical included in coloured fabric with punica. Punica can be applied to both natural fibre and man-made fibre.

This document specifies a test method which identifies the index ingredient chemical included in coloured fabric with lac. Lac can be applied to both natural fibre and man-made fibre.

This document defines the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres, based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The term “man-made fibres” has been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form. This document gives recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A). NOTE These rules have been introduced in the sixth edition of ISO 2076, and thus, they are not applicable to the existing generic names of the previous editions.

This document specifies a method of determining the micronaire value of loose disorientated cotton fibres taken from bales, laps and slivers, or other sources of lint cotton.

This document — establishes a system of graphical symbols, intended for use in the marking of workwear articles and protective clothing providing information on the suitability for professional industrial laundering using ISO 15797, and — specifies the use of these symbols in qualifying garments as potentially suitable for industrial laundering. The following professional industrial laundering treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, tunnel finishing and tumble drying after washing. Textile-care treatments in dry and wet cleaning are covered in ISO 3175 (all parts). This document applies to articles of workwear and protective clothing in the form in which they are supplied to the professional launderer.

This document specifies a test for measuring the resistance of fabrics to the penetration of water by impact. It can be used to predict the probable rain penetration resistance of textile fabrics. This document is applicable to any textile fabric, whether or not it has been given a water-resistant or water-repellent finish. It is especially suitable for measuring apparel fabrics. Testing at different intensities of water impact gives a complete picture of the penetration resistance of a single fabric or combination of fabrics. The test is particularly suitable when measuring highly water-resistant fabrics with low amounts of water penetration.

This document specifies a procedure to determine the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of textiles woven fabrics using a grab method in the biaxial testing machine. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics, including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical, or chemical treatment. It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not applicable to geotextiles[4], nonwovens[3], coated fabrics[5], textile-glass woven fabrics[2], and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines to the same axis.

This document specifies quantitative test methods to determine the antibacterial activity of all antibacterial textile products including nonwovens. This document is applicable to all textile products, including cloth, wadding, thread and material for clothing, bedclothes, home furnishings and miscellaneous goods, regardless of the type of antibacterial agent used (organic, inorganic, natural or man-made) or the method of application (built-in, after-treatment or grafting). This document covers three inoculation methods for the determination of antibacterial activity: a) absorption method (an evaluation method in which the test bacterial suspension is inoculated directly onto specimens); b) transfer method (an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on an agar plate and transferred onto specimens); c) printing method (an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on a filter and printed onto specimens). NOTE Based on the intended application and on the environment in which the textile product is to be used, and also on the surface properties of the textile properties, the user can select the most suitable inoculation method. This document also specifies the colony plate count method and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence method for measuring the enumeration of bacteria.

This document specifies a method for determining the angle of recovery of fabrics from creasing. The results obtained by this method for textile fabrics of very different kinds cannot be compared directly.

This document specifies a method for determining crease recovery angle of fabric specimen while placing it in such a way that the folded line is vertical to horizontal plane for a specified time after removal of creasing load. This document is applicable for all kinds of textile fabrics.

This document specifies procedures to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted garments after domestic laundering. The results obtained from different procedures might not be comparable. This document is not intended to measure the spirality of garments as manufactured, but rather the spirality after domestic laundering. NOTE Some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Garments made of fabrics from circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.

This document specifies three procedures (diagonal marking, inverted-T marking and mock-garment marking) to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted fabrics after domestic laundering. The results obtained from different procedures will not always be comparable. This document is not intended to measure the spirality of fabrics as manufactured, but rather the spirality after laundering. NOTE Some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.

This document specifies requirements for 3-strand hawser-laid and 4-strand shroud-laid ropes, 8-strand braided ropes and 12-strand braided ropes for general service made of polyester, and gives rules for their designation. This document does not cover all variations in strength or product performance. The rope manufacturer is consulted to ensure the intended design meets the requirements of the application.

This document specifies requirements for 3-strand hawser-laid and 4-strand shroud-laid ropes, 8-strand braided ropes and 12-strand braided ropes for general service made of polyamide, and gives rules for their designation. This document does not cover all variations in strength or product performance. The rope manufacturer is consulted to ensure the intended design meets the requirements of the application

This document specifies requirements for 3-strand hawser-laid and 4-strand shroud-laid ropes, 8-strand braided ropes and 12-strand braided ropes for general service made of polypropylene, and gives rules for their designation. This document does not cover all variations in strength or product performance. The rope manufacturer is consulted to ensure the intended design meets the requirements of the application.

This document specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs: C10-C13) and middle-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs: C14-C17) in textile articles, especially in polymer of the coated fabrics, prints made of polymer and buttons made of polymer (e.g. polyvinylchloride) by means of solvent extraction and gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS).

This document describes a method, using capacitance measuring equipment, for determining the unevenness of linear density along the length of textile strands. The method is applicable to tops, slivers, rovings, spun yarns and continuous filament yarns, made from either natural or man-made fibres, in the range of 4 tex (g/km) to 80 ktex (kg/km) for staple-fibre strands and 1 tex(g/km) to 600 tex (g/km) for continuous-filament yarns. It is not applicable to fancy yarns or to strands composed fully or partly of conductive materials such as metals; the latter requires an optical sensor (see A.4), and to raw silk filaments which are tested according to a specific standard. The method describes the preparation of a variance-length curve, as well as the determination of periodicities of linear density. It also covers the counting of imperfections in the yarn, namely of neps and of thick and thin places.

This document specifies a method for the determination of tear resistance of nonwovens by the trapezoid method. This document applies to nonwovens.

This document specifies a gravimetric method and a vibroscope method for the determination of the linear density of textile fibres applicable respectively to: a) bundles of fibres; b) individual fibres. Useful data can be obtained on man-made fibres and, with less precision, on natural fibres. This document only applies to fibres which can be kept straight and, in the case of bundles, parallel, during test preparation. It is properly applicable when the fibres are readily freed of crimp. The methods in this document are not applicable to tapered fibres. The vibroscope method is not always applicable to hollow and flat (ribbon-like) fibres.

This document specifies a method for the automatic determination of the deformability of textile fabrics, including continuous-fibre reinforcement textiles. This method is not applicable to resin impregnated fabrics. The method is suitable for use with fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics, nonwovens, non-crimp fabrics, fabrics made of glass rovings or untwisted carbon filament yarns intended for reinforced composite materials. When applying the method to multi-axial non-crimp fabrics, the evaluation of the fibre orientation and gaps only incorporates the uppermost layer. The method can be used for fabrics treated with powder binder.

This document specifies a method, using formic acid and zinc chloride, to determine the mass percentage of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — viscose or certain types of the cupro or modal or lyocell fibres with — flax fibres. This document is not applicable to mixtures in which the flax fibre has suffered extensive chemical degradation, nor when the viscose, cupro, modal or lyocell fibre is rendered incompletely soluble by the presence of certain permanent finishes or reactive dyes that cannot be removed completely.

This document specifies a method, using acetone, to determine the mass percentage of acetate, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — acetate with — wool, animal hair, silk, protein, cotton (scoured, kiered, or bleached), flax (or linen), hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, viscose, modal, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic, elastolefin, elastomultiester, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate and glass fibres. It is not applicable to mixtures containing modacrylic fibres, certain chlorofibres, nor to mixtures containing acetate fibres that have been deacetylated on the surface.

This document provides definitions in the field of "smart" textiles and textile products as well as a categorization of different types of smart textiles. It describes briefly the current stage of development of these products and their application potential and gives indications on preferential standardization needs.

This document specifies a method for the visual assessment of pilling, fuzzing, and matting respectively of textile fabrics. This method is applicable to most of woven and knitted fabrics, including napped fabrics (fleeces, inlay fabrics).

This document specifies a method for determination of triclosan residues in textiles by high performance liquid chromatography — tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). This method is applicable to all kinds of textile products.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using a rotating pilling box apparatus.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester. This method is applicable to most of woven and knitted fabrics, including napped fabrics (fleeces, inlay fabrics). This method is not applicable to fabrics which cannot tumble freely.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using a modified Martindale method.

This document specifies the method and conditions of test for the determination of the breaking force and elongation at break of individual fibres in the conditioned or wet state. The determination of these fibre properties, when carried out on different kinds of testing equipment, will not generally give identical results. To avoid such differences, this document is restricted to the use of constant-rate-of-extension testing machine. It is applicable to all fibres, including crimped fibres, provided that the length of fibre available enables the gauge length specified in this document. NOTE For natural fibres (especially wool and cotton), the breaking test most commonly performed is that of bundles of fibres (see ISO 3060 and IWTO 32‑82).

This document specifies a method using hot formic acid to determine the mass percentage of melamine fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of: — melamine fibres with — cotton, polypropylene or aramid fibres.

This document specifies a method, using dimethylformamide, to determine the mass percentage of acrylic, modacrylic, chlorofibre or elastane, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — acrylic, certain modacrylics, certain chlorofibres, certain elastane fibres with — wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, viscose, cupro, modal, lyocell, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, elastomultiester, elastolefin, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate or glass fibres. It is not applicable to animal hair, wool and silk dyed with chromium based mordant dyes. NOTE Dyestuff identification is described in ISO 16373-1.

This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of silk, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — silk with — wool or other animal hair.

This document specifies a test method for the qualification and quantification of organotin compounds. This test method is applicable to all types of materials of textile products. NOTE CEN/TR 16741 defines which materials are applicable to this determination.

This document specifies methods for the determination of linear density of yarn removed from fabric. It relates to yarns of nominally uniform linear density. It describes the method of removing threads from fabric, and specifies the number of threads whose straightened length is to be determined and the methods of determining the mass of all the threads.

This document specifies the test method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds to rubbing off and staining other materials using convex specimen stage (Gakushin test method). Two test methods are specified, one with a dry rubbing cloth and one with a wet rubbing cloth. This document is applicable to textiles made from all kinds of fibres in the form of yarn or fabric, including textile floor coverings and other pile fabrics, whether dyed or printed.

This document specifies a method of test for determining the percentage of medullated wool fibres by means of the projection microscope. The method is applicable to woollen and worsted products, at all stages, from raw materials to yarn.

This document specifies a method using trichloroacetic acid and chloroform to determine the mass percentage of polyester fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — polyester fibres with — aramid fibres (except polyamide imide), flame retardant (FR) viscose and polyacrylate.

This document specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various mixtures of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the scope of the appropriate part.

This document specifies methods of quantitative analysis of various ternary mixtures of fibres. The field of application of each method for analysing mixtures, specified in the parts of ISO 1833, indicates the fibres to which the method is applicable. This document is applicable to mixtures of fibres with more than three components provided that the combination of test methods leads back to simple cases of fibre mixtures. Table B.1 illustrates the typical ternary mixtures and their applied corresponding parts of the ISO 1833 series.

This document specifies a method for determining the colour fastness and ageing properties of all kinds and forms of dyed and printed textiles and/or other organic substrates under the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65), and under the simultaneous action of heat. Of the five different sets of exposure conditions specified (see 7.1.1), four use D65, and the other one uses a somewhat lower cut-off wavelength. The test method gives special consideration to the light and heat conditions that occur in the interior of a motor vehicle. The five different sets of conditions using the different optical filter systems specified can produce different test results. Results from tests performed using different apparatus (instrument types) for the same set of conditions and optical filter system are not comparable because comparable performance has not been validated

This document specifies a qualitative and quantitative procedure to determine the composition of animal hair fibre blends (made of wool, cashmere, yak, alpaca, camel or angora) by LC-MS without protein reduction. NOTE 1 The composition of non-animal hair fibres can be measured by ISO 1833 (all parts). Both results are combined to determine the total fibre composition. The method is based on a preliminary identification, by light microscopy, of all fibres in the blend on the basis of their morphology, according to ISO/TR 11827[4]. It is not applicable if fibres of the same animal species (such as blends of cashmere and mohair) are present. NOTE 2 In this case, the quantitative analysis is performed using microscopical analysis [for example, ISO 17751 (all parts)].

This document specifies a test method for the qualification and quantification of organotin compounds. This test method is applicable to all types of materials of textile products. NOTE CEN/TR 16741 defines which materials are applicable to this determination.

This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of polyamide, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of binary mixtures of — polyamide with —polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent.

This document specifies a test method which determines the index ingredient of chemicals in coloured textile/fabric with turmeric.

This document specifies the qualitative analysis for cupro and lyocell using the two methods separately — scanning electron microscope (SEM) method based on the application of ISO 20705, and — spectral analysis method. These testing methods are applied only for cupro and lyocell, or those blends. If other fibres are present, those are identified using the test method of ISO/TR 11827 and removed using the relevant part of the ISO 1833 series. This method is not applicable for the fibre surface that is damaged during the process (e.g. chemically or physically).

This document specifies the quantitative analysis of cupro and lyocell mixtures using the microscopical analysis as described in ISO 20705 after re-dyeing cupro and lyocell mixtures. This testing method is applied only for cupro and lyocell, or those blends. If other fibres are present, those are identified using the test method of ISO/TR 11827 and removed using the relevant parts of the ISO 1833 series. This method is not applicable for the fibre surface is damaged during the process (e.g. chemically or physically).