ISO/TC 38/SC 2 - Cleansing, finishing and water resistance tests

1.1 This document specifies domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing. The procedures are applicable to textile fabrics, garments or other textile articles which are subjected to appropriate combinations of domestic washing and drying procedures. This document also specifies the reference detergents and ballasts for the procedures. 1.2 Provision is made for a) 16 different washing procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type A: horizontal axis, front-loading type, b) 12 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type B: vertical axis, top-loading agitator type, and c) 7 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type C: vertical axis, top-loading pulsator type. 1.3 Each washing procedure represents a single domestic wash. 1.4 This document also specifies six drying procedures: line dry, line drip dry, flat dry, flat drip dry, flat press, and tumble dry. 1.5 A complete test consists of a washing and drying procedure. NOTE Use of different parameters (washing machine type, detergent type and type of tumble dryer) can affect test results for any test using this document.

This document — establishes a system of graphical symbols, intended for use in the marking of workwear articles and protective clothing providing information on the suitability for professional industrial laundering using ISO 15797, and — specifies the use of these symbols in qualifying garments as potentially suitable for industrial laundering. The following professional industrial laundering treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, tunnel finishing and tumble drying after washing. Textile-care treatments in dry and wet cleaning are covered in ISO 3175 (all parts). This document applies to articles of workwear and protective clothing in the form in which they are supplied to the professional launderer.

This document specifies a test for measuring the resistance of fabrics to the penetration of water by impact. It can be used to predict the probable rain penetration resistance of textile fabrics. This document is applicable to any textile fabric, whether or not it has been given a water-resistant or water-repellent finish. It is especially suitable for measuring apparel fabrics. Testing at different intensities of water impact gives a complete picture of the penetration resistance of a single fabric or combination of fabrics. The test is particularly suitable when measuring highly water-resistant fabrics with low amounts of water penetration.

This document specifies procedures to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted garments after domestic laundering. The results obtained from different procedures might not be comparable. This document is not intended to measure the spirality of garments as manufactured, but rather the spirality after domestic laundering. NOTE Some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Garments made of fabrics from circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.

This document specifies three procedures (diagonal marking, inverted-T marking and mock-garment marking) to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted fabrics after domestic laundering. The results obtained from different procedures will not always be comparable. This document is not intended to measure the spirality of fabrics as manufactured, but rather the spirality after laundering. NOTE Some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.

This document specifies drycleaning procedures for dibutoxymethane [1-(butoxymethoxy) butane], using commercial drycleaning machines, for fabrics and garments. It comprises procedures for normal and sensitive materials.

This document specifies drycleaning procedures for decamethylpentacyclosiloxane (D5), using commercial drycleaning machines, for fabrics and garments. It comprises procedures for normal and sensitive materials.

This document specifies a method of test for evaluating the appearance of apparel and other textile end products after one or several domestic washing and drying treatments. The appearance evaluated includes colour change, pilling, fuzzing, matting appearance of fabrics, smoothness appearance of flat fabric and seams, and the retention of pressed-in creases in garments and other textile products, damage of components ? buttons, press fasteners, slide fasteners, etc. This document is applicable to any washable textile end product of any fabric construction. Techniques for seaming and creasing are not included since the purpose is to evaluate textile end products as they are supplied from the manufacturer or as ready-to-use. Techniques for seaming and creasing are controlled by fabric properties. This method has been developed primarily for use with domestic washing machines of Type B as defined in ISO 6330, but it can be used with any type of machine defined in ISO 6330. It is recognized that prints and patterns can mask the wrinkled appearance present in textile end products. The rating process is, however, based on the visual appearance of specimens including such effects.

ISO 811:2018 specifies a hydrostatic pressure method for determining the resistance of fabrics to penetration by water. The method is applicable to all types of fabrics which are intended to be water resistant whether or not they have been given a water-resistant or water-repellent finish.

ISO 15496:2018 describes a comparatively simple method for testing the water vapour permeability of textiles that will provide the manufacturer with a clearly recognized method for quality control within the plant. The simple test method described in this document is not applicable for classifying the water vapour resistance of textiles against values relating to physiological effects specified in product standards, and particularly not those relating to personal protective equipment. The method can be used for quality control but has some limitation in relation to ISO 11092, which gives a more comprehensive and relevant result for evaluation of water vapour penetration. Annex A provides further explanation of applicability. ISO 15496:2018 cannot be used to compare results to other "dry dessicant" methods as they will not correlate. An explanation of the reasons can be found in Annex C.

ISO 3175-4:2018 specifies simulated professional wetcleaning procedures, using a reference machine for fabrics and garments. It is intended for fabrics and garments that cannot be washed and need professional finishing. It comprises a normal process for normal materials, a mild process for sensitive materials and a very mild process for very sensitive materials. Localized staining and stain removal fall outside the scope of this document.

ISO 3175-3:2017 specifies drycleaning procedures for hydrocarbon solvents, using commercial drycleaning machines, for fabrics and garments. It comprises procedures for normal and sensitive materials (see 3.3 and 3.4). Localized staining and stain removal fall outside the scope of this document.

ISO 3175-2:2017 specifies drycleaning procedures for tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene), using commercial drycleaning machines, for fabrics and garments. It comprises procedures for normal and sensitive materials. Localized staining and stain removal fall outside the scope of this document.

ISO 3175-1:2017 specifies a method for assessing textile articles which have been tested according to ISO 3175‑2 to ISO 3175‑4. Fabric and garment properties, which can change on drycleaning or wetcleaning and finishing, are identified and methods for assessing change using existing International Standards are given as appropriate. Other properties which are also important, but for which there are no International Standards providing methods of assessment, are indicated in Annex A (normative), together with advice on how to proceed on their assessment.

ISO 15797:2017 specifies test procedures and equipment which can be used in the evaluation of workwear (including, where appropriate, for some PPE garments) intended to be industrially laundered. They serve as a basis for testing relevant properties such as dimensional stability, colour characteristics, creasing, seam puckering, pilling and visual aspects in general. ISO 15797:2017 does not provide instructions and specifications for the procedures and equipment to be used by industrial launderers. As it is often not practical to reproduce industrial laundry processes (washing and drying/finishing) in a laboratory setting, this document provides an approach using defined intermediate scale equipment and exacting test procedures which can be used for the evaluation of workwear intended to be laundered industrially. As ISO 15797:2017 reflects a simulation of real-life industrial laundry conditions, in some cases, testing of the workwear in the actual industrial laundering equipment and processes intended to be used is advisable when finally determining product and process compatibility. It is not necessary to test using all eight washing procedures nor both drying procedures. A selection is made of the washing and drying procedure(s) that are best suited to the characteristics of the fabric or fabric composition and the intended use.

ISO 12138:2017 specifies methods for repeated domestic laundering at selected wash temperatures prior to assessing flammability behaviour of textile materials. The washing machines and procedures specified are based on those given in ISO 6330:2012, but specific requirements are provided for water hardness and volumes, detergent type and quantity, machine loading and degree of agitation.

ISO 16847:2016 specifies a method for assessing the matting appearance of the napped fabrics (fleece fabrics) tested, after one or several cleansing treatments. This method has been developed for use primarily with Type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it is possible to use it with Type A machines, as defined in ISO 6330. This test method can be used for judging matting appearance after other cleansing processes.

ISO 675:2014 specifies a method for the determination of the dimensional change (shrinkage or stretch) of all types of woven fabrics after commercial laundering near the boiling point.

ISO 4920:2012 specifies a spray test method for determining the resistance of any fabric, which might or might not have been given a water‑resistant or water‑repellent finish, to surface wetting by water. It is not intended for use in predicting the rain-penetration resistance of fabrics, since it does not measure penetration of water through the fabric.

ISO 3758:2012 establishes a system of graphic symbols, intended for use in the marking of textile articles, and for providing information on the most severe treatment that does not cause irreversible damage to the article during the textile care process, and specifies the use of these symbols in care labelling. The following domestic treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, drying and ironing. Professional textile care treatments in dry and wet cleaning, but excluding industrial laundering, are also covered. However, it is recognized that information imparted by the domestic symbols will also be of assistance to the professional cleaner and launderer. ISO 3758:2012 applies to all textile articles in the form in which they are supplied to the end user.

ISO 3759:2011 specifies a method for the preparation, marking and measuring of textile fabrics, garments and fabric assemblies for use in tests for assessing dimensional change after a specified treatment, e.g. washing, dry cleaning, soaking in water and steaming, following the procedures in ISO 3005, ISO 7771, ISO 6330, ISO 3175 or ISO 15797. ISO 3759:2011 is applicable to woven and knitted fabrics and made-up textile articles. The procedures are not applicable to certain upholstery coverings.

ISO 14419:2010 is applicable to the evaluation of a substrate's resistance to absorption of a selected series of liquid hydrocarbons of different surface tensions. ISO 14419:2010 is intended to provide a guide to oil stain resistance. It can provide a rough index of oil stain resistance as, generally, the higher the oil repellency grade, the better resistance to staining by oily materials, especially liquid oil substances. This is particularly true when comparing various finishes for a given substrate. ISO 14419:2010 can also be utilized in determining if washing and/or drycleaning treatments have any adverse effect on the oil repellency characteristics of a substrate. ISO 14419:2010 is not intended to give an absolute measure of the resistance of the substrate to staining by all oily materials. Other factors, such as composition and viscosity of the oily substances, substrate construction, fibre type, dyes and other finishing agents, also influence stain resistance. ISO 14419:2010 is not intended to estimate the resistance to penetration of the substrate by oil-based chemicals.

ISO 23232:2009 provides a guide for aqueous stain resistance. It can provide a rough index of aqueous stain resistance as, generally, the higher the aqueous liquid repellency grade, the better the resistance to staining by water/alcohol-based materials, especially water/alcohol-based liquids. This is particularly true when comparing various finishes for a given substrate. ISO 23232:2009 can also be utilized for determining if washing and/or dry-cleaning treatments have any adverse effects on the aqueous liquid repellency characteristics of a substrate. It is recommended that the washing and/or dry-cleaning treatment procedures described in ISO 6330 or ISO 3175 be used for this purpose. ISO 23232:2009 is not intended to give an absolute measure of the resistance of the substrate to staining by water/alcohol-based substances. Other factors, such as the composition and viscosity of the water/alcohol-based substances, substrate construction, fibre type, dyes and other finishing agents also influence stain resistance. SO 23232:2009 is not intended to estimate the resistance to penetration of the substrate by water/alcohol-based chemicals; for this evaluation, see ISO 6530.

ISO 9867:2009 describes a method for evaluating the appearance of textile fabrics after induced wrinkling. It is applicable to fabrics made from any fibre or combination of fibres.

ISO 7770:2009 specifies a test method for evaluating the smoothness appearance of seams in fabrics, after one or several cleansing treatments. A seaming technique is not included, since the purpose is to evaluate existing seams. This method has been developed for use primarily with type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with type A machines, as defined in the same International Standard.

ISO 7768:2009 specifies a method for assessing the retention of the original smooth appearance, after one or several cleansing treatments, of the fabrics tested. This method has been developed for use primarily with Type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with Type A machines, as defined in the same International Standard. This test method could be used for judging smoothness appearance after other cleansing processes.

ISO 7769:2009 specifies a test method for evaluating the retention of pressed-in creases in fabrics after one or several cleansing treatments. A technique for inserting creases is not included as this is controlled by fabric properties. This method has been developed for use primarily with type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with type A machines, as defined in the same International Standard.

ISO 23231:2008 specifies a test method for an accelerated procedure for determination of the dimensional change of fabrics which will then be made into garments or other end-use articles that will be laundered in a variety of settings. The procedure uses an apparatus with programmable settings that simulate multiple domestic or industrial laundering actions as well as wet processing operations in fabric manufacturing. This method is less suitable for heavy, tightly woven fabrics, such as denim, and fabrics with water-repellent finish. This method and the apparatus are not to be used to develop care labels. While ISO 23231:2008 is intended to measure the same dimensional property as in ISO 5077, its application is as an accelerated test for use in a production environment.

ISO 18695:2007 is applicable to any textile fabric, which may or may not have been given a water-resistant or water-repellent finish. It measures the resistance of fabrics to the penetration of water by low impact, and thus can be used to predict the probable rain penetration resistance of apparel fabrics. The test is best suited for fabrics of medium to loose construction where the Bundesmann rain-shower test (ISO 9865), or Rain Test (ISO 22958) is too severe. Fabrics that do not lie flat under tension are not applicable.

ISO 5077:2007 specifies a method for the determination of the dimensional change of fabrics, garments or other textile articles when subjected to an appropriate combination of specified washing and drying procedures.

ISO 18696:2006 is applicable to any textile fabric, which may or may not have been given a water-resistant or water-repellent finish. It measures the resistance of fabrics to wetting by water by the tumble-jar absorption test. It is particularly suitable for measuring the water-repellent efficacy of finishes applied to fabrics, because it subjects the treated fabrics to dynamic conditions similar to those often encountered during actual use. The test is not intended for use in predicting rain-penetration resistance of fabrics, since it measures absorption of water into, but not through, the fabric. It is intended to determine a fabric's ability to resist water absorption and can be used to predict the probable weight gain of a garment in actual use. The test is best suited for fabrics used in garments for severe wet environmental conditions over an extended time.

ISO 16322-1:2005 specifies a method of measuring the percentage of wale spirality change in weft-knitted jersey garments produced on knitting machines, following laundering. The results obtained from different procedures may not be comparable. The change in spirality is calculated from measurements on knitted garments before and after laundering.

ISO/TR 16323:2003 specifies a test method for the objective evaluation of fabric appearance with a three-dimensional measuring apparatus.

Specifies methods for assessing the possible effect of repeated commercial laundering on the flammability of textile fabrics. The effect of laundering is simulated using an automatic horizontal drum washing machine or small-scale laundry drum (wash wheel).

Describes the principle, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing, the preparation of test specimens, the apparatus and materials, the equipment calibration, the procedure, the expression of results and the contents of the test report.

Specifies a test method in order to predict the behaviour of fabrics. Describes the principle, the apparatus, the atmospheres for conditioning and testing, the test specimens, the test procedure, and the contents of the test report.

Specifies a test method in order to assess the dimensional stability and other heat-related properties of fabrics. Describes the principle, the apparatus, the atmospheres for conditioning and testing, the test procedure, and the contents of the test report.

Applicable to fabrics which, in use, are subjected to cold water without agitation. The specimen is cut from the sample and, after conditioning, is measured, soaked, dried under the described conditions, reconditioned and remeasured. The dimensional changes are calculated in the lengthways and/or widthways direction.

Applicable to all forms of textile fabrics. It does not deal with the consolidation and felting shrinkage of fabrics in wet treatments, or the mechanical effects of pressing. The standard atmosphere for testing textile as specified in ISO 139 shall be used for pre-conditining and conditioning.

1.1 This International Standard specifies domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing. The procedures are applicable to textile fabrics, garments or other textile articles which are subjected to appropriate combinations of domestic washing and drying procedures. This International Standard also specifies the reference detergents and ballasts for the procedures. 1.2 Provision is made for a) 13 different washing procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type A: horizontal axis, front-loading type, b) 11 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type B: vertical axis, top-loading agitator type, and c) 7 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type C: vertical axis, top-loading pulsator type. 1.3 Each washing procedure represents a single domestic wash. 1.4 This International Standard also specifies six drying procedures: A — Line dry B — Drip line dry C — Flat dry D — Drip flat dry E — Flat press F — Tumble dry 1.5 A complete test consists of a washing and drying procedure. NOTE Use of different parameters (washing machine type, detergent type and type of tumble drier) may affect test results for any test using this International Standard. Therefore, parties using this standard are strongly encouraged to agree on the parameters to be used.

ISO 30023:2010 establishes a system of graphical symbols, intended for use in the marking of workwear articles and protective clothing providing information on the suitability for professional industrial laundering using ISO 15797, and specifies the use of these symbols in qualifying garments as potentially suitable for industrial laundering . The following professional industrial laundering treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, tunnel finishing and tumble drying after washing. Textile-care treatments in dry and wet cleaning are covered in ISO 3175. ISO 30023:2010 applies to articles of workwear and protective clothing in the form in which they are supplied to the professional launderer.

ISO 3175-1:2010 specifies a method for assessing textile articles which have been tested according to ISO 3175-2. Fabric and garment properties, which can change on drycleaning and finishing, are identified and methods for assessing change using existing International Standards are given as appropriate.

ISO 3175-2:2010 specifies drycleaning procedures for tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene), using commercial drycleaning machines, for fabrics and garments. It comprises a procedure for normal materials and procedures for sensitive and very sensitive materials.

ISO 15487:2009 specifies a method of test for evaluating the smoothness appearance of flat fabric and seams, and the retention of pressed-in creases in garments and other textile products after one or several domestic washing and drying treatments. It is applicable to any washable textile end product of any fabric construction. Techniques for seaming and creasing are not included since the purpose is to evaluate textile end products as they are supplied from the manufacturer or as ready-to-use. Techniques for seaming and creasing are controlled by fabric properties. This method has been developed for use primarily with domestic washing machines of Type B as defined in ISO 6330, but it may be possible to use it with machines of Type A defined in the same International Standard. It is recognized that prints and patterns may mask the wrinkled appearance present in textile end products. The rating process is, however, based on the visual appearance of specimens including such effects.

ISO 3759:2007 specifies a method for the preparation, marking and measuring of textile fabrics, garments and fabric assemblies for use in tests for assessing dimensional change after a specified treatment, e.g. washing, dry cleaning, soaking in water and steaming, following the procedures in ISO 3005, ISO 7771, ISO 6330 or ISO 3175. This standard is applicable to woven and knitted fabrics and made-up textile articles. The procedures are not applicable to certain upholstery coverings.

ISO 7768:2006 specifies a method for assessing the retention of the original smooth appearance, after one or several cleansing treatments, of the fabrics tested.This method has been developed for use primarily with type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with machines of type A. This test method could be used for judging smoothness appearance after other cleansing processes.

ISO 7770:2006 specifies a test method for evaluating the smoothness appearance of seams in fabrics, after one or several cleansing treatments. A seaming technique is not included, since the purpose is to evaluate existing seams. This method has been developed for use primarily with type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with type A machines.

ISO 7769:2006 specifies a test method for evaluating the retention of pressed-in creases in fabrics after one or several cleansing treatments. A technique for inserting creases is not included as this is controlled by fabric properties. This method has been developed for use primarily with type B domestic washing machines, as defined in ISO 6330, in the cleansing process. However, it may be possible to use it with type A machines.

ISO 16322-2:2005 specifies three procedures (diagonal marking, inverted-T marking and mock-garment marking) to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted fabrics after laundering. The results obtained from different procedures may not be comparable. ISO 16322-2:2005 is not intended to measure the spirality of fabrics as manufactured, but rather the spirality after laundering. Note that some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.