F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers

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1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and testing of the temporary protective equipotential bond mat used on or around de-energized electrical equipment.  
1.2 It is common practice for users of protective equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern in detail the correct use and maintenance of such equipment.  
1.3 The use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 It is recognized that the use of temporary protective equipotential bond mats requires additional equipment for installation and use, typically temporary connecting jumper assemblies.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
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1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.  
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.  
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.  
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the acceptance testing of insulating rubber blankets that are used for the personal protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. Two types of blankets, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as: Type I, made from properly vulcanized high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin that is non-resistant to ozone; and Type II, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds that is resistant to ozone. Five classes of blankets, designated as Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical protection characteristics. Styles of blankets are designated in accordance to construction characteristics, namely: Style A, blankets free of any reinforcements; and Style B, blankets incorporated with reinforcement(s). When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures detailed herein, the blankets shall adhere to the following property requirements: electrical properties such as phase-phase maximum use voltage, AC and DC proof-test voltages, AC and DC dielectric breakdown test voltages, and AC and DC clearances; and physical and chemical properties such as ozone resistance, moisture absorption, tensile strength, tension set, elongation, drape stiffness, flex stiffness, tear resistance, resistance to accelerated heat aging, and puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits.  
1.2 Two types of blankets are provided and are designated as Type I, not resistant to ozone, and Type II, and Type III ozone resistant.  
1.3 Five classes of blankets, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Two styles of blankets, differing in construction characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A and Style B.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 16 – 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification prescribes the function and performance criteria, and acceptance testing for electrically insulating aprons for the protection of workers from incidental contact with live electrical apparatus or circuits. Three types of aprons are provided and are designated as follows: Type I, made from properly vulcanized high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin that are non-resistant to ozone; Type II, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds that are resistant to ozone; and Type III, made of any combination of elastomer and thermoplastic polymers that are elastic in nature and resistant to ozone. Six classes of insulating aprons, designated as Class 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical characteristics. Aprons shall be tested for their conformance with specified chemical, physical, and electrical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the acceptance testing of electrically insulating aprons for the protection of workers from incidental contact with live electrical apparatus or circuits.  
1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe function and performance criteria for insulating aprons that meet a minimum level of electrically insulating and physical performance characteristics.  
1.3 Three types of aprons are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, Type II and Type III, resistant to ozone.  
1.4 Six classes of insulating aprons, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 00, Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the in-service inspection and electrical testing of temporary protective grounding jumper assemblies used by electrical workers in the field on de-energized electric power lines, circuits, and equipment. These assemblies consist of flexible cables, ferrules, clamps, and connectors. The test procedures detailed here provide an objective means of determining if a grounding jumper assembly meets minimum electrical specifications. The application, care, use, and maintenance of this equipment are not addressed in this specification.
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1.1 This specification covers the in-service inspection and electrical testing of temporary protective grounding jumper assemblies which have been used by electrical workers in the field.  
1.2 This specification discusses methods for testing grounding jumper assemblies, which consist of the flexible cables, ferrules, clamps and connectors used in the temporary protective grounding of de-energized circuits.  
1.3 Manufacturing specifications for these grounding jumper assemblies are in Specifications F855.  
1.4 The application, care, use, and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing of rubber insulating sleeves for protection of workers from electrical shock.  
1.2 Two types of sleeves are provided and are designated as Type I, nonresistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of sleeves, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Two styles of sleeves, differing in configuration, are provided and are designated as Style A, straight taper, and Style B, curved elbow.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Sections 16 – 19, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in 18.2.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating gloves and sleeves for protection from electrical shock. Gloves and sleeves covered under this specification are designated as type I or type II; class 00, class 0, class 1, class 2, class 3, or class 4. Type I - nonresistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized, and type II - ozone resistant, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds. The recommended sequence of inspection and testing of gloves and sleeves at an electrical testing facility are: check-in, washing, and preliminary inspection; repair; electrical test; drying; final inspection; record-keeping and marking; and powdering, pairing, and packing for storage or shipment. Electrical testing shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.1 This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating gloves and sleeves for protection from electrical shock.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 6 and 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 7.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification establishes specifications and test requirements for protectors to be worn over electrical workers’ rubber insulating gloves.  
1.2 It is intended that the protectors specified herein fit snugly over rubber insulating gloves specified in Specification D120 without causing mechanical damage to the rubber insulating glove. Cinching at the wrist is allowed.  
1.3 This specification covers the use of a material or combination of materials which do not compromise the integrity of the rubber insulating glove.  
1.4 Specification F696 was used to establish minimums for this specification.  
1.5 Protectors meeting this specification do not provide any electrical shock protection if used on their own.  
1.6 This specification specifies the response of protectors to electric arc, puncture and cut under controlled conditions.  
1.6.1 Field conditions will not directly correlate to testing methods.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except as noted. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 6 and 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Table of Contents  
Section Title  
Section/Paragraph  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Pole and Tree Climbers  
Classification  
5  
Ordering Information  
6  
Pole and Tree Climbers  
7  
Climber Gaffs  
8  
Climber Straps  
9  
Climber Pads  
10  
Climber Footplates  
11  
Body Belts, Positioning Devices and Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD)  
Classification  
12  
Ordering Information  
13  
Two Dee Body Belts, Auxiliary Positioning Belts, and Four Dee Body Belts  
14  
Two Dee Body Belts  
14.1  
Auxiliary Positioning Belts and Four Dee Body Belts  
14.2  
Positioning Devices  
15  
Wood Pole Fall Restriction Device (WPFRD)  
16  
Arborist Saddle  
17  
Harnesses  
Classification  
18  
Ordering Information  
18.2  
Sizing  
18.3  
Marking  
18.4  
Energy Absorbing Lanyards  
Classification  
19  
Ordering Information  
20  
Energy Absorbing Lanyards  
21  
Qualification Testing  
After Exposure to an Electric Arc  
22  
Hardware Requirements  
23  
Test Equipment  
24  
Qualification Testing  
25  
Body Belts, Four Dee Body Belts, and Auxiliary Positioning Belts  
25.1  
Positioning Devices  
25.2  
WPFRD  
25.3  
Arborist Saddle  
25.4  
Harness  
25.5  
Energy Absorbers  
25.6  
Instructions  
26  
Guarantee and Rejection  
27  
Keywords  
28  
1.1 This standard covers the specifications and qualification testing of the following:  
Climbers,
Climber straps,
Climber Pads,
Climber Footplates,
Body Belts,
Work Positioning Devices with Locking Snaphooks/Carabiners,
Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD),
Arborist Saddle,
Harnesses,
Energy Absorbing Lanyards.
These devices are used by workers in the climbing of poles, trees, towers, and other structures. Minimum performance criteria for harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards in arresting a fall after exposure to electric arcs are included for workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs or flame.  
1.2 Equipment may fall within one of the following categories:  
1.2.1 Fall (Travel) Restraint—Prevents a user from reaching a fall hazard (allow 0 fall distance).  
1.2.2 Work Positioning—Allows a 2 ft maximum free fall distance.  
1.2.3 Fall Arrest—Allows a 6 ft maximum free fall distance with a maximum arrest force of 1800 lb.
Note 1: Under certain conditions and with the use of equipment designed for such conditions, a 12-ft free-fall distance with a maximum arrest force of 1800 lb is allowed.  
1.2.4 Suspension—Allows 0 free-fall distance while supporting the user’s weight.  
1.2.5 Fall Restriction—to prevent or limit free fall from a work position or while ascending/descending a wood pole.  
1.3 Three types of climbers, (Types A, B, and C) and two types of climber straps, Types (A and B) are covered.  
1.4 Two types of body belts, (Types A and B) are covered.  
1.5 Eight types of work positioning devices: three positioning straps, (Types A, B, and C), three adjustable-positioning lanyards, (Types A, B and C) and two nonadjustable positioning lanyards, (Types A and B) are covered.  
1.6 Two types of WPFRD, (Types A and AB) are covered.  
1.7 Arborist saddle, (Type A) Work Positioning and Suspension are covered.  
1.8 Two types of harnesses, (Types A and B) are covered.  
1.9 Two types of energy absorbing lanyards, (Types A and B) are covered.  
1.10 The values stated in United States customary units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.11 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, 9.2, 10.3, 11.2, 14.1.4, 15.3, 15.4, 16.2, 17.2, 18.4, 21.2, 22, 23, and 25 of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 This specification’s test method is used to determine an arc rating for eye or face protective products, including face shields, safety spectacles, goggles, or other applicable portions of the complete product that are required to meet the current version of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1. This excludes the textile or parts of the hood assemblies or other rated products that are not testable by ANSI/ISEA Z87.1. This standard does not measure optical and impact properties (see ANSI/ISEA Z87.1) but does specify requirements for optical and impact properties in accordance with that standard.  
9.2 The test method is used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions and does not purport to predict damage from light other than the thermal aspects measured.  
9.3 The specification’s test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a product/design, intended for use as eye or face protection for workers exposed to electric arcs. For whole body protection, additional personal protective equipment (PPE) will be required for parts not covered by this standard.  
9.3.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. The results of each sensor are evaluated in accordance with Section 16.  
9.4 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
9.5 Different exposure conditions produce different incident energies and different heat fluxes. This standard exposure is used for comparison of products and hazard assessment methods may use multiplication factors or other means for determining protection.  
9.6 The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests to verify the performance of the eye or face protective product. Claims for failu...
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1.1 This product specification is used to determine the arc rating and specify the requirements for products intended for use as eye or face protection for workers exposed to electric arcs. The arc rating is determined in the test with an arc which has a heat flux value of 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2/s]. Products are tested as sold.  
1.2 The products covered by this standard are in the form of faceshields attached to the head by protective helmets (hard hats), headgear, hood assemblies, safety spectacles or goggles. Faceshields, safety spectacles or goggles are tested with or without other face and head protective products, for example, sock hoods, balaclavas, sweat shirt hoods or jacket hoods.  
1.2.1 Fabric layers used in the design of face protection products such as in hood, neck guards, balaclava, meet the requirements of Specification F1506. When fabrics are designed into the protection provided for eye or face protective products, the arc rating of fabric system is first determined by Test Method F1959/F1959M.  
1.2.2 The arc rating of the eye or face protective product which requires fabric to provide protection to the face or head will not be higher than the lower arc rating of either the fabric system or the shield/visor assembly.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to describe or appraise the effect of the electric arc fragmentation or propulsion of parts of equipment or molten metal splatter, deposited from the pressure wave containing molten metals and possible fragments of other materials except to the extent that heat energy transmissio...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating line hose and covers for protection from electrical shock. Line hose covered in this specification are designed as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 or Class 4; Style A, Style B, Style C or Style D. Covers covered in this standard are designated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 or Class 4; Style A, Style B, Style C, Style D or Style E. Electrodes, ac test, and dc tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating line hose and covers for protection of workers from accidental contact with energized electrical wires or equipment.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2.1.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a hand protective product material, or a combination of hand protective product materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values are observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions are allowed and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
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1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of hand protective products in the form of gloves, glove materials, glove material systems, or other protective products designed to fit on the hand and specifically intended for electric arc flash protection use as protective accessories for workers exposed to electric arcs. The arc rating is determined in the test with an arc that has a heat flux value of 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2/s].  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of hand protective products made of materials that meet the following requirements for flame resistance: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length, less than 2 s afterflame and no melt and drip when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413, receive a reported 50 % probability of ignition of a material or flammable underlayer (see definition of ignition50) by this method, or that have been evaluated and pass the ignition withstand requirements of this test method.  
1.2.1 It is the intent of this test method to be used for hand protective products that are flame resistant or that have an adequate flame resistance for the required hazard (see 1.2). Non-flame resistant hand protective products may be used as under layers in multiple-layer systems or tested for ignition probability or ignition withstand.  
1.2.2 Hand protective products tested by this test method are new and ratings received by this method may be reduced or eliminated by hydrocarbon loading (gasoline, diesel fuel, transformer oil, etc.), sweat, dirt, grease, or other contaminants. The end user takes responsibility for use of hand protective products tested by this method when contaminated in such a manner that could reduce or eliminate the arc rating of the hand protective products.  
1.2.3 This test method is designed to provide information for gloves used for electric arc protection only. This test method is not suitable for determining electrical protective properties of hand protective products.  
1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the properties of hand protective products in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.4 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined  
1.6 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment that takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this s...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides inspection methods and techniques that may be used to examine electrical protective rubber products for irregularities. The methods have applications in manufacturing facilities, testing laboratories, and in the field where the products are used.  
4.2 This guide also contains photographs that illustrate the descriptions of terms listed in Section 3 and in Definitions F819.
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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to present methods and techniques for the visual inspection of electrical protective rubber products. This guide also includes descriptions and photographs of irregularities found in these products.  
Note 1: It is not the purpose of this guide to establish the acceptance level of any irregularity described herein. That shall be established by the standard for each product.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant.  
3.2 While test blocks of many different kinds have been used for this purpose for many years, an acrylic polymer rod offers the best all-around combination of suitable acoustic properties, practical convenience, ease of procurement, and low cost.  
3.3 Because the acoustic properties of the acrylic rod are known to depend on temperature, this practice requires that the rod, sensors, and couplant be stabilized at the same working temperature, prior to application of the practice.  
3.4 Attention should be paid to storage conditions for the acrylic polymer rod. For example, it should not be left in a freezing or hot environment overnight, unless it is given time for temperature stabilization before use.  
3.5 Properly applied and with proper record keeping, this practice can be used in many ways, such as:  
3.5.1 To determine when a sensor is no longer suitable for use.  
3.5.2 To check sensors that have been exposed to high-risk conditions such as dropping, overheating, and so forth.  
3.5.3 To get an early warning of sensor degradation over time.  
3.5.4 To obtain matched sets of sensors and preamplifiers.  
3.5.5 To verify sensors quickly but accurately in the field, and to assist troubleshooting when a channel does not pass a performance check.
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1.1 This practice is used for routinely checking the sensitivity of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. It is intended to provide a reliable, precisely specified way of comparing a set of sensors or telling whether an individual sensor's sensitivity has degraded during its service life, or both.  
1.2 The procedure in this practice is not a “calibration” and does not give frequency-response information.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This practice does not purport to recommend one sensor manufacturer over another nor does it imply that one type of sensor will react differently from another when using this procedure.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These specifications cover the equipment making up the temporary grounding system used on de-energized electric power lines, electric supply stations, and equipment. These specifications for a system of protective grounding utilizing copper cables are covered in four parts, as follows: clamps, ferrules, cables, and temporary protective grounds. Each of the four parts is an entity of itself, but is listed as a part of the system for completeness and clarification. The clamps shall be subject to design tests for determining mechanical torque strength and electrical short circuit capacity. The ferrules shall be tested for electrical short-circuit capacity and continuous current rating. The elastomer or thermoplastic making up the jacket of the flexible cable shall be tested according to the specified methods.
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1.1 These specifications cover the equipment making up the temporary grounding system used on de-energized electric power lines, electric supply stations, and equipment.  
1.2 It is common practice for the users of protective grounding equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern in detail the correct use and maintenance of such equipment.  
1.3 The uses and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of these specifications.  
1.4 These specifications for a system of protective grounding utilizing copper cables are covered in four parts, as follows:    
Sections  
Clamps for Temporary Protective Grounds  
4 – 16    
Ferrules for Temporary Protective Grounds  
17 – 30    
Cables for Temporary Protective Grounds  
31 – 39    
Protective Grounds (Complete Assembly With Clamps, Ferrules, and Cable)  
40 – 52  
1.5 Each of the four parts is an entity of itself, but is listed as a part of the system for completeness and clarification.  
1.6 Currents presented in Table 1 are based upon cable melting times, as determined from equations by I. M. Onderdonk and are to used in situations involving an asymmetry value less than 20 % (X/R ≤ 1.8). See Appendix X1.  
Note 1: TPG testing is done on complete assemblies. Assembly ratings assume the grade of lowest graded component (see 43.1.6).  
1.6.1 Currents presented in Table 2 are based upon the values from EPRI Project RP2446 Computer Program RTGC “A Desktop Computer Program for Calculating Rating of Temporary Grounding Cables” and are to be used in situations involving an asymmetry value greater than 20 % (X/R ≧ 1.8), see Appendix X2.  
Note 1: The above current values are based on electromechanical test values.
Note 2: Assemblies that have been subjected to these shall not be re-used.
Note 3: For use with currents exceeding 20 % asymmetry factor.
Note 4: See X2.7.2 for additional information.
Note 5: Alternate testing circuits are available for laboratories that cannot achieve the above requirements. See Appendix X2 for details.
Note 1: Table 1 represents the clamp and assembly ratings that existed prior to this revision. Table 2 represents new ratings now required for high X/R situations.  
1.6.2 See Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for a discussion of these topics.  
1.7 The values stated in Newton-Meter units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are the inch-pound units.  
1.8 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portions, Sections 12 and 25 of these specifications: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issue...

ABSTRACT
These specifications provides the manufacture and testing, as well as individual design, electrical, mechanical, and workmanship requirements for a system of flexible insulated temporary bypass jumpers used on energized power lines and equipment. These specifications for a system of bypass jumpers are covered in four parts as follows: clamps for bypass jumpers; ferrules for bypass jumpers; cable for bypass jumpers; and bypass jumpers (complete assembly with clamps, ferrules, and cable). The use and maintenance of these equipments are not addressed in these specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and testing of flexible insulated temporary By-Pass jumpers (By-Pass jumpers) used on energized power lines and equipment.  
1.2 It is common practice for the user of this protective equipment to prepare complete instructions and safety regulations to govern in detail the correct and safe use of such equipment. Also see 4.2.  
1.3 The use and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 This specification for a system of By-Pass jumpers is covered in four parts as follows:    
Title  
Sections  
Clamps for By-Pass Jumpers  
5 – 17  
Ferrules for By-Pass Jumpers  
18 – 31  
Cable for By-Pass Jumpers  
32 – 40  
By-Pass Jumpers (complete assembly
with clamps, ferrules, and cable)  
41 – 55  
1.5 Each of the four parts is an entity of itself, but is listed as a part of the system for completeness and clarification.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 13, 26, 48, and 55 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the technical characteristics of and test methods for insulating rods and foam-filled tubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) that are intended for use in live line tools. This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods made from other materials, as well as fittings and attachments to the rods and foam-filled tubes for complete tools are not covered in this specification. The rods and tubes shall undergo four types of tests, namely: design test, sample test, routine test, and acceptance test. Tests shall be conducted to evaluate the following mechanical and electrical properties: wicking, bending deflection, horizontal crush, tension, shear, compression, modulus of elasticity, and mechanical aging; and dielectric current and leakage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers insulating rods and foam-filled tubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) that are intended for use in live line tools.  
1.2 This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods from other materials. Specifications for fittings and attachments to rods and foam-filled tubes for complete tools are not covered in this specification.  
1.3 This specification establishes the technical characteristics that the tubes and rods must satisfy.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the acceptance testing of insulating rubber matting that are used as a floor covering for the personal protection of workers. The sheeting shall be made from any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds. Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I, which has been properly vulcanized, and Type II, which has one or more of the following special properties: (A) ozone resistance; (B) flame resistance; and (C) oil resistance. Five classes of matting, designated as Classes 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical protection characteristics. When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures detailed herein, the matting shall adhere to the following property requirements: electrical properties such as phase-phase maximum use voltage, AC and DC proof-test voltages, AC and DC dielectric breakdown test voltages, and AC and DC electrode clearances; an physical and chemical properties such as moisture absorption, oil resistance, tensile strength, tension set, elongation, resistance to accelerated heat aging, and flame resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
X1.3 Significance and Use
X1.3.1 Tests made on a cellular plastic under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the rate of burning and/or extent and time of burning of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a measure of deterioration or change in burning characteristics prior to or during use.
X1.3.2 This test method is not intended to be a criterion for fire hazard. The fire hazard created by materials depends upon the form and end use of the material. Assessment of fire hazard includes, but is not limited to, many factors, such as, ease of ignition, burning rate, flame spread, fuel contribution, intensity of burning, and products of combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection of workers.  
1.2 Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I and Type II matting.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 17 to 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for use through normal temperature ranges.
Note 2: Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that includes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This product specification is used to determine the ability of the arc protective blankets to withstand the effects of arc flash and arc blast in a configuration in which the blanket is hung or anchored near energized equipment. Specifically, the imbedded test method is used to determine and specify the arc protective blanket’s (1) resistance to breakopen, (2) mechanical strength, and (3) ability to self-extinguish flames following a controlled arc exposure.  
1.2 The products covered by this specification are labeled with a performance level for arc protective blankets in terms of: maximum arc current level expressed in kA and Breakopen Threshold Performance (BTP) expressed as the product of arc current in kA and arc duration in number of cycles to cause breakopen (kA*cycles). Cycles are on the basis of 60 Hz.  
1.3 Blanket test specimens used in this specification are test size blankets of 152 ± 5 cm [60 ± 2 in.] by 122 ± 5 cm [48 ± 2 in.]. The test specimen size is for testing purposes only. Commercially available arc protective blankets either larger or smaller than the test specimen size are covered by this specification.  
1.4 The arc protective blankets described in this specification are made of flame-resistant materials and are available in varying sizes and configurations based on the application.  
1.5 The specification is used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to incident thermal (convective and radiant) and pressure energies generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment, which takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 9.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the acceptance testing of insulating rubber sheeting that are used as a covering for the personal protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. The sheeting shall be made from any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds of natural or synthetic origin. Two types of sheeting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as: Type I, non-resistant to ozone; and Type II, resistant to ozone. Six classes of sheeting, designated as Classes 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are assigned according to electrical protection characteristics. Styles of sheeting are designated in accordance to construction characteristics, namely: Style A, sheeting free of any reinforcements; and Style B, sheeting incorporated with reinforcement(s). When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures detailed herein, the sheeting shall adhere to the following property requirements: electrical properties such as phase-phase maximum use voltage, AC and DC proof-test voltages, AC and DC dielectric breakdown test voltages, and AC and DC clearances; and physical and chemical properties such as ozone resistance, moisture absorption, and oil resistance, tensile strength, tension set, elongation, drape stiffness, flex stiffness, bursting strength, low temperature resistance, tear resistance, resistance to accelerated heat aging, flame resistance, shore hardness, and puncture resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers testing of rubber insulating sheeting for use as a covering for the protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits.  
1.2 Two types of sheeting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone and Type II, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Three classes of sheeting, differing in electrical protection characteristics are provided and designated as Class 00, Class 0, and Class 1.  
1.4 Two styles of sheeting, differing in construction characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A and Style B.  
1.5 The follow safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 17 – 19, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Rubber Insulating Sheeting should remain flexible for use through normal temperature ranges.
Note 2: Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that includes elastomers and elastomeric compounds, regardless of origin.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Compliance with this guide should confirm known and acceptable quality of hand-held insulating live-line tools manufactured using fiberglass meeting Specification F711. The guidance herein is to be considered as a minimum requirement.  
3.2 The user of this type of protective equipment should be knowledgeable of and instructed in the correct and safe inspection and use of this equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides recommendations for in-service inspection, maintenance, and electrical testing of hand-held insulating live-line tools.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for determining the heat attenuation factor (HAF) of a shield material and the effective heat attenuation factor (EHAF) at the location of the worker. This can be obtained by measuring the reduction of the arc incident energy levels caused by a shield attached on a live line tool (hot stick) or on a racking rod and designed for protection for workers exposed to electric arcs. The shield mechanical strength (SMS) can be obtained from visual observations of the high speed video recordings of each shot during HAF tests.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values and pressure may result for individual sensors. The results of each sensor are evaluated in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the shield and the heat sensors in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions may produce different results.
Note 1: In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be reported should this data be cited.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the heat attenuation factor (HAF), the effective heat attenuation factor (EHAF), and the shields mechanical strength (SMS) of a shield attached on live line tools or racking rods intended for protection of workers exposed to electric arcs.  
1.2 The materials used in this test method of worker protection are in the form of a shield attached on live line tools or on the racking rods.  
1.3 The protective shield described in this test method shall be transparent and shall be easily attached and removed from live line tools or from racking rods.  
1.4 The protective shield described in this test method has 24-in. (0.61-m) diameter and can be used for most applications, however for special cases, the shield can have different sizes to suit the protective requirements of the application.  
1.5 This standard shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to incident energies (thermal-convective, and radiant and pressure wave) generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions and does not purport to predict damage from light, resultant pressure impact other than the pressure and thermal aspects measured.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment, which takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precautions, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits testing of the major components of a digger derrick generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within the digger derrick under controlled loading. The energy releases occur during intentional application of a predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals. Acceptance/rejection criteria are beyond the scope of this test method. The test may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern, or to prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure of the digger derrick resulting from the application of the test load.  
5.2 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emission sources that may be defects, irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial personnel device.  
5.3 Significant sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test techniques or by other nondestructive methods (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive methods may be required in order to precisely locate defects in the digger derrick, and to estimate their size. Additional tests are outside the scope of this test method.  
5.4 Defective areas found in digger derricks by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of digger derricks.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method applies to special multipurpose vehicle-mounted machines, commonly known as digger derricks. These machines are primarily designed to dig holes, set poles, and position materials and apparatus.  
1.1.1.1 Insulated and non-insulated type digger derricks may be evaluated with this test method.
1.1.1.2 Digger derricks, if so equipped to position personnel or equipment, or both, may also be evaluated with this test method in conjunction with Test Method F914.  
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—Excluded from this test method are general-purpose cranes designed only for lifting service and machines primarily designed only for digging holes.  
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection.  
1.3 Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.
FIG. 1 Digger Derrick Nomenclature  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating covers for use as portable protective devices for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. It includes insulator hoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors, cable end covers, and miscellaneous covers. The electrical, physical, and chemical requirements of this specification shall apply also to any new or modified styles of covers that may be developed for specific purposes. The covers shall be of three types: Type I – non-resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized; Type II - ozone resistant, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds; and Type III - ozone-resistant, made of any combination of elastomer and thermoplastic polymer, elastic in nature. Electrical proof, ozone resistance, chemical, and physical tests shall be conducted on each of the covers to determine its acceptability. The cover material shall conform to the tensile strength requirements, the accelerated aging, and for Type I covers, the determination of rubber polymer. Each cover shall withstand the specified ac proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating covers for use as portable protective devices for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. It includes insulator hoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors, cable end covers, and miscellaneous covers. The electrical, physical, and chemical requirements of this specification shall apply also to any new or modified styles of covers that may be developed for specific purposes.  
1.2 Three types of covers, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II and Type III, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of covers, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Five styles of covers, differing in design characteristics, are provided, and are designated as Style A, Style B, Style C, Style D, and Style E.  
Note 1: Because of the use requirements some covers are semi-rigid and others flexible. The flexible devices should remain suitably flexible for application and removal through normal temperatures of − 29 °C to 54.5 °C (−20 °F to 130 °F).  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 18.2 for a specific cautionary statement.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used for a range of purposes including incident replication, development of improved arc rated protective products, and the determination of the response characteristics and design integrity of new or used arc rated finished products intended for use as protection for workers exposed to electric arcs.  
5.1.1 In-service garments can have very different wash and wear histories. Caution must be used when applying test results from a particular used garment. Factors to consider include the garments’ wear histories, work environments, and tasks for which the garments were worn; the methods and facilities for garment maintenance; the number of launderings or processings the garments have been subjected to; and other factors that could impact the protective performance of different garments. Test results from specific used garments should be considered only an approximation of results that might be obtained from other used garments of the same type.  
5.1.2 When using the practice for evaluating flame resistance, great care should be taken since ignition by electric arc is a statistical phenomenon. An exposure of 20 cal/cm2 has been consistently shown to evaluate most ignitable materials but some may require higher energy to reach the breakopen point of the fabric depending on coatings or specific fiber types. Consider using a vertical flame test such as Test Method D6413 to evaluate for ignition and use this practice for illustration.  
5.2 This practice maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice identifies protocols for use in conducting arc testing on finished products intended for use as thermal protection by workers who may be exposed to electric arc hazards.  
1.1.1 The practice is also used for other components which can be exposed to electric arc, but which do not require an arc rating.
1.1.1.1 If items are tested and they do not meet the appropriate standard, it is the responsibility of the specimen submitter to provide this information for indication in the test report.  
1.2 Arc Rated protective items are typically tested using this practice to evaluate the performance of the interface area between the product and the other arc flash PPE or to evaluate zippers and other findings.  
1.3 This practice does not establish an arc rating for any product. Other ASTM test methods are to be used when applicable such as ASTM F1959/F1959M, F2178, and F2675.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to produce an arc rating and does not replicate in all types of arc exposures.  
1.5 This practice is used with the following standards:  
1.5.1 Protective fabric materials receive arc ratings from Test Method F1959/F1959M.  
1.5.2 Face protective products receive arc ratings from Test Method F2178.  
1.5.3 Gloves receive arc ratings from Test Method F2675.  
1.5.4 Rainwear materials, findings and closures are specified by Specification F1891.  
1.5.5 Garments are specified by Specification F1506.  
1.6 The test specimens used in this practice are typically in the form of arc-rated finished products. These arc-rated finished products may include, but are not limited to, single layer garments, multi-layer garments or ensembles, cooling vests, gloves, sleeves, chaps, rainwear, balaclavas, faceshields, and hood assemblies with hood shield windows. Non-arc rated finished products may be included when part of a flame-resistant system, or for evaluating heat transmission through the finished product for incident reenactment, or for evaluation of products needed but not available as arc rated (such as respirators, etc.)  
1.7 The arc rated finished product specimens are new products as sold or products which have been used for the intended purpose for a designated time.  
1.8 This practice is used to determine the response characteristics or design integrity of arc-ra...

ABSTRACT
This performance specification covers the design characteristics and associated test methods that relate specifically to the flame resistance of textile materials used in the fabrication of basic protection level occupational apparel worn by electrical workers who are exposed to momentary electric arc and related thermal hazards such as exposure to open flame and radiant heat. When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures enlisted herein, knit fabrics and woven fabrics of different fabric weights shall conform to individually specified values of the following properties: colorfastness such as laundering shade change, dry-cleaning shade change, and dimensional change; initial flammability characteristics and flammability characteristics after 25 washes/dry-cleaning such as char length and afterflame time; and arc test rating. Knit fabrics shall additionally be tested and adhere accordingly to bursting strength characteristics. Conversely, woven fabrics shall also be tested and adhere accordingly to breaking load, tear resistance, and seam slippage characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification identifies minimum performance requirements to determine the (a) arc rating of fabrics, (b) flame resistance of fabrics and subassemblies, (c) mechanical durability of the fabrics and subassemblies, (d) the minimum garment construction and performance requirements, and (e) the garment labeling requirements for the completed protective clothing worn by workers exposed to flames and electric arcs.  
1.1.1 The minimum requirements for garment labeling are intended to provide end users with adequate information to select garments with the appropriate arc rating.  
1.1.2 End users are required to perform an assessment to determine the level of hazard and the required arc rating of the protective clothing for their individual hazards.
1.1.2.1 The end user risk assessments are outside the scope of this standard.  
1.2 This performance specification does not address coated or laminated protective clothing commonly used for rainwear applications in an arc hazard environment. Performance requirements related to this category of protective clothing are detailed in Specification F1891.  
1.3 This performance specification does not address hand protection. Performance and test requirements related to hand protection are detailed in OSHA 1910.138, Specification D120, and Test Method F2675/F2675M.  
1.4 The care and maintenance requirements for laundering electric arc flash protective clothing are outside the scope of this standard. Refer to Guides F1449 or F2757 related to industrial or home laundering.  
1.5 This standard should be used to evaluate and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5.1 The results of this evaluation may be used as elements of a fire-risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating line hose for use as a portable protective device for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors. Two types of line hose are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II and Type III, resistant to ozone. Five classes of line hose, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. Four styles of line hose, differing in design characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A, Style B, Style C, and Style D. The line hose shall be constructed in four styles: straight style, connector-end style, extended-lip style, and connectorend extended-lip style. The line hose shall be formed with an interlocking lip of sufficient length to prevent the device from being dislodged accidentally from the conductor it covers. The interlocking lip shall be closely adjacent to the inside surface contour of the outer wall. The depth of adapter end of connector-end style line hose shall be not less than a certain value, and its inside diameter shall be such that it will snugly grip the end of the line hose of the same size which it joins. Each line hose shall conform to the physical requirements such as determined tensile strength, elongation, tension set, tear resistance and moisture absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber insulating line hose for use as a portable protective device for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors.  
1.2 Two types of line hose are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II and Type III, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Five classes of line hose, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 Four styles of line hose, differing in design characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A, Style B, Style C, and Style D.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 18.1.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal. Tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, accelerated aging, water immersion, ozone resistance, and force decay shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. Blankets covered shall be designated as type I or type II; class 0, class 1, class 2, class 3, or class 4; style A or style B: type I - not resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized; and type II - ozone-resistant, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds. Style A - constructed of the elastomers indicated under type I or type II, shall be free of any reinforcement; and style B - constructed of the elastomers indicated under type I or type II, shall incorporate a reinforcement. Electrical testing shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. The product requirements and acceptance testing are as shown in Specification D1048.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 6 and 8.2 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers manufacturing and testing of rubber insulating gloves for protection of workers from electrical shock. Two types of gloves are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone. Six classes of gloves, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 00, Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The following tests shall be performed: ac proof test; ac breakdown test; ac moisture absorption/proof test; dc proof test; dc breakdown test; ozone resistance test; chemical tests; tensile strength; tear resistance test; and puncture resistance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing of rubber insulating gloves for protection of workers from electrical shock.  
1.2 Two types of gloves are provided and are designated as Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.  
1.3 Six classes of gloves, differing in electrical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 00, Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 16, 17, 18, and 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 18.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the testing and corresponding design and performance requirements for insulated and insulating hand tools used for working on, or in close proximity to, energized electrical apparatus or conductors operating at maximum voltage of 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc. The hand tools covered here are screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, nippers, strippers, cable cutting tools, cable scissors, knives, and tweezers. These tools shall be evaluated via visual and dimensional checks, ambient temperature and extreme low temperature impact tests, dielectric tests, indentation tests, adhesion tests for insulating material coatings, flame resistance tests, and mechanical tests such as bending, torque, and locking tests. Routine tests, acceptance criteria, and quality assurance plan for these tools are considered as well.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The performance and durability of the tools covered in this specification are not covered beyond those referenced in the applicable ASME, ANSI, or ISO standards and GGG specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the testing of insulated and insulating hand tools used for working on, or in close proximity to, energized electrical apparatus or conductors operating at maximum voltage of 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc.  
1.2 The specific use of these tools is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with the use of tools on, or in close proximity to, energized electrical apparatus.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mechanical and electrical testing and acceptance criteria for live line and measuring telescoping tools. It shall be used for design, routine, and acceptance testing. It does not cover multiple section or extendable section clampsticks. Mechanical test methods shall include horizontal bending deflection test, free fall impact test, tension test, and vertical deflection test. Measuring device tool need not to comply with mechanical strength requirements of this specification. Electrical test methods shall include electrical design test and electrical withstand test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mechanical and electrical testing and acceptance criteria for telescoping live line tools.  
1.1.1 A tool designed only for use as a measuring device need not comply with mechanical strength requirements of this specification.  
1.2 The use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 This specification does not cover multiple section or extendable section clampsticks.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to Section 9 only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers insulating lifting links used for protection of workers positioning a load from accidental contact of the load lifting equipment with live electrical conductors, apparatus, and circuits.  
1.2 This specification includes design, material, and testing requirements for the manufacturer and in-service inspection, testing and care requirements for the user or the agent of the user.  
1.3 Insulating links whose primary application does not pertain to power line electrical safety are not within the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Electrical contact injuries to workers may involve a current path through the feet of the worker. The footwear covered by this specification is dielectrically rated to provide additional insulation and isolation to the wearer. This test method will determine that dielectric footwear has dielectric integrity at the time of the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing to determine the “Dielectric Strength” of dielectric overfoot and overshoe footwear. Testing is done over the maximum possible area of the dielectric footwear without permitting flashover between electrodes.  
1.2 The use and maintenance of dielectric footwear is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements appear in 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an APD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.  
5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.  
5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial device.  
5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in APDs.  
5.5 Defective areas found in aerial devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with supplemental load handling attachments.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with supplemental load handling attachments:
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.  
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
Note 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.  
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. (Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.)  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.  
5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.  
5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emission sources that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial personnel device.  
5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in aerial personnel devices.  
5.5 Defective areas found in aerial personnel devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for non-destructive testing using acoustic emission (AE) testing for aerial personnel devices, which do not have a supplemental load handling attachment.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted insulated aerial personnel devices:
1.1.1.1 Extensible boom aerial personnel devices,
1.1.1.2 Articulating boom aerial personnel devices, and
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.  
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
1.1.2.1 Material-handling aerial devices,
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform, and
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform.  
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection.  Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.
Note 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide provides a recommended list of selected ship structure details for use in ship construction. Structural details which have failed in service and are not recommended for use in ship construction are included as well. This guide is intended to convey the lessons learned on different configurations of ship structure details, not the dimensions, thickness, or construction methods which would result from structural calculations. Details are shown for the ten families of structural details, which are: beam brackets, clearance cut-outs, gunwale connections, miscellaneous cut-outs, non-tight collars, panel stiffeners, stanchion ends, stiffener ends, tight collars, and tripping brackets. Evaluation of details is based on in-service experience as described in "Design Guide for Structural Details". Data for over 400 details is summarized and rated by observed relative successful performance. Each of the ten families of details includes configurations with no signs of failures. The details without failures within each family group are shown in descending order of numbers observed. Those details with failures are shown in ascending order of failures (percentages are indicated for each). Thus the first detail shown in each family group has the best observed service performance and is most highly recommended while the last has the highest failure rate and therefore least desirable. The details provide guidance in the selection of structural detail configurations in future design and repair of such details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of Poly Vinyl Chloride insulating sheeting for use as a covering for protection of workers.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 17 – 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design testing of mechanical and electrical characteristics of structure-mounted insulating work platforms for electrical workers in conjunction with personal protective equipment while working on energized circuits. This shall include, but not limited to, insulating gloves with protectors or insulating and insulated hotsticks, or both and a fall protection device that does not compromise the electrical insulating protection of the platform. The platforms shall be subjected to electrical test to determine the leakage current and the ability of the specimen to withstand certain alternating-current potential without flashover between electrodes. Mechanical test shall also be conducted to allow deflection measurement under controlled loading and to determine the ability of the platform to withstand this loading without visible damages such as cracks, delamination, permanent deformation, or discoloration.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design testing of mechanical and electrical characteristics of structure-mounted insulating work platforms used by electrical workers.  
1.2 Platforms covered by this specification are singleworker platforms not exceeding 9 ft (2.75 m) in length. Platforms designed to support more than one worker at a time are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Non-insulating platforms are not within the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The use and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acceptance testing of dielectric overfoot and overshoe footwear designed to provide additional isolation or insulation of workers if in accidental contact with energized electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. Styles of overshoe footwear covered under this specification shall be designated as: Rubbers, designed to be worn over existing footwear and to cover only the foot of the worker; Boots, designed to be worn over existing footwear and to cover the foot and lower leg of the worker to below the knee; and Galoshes, designed to be worn over existing footwear and to cover the foot and lower leg of the worker to below the knee and having fasteners to close the folded front flaps. Each article of overshoe footwear shall be given a proof test and shall withstand the 60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of dielectric overfoot and overshoe footwear designed to provide additional isolation or insulation of workers if in accidental contact with energized electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits.  
1.2 Three styles of overshoe footwear are provided and are designated as rubbers, boots, and galoshes.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to the clampstick type live line tools to ensure manufacturing processes and materials are compatible and no deterioration of components occur during the assembly process. Neither the FRP tube and rod, foam filling, or the bonding adhesive shall deteriorate during the prescribed mechanical and electrical test. The external surface of the FRP shall be uniform, symmetrical, and free of abrasions, scratches, blemishes, and surface defects. The mechanical design test and electrical design test procedures are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to the Clampstick type live line tools to ensure manufacturing processes and materials are compatible and no deterioration of components occur during the assembly process.  
1.2 This specification establishes the technical characteristics for clampsticks.  
1.3 This specification applies to clampsticks both hollow and foam-filled.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portions of this specification:   This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicable of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 The use, maintenance, and in-service testing of this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for portable, live-line tool-supported two-pole phasing testers to be used on AC electrical systems. It provides two types of phasing testers, designated as Type I Resistive and Type II Capacitive, and two styles of phasing testers, designated as Style A Numerical and Style B Audible/Visual. It does not cover the use and maintenance of these high voltage phasing testers and any necessary insulated tool handles. The standard addresses ordering information for high voltage phasing testers, marking and instructions, workmanship, finish and appearance, testing, rejection and rehearing, certification, and precision and bias. Definitions of terms specific to this standard are provided, including clear indication, contact electrode, indicator, indication, insertion limit, interference field, interference ground, threshold angle, threshold voltage, and voltage range.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported two-pole phasing testers to be used on AC electrical systems.  
1.2 Two types of phasing testers are provided and are designated as Type I Resistive and Type II Capacitive.  
1.3 Two styles of phasing testers are provided and are designated as Style A Numerical and Style B Audible/Visual.  
1.4 The use and maintenance of these high voltage phasing testers and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specification refers to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Phasing Testers covered by this specification may be used in other than three-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground (earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac voltages. This specification establishes requirements for the design and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical power industry, to determine the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage. The following tests shall be performed: voltage; low temperature impact; drop/impact; humidity; wet test; battery life test; durability of labeling; vibration resistance; continuous operation rating; response time; testing the self-test function; acceptable audible indication; acceptable visual indication; visual inspection; method to measure threshold voltage; interference voltage testing; leakage current testing; dielectric testing for detector housing; and wet testing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the design and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical power industry, to determine the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage or the measured voltage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac voltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 50/60 Hz. The function of the voltage detector is limited to the detection of the presence or absence of nominal operating voltage.  
1.1.1 Two types of voltage detectors are provided and are designated as Type I, audible/visual and Type II, numeric, with or without audible.  
1.1.2 Two styles of voltage detectors, differing in wet conditions characteristics, are provided and are designated as Style A, indoor use and Style B indoor/outdoor use.  
1.2 The use and maintenance of these high voltage detectors and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specification refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltage detectors covered by this specification may be used in other than three-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground (earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers leather protectors for rubber insulating gloves and mittens. Leather protectors shall provide mechanical protection only for the rubber insulating gloves and mittens. Leather material shall be grain cowhide, buffled gain cowhide, grain deerskin, grain pigskin, grain horsehide, or grain goatskin. Leather protectors shall be manufactured in clute, gunn, montpelier, or one-finger mitten patterns. Stiching, dimensions, workmanship, and markings shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers leather protector gloves and leather protector mittens to be worn over electrical workers' rubber insulating gloves and rubber insulating mittens.  
1.2 It is intended that the gloves specified herein shall fit snugly and without undue wrinkles over rubber insulating gloves and rubber insulating mittens specified in Specification D120.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes applicable test methods, minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a suggested sizing guide, and suggested purchasing information for rainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs and open flames. It does not however apply to electrical contact hazards or electric shock hazards involved with electric arcs nor to flash fire hazards such as industrial hydrocarbon flash fires or other petrochemical flash fire hazards. The rainwear shall be manufactured of materials and constructed using seams that meet the requirements for leak resistance and shall meet the physical requirements of this specification initially as manufactured and after five cleanings. The specimen shall be subjected to tests to determine conformance to the following requirements: flame resistance, tear strength resistance, waterproofness, electric arc resistance, material average weight, arc rating, arc thermal performance value, breakopen threshold energy, heat attenuation factor, and melting and dripping. The material response characteristics for rainwear material, including afterflame time, breakopen, charring, dripping, electric arc ignition, embrittlement, melting, and shrinkage, shall be reported for two typical exposures at least equal to the arc rating and also for two typical exposures at least two times the arc rating.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes applicable test methods, minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a suggested sizing guide, and suggested purchasing information for rainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs and open flames.  
1.1.1 This specification does not apply to the electrical contact hazards or electric shock hazards involved with electric arcs.  
1.1.2 This specification does not apply to flash fire hazards such as industrial hydrocarbon flash fires or other petrochemical flash fire hazards.  
1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe fit, function and performance criteria for rainwear that meets a minimum level of thermal and physical performance when exposed to a laboratory–simulated electric arc or flame exposure.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be referenced in purchase contracts to ensure that minimum performance requirements are met.  
1.4 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compliance with the performance requirements of this specification shall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for all situations to which wearers of this protective clothing may be exposed.  
1.5 The in-service care and use of this rainwear is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units shown in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Sections 7 and 9, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements, sizes, construction, tests, and procedures for unused ropes for use by electrical utilities and related industries on energized lines operating at voltages higher than a certain value. Electrical test shall be performed in order to determine the rope's electrical conductivity and resistivity to water. Physical properties such as hardness, diameter, breaking strength, elongation, and melt point shall be determined as well. Rope and strands shall be free from kinks, strand knots, and darting yarns or loose ends (inside yarns which project through cover yarns of strand at intervals along the rope).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements, sizes, construction, tests, and procedures for unused ropes for use by electrical utilities and related industries on energized lines operating at voltages higher than 1 kV.  
1.2 This specification covers the minimum electrical, mechanical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufacturer and the detailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests in order to verify the guarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by the manufacturer.  
1.3 The rope to which this specification applies is designed to be used in a clean and dry condition, on or near energized lines.  
1.4 A margin of safety shall be allowed between the maximum voltage and working distances on which it is used and the test voltage and lengths at which it is tested.  
1.5 It is common practice for the user of this type of equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern in detail the correct and safe use of such equipment.  
1.6 The use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The test levels used in this standard are for testing under laboratory conditions and are not to be regarded as safe use levels.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-contact high-voltage proximity alarms used to detect high voltage alternating current (ac) on overhead power lines. The high-voltage proximity alarm (HVPA) is limited to the detection of voltage greater than 600 V ac at power system frequencies between 50 to 60 Hz.  
1.2 High-voltage proximity alarms provide audible/visual alerts and may have the ability to limit movement of equipment.  
1.3 The use, installation, and maintenance of these high-voltage proximity alarms are beyond the scope of this specification. This standard does not purport to address installation, in service care or use.  
1.4 This standard demonstrates the high voltage proximity alarm (HVPA’s) ability to detect an e-field, and not the effects of various configurations of multiple power lines.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 9.1.4 and 10.9.2.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 All three tests may be used for product design qualification.  
4.2 This specification covers the minimum electrical, chemical, and physical properties designated by the manufacturer and the detailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests and may reject equipment that fails to meet the standard criteria. Claims concerning failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by the manufacturer.  
4.3 Plastic guard equipment is used for protection against accidental brush contact by the worker. A margin of safety shall be provided between the maximum voltage at which they are used and the proof-test voltage at which they are tested. This relationship is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The equipment is designed only for phase-to-ground or covered phase-to-covered-phase exposure.
Note 1: Rubber insulating equipment is realistically limited to Class 4 material in the design specification standards. Plastic guard equipment has been designed to go beyond these voltages and provide a satisfactory degree of worker protection. Major differences exist in use criteria between the rubber and the plastic guard equipment. Each glove, sleeve, or other article of rubber insulating equipment has a given safety factor for the phase to phase voltage on which it may be used and the class or proof voltage at which it is tested. Plastic guard equipment, however, is designed to provide a satisfactory safety factor only when used in a phase-to-ground exposure. If exposure is phase-to-phase, then a satisfactory safety factor is only provided if the exposure is covered-phase-to-covered-phase.  
4.4 Work practices vary from user to user, dependent upon many factors. These may include, but are not limited to, operating system voltages, construction design, work procedure techniques, weather conditions, etc. Therefore, except for the restrictions set forth in this specification becaus...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three electrical tests on plastic guards and assembled guard systems. They are:  
1.1.1 Method A—Withstand voltage proof test,  
1.1.2 Method B—Flashover voltage, and  
1.1.3 Method C—Leakage current.  
1.1.4 This specification covers plastic guard equipment and guard systems used by workers for temporary insulation on electric power circuits.  
1.1.5 Plastic guard equipment covered by this specification is rated for momentary, or brush contact only. Maximum-use voltages are covered in Table 1 and Table 2. (A) Cover-up materials are tested at values greater than the maximum use phase to ground values. The maximum use phase to phase values relate to guarded phase to guarded phase. The units are not rated for bare phase to guarded phase potentials.  (A) Cover-up materials are tested at values greater than the maximum use phase to ground values. The maximum use phase to phase values relate to guarded phase to guarded phase. The units are not rated for bare phase to guarded phase potentials.  
1.2 These test methods cover, but are not limited to, the following typical guards:  
1.2.1 Conductor Guards and Connecting Covers as follows:  
1.2.1.1 Line guards,
1.2.1.2 Line guard connectors,
1.2.1.3 Insulator covers,
1.2.1.4 Dead-end covers,
1.2.1.5 Bus guards, and
1.2.1.6 Bus “T” guards.  
1.2.2 Structure and Apparatus Covers as follows:  
1.2.2.1 Pole guards,
1.2.2.2 Ridge pin covers,
1.2.2.3 Switch blade covers,
1.2.2.4 Arm guards,
1.2.2.5 Cutout covers,
1.2.2.6 Structural barriers, and
1.2.2.7 Cross arm guard.  
1.3 It is common practice for the user of this equipment to prepare instructions for the correct use and maintenance.  
1.4 The use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond the scope of these test methods.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user o...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides positioning, installation, and anchoring techniques that may be used to arrange arc protective blankets to confine or divert the energies found from a fault that may include plasma arcing, pressure wave, and projectiles.  
5.2 Arc protective blankets may be used in an electrical application to confine or divert energy away from a work zone for electrical or other workers who may be exposed to an electric arc in the event of an equipment or conductor failure.  
5.3 This guide provides information for working around cables, splices, and any equipment components that have historical failures deemed to require additional protection or engineering controls, which could benefit from added protection provided by an arc protective blanket.  
5.4 This guide is designed for electrical engineers and qualified installers of arc protective blankets.  
5.5 The practice is limited by the blanket protective value, the sturdiness of the installation, and the engineering assumptions of the hazard assessment.  
5.6 These blankets do not typically provide dielectric protection.  
5.7 These blankets do not eliminate the need for arc-rated PPE but may reduce the level of the hazard in some installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for the selection, care, and use of arc protective blankets for personnel protection.  
1.2 This guide covers positioning and securing arc protective blankets (tested to Test Method F2676) and channeling the thermal, ballistic, and concussive forces generated by an arc flash event using arc protective blankets.  
1.3 This guide describes the use of the arc protective blanket to maximize its protective effectiveness to workers exposed to energized electrical equipment where complete de-energizing of the work zone cannot be achieved or for low-risk exposures with sufficient arc flash incident energy to warrant secondary protective means in the event of an arc flash.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.  
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.  
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.  
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.  
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.  
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.  
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.