17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
ICS 17.220.20 Details
Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
Messungen elektrischer und magnetischer Gro?en
Mesurage des grandeurs electriques et magnetiques
Merjenje električnih in magnetnih veličin
General Information
e-Library Subscription
Create subscription and get permanent access to documents within 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
Currently subscription includes documents marked with .We are working on making all documents available within the subscription.
IEC/IEEE 61869-21:2025 provides the requirements, the methods and the guidelines to be applied on the evaluation of uncertainty in testing the accuracy of instrument transformers (IT) with an analogue or a digital secondary signal for measuring, protection and control purposes, with rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 400 Hz.
This document covers the uncertainty evaluation in testing the accuracy of IT (including on-site testing of accuracy) independently of the technology used (either inductive or non-inductive).
This document reports on how to take into account the sources of uncertainty in the setups for accuracy and how to combine their effects in order to evaluate the uncertainty in the test results.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC/IEEE 80005-3:2025 specifies provisions for the design, installation and testing of low-voltage shore connection (LVSC) systems, onboard ships and on shore, to supply the ship with electrical power from shore.
This document is applicable to:
- ships requiring up to 1 MVA while at berth;
- three-phase shore connection systems rated 250 A and above, and with a nominal voltage rating of 400 V AC to 1 000 V AC;
- shore-side connection systems;
- shore-to-ship connection and interface equipment;
- transformers and reactors;
- semiconductor and rotating frequency convertors;
- ship-side connection systems;
- protection, control, monitoring, interlocking and power management systems.
This document does not apply to:
- inland navigation vessels;
- high-voltage shore connection systems, including ships built in accordance with the annexes of IEC/IEEE 80005-1;
- the electrical power supply during docking periods, for example dry docking and other out-of-service maintenance and repair;
- systems to be operated by ordinary persons as defined in 3.19.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 61326-2-7:2025 specifies the EMC test requirements for process automation equipment using at least one Ethernet APL (Ethernet ADVANCED PHYSICAL LAYER) compliant port according IEC TS 63444. The type of equipment covered by this document includes INFRASTRUCTURE DEVICES such as switches as well as measurement and control devices. This document provides requirements for the EMC test setups of the APL interface for devices intended for use in process control and process measurement.
The other functions of the equipment remain covered by other parts of the IEC 61326 series.
NOTE Ethernet-APL uses IEEE Std. 802.3 2022 Ethernet Physical Layer 10BASE-T1L, suitable to be used for full-duplex communication over a single balanced pair of conductors.
The test levels are based on the intended environment as stated in the product’s specification or user documentation and selected appropriately from IEC 61326-1.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 63616:2025 relates to a conductivity measurement method of thin metal films at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. This method has been developed to evaluate the conductivity of a metal foil used for adhering to a substrate or the interfacial conductivity of a metal layer formed on a dielectric substrate. It uses higher-order modes of a balanced-type circular disk resonator and provides broadband conductivity measurements by using a single resonator.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 63297:2025 provides a classification of NILM sensing devices for use in NILM systems, according to the state of the art of NILM technologies.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC/IEEE 62704-2:2017 establishes the concepts, techniques, validation procedures, uncertainties and limitations of the finite difference time domain technique (FDTD) when used for determining the peak spatial-average and whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) in a standardized human anatomical model exposed to the electromagnetic field emitted by vehicle mounted antennas in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz, which covers typical high power mobile radio products and applications. This document specifies and provides the test vehicle, human body models and the general benchmark data for those models. It defines antenna locations, operating configurations, exposure conditions, and positions that are typical of persons exposed to the fields generated by vehicle mounted antennas. The extended frequency range up to 6 GHz will be considered in future revisions of this document. This document does not recommend specific peak spatial-average and whole-body average SAR limits since these are found in other documents, e.g. IEEE C95.1-2005, ICNIRP (1998).
Key words: Electromagnetic Field, Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD), Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), vehicle mounted antennas
- Standard106 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard108 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC/IEEE 62704-2: 2025 Amendment 1
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 61554:2025 defines a system of dimensions for panel mounting of equipment. It is applicable to electrical and electrically operated indicating, recording and control instruments. The purpose of this document is to establish dimensional interchangeability between instruments made by different manufacturers.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61326-2-6:2025 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (IVD MEE). This part of IEC 61326 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IVD MEE in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances and to electromagnetic disturbances emitted by IVD MEE.
BASIC SAFETY with regard to electromagnetic disturbances is applicable to all IVD MEE.
NOTE 1 Performance with respect to electromagnetic disturbances other than ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is the subject of IEC 61326-1:2020
NOTE 2 IT equipment can be a part of an IVD MEE, if it is required to maintain BASIC SAFETY or ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Update of the document with respect to test levels and documentation.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63297:2025 provides a classification of NILM sensing devices for use in NILM systems, according to the state of the art of NILM technologies.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60270:2025 is applicable to the charge-based measurement of partial discharges which occur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltages (AC) up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage (DC).
This document:
– defines the terms used;
– defines the quantities to be measured;
– describes the measurement frequencies as well as the test and measuring circuits which may be used;
– defines analogue and digital measuring methods required for common applications;
– specifies methods for calibration and requirements of instruments used for calibration;
– gives guidance on test procedures;
– gives some assistance concerning the discrimination of partial discharges from external interference.
The provisions of this document are used in the drafting of specifications relating to partial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus. It deals with electrical measurements of impulsive (short-duration) partial discharges, but reference is also made to non-electrical methods primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). Diagnosis of the behaviour of specific power apparatus can be aided by digital processing of partial discharge data (see Annex E) and also by non-electrical methods that are primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F).
This document is primarily concerned with electrical measurement of partial discharge in terms of apparent charge for specific power apparatus made during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests are made with direct voltage are considered in Clause 11.
The terminology, definitions, basic test circuits and procedures often also apply to tests at other frequencies, but special test procedures and measuring system characteristics which are not considered in this document may be required. For measurements at higher frequency ranges, see IEC TS 62478.
Annex A provides normative requirements for performance tests on calibrators.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2000, and Amendment 1:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Title modified.
b) Use with alternating voltages up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage.
c) Clear focus on charge-based partial discharge measurements.
d) Streamlined performance checks for partial discharge measurement system components.
e) Improved normative Annex A for performance tests on calibrators.
f) Revised and new informative Annexes.
In a future revision, this document will seek horizontal publication status in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61326-2-6:2025 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (IVD MEE). This part of IEC 61326 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IVD MEE in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances and to electromagnetic disturbances emitted by IVD MEE. BASIC SAFETY with regard to electromagnetic disturbances is applicable to all IVD MEE. NOTE 1 Performance with respect to electromagnetic disturbances other than ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is the subject of IEC 61326-1:2020 NOTE 2 IT equipment can be a part of an IVD MEE, if it is required to maintain BASIC SAFETY or ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Update of the document with respect to test levels and documentation.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62586-3:2025 Describes a procedure used for maintenance tests of individual power quality instruments. Users of these instruments need to ensure the conformity of the individual power quality instrument for stationary use with the requirements of IEC 62586‑1. This is achieved by periodic maintenance tests as defined in this document.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60270:2025 is applicable to the charge-based measurement of partial discharges which occur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltages (AC) up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage (DC). This document: – defines the terms used; – defines the quantities to be measured; – describes the measurement frequencies as well as the test and measuring circuits which may be used; – defines analogue and digital measuring methods required for common applications; – specifies methods for calibration and requirements of instruments used for calibration; – gives guidance on test procedures; – gives some assistance concerning the discrimination of partial discharges from external interference. The provisions of this document are used in the drafting of specifications relating to partial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus. It deals with electrical measurements of impulsive (short-duration) partial discharges, but reference is also made to non-electrical methods primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). Diagnosis of the behaviour of specific power apparatus can be aided by digital processing of partial discharge data (see Annex E) and also by non-electrical methods that are primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). This document is primarily concerned with electrical measurement of partial discharge in terms of apparent charge for specific power apparatus made during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests are made with direct voltage are considered in Clause 11. The terminology, definitions, basic test circuits and procedures often also apply to tests at other frequencies, but special test procedures and measuring system characteristics which are not considered in this document may be required. For measurements at higher frequency ranges, see IEC TS 62478. Annex A provides normative requirements for performance tests on calibrators. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2000, and Amendment 1:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Title modified. b) Use with alternating voltages up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage. c) Clear focus on charge-based partial discharge measurements. d) Streamlined performance checks for partial discharge measurement system components. e) Improved normative Annex A for performance tests on calibrators. f) Revised and new informative Annexes. In a future revision, this document will seek horizontal publication status in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61554:2025 defines a system of dimensions for panel mounting of equipment. It is applicable to electrical and electrically operated indicating, recording and control instruments. The purpose of this document is to establish dimensional interchangeability between instruments made by different manufacturers.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60060-2:2025 is applicable to complete measuring systems and to their components, used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages and combined and composite voltages as specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests, see IEC 60060-3. The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this document apply to test levels stated in IEC 60071-1. The principles of this document apply also to higher levels but the uncertainty can be greater.
This document:
• defines the terms used;
• describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements;
• states the requirements that apply to measuring systems;
• describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components;
• describes the procedures by which the user demonstrates that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The general layout and text has been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use.
b) This document has been revised to align it with the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.
d) This document is now applicable to measuring systems used in testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1.
e) The measurement uncertainty requirement for the front time of the standard lighting impulse voltage has been changed from 10 % to 15 %, for testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1.
f) The parameter "time-to-peak" of the switching impulse defined in the third edition of IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by "front time" in the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. Necessary changes have been made in this document to accommodate this change in IEC 60060-1.
g) Clause 10, Measurement of combined voltages and Clause 11, Measurement of composite voltages have been added.
h) Clause B.1 has been significantly revised to align more closely with the provisions of Clause 5, including using the same nomenclature.
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63297:2025 provides a classification of NILM sensing devices for use in NILM systems, according to the state of the art of NILM technologies.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60060-1:2025 is applicable to:
- dielectric tests with direct voltage;
- dielectric tests with alternating voltage;
- dielectric tests with impulse voltage;
- dielectric tests with combinations of the above.
This document is applicable to tests on equipment having its highest voltage for equipment Um above 1,0 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- The general layout and text have been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use, particularly the clauses for combined and composite test voltages.
- The positive tolerance of the front time of lightning impulse voltage has been extended for Um > 800 kV to 100 % (= 2,4 µs).
- For switching impulse voltage, a front time has been introduced, similar to lightning impulse voltage and with the new front time the standard switching impulse is defined as 170/2 500 µs.
- The requirements for precipitations have been adjusted depending on Um.
- A new Annex C, "Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms" has been incorporated.
- No examples of software have been given in Annex D, "Guidance for implementing software for evaluation of lightning impulse voltage parameters".
- The annex relating to the "Background to the introduction of the test voltage factor for evaluation of impulses with overshoot" has been deleted.
- A new informative Annex F, "New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage" has been incorporated.
NOTE 1 Alternative test procedures can be required to obtain reproducible and significant results. The choice of a suitable test procedure is considered by the relevant Technical Committee.
NOTE 2 For voltages Um above 800 kV it is possible that some specified procedures, tolerances and uncertainties will not be achievable.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61326-2-6:2025 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (IVD MEE). This part of IEC 61326 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of IVD MEE in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances and to electromagnetic disturbances emitted by IVD MEE.
BASIC SAFETY with regard to electromagnetic disturbances is applicable to all IVD MEE.
NOTE 1 Performance with respect to electromagnetic disturbances other than ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is the subject of IEC 61326-1:2020
NOTE 2 IT equipment can be a part of an IVD MEE, if it is required to maintain BASIC SAFETY or ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Update of the document with respect to test levels and documentation.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61869-20:2025 This part of IEC 61869 specifies the requirements for the safe design and operation, and tests for the safety of instrument transformers whose highest voltage for equipment is higher than 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC.
Low power instrument transformers are not covered by this document.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61557-9:2023 specifies the requirements for the insulation fault location system (IFLS) that localizes insulation faults in any part of the system in unearthed IT AC systems and unearthed IT AC systems with galvanically connected DC circuits having nominal voltages up to 1 000 V AC, as well as in unearthed IT DC systems with voltages up to 1 500 V DC, independent of the measuring principle. IEC 61557-9:2023 cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) new terms and definitions on maximum admissible locating AC and DC currents and voltages;
b) the requirements on locating current and locating voltage have been revised;
c) performance requirements have been added;
d) the test requirements for locating current and locating voltage have been revised;
e) the structure of this document has been adapted to that of IEC 61557-1:2019;
f) the limit values under Clause A.2 were adapted to fit the changed test methods in 6.2.3.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60060-2:2025 is applicable to complete measuring systems and to their components, used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages and combined and composite voltages as specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests, see IEC 60060-3. The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this document apply to test levels stated in IEC 60071-1. The principles of this document apply also to higher levels but the uncertainty can be greater. This document: • defines the terms used; • describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements; • states the requirements that apply to measuring systems; • describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components; • describes the procedures by which the user demonstrates that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The general layout and text has been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use. b) This document has been revised to align it with the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded. d) This document is now applicable to measuring systems used in testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1. e) The measurement uncertainty requirement for the front time of the standard lighting impulse voltage has been changed from 10 % to 15 %, for testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1. f) The parameter "time-to-peak" of the switching impulse defined in the third edition of IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by "front time" in the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. Necessary changes have been made in this document to accommodate this change in IEC 60060-1. g) Clause 10, Measurement of combined voltages and Clause 11, Measurement of composite voltages have been added. h) Clause B.1 has been significantly revised to align more closely with the provisions of Clause 5, including using the same nomenclature.
- Standard91 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60060-1:2025 is applicable to: - dielectric tests with direct voltage; - dielectric tests with alternating voltage; - dielectric tests with impulse voltage; - dielectric tests with combinations of the above. This document is applicable to tests on equipment having its highest voltage for equipment Um above 1,0 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - The general layout and text have been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use, particularly the clauses for combined and composite test voltages. - The positive tolerance of the front time of lightning impulse voltage has been extended for Um > 800 kV to 100 % (= 2,4 µs). - For switching impulse voltage, a front time has been introduced, similar to lightning impulse voltage and with the new front time the standard switching impulse is defined as 170/2 500 µs. - The requirements for precipitations have been adjusted depending on Um. - A new Annex C, "Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms" has been incorporated. - No examples of software have been given in Annex D, "Guidance for implementing software for evaluation of lightning impulse voltage parameters". - The annex relating to the "Background to the introduction of the test voltage factor for evaluation of impulses with overshoot" has been deleted. - A new informative Annex F, "New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage" has been incorporated. NOTE 1 Alternative test procedures can be required to obtain reproducible and significant results. The choice of a suitable test procedure is considered by the relevant Technical Committee. NOTE 2 For voltages Um above 800 kV it is possible that some specified procedures, tolerances and uncertainties will not be achievable.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60270:2025 is applicable to the charge-based measurement of partial discharges which occur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltages (AC) up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage (DC).
This document:
– defines the terms used;
– defines the quantities to be measured;
– describes the measurement frequencies as well as the test and measuring circuits which may be used;
– defines analogue and digital measuring methods required for common applications;
– specifies methods for calibration and requirements of instruments used for calibration;
– gives guidance on test procedures;
– gives some assistance concerning the discrimination of partial discharges from external interference.
The provisions of this document are used in the drafting of specifications relating to partial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus. It deals with electrical measurements of impulsive (short-duration) partial discharges, but reference is also made to non-electrical methods primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). Diagnosis of the behaviour of specific power apparatus can be aided by digital processing of partial discharge data (see Annex E) and also by non-electrical methods that are primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F).
This document is primarily concerned with electrical measurement of partial discharge in terms of apparent charge for specific power apparatus made during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests are made with direct voltage are considered in Clause 11.
The terminology, definitions, basic test circuits and procedures often also apply to tests at other frequencies, but special test procedures and measuring system characteristics which are not considered in this document may be required. For measurements at higher frequency ranges, see IEC TS 62478.
Annex A provides normative requirements for performance tests on calibrators.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2000, and Amendment 1:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Title modified.
b) Use with alternating voltages up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage.
c) Clear focus on charge-based partial discharge measurements.
d) Streamlined performance checks for partial discharge measurement system components.
e) Improved normative Annex A for performance tests on calibrators.
f) Revised and new informative Annexes.
In a future revision, this document will seek horizontal publication status in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
- Standard145 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61869-20:2025 This part of IEC 61869 specifies the requirements for the safe design and operation, and tests for the safety of instrument transformers whose highest voltage for equipment is higher than 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC. Low power instrument transformers are not covered by this document.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61554:2025 defines a system of dimensions for panel mounting of equipment. It is applicable to electrical and electrically operated indicating, recording and control instruments. The purpose of this document is to establish dimensional interchangeability between instruments made by different manufacturers.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Identical adoption of future IEC/IEEE 63184 into EN IEC/IEEE 63184
- Standard151 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61788-27:2025 specifies a test method for the twist pitch measurement of Nb‑Ti/Cu and Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconductors by an untwisting method.
The test method is applicable to Nb‑Ti/Cu and Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconducting wires with monolithic structures, which have either a round cross section with a diameter ranging from 0,2 mm to 2 mm or a rectangular cross section that is equivalent in area to the round cross‑sectional wires. These wires possess a filament diameter ranging from 6 µm to 200 µm, a twist pitch between 5 mm and 50 mm, and a matrix of copper or copper alloy. This document uses nitric acid to remove the matrix (copper or copper alloy), so the surface of the composite superconducting wire can be plated with a material that is dissolvable by nitric acid.
Though uncertainty can increase, the method can apply to Nb‑Ti/Cu or Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconducting wires when the parameters of cross-sectional area, filament diameter and twist pitch are out of the limit.
The test method specified in this document is expected to apply to other types of composite superconducting wires after some appropriate modifications.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum4 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60060-2:2025 is applicable to complete measuring systems and to their components, used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages and combined and composite voltages as specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests, see IEC 60060-3. The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this document apply to test levels stated in IEC 60071-1. The principles of this document apply also to higher levels but the uncertainty can be greater.
This document:
• defines the terms used;
• describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements;
• states the requirements that apply to measuring systems;
• describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components;
• describes the procedures by which the user demonstrates that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The general layout and text has been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use.
b) This document has been revised to align it with the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.
d) This document is now applicable to measuring systems used in testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1.
e) The measurement uncertainty requirement for the front time of the standard lighting impulse voltage has been changed from 10 % to 15 %, for testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1.
f) The parameter "time-to-peak" of the switching impulse defined in the third edition of IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by "front time" in the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. Necessary changes have been made in this document to accommodate this change in IEC 60060-1.
g) Clause 10, Measurement of combined voltages and Clause 11, Measurement of composite voltages have been added.
h) Clause B.1 has been significantly revised to align more closely with the provisions of Clause 5, including using the same nomenclature.
- Standard174 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60060-1:2025 is applicable to:
- dielectric tests with direct voltage;
- dielectric tests with alternating voltage;
- dielectric tests with impulse voltage;
- dielectric tests with combinations of the above.
This document is applicable to tests on equipment having its highest voltage for equipment Um above 1,0 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- The general layout and text have been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use, particularly the clauses for combined and composite test voltages.
- The positive tolerance of the front time of lightning impulse voltage has been extended for Um > 800 kV to 100 % (= 2,4 µs).
- For switching impulse voltage, a front time has been introduced, similar to lightning impulse voltage and with the new front time the standard switching impulse is defined as 170/2 500 µs.
- The requirements for precipitations have been adjusted depending on Um.
- A new Annex C, "Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms" has been incorporated.
- No examples of software have been given in Annex D, "Guidance for implementing software for evaluation of lightning impulse voltage parameters".
- The annex relating to the "Background to the introduction of the test voltage factor for evaluation of impulses with overshoot" has been deleted.
- A new informative Annex F, "New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage" has been incorporated.
NOTE 1 Alternative test procedures can be required to obtain reproducible and significant results. The choice of a suitable test procedure is considered by the relevant Technical Committee.
NOTE 2 For voltages Um above 800 kV it is possible that some specified procedures, tolerances and uncertainties will not be achievable.
- Standard164 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61869-20:2025 This part of IEC 61869 specifies the requirements for the safe design and operation, and tests for the safety of instrument transformers whose highest voltage for equipment is higher than 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC.
Low power instrument transformers are not covered by this document.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM). This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume. There are two methods: - the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method; - the SCM-extraction method. This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Identical adoption of future IEC/IEEE 63184 into EN IEC/IEEE 63184
- Standard151 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Identical adoption of future IEC/IEEE 63195-1 into EN IEC/IEEE 63195-1.
- Standard146 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Identical adoption of future IEC/IEEE 63195-2 into EN IEC/IEEE 63195-2
- Standard78 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC/IEEE 63184:2025 specifies methods to assess human exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by stationary wireless power transfer (WPT) in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR), internal electric fields[1] or current density, and contact currents. The frequency range covered by this document is from 3 kHz to 30 MHz. This document focuses on exposures from inductive WPT systems and specifies:
general compliance assessment procedures; measurement methods; computational assessment methods and assessment combining measurement and computational methods.
This document does not consider the immunity of cardiac implantable electrical devices to radiated disturbances from WPT systems.
This first edition of IEC/IEEE 63184 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC PAS 63184 published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) lower frequency bound changed from 1 kHz to 3 kHz;
b) clarified contact currents as indirect effects in assessment procedures;
c) in measurement methods applied the formulas of SAR and internal electric field;
d) in computational assessment methods added specifications for averaging of current density and internal E-field;
e) updated uncertainty of computational methods;
f) introduced test reporting contents guidance.
- Standard300 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62841-2-8:2016 applies to hand-held shears and nibblers the rated voltage is not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 480 V for three-phase a.c. tools. The rated input is not more than 3 700 W. The limits for the applicability of this standard for battery tools are given in K.1 and L.1. This standard deals with the hazards presented by tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools. Hand-held electric tools, which can be mounted on a support or working stand for use as fixed tools without any alteration of the tool itself, are within the scope of this standard and such combination of a hand-held tool and a support is considered to be a transportable tool and thus covered by the relevant Part 3. The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests. It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication. Keywords: Shear, Nibbler, Hand-held tool, Transportable tool
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62974-1:2024 specifies product and performance requirements for devices that fall under the heading of "monitoring and measuring systems used for data collection, aggregation and analysis", for industrial, commercial, and similar use rated below or equal to 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
These devices are fixed and are intended to be used indoors as panel-mounted devices, or as modular devices fixed on a DIN rail, or as housing devices fixed on a DIN rail, or as devices fixed by other means inside a cabinet.
These devices are used to upload or download information (energy measured on loads, power metering and monitoring data, temperature information, etc.), mainly for energy efficiency purposes. These devices are known as energy servers (ESE), energy data loggers (EDL), data gateways (DGW) and I/O data concentrators (IODC) and are grouped together under the family name of Data Management Devices (DMD).
This document does not cover:
• devices used only in the consumer market (living quarters) or household;
• devices used in the smart metering infrastructure (e.g. smart meters);
• devices used in the smart grid infrastructure;
• devices used as IT servers in the information technology business;
• power metering and monitoring devices (PMD);
• I/O data concentrators already covered by a specific product standard;
• communication protocols and interoperability;
• power quality instruments (PQI);
• software used for the data collection and analysis of the power quality for the supply side.
IEC 62974-1:2024 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the performance criteria have been reviewed;
b) EMC and safety requirements have been improved;
c) mechanical requirements have been clarified and amended.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment6 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61557-16:2023 specifies the requirements applicable to the performance for test and measurement equipment in order to determine the effectiveness of the protective measures for electrical equipment and/or medical electrical equipment described in IEC 62353.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61557-1:2019.
IEC 61557-16:2023 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) splitting of uncertainty requirements for medical and non-medical electrical equipment in 4.2.1;
b) addition of a definition of ranges with defined uncertainty in 4.2.1 to 4.2.7;
c) addition of an optional measuring device (MD) for non-medical devices in 4.2.1;
d) addition of a limitation of the maximum intrinsic uncertainty for medical applications at leakage current in 4.2.1;
e) change of 4.2.3 from test sockets to sockets for service purposes;
f) addition of a warning in the operating instructions;
g) integration of former 6.3 into 6.2;
h) update of Table 1;
i) alignment of the structure with that of the whole IEC 61557 series.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61557-14:2023 defines special requirements for test and measurement equipment used to determine the electrical safety of electrical equipment of machinery in accordance with IEC 60204-1.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61557-1:2019.
IEC 61557-14:2023 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) clarifying the introduction;
b) replaced "dielectric strength" by "voltage test";
c) requirement for maximum output current has been added in 4.2.6.1;
d) tripping time at electrical switching activated by two-hand operation has been added in 4.2.6.1;
e) additional time limiting capability for the protection against electric shock for test persons and bystanders in 4.2.6.2;
f) updated references for safety testing;
g) alignment of the structure with that of the whole IEC 61557 series.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61557-13:2023 defines special performance requirements for hand-held and hand manipulated current clamps and sensors for measurement of leakage currents in electrical distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC taking into account the influence of high external low-frequency magnetic fields and other influencing quantities. See Annex A for examples of measurement applications.
This document does not apply to current clamps or sensors that are used in combination with devices for insulation fault location in accordance with IEC 61557-9, unless it is specified by the manufacturer.
IEC 61557-13:2023 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the term "fixing device" has been removed;
b) the measuring range was changed to a display range, the indication of DC or peak values has been added in 4.1;
c) the frequency for the test of sensitivity for low-frequency magnetic fields has been defined in 4.2;
d) the specified measuring range is now defined as the range of indicated values based on the operating uncertainty in 4.3;
e) alignment of the structure with that of the whole IEC 61557 series;
f) the variation E12 (maximum load current), may be specified according to the manufacturer’s specification.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60688:2024 applies to transducers (TRD) with electrical inputs and outputs for making measurements of AC or DC electrical quantities. The output signal can be in the form of an analogue or digital signal.
This document applies to measuring transducers used for converting electrical quantities such as:
– current,
– voltage,
– active power,
– reactive power,
– power factor,
– phase angle,
– frequency,
– harmonics or total harmonic distortion,
– apparent power, and
– DC power
to an output signal.
This document applies
a) if the fundamental frequency of the input(s) lies between 0 Hz and 1 500 Hz,
b) to the electrical measuring transducer if it is part of a system for the measurement of an electrical or non-electrical quantity,
c) to transducers for use in a variety of applications such as telemetry and process control and in one of a number of defined environments.
This document is not applicable for:
– instrument transformers that comply with IEC 61869 (all parts),
– transmitters for use in an industrial process application that comply with IEC 60770 (all parts),
– power metering and monitoring devices (PMD) that comply with IEC 61557-12,
– meters that comply with the IEC 62053 series,
– handheld sensors,
– residual current monitoring devices (RCMs) that comply with IEC 62020-1,
– residual current detecting devices (RDC-DD) that comply with IEC 62955,
– in-cable control and protection devices (IC-CPDs) that comply with IEC 62752,
– modular residual current devices (MRCDs) that comply with IEC 60947 2:2016/AMD1:2019, Annex M.
Within the measuring range, the output signal is a function of the measurand. An auxiliary supply can be required.
This document is intended:
– to specify the terminology and definitions relating to transducers whose main application is in industry,
– to unify the test methods used in evaluating transducer performance,
– to specify accuracy limits and output values for transducers.
IEC 60688:2024 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) updating normative references;
b) updating definitions;
c) updating structure;
d) adding DC power measurement.
- Standard130 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 61557 specifies the requirements for measuring equipment that combines several measuring functions or methods of testing, measuring or monitoring, that are in accordance with the respective parts of IEC 61557, into one piece of apparatus.
Measuring equipment which combines measuring functions or methods of testing, measuring or monitoring covered by the respective parts of IEC 61557 with those not covered by the respective parts of IEC 61557 is also within the scope of this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62052-31:2024 specifies general safety requirements and associated tests, with their appropriate conditions for type testing of directly connected, transformer-operated or transducer-operated AC and DC electricity meters and load control equipment. This document applies to electricity metering equipment designed to:
• measure and control electrical energy on electrical networks (mains) with voltage up to 1 000 V AC, or 1 500 V DC;
• have all functional elements, including add-on communication modules, enclosed in, or forming a single meter case with exception of indicating displays;
• operate with integrated displays (electromechanical or static meters);
• operate with detached indicating displays, or without an indicating display (static meters only);
• wall-mounted or to be installed in specified matching sockets or racks;
• optionally, provide additional functions other than those for measurement of electrical energy.
This document also applies to transducer-operated meters or meters designed for operation with Low Power Instrument Transformers (LPIT) or sensors (as defined in the IEC 61869 series).
When equipment in scope of this document is designed to be installed in a specified matching socket, then the requirements apply to, and the tests are performed on, equipment installed in its specified matching socket. However, requirements for sockets and inserting / removing the meters from the socket are outside the scope of this document.
This document is also applicable to auxiliary input and output circuits, operation indicators, and test outputs of equipment for electrical energy measurement.
Equipment used in conjunction with equipment for electrical energy measurement and control may need to comply with additional safety requirements. See also Clause 13.
This document does not apply to:
• meters rated to operate with voltage exceeding 1 000 V AC, or 1 500 V DC;
• metering systems comprising multiple devices physically remote from one another;
• portable meters;
• meters used in rolling stock, vehicles, ships and airplanes;
• laboratory and mobile meter test equipment;
• reference standard meters;
• conventional or low power instrument transformers;
• equipment with solid-state or other non-electromechanical supply and load control switches.
The safety requirements of this document are based on the following assumptions:
• metering equipment has been installed correctly;
• metering equipment is used generally by ordinary persons, including meter readers and consumers of electrical energy. In many cases, it is installed in a way that it is freely accessible. Its terminal covers cannot be removed, and its case cannot be opened without removing seals (if present) and using a tool;
• during normal use all terminal covers, covers and barriers providing protection against accessing hazardous live parts are in place;
• for installation, configuration, maintenance and repair it may be necessary to remove terminal cover(s), (a part of) the case or barriers so that hazardous live parts may become accessible. Such activities are performed by skilled persons, who have been suitably trained to be aware of working procedures necessary to ensure safety. Therefore, safety requirements covering these conditions are out of the Scope of this document.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Please see the foreword of IEC 62052-31 f
- Standard215 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62974-1:2024 specifies product and performance requirements for devices that fall under the heading of "monitoring and measuring systems used for data collection, aggregation and analysis", for industrial, commercial, and similar use rated below or equal to 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC. These devices are fixed and are intended to be used indoors as panel-mounted devices, or as modular devices fixed on a DIN rail, or as housing devices fixed on a DIN rail, or as devices fixed by other means inside a cabinet. These devices are used to upload or download information (energy measured on loads, power metering and monitoring data, temperature information, etc.), mainly for energy efficiency purposes. These devices are known as energy servers (ESE), energy data loggers (EDL), data gateways (DGW) and I/O data concentrators (IODC) and are grouped together under the family name of Data Management Devices (DMD). This document does not cover: • devices used only in the consumer market (living quarters) or household; • devices used in the smart metering infrastructure (e.g. smart meters); • devices used in the smart grid infrastructure; • devices used as IT servers in the information technology business; • power metering and monitoring devices (PMD); • I/O data concentrators already covered by a specific product standard; • communication protocols and interoperability; • power quality instruments (PQI); • software used for the data collection and analysis of the power quality for the supply side. IEC 62974-1:2024 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the performance criteria have been reviewed; b) EMC and safety requirements have been improved; c) mechanical requirements have been clarified and amended.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment6 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day