29.030 - Magnetic materials
ICS 29.030 Details
Magnetic materials
Magnetische Werkstoffe
Materiaux magnetiques
Magnetni materiali
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 29.030 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Magnetic materials". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 330 standards classified under ICS 29.030 (Magnetic materials). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function.
These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings.
The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations.
It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are to be agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable.
The classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see Clause 2).
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function.
These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings.
The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations.
It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are to be agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable.
The classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see Clause 2).
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IEC 60404-1:2016 is intended to classify commercially available magnetic materials. The term "magnetic materials" denotes substances where the application requires the existence of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally recognized existence of two main groups of products:
- soft magnetic materials (coercivity less than or equal to 1 000 A/m);
- hard magnetic materials (coercivity greater than 1 000 A/m). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Removal of all tables and values describing typical properties of the material to be consistent with the aim of the document to be a classification and not a specification.
b) Enlargement of the Ni content for the classes E1 and E3.
c) Enlargement of the Co content for the classes F3.
d) Addition of a new class: U5 bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets.
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IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
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IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM). This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume. There are two methods: - the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method; - the SCM-extraction method. This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
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IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
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This document defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. It specifies general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grouped into two classes according to their manufacturing process:
- hot-rolled grades;
- cold-rolled grades.
NOTE These materials correspond to EN 60404 1:2017, D.2.
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Establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function. These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings. The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations. It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable. The classification is used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see the standards in the IEC 60404-8 series in Clause 2).
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IEC 60269-2:2013 provides supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons and are generally designed to be used in installations where the fuse-links are accessible to, and may be replaced by, authorized persons only. Fuses for use by authorized persons according to the following fuse systems also comply with the requirements of the corresponding subclauses of IEC 60269-1, unless otherwise defined in this standard. This standard is divided into fuse systems, each dealing with a specific example of standardized fuses for use by authorized persons:
- Fuse system A: Fuses with fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system B: Fuses with striker fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system C: Fuse-rails (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system D: Fuse-bases for busbar mounting (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system E: Fuses with fuse-links for bolted connections (BS bolted fuse system),
- Fuse system F: Fuses with fuse-links having cylindrical contact caps (NF cylindrical fuse system),
- Fuse system G: Fuses with fuse-links with offset blade contacts (BS clip-in fuse system),
- Fuse system H: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD" and "gN" characteristic (class J and class time delay and non time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system I: gU fuse-links with wedge tightening contacts,
- Fuse system J: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD class CC" and "gN class CC" characteristics (class CC time delay and non-time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system K: gK fuse-links with blade for bolted connections - High fuse-link ratings from 1 250 A up to 4 800 A (master fuse-links). This fifth edition of IEC 60269-2 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1. fuse systems A and B: modified values for the power dissipation of NH aM fuse-links;
2. fuse systems A and B: introduction of dimension r for NH fuse-links;
3. addition of new fuse system K: gK fuse-links with contacts for bolted connections. Key Words: fuse systems A to K, requirements for fuses
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006.
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This European Standard is intended to define the test methods used for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel sheet and strip:
— edge wave (wave factor);
— residual curvature;
— edge camber;
— deviation from the shearing line due to internal stresses;
— burr height of cut edges.
This European Standard applies to electrical steel sheet and strip intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Clauses B2, C21 and C22 of IEC 60404-1:2000.
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This European Standard is intended to define the test methods used for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel sheet and strip:
— edge wave (wave factor);
— residual curvature;
— edge camber;
— deviation from the shearing line due to internal stresses;
— burr height of cut edges.
This European Standard applies to electrical steel sheet and strip intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Clauses B2, C21 and C22 of IEC 60404-1:2000.
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This document specifies a protocol for the application of semi-quantitative standardless wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRFS) commercial packages for the assessment of the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) contained in magnet scrap from end-of-life (EOL) products intended for recycling.
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This standard provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of application and matters needing attention for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor, effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability, frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This standard is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a controlled corrosive environment which can be utilized to produce relative corrosion resistance information for sintered permanent magnets.
5.2 Although prediction of performance in natural environments has seldom been statistically correlated with corrosion test results, sufficient empirical results are available to support the usefulness of this test in quantifying relative resistance to corrosion from moisture and heat.
5.3 The reproducibility of results in this test method is dependent on the type, size, and shape of specimens tested, and the control of the operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient replicates should be included to establish confidence limits. Replicates may be run simultaneously, in subsequent test runs, or in duplicate test chambers.
5.4 When multiple test chambers and operators are utilized, efforts shall be made to perform a suitable repeatability and reproducibility study for the equipment, operators, and test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment, procedures, and measurement of the resistance of permanent magnet alloys against corrosion in high temperature, high pressure water vapor environments. This test is also known as the Bulk Corrosion Test (BCT).
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard the SI units, when different from customary units, are shown in brackets, the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 60404-8-3:2023 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state in nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,64 mm, 0,65 mm and 0,79 mm. It gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technical characteristics as well as inspection procedures. The nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,64 mm and 0,79 mm apply to the grades for use at 60 Hz only.
This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state, i.e. without final heat treatment, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the fully-processed state.
These materials correspond respectively to classes B2 and C21 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
b) Insertion of Table 3 – Tolerances on nominal thickness;
c) Change of the length of the test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m;
d) Deletion of Annex A with the European numerical system of designation of steels.
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IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials.
For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions.
This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included;
c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
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IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials. For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions. This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included; b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included; c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials.
For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions.
This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included;
c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
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IEC 62044-3:2023 specifies measuring methods for power loss and amplitude permeability of magnetic cores forming the closed magnetic circuits intended for use at high excitation levels in inductors, chokes, transformers and similar devices for power electronics applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: addition of Annex F and Annex G.
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IEC 63300:2023 provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of application and matters of importance for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor, effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability, frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This document is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
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IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet.
The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
- the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
- the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
- the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
- the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
- the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
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IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1. This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet. The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
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IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet.
The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
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IEC 60404-3:2022 is available as IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A;
- Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled;
- Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only;
- Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades;
- Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-3:2022 is available as IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A; - Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled; - Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only; - Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades; - Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
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IEC 63299:2022 specifies classification rules for metallic magnetic powder cores used in inductive components fulfilling the requirements of the electronics industries. This document addresses the following objectives for magnetic powder cores suppliers and users:
- cross-reference between core materials from multiple suppliers;
- assistance to users in understanding the published technical data in catalogues when comparing multiple suppliers;
- guidance to users in selecting the most applicable core for each application;
- establishing uniform benchmarks for suppliers for performance in the new development of core material.
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IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A;
- Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled;
- Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only;
- Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades;
- Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for the measurement of the electrical resistivity of specimens of soft magnetic materials.
4.2 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test method are such that it is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality assurance, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of electrical resistivity of strip or bar specimens of soft magnetic alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets. Both barium and strontium ferrite materials are covered by this specification. Both isotropic (1 type) and anisotropic (12 types) are covered. A cross reference to both IEC and MMPA designations is provided. The magnetic property requirements for each type are defined as is the method of test. Other defined requirements include the workmanship. Typical physical properties are listed in the appendices.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ferrite permanent magnets.
1.2 Ferrite permanent magnets have residual induction Br from 0.2 T (2000 G) up to about 0.5 T (5000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength HcJ from 160 kA/m (2000 Oe) up to about 400 kA/m (5000 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for further details on ring test methods. However, when testing certain shapes as bars or when magnetic field strength in excess of 200 Oe [16 kA/m] is required, permeameters are the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties.
3.2 This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, research and development and design.
3.3 When the test specimen is fabricated from a larger sample and is in the same condition as the larger sample, it may not exhibit magnetic properties representative of the original sample. In such instances the test results, when viewed in context of past performance history, will be useful for judging the suitability of the material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength. This method has been historically referred to as the ballistic test method. For testing hard or permanent magnet materials, Test Method A977/A977M shall be used.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/m] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges.
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the magnetic flux density range from essentially zero to the saturation induction for most materials.
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1.2 Permeameters particularly well suited for general testing of soft magnetic materials are shown in boldface. Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters.
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340. Note that the term magnetic flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter
Note 1:
A1—Multirange ammeter (main current)
A2—Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current)
B—Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S3
F—Electronic Fluxmeter
H—Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S3
N1—Magnetizing coil
N2—Magnetic flux sensing (B) coil
N3—Magnetic field strength (H) sensing coil
R1—Main current control rheostat
R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat
S1—Reversing switch for magnetizing current
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat
S3—Fluxmeter selector switch
SP—Specimen
1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be p...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method can be used to evaluate batch type or continuous production of material for use in microwave applications. It may be used to determine the loss factors of microwave ferrites or help evaluate absorption materials for use in microwave ovens and other shielding applications.
3.2 The values obtained by use of this practice can be used as quality assurance information for process control, or both, when correlated to the chemistry or process for manufacturing the material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the complex dielectric constant of isotropic ferrites for extremely high-frequency applications.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The permeability determined by this method is the impedance permeability. Impedance permeability is the ratio of the peak value of flux density (Bmax) to the assumed peak magnetic field strength (Hz) without regard to phase. As compared to testing under sinusoidal flux (sinusoidal B) conditions, the permeabilities determined by this method are numerically lower since, for a given test signal frequency, the rate of flux change (dB/dt) is higher.
4.2 This test method is suitable for impedance permeability measurements at very low magnetic inductions at power frequencies (50 Hz to 60 Hz) to moderate inductions below the point of maximum permeability of the material (the knee of the magnetization curve) or until there is visible distortion of the current waveform. The lower limit is a function of sample area, secondary turns, and the sensitivity of the flux-reading voltmeter used. At higher inductions, measurements of flux-generated voltages that are appreciably distorted mean that the flux has appreciable harmonic frequency components. The upper limit is given by the availability of pure sinusoidal current, which is a function of the power source. In addition, a large ratio (≥10) of the total series resistance of the primary circuit to the primary coil impedance is required. With proper test apparatus, this test method is suitable for use at frequencies up to 1 MHz.
4.3 This test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality control, and research use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for determination of the impedance permeability (μz) of ferromagnetic materials under the condition of sinusoidal current (sinusoidal H) excitation. Test specimens in the form of laminated toroidal cores, tape-wound toroidal cores, and link-type laminated cores having uniform cross sections and closed flux paths (no air gaps) are used. The method is intended as a means for determining the magnetic performance of ferromagnetic strip having a thickness less than or equal to 0.025 in. [0.635 mm].
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with those applicable paragraphs in Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 60404-8-4:2022 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,35 mm, 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,65 mm and 1,00 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedure. The nominal thickness 0,47 mm applies to the grades for use at 60 Hz only. This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet supplied in the fully-processed state, i.e. the final annealed condition, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the semi-processed state. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
- insertion of Table 3 - Tolerances on nominal thickness;
- change of the length of test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m.
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IEC 63299:2022 specifies classification rules for metallic magnetic powder cores used in inductive components fulfilling the requirements of the electronics industries. This document addresses the following objectives for magnetic powder cores suppliers and users:
- cross-reference between core materials from multiple suppliers;
- assistance to users in understanding the published technical data in catalogues when comparing multiple suppliers;
- guidance to users in selecting the most applicable core for each application;
- establishing uniform benchmarks for suppliers for performance in the new development of core material.
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60Hz.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor.
NOTE 1 The accelerometer method [5] is also an established method for the measurement of magnetostriction.
However, it is more suited to the measurement of magnetostriction under an externally applied tensile or compressive stress, not zero stress, because it places a weight on the test specimen to prevent a deformation of the test specimen.
Since this document includes the measurement at zero stress, the optical sensor method is provided as the optimum method.
This document is applicable to the measurement of:
- the butterfly loop;
- the peak-to-peak value λp-p;
- the zero-to-peak value λ0-p.
The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency.
NOTE 2 Throughout this document the term “magnetic polarization” is used as described in IEC 60050-121-11-54.
In some standards of the 60404 series, the term “magnetic flux density” is used.
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IEC corrected version
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60Hz. This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor. NOTE 1 The accelerometer method [5] is also an established method for the measurement of magnetostriction. However, it is more suited to the measurement of magnetostriction under an externally applied tensile or compressive stress, not zero stress, because it places a weight on the test specimen to prevent a deformation of the test specimen. Since this document includes the measurement at zero stress, the optical sensor method is provided as the optimum method. This document is applicable to the measurement of: - the butterfly loop; - the peak-to-peak value λp-p; - the zero-to-peak value λ0-p. The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency. NOTE 2 Throughout this document the term “magnetic polarization” is used as described in IEC 60050-121-11-54. In some standards of the 60404 series, the term “magnetic flux density” is used.
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IEC 60404-17:2021 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor.
This document is applicable to the measurement of:
the butterfly loop;
the peak-to-peak value λp-p;
the zero-to-peak value λ0-p.
The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency.
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both surfaces.
The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet.
NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
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No scope available
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both surfaces. The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet. NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
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No scope available
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IEC 60404-13:2018 specifies the methods used for determining the resistivity, density and stacking factor of grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet. These quantities are necessary to establish the physical characteristics of the material. Moreover, the density is necessary to allow specified values of the magnetic polarization, resistivity and stacking factor to be determined. Since these properties are functions of temperature, the measurements will be made at an ambient temperature of (23 ±5) °C except when specified in this document. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the sequence of the density and resistivity sections is changed and the title of the document revised to reflect this;
the van-der-Pauw method (Method R2) is also applicable to Epstein strip specimens;
the gas pyknometer method is introduced, and the liquid immersion method and the calculation method based on the chemical composition are quoted;
the requirements of the stacking factor section, such as the tolerance of the dimensions of the test specimen and the repeatability of measurement, are changed;
an example of the apparatus for determination of the resistivity using a rectangular sheet, which was previously part of the main body of the text, is moved to constitute informative Annex A;
an example of the determination of the density by using the gas pyknometer method is added as an informative Annex B;
an example of the determination of density based on the calculation of silicon and aluminium contents is added as an informative Annex C.
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IEC 60404-11:2021 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both sides.
The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet.
NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Method B has been deleted and the measurement of individual currents through each contact button is enabled by Method A;
an improved arrangement of the test apparatus and the voltage stabilizing circuit for Method A, “Arrangement B”, is introduced.
an alternative layout using two pairs of contact assemblies in opposing position of the test specimen is introduced;
the restriction: “The same area of the test specimen shall not be used to test both sides.” has been deleted.
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