29.030 - Magnetic materials
ICS 29.030 Details
Magnetic materials
Magnetische Werkstoffe
Materiaux magnetiques
Magnetni materiali
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This document establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function.
These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings.
The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations.
It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are to be agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable.
The classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see Clause 2).
- Draft7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-1:2016 is intended to classify commercially available magnetic materials. The term "magnetic materials" denotes substances where the application requires the existence of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally recognized existence of two main groups of products:
- soft magnetic materials (coercivity less than or equal to 1 000 A/m);
- hard magnetic materials (coercivity greater than 1 000 A/m). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Removal of all tables and values describing typical properties of the material to be consistent with the aim of the document to be a classification and not a specification.
b) Enlargement of the Ni content for the classes E1 and E3.
c) Enlargement of the Co content for the classes F3.
d) Addition of a new class: U5 bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets.
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IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM). This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume. There are two methods: - the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method; - the SCM-extraction method. This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-18:2025 defines the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404‑8‑1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
- the SCM-vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method;
- the SCM-extraction method.
This document also specifies methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve obtained in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. It specifies general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grouped into two classes according to their manufacturing process:
- hot-rolled grades;
- cold-rolled grades.
NOTE These materials correspond to EN 60404 1:2017, D.2.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function. These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings. The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations. It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable. The classification is used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see the standards in the IEC 60404-8 series in Clause 2).
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IEC 60269-2:2013 provides supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons and are generally designed to be used in installations where the fuse-links are accessible to, and may be replaced by, authorized persons only. Fuses for use by authorized persons according to the following fuse systems also comply with the requirements of the corresponding subclauses of IEC 60269-1, unless otherwise defined in this standard. This standard is divided into fuse systems, each dealing with a specific example of standardized fuses for use by authorized persons:
- Fuse system A: Fuses with fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system B: Fuses with striker fuse-links with blade contacts (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system C: Fuse-rails (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system D: Fuse-bases for busbar mounting (NH fuse system),
- Fuse system E: Fuses with fuse-links for bolted connections (BS bolted fuse system),
- Fuse system F: Fuses with fuse-links having cylindrical contact caps (NF cylindrical fuse system),
- Fuse system G: Fuses with fuse-links with offset blade contacts (BS clip-in fuse system),
- Fuse system H: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD" and "gN" characteristic (class J and class time delay and non time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system I: gU fuse-links with wedge tightening contacts,
- Fuse system J: Fuses with fuse-links having "gD class CC" and "gN class CC" characteristics (class CC time delay and non-time delay fuse types),
- Fuse system K: gK fuse-links with blade for bolted connections - High fuse-link ratings from 1 250 A up to 4 800 A (master fuse-links). This fifth edition of IEC 60269-2 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1. fuse systems A and B: modified values for the power dissipation of NH aM fuse-links;
2. fuse systems A and B: introduction of dimension r for NH fuse-links;
3. addition of new fuse system K: gK fuse-links with contacts for bolted connections. Key Words: fuse systems A to K, requirements for fuses
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006.
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This European Standard is intended to define the test methods used for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel sheet and strip:
— edge wave (wave factor);
— residual curvature;
— edge camber;
— deviation from the shearing line due to internal stresses;
— burr height of cut edges.
This European Standard applies to electrical steel sheet and strip intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Clauses B2, C21 and C22 of IEC 60404-1:2000.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard is intended to define the test methods used for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel sheet and strip:
— edge wave (wave factor);
— residual curvature;
— edge camber;
— deviation from the shearing line due to internal stresses;
— burr height of cut edges.
This European Standard applies to electrical steel sheet and strip intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Clauses B2, C21 and C22 of IEC 60404-1:2000.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a protocol for the application of semi-quantitative standardless wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRFS) commercial packages for the assessment of the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) contained in magnet scrap from end-of-life (EOL) products intended for recycling.
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This standard provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of application and matters needing attention for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor, effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability, frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This standard is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
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IEC 60404-8-3:2023 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state in nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,64 mm, 0,65 mm and 0,79 mm. It gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technical characteristics as well as inspection procedures. The nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,64 mm and 0,79 mm apply to the grades for use at 60 Hz only.
This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state, i.e. without final heat treatment, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the fully-processed state.
These materials correspond respectively to classes B2 and C21 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
b) Insertion of Table 3 – Tolerances on nominal thickness;
c) Change of the length of the test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m;
d) Deletion of Annex A with the European numerical system of designation of steels.
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IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials.
For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions.
This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included;
c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
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IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials. For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions. This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included; b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included; c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-8-1:2023 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials.
For information purposes only, this document provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions.
This fourth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) recently developed anisotropic REFeB hot deformed magnets and anisotropic HDDR REFeB bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy Ca-La-Co ferrites stabilized by La and Co substitution are included;
c) new and high-performance grades of REFeB and RE2Co17 sintered magnets and isotropic REFeN bonded magnets are added.
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IEC 62044-3:2023 specifies measuring methods for power loss and amplitude permeability of magnetic cores forming the closed magnetic circuits intended for use at high excitation levels in inductors, chokes, transformers and similar devices for power electronics applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: addition of Annex F and Annex G.
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IEC 63300:2023 provides the test methods for the electrical and magnetic properties of magnetic powder cores used for inductive components in electronics equipment, switch-mode power supplies and power conversion equipment, and introduces measuring principles, scope of application and matters of importance for each method.
The parameters used to characterize the magnetic powder cores include: inductance factor, effective permeability, complex relative permeability, temperature coefficient of permeability, frequency coefficient of permeability, DC bias characteristic, power loss, and quality factor. This document is the basis for determining the characteristic parameters of magnetic powder cores.
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IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet.
The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
- the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
- the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
- the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
- the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
- the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1. This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet. The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-12:2023 is applicable to surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet classified in IEC 60404-1-1.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the tests for the assessment of the thermal endurance of surface insulation coatings on electrical steel strip and sheet.
The assessment is made by evaluating the change of a specified property of the surface insulation coating due to a heat treatment at a specified temperature up to 850 °C for a specified duration time up to 2 500 h. The specified property is measured at an ambient temperature of (23 ± 5) °C both without heat treatment and after heat treatment.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the method of test for adhesion has been modified to match to the method of bend test specified in ISO 1519 using a cylindrical mandrel of 32 mm in diameter instead of the 30 mm diameter mandrel specified in the first edition;
the method of test for interlaminar insulation resistance has been modified to match to the method specified in IEC 60404-11 and the modified Franklin test has been removed;
the method of test for compressibility has been modified to match to the method of test for stacking factor specified in IEC 60404-13;
the concept of "resistance grades" has been removed;
the clamping pressure to be used at temperature ratings above 500 °C has been reduced to (0,01 ± 0,001) N/mm2;
the testing for continuous exposure has been made a subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the procedure has been moved to an informative Annex A.
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IEC 60404-3:2022 is available as IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A;
- Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled;
- Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only;
- Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades;
- Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-3:2022 is available as IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A; - Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled; - Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only; - Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades; - Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63299:2022 specifies classification rules for metallic magnetic powder cores used in inductive components fulfilling the requirements of the electronics industries. This document addresses the following objectives for magnetic powder cores suppliers and users:
- cross-reference between core materials from multiple suppliers;
- assistance to users in understanding the published technical data in catalogues when comparing multiple suppliers;
- guidance to users in selecting the most applicable core for each application;
- establishing uniform benchmarks for suppliers for performance in the new development of core material.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A;
- Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled;
- Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only;
- Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades;
- Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
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IEC 60404-8-4:2022 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,35 mm, 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,65 mm and 1,00 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedure. The nominal thickness 0,47 mm applies to the grades for use at 60 Hz only. This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet supplied in the fully-processed state, i.e. the final annealed condition, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the semi-processed state. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
- insertion of Table 3 - Tolerances on nominal thickness;
- change of the length of test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m.
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IEC 63299:2022 specifies classification rules for metallic magnetic powder cores used in inductive components fulfilling the requirements of the electronics industries. This document addresses the following objectives for magnetic powder cores suppliers and users:
- cross-reference between core materials from multiple suppliers;
- assistance to users in understanding the published technical data in catalogues when comparing multiple suppliers;
- guidance to users in selecting the most applicable core for each application;
- establishing uniform benchmarks for suppliers for performance in the new development of core material.
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60Hz.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor.
NOTE 1 The accelerometer method [5] is also an established method for the measurement of magnetostriction.
However, it is more suited to the measurement of magnetostriction under an externally applied tensile or compressive stress, not zero stress, because it places a weight on the test specimen to prevent a deformation of the test specimen.
Since this document includes the measurement at zero stress, the optical sensor method is provided as the optimum method.
This document is applicable to the measurement of:
- the butterfly loop;
- the peak-to-peak value λp-p;
- the zero-to-peak value λ0-p.
The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency.
NOTE 2 Throughout this document the term “magnetic polarization” is used as described in IEC 60050-121-11-54.
In some standards of the 60404 series, the term “magnetic flux density” is used.
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IEC corrected version
- Corrigendum4 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60Hz. This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor. NOTE 1 The accelerometer method [5] is also an established method for the measurement of magnetostriction. However, it is more suited to the measurement of magnetostriction under an externally applied tensile or compressive stress, not zero stress, because it places a weight on the test specimen to prevent a deformation of the test specimen. Since this document includes the measurement at zero stress, the optical sensor method is provided as the optimum method. This document is applicable to the measurement of: - the butterfly loop; - the peak-to-peak value λp-p; - the zero-to-peak value λ0-p. The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency. NOTE 2 Throughout this document the term “magnetic polarization” is used as described in IEC 60050-121-11-54. In some standards of the 60404 series, the term “magnetic flux density” is used.
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IEC 60404-17:2021 is applicable to grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet specified in IEC 60404-8-7 for the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics under an applied AC magnetic field at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
This document defines the general principles and technical details of the measurement of magnetostriction characteristics of grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester and an optical sensor.
This document is applicable to the measurement of:
the butterfly loop;
the peak-to-peak value λp-p;
the zero-to-peak value λ0-p.
The magnetostriction characteristics are determined for a sinusoidal induced secondary voltage, for a specified peak value of the magnetic polarization and at a specified magnetizing frequency.
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No scope available
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This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both surfaces.
The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet.
NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60404 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both surfaces. The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet. NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
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No scope available
- Amendment5 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-13:2018 specifies the methods used for determining the resistivity, density and stacking factor of grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet. These quantities are necessary to establish the physical characteristics of the material. Moreover, the density is necessary to allow specified values of the magnetic polarization, resistivity and stacking factor to be determined. Since these properties are functions of temperature, the measurements will be made at an ambient temperature of (23 ±5) °C except when specified in this document. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the sequence of the density and resistivity sections is changed and the title of the document revised to reflect this;
the van-der-Pauw method (Method R2) is also applicable to Epstein strip specimens;
the gas pyknometer method is introduced, and the liquid immersion method and the calculation method based on the chemical composition are quoted;
the requirements of the stacking factor section, such as the tolerance of the dimensions of the test specimen and the repeatability of measurement, are changed;
an example of the apparatus for determination of the resistivity using a rectangular sheet, which was previously part of the main body of the text, is moved to constitute informative Annex A;
an example of the determination of the density by using the gas pyknometer method is added as an informative Annex B;
an example of the determination of density based on the calculation of silicon and aluminium contents is added as an informative Annex C.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-11:2021 is applicable to electrical steel strip and sheet insulated by coating on one or both sides.
The object of this document is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the surface insulation resistance of electrical steel strip and sheet.
NOTE This test is suitable for manufacturing and quality control in the application of insulation coatings.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Method B has been deleted and the measurement of individual currents through each contact button is enabled by Method A;
an improved arrangement of the test apparatus and the voltage stabilizing circuit for Method A, “Arrangement B”, is introduced.
an alternative layout using two pairs of contact assemblies in opposing position of the test specimen is introduced;
the restriction: “The same area of the test specimen shall not be used to test both sides.” has been deleted.
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IEC 60404-6:2018 specifies methods for the measurement of AC magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, other than electrical steels and soft ferrites, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 100 kHz. The materials covered by this part of IEC 60404 include those speciality alloys listed in IEC 60404-8-6, amorphous and nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials, pressed and sintered and metal injection moulded parts such as are listed in IEC 60404-8-9, cast parts and magnetically soft composite materials. The object of this part is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetically soft materials by means of ring methods. For materials supplied in powder form, a ring test specimen is formed by the appropriate pressing method for that material. The measurement of the DC magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials is made in accordance with the ring method of IEC 60404-4. The determinations of the magnetic characteristics of magnetically soft components are made in accordance with IEC 62044-3. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) adaption to modern measurement and evaluation methods, in particular the introduction of the widely spread digital sampling method for the acquisition and evaluation of the measured data;
b) limitation of the frequency range up to 100 kHz;
c) deletion of Clause 7 of the second edition that specified the measurement of magnetic properties using a digital impedance bridge;
d) addition of a new Clause 7 on the measurement of the specific total loss by the wattmeter method, including an example of the application of the digital sampling method;
e) addition of an informative annex on the technical details of the digital sampling technique for the determination of magnetic properties.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2018 have been included in this copy.
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NEW!IEC 60404-6:2018 is available as IEC 60404-6:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60404-6:2018 specifies methods for the measurement of AC magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, other than electrical steels and soft ferrites, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 100 kHz. The materials covered by this part of IEC 60404 include those speciality alloys listed in IEC 60404-8-6, amorphous and nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials, pressed and sintered and metal injection moulded parts such as are listed in IEC 60404-8-9, cast parts and magnetically soft composite materials. The object of this part is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetically soft materials by means of ring methods. For materials supplied in powder form, a ring test specimen is formed by the appropriate pressing method for that material. The measurement of the DC magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials is made in accordance with the ring method of IEC 60404-4. The determinations of the magnetic characteristics of magnetically soft components are made in accordance with IEC 62044-3. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) adaption to modern measurement and evaluation methods, in particular the introduction of the widely spread digital sampling method for the acquisition and evaluation of the measured data; b)limitation of the frequency range up to 100 kHz; c) deletion of Clause 7 of the second edition that specified the measurement of magnetic properties using a digital impedance bridge; d) addition of a new Clause 7 on the measurement of the specific total loss by the wattmeter method, including an example of the application of the digital sampling method; e) addition of an informative annex on the technical details of the digital sampling technique for the determination of magnetic properties.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TR 63304:2021(E) describes the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
– the SCM-Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) method;
– the SCM-Extraction method.
This document also describes methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve measured in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.
NOTE These SCM-methods can determine the magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials with coercivity higher than 2 MA/m. The methods of measurement in a closed magnetic circuit specified in IEC 60404-5 can lead to significant measurement error due to saturation effects in the pole pieces of yoke for the magnetic materials with coercivity higher than 1,6 MA/m (see IEC 60404-5).
- Technical report46 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60404-16:2018 is applicable to Fe-based amorphous strips specified in IEC 60404-8-11 for the measurement of AC magnetic properties at frequencies up to 400 Hz. The object of this part is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous strips by means of a single sheet tester.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60404-8-11:2018 defines the grades of Fe-based amorphous strip delivered in the semi‑processed state, i.e. without final heat treatment, of nominal thickness 0,025 mm. Other nominal thicknesses in the range from 0,020 mm to 0,030 mm can be specified by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures. This document applies to the rapidly-solidified Fe-based amorphous strip supplied in coils with as-cast edges and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. The grades are grouped into two classes: - conventional grades; - high permeability grades. They correspond to Class I1 of IEC 60404-1.
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IEC 60404-8-7:2020 defines the grades of cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,20 mm, 0,23 mm, 0,27 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures. This document applies to Goss textured grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet supplied in the final annealed condition in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. The grades are grouped into three classes:
- conventional grades;
- high permeability grades;
- magnetic domain refined high permeability grades.
They correspond to Class C22 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- insertion of a third class of grain-oriented electrical steels for magnetic domain refined high permeability grades;
- introduction of the single sheet tester (SST) method as reference measurement method for this third class of material together with a conversion factor for transposition of the SST measurement results to equivalent Epstein values;
- update of the electrical steel range to take account of the current offers and demands of grades.
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IEC 60404-8-5:2020(E) defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. In particular, it gives general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet intended for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grouped into two classes according to their manufacturing process:
- hot-rolled grades;
- cold-rolled grades.
They correspond to Class D21 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) extension of the range of products to include the improved grades;
b) division of "flatness" into "edge wave (wave factor)" and "residual curvature" in consistent with IEC 60404-9;
c) change length of test specimen for determinations of geometrical characters from 2 m to 1 m.
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