ISO/TC 298 - Rare earth

This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the moisture content in rare earth solid concentrate, rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides. The specified measurement ranges for moisture are shown in Table 1. This document is not applicable to: a) lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide; b) rare earth oxides containing lanthanum oxide or neodymium oxide, such as lanthanum-cerium oxide, praseodymium-neodymium oxide, etc. This document does not involve sampling. NOTE Since the lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide will react with water and carbon dioxide in the air, moisture cannot be accurately determined. However, this method can also be a guidance for the determination of the moisture in these materials.

This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) in solid rare earth oxides, carbonates and oxalates. This document is applicable to the determination of the LOI in the range from 0,10 % to 15,00 % in rare earth oxides, from 25,00 % to 80,00 % in rare earth carbonates, and from 35,00 % to 75,00 % in rare earth oxalates.

This document specifies ways in which rare earths can be traced as they move through the supply chain between the separated products to rare earth permanent magnets, or otherwise to be further processed. The documented traceability information is applicable to purchasers, suppliers, and users of rare earth permanent magnets to identify parties in the supply chain who have processed a given shipment of rare earth material, the location of that rare earth material as it passes between supply chain nodes. The documented traceability information is also applicable to supply chain actors and end users who use this information to check the validity of any claims made on the rare earth permanent magnets concerning sustainability, environmental impact, or recycled material content.

This document describes procedures for the determination of non-rare earth impurities in individual rare earth metals and their oxides through the use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) are included as non-rare earth impurity elements, and the measurement ranges for each impurity element are specified. The applicable measurement range (mass fraction %) of magnesium, aluminum, silicon and calcium is from 0,001 to 0,2, and that of iron is from 0,001 to 0,5. The verified measurement ranges in the interlaboratory tests are described later in this document.

This document specifies a protocol for the application of semi-quantitative standardless wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRFS) commercial packages for the assessment of the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) contained in magnet scrap from end-of-life (EOL) products intended for recycling.

This document specifies the classification, general requirements and acceptance conditions for recyclable neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) resources. This document is applicable to recyclable NdFeB resources from end-of-life (EOL) products and manufacture processes.

This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of rare earth content in 11 kinds of individual rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium and yttrium) and their compounds, such as oxides, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, chlorides and fluorides. The determination ranges for the rare earth content in mass fraction are as follows: — rare earth metal: 98,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction); — rare earth oxide: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,8 % (mass fraction); — rare earth oxalate: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,8 % (mass fraction); — rare earth fluoride: 75,0 % (mass fraction) to 90,0 % (mass fraction); — other compounds (i.e. rare earth hydroxide, rare earth chloride and rare earth carbonate): 40,0 % (mass fraction) to 70,0 % (mass fraction). It does not apply to individual rare earth metals and their compounds when: a) the matrixes of the sample are erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium; b) the content of thorium or lead in the sample is greater than 0,1 % in mass fraction.

This document specifies a titration method for the determination of rare earth content in 15 kinds of individual rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium) and their oxides. The determination ranges for the rare earth content in mass fraction are as follows: — rare earth metal: 98,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction); — rare earth oxide: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction). It does not apply to individual rare earth metals and their oxides when: a) the relative rare earth purity is less than 99,5 % in mass fraction; b) the total content of various (non-rare earth) metallic elements is greater than 0,5 % in mass fraction; c) the content of thorium, scandium or zinc is greater than 0,1 % in mass fraction.

This document specifies requirements for, and gives guidance on, the design and use of a traceability system in a rare earth supply chain. It specifies the information to be recorded by supply chain businesses for rare earth materials or products passing through the supply chain from mine to separated products.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the packaging and labelling of rare earth ores, concentrates, compounds, metals and alloys that are intended for sale or free distribution. It defines the performance and structure of packaging, and specifies the information to include on the labelling. These requirements and recommendations are designed to ensure quality assurance, enhance safety and prevent environmental pollution during the transportation and storage of rare earth products. This document is applicable to packaging and labelling during transactions between companies. It does not include packaging by companies during storage in their own plant. The method of labelling defined in this document enhances safety by indicating properties of rare earth products and ensures appropriate management of the product by indicating the identity of suppliers.

This document specifies methods of information exchange between waste handlers and recyclers for rare earth elements (REEs) contained in industrial waste and end-of-life (EOL) products. This document facilitates the efficient recycling of REEs so that dependency on mining can be reduced by promotion of REE recycling. This document also includes a generic life cycle of the REE recycling process.

This document provides measurement methods for quantifying rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial wastes and end-of-life products in solid, solid-liquid mixture or liquid forms. It provides an overview of sample preparation and measurement of REEs in industrial waste and end-of-life products. WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not address any safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices.

The document defines the terms for rare earth minerals, oxides and other compounds, as well as for related production processes. This document can be used as a reference to unify technical terms in rare earth production, application, inspection, circulation, trading, scientific research and education.

This document defines the terms for rare earth metals and their alloys, as well as for methods of preparation and purification. This document can be used as a reference to unify technical terms in rare earth production, application, inspection, circulation, trading, scientific research and education.

This document specifies the recycling information to be provided for rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial waste and end-of-life (EOL) products from manufacturers/producers to recyclers. It includes a classification system and forms for providing the recycling information.