ASTM A823-99(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A823 − 99 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
statically cast in permanent molds.
found in Terminology A644. A classification of graphite
structure is found in Test Method A247.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the same
4. Classification
casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical of separately cast test bars. The test bar shall be selected on the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
and are not considered standard. 9.2 and Table 1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as-cast state provided
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tomary and are a basis for classification.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
normalized. This is followed by an S or a C to designate a solid
or a cored casting, followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the
2. Referenced Documents
test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
2.1 ASTM Standards:
designations are as follows:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
Graphite in Iron Castings
Grade N-SB
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
Grade A-CC
terials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5. Ordering Information
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
2.3 Military Standard: following information:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
cation A, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White
Iron Castings. controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A823 – 99 (2019).
10.1.1).
DOI: 10.1520/A0823-99R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19.1.1).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A823 − 99 (2023)
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling
Tensile Strength, min, section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the
Grade BHN
A
ksi (MPa)
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-
Uncored—Annealed
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
Cored—Annealed
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
pours, after which, starting with the fourth pour, the bars can be
Uncored—Normalized
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
used for the tension test. A suitable design for a mold is shown
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
in Fig. 1.
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
9.4 By specific agreement between the manufacturer and the
Cored—Normalized
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229 tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section size.
indicated on the casting drawing or database equivalent.
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat-treated
castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
heat-treat lot(s), or by agreement be subjected to the same
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
thermal cycle that the castings undergo.
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Bar
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
10. Hardness Requirements
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conform to the requirements in Table 1.
A
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
specification (see Section 9).
is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting
purchaser.
drawing.
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance
with Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall be
6. Chemical Composition
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
at room temperature, defined as 50 to 95 °F (10 to 35 °C).
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
11. Dimensional Requirements
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
chemical composition requirements may be specified.
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no
7. Heat Treatment
drawings, to the dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as-cast
supplied by the purchaser.
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
12. Workmanship and Finish
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
8. Tensile Requirements
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
scribed in Table 1.
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
9. Cast Test Bars purchaser.
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
13. Number of Tests and Retests
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for 13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
reasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 2. test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in. shall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar
A823 − 99 (2023)
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
need be tested if the results conform to the property require- 14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B as shown in
ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec- Fig. 2 shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test bar.
tive or improper machining or obvious lack of continuity of
14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C as shown in Fig.
metal, it may be discarded and replaced by another specimen
2 shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test bar.
from another test bar from the same lot.
Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
13.2 If after testing a test specimen shows evidence of a from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
made on a specimen from the same lot. made by the manufacturer of the castings.
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the 14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
either retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
A valid tes
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