ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Statically Cast Chilled White Iron-Gray Iron Dual Metal Rolls for Pressure Vessel Use
Standard Specification for Statically Cast Chilled White Iron-Gray Iron Dual Metal Rolls for Pressure Vessel Use
ABSTRACT
This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure containing parts such as pressure vessels, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder, and for service at the specified temperatures. The melting procedure shall be optional with the foundry and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the chilled white iron exterior and gray iron interior. The chilled white iron exterior shall be made to the specified minimum hardness and the gray iron portion of the roll shall conform to the applicable class as determined by design requirements. The roll shall conform to the tensile strength requirement to be determined by tensile test and shall meet the required thickness. All surfaces shall be machined or ground, or both, prior to the rolls being placed into service.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [232 °C].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Sep-2022
- Technical Committee
- A04 - Iron Castings
- Drafting Committee
- A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2006
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-Jun-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Oct-1998
Overview
ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022): Standard Specification for Statically Cast Chilled White Iron-Gray Iron Dual Metal Rolls for Pressure Vessel Use establishes requirements for dual metal rolls used in pressure-containing applications. This standard covers rolls with an outer layer of chilled white iron and a core and journals made of gray cast iron, ensuring robust performance in environments where reliable pressure resistance and durability are essential.
The standard supports international alignment, adhering to recognized principles established by the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. The rolls specified by this standard are suitable for use in pressure vessels at service temperatures up to 450 °F (232 °C).
Key Topics
- Dual Metal Composition: Specifies statically cast rolls featuring a hardened (chilled white iron) outer surface for wear resistance and a gray iron interior for strength and machinability.
- Metallurgical Bonding: Mandates controlled casting methods to ensure a strong metallurgical bond between the two iron layers, vital for roll integrity under pressure.
- Hardness and Strength Requirements:
- The chilled white iron exterior must meet specified minimum hardness.
- The gray iron core and journals must conform to a class determined by design and tensile strength requirements.
- Test Methods and Inspection:
- Tensile testing protocols for the gray iron portion, drawing on referenced standards.
- Measurement of chilled white iron thickness at the roll face.
- Machining or grinding of all surfaces is required before the roll is used.
- Dimensional and Marking Requirements: All rolls must comply with dimensional specifications, with product marking identifying the manufacturer and iron class.
Applications
The ASTM A748/A748M standard is primarily applied in the pressure vessel industry, where the performance and safety of pressure-containing components are mission-critical. Typical applications include:
- Pressure Vessels: Rolls serve as integral parts of cylinders, drums, or other enclosures that must withstand internal pressure in industrial processing, chemical, and energy sectors.
- Equipment Operating at Elevated Temperatures: Suitable for use up to 450 °F (232 °C), these dual metal rolls facilitate prolonged service life and consistent performance under thermal stress.
- Enhanced Wear Resistance: Thanks to the chilled white iron exterior, rolls provide improved resistance to abrasion, making them ideal for environments with high mechanical wear.
By ensuring a durable bond between wear-resistant and strength-optimized materials, ASTM A748/A748M enables reliable fabrication of components where safety, durability, and regulatory compliance are paramount.
Related Standards
For comprehensive material selection and design, users frequently reference the following connected ASTM standards:
- ASTM A278/A278M: Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures up to 650 °F (350 °C); sets out classes of gray iron used in the core.
- ASTM A667/A667M: Specification for Centrifugally Cast Dual Metal (Gray and White Cast Iron) Cylinders; offers guidance on an alternative casting technique for similar applications.
These related documents provide a framework for specifying and verifying materials suitable for pressure vessel use, ensuring that all components meet demanding industry requirements.
Keywords: ASTM A748/A748M, dual metal rolls, chilled white iron, gray iron, pressure vessel, statically cast, standard specification, pressure-containing parts, hardness requirements, metallurgical bonding, industrial standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Statically Cast Chilled White Iron-Gray Iron Dual Metal Rolls for Pressure Vessel Use". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure containing parts such as pressure vessels, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder, and for service at the specified temperatures. The melting procedure shall be optional with the foundry and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the chilled white iron exterior and gray iron interior. The chilled white iron exterior shall be made to the specified minimum hardness and the gray iron portion of the roll shall conform to the applicable class as determined by design requirements. The roll shall conform to the tensile strength requirement to be determined by tensile test and shall meet the required thickness. All surfaces shall be machined or ground, or both, prior to the rolls being placed into service. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [232 °C]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure containing parts such as pressure vessels, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder, and for service at the specified temperatures. The melting procedure shall be optional with the foundry and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the chilled white iron exterior and gray iron interior. The chilled white iron exterior shall be made to the specified minimum hardness and the gray iron portion of the roll shall conform to the applicable class as determined by design requirements. The roll shall conform to the tensile strength requirement to be determined by tensile test and shall meet the required thickness. All surfaces shall be machined or ground, or both, prior to the rolls being placed into service. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of different chemical composition than the core and journals of the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [232 °C]. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM A278/A278M-01(2020), ASTM A667/A667M-87(2012), ASTM A278/A278M-01(2011), ASTM A667/A667M-87(2008), ASTM A278/A278M-01(2006), ASTM A667/A667M-87(2003), ASTM A278/A278M-01, ASTM A667/A667M-87(1998). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM A748/A748M-87(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A748/A748M −87 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Chilled White Iron-Gray Iron Dual Metal Rolls
for Pressure Vessel Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA748/A748M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A667/A667M Specification for Centrifugally Cast Dual
Metal (Gray and White Cast Iron) Cylinders
1.1 This specification covers statically cast dual metal rolls
with the outer layer of the roll body being chilled white iron of
3. Ordering Information
different chemical composition than the core and journals of
the roll which is gray cast iron. The castings are suitable for
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based
the following information:
on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The castings are
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [232 °C].
3.1.2 Dimensions of dual rolls,
3.1.3 Class of gray iron in the roll core (see 4.2),
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.4 Inspection requirements, if different (see 10.1),
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.5 Certification, if required (see 11.1), and
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.6 Special position of marking information, if required
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
(see 12.1).
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
3.2 Any additional requirements not covered in this speci-
fication are subject to agreement between the manufacturer and
1.3 The following safety hazards statement pertains only to
the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This purchaser.
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser 4. Materials and Manufacture
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
4.1 The melting procedure shall be optional with the
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
foundry.
regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 The chilled white iron exterior of the roll body shall be
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
made to a minimum hardness of 60 Scleroscope “C.” The gray
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
iron portion of the roll shall conform to the applicable class of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Specification A278/A278M, as determined by design require-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ments.ThescopeofthisspecificationshallincludeNos.20,25,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
30, 35, 150, 175, 200, and 250 of Specification A278/A278M.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3 The casting process shall be controlled to produce a
2. Referenced Documents
metallurgical bond between the chilled white iron exterior and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gray iron interior of the roll body.
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for
Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 °F
5. Test Requirements
(350 °C)
5.1 Tensile Requirements—Tensile bars removed from a
prolongation at one end of the roll journal, in accordance with
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Specification A278/A278M, shall have a tensile strength not
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings.
less than 80 % of that specified by the applicable class of
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
Specification A278/A278M.
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A748/A748M – 87
(2018). DOI: 10.1520/A0748_A0748M-87R22.
5.2 Thickness of Chilled White Iron:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.1 The thickness of the clear chilled white iron plus the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@
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