77.080.10 - Irons
ICS 77.080.10 Details
Irons
Eisen
Fontes
Železo
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.080.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Irons". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 154 standards classified under ICS 77.080.10 (Irons). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers malleable irons for castings made by the cupola process. The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as to produce materials that meet the mechanical property requirements. The tensile test methods for malleable iron are presented in details. At least three tensile test specimens shall be cast from a representative ladle of iron from each 4-h pour period during the purchaser's castings were poured. Only one test specimen need be tested to qualify each pour period and heat treatment batch provided the requirements of this specification are met by the test specimen. The microstructure of the malleable iron shall consist of temper carbon nodules uniformly distributed in a ferritic matrix and shall be free from excessive pearlite, massive carbides, and primary graphite. All castings, on visual examination shall be sound and free from obvious shrinkage and porosity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers malleable irons for castings made by the cupola process.
1.2 Without knowledge of casting geometry and process details, quantitative relationships cannot be stated between the properties of the iron in the various locations of a casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements and corresponding test methods for castings made of high-silicon molybdenum ferritic iron (SiMo). The requirements are prescribed for castings with microstructures of spheroidal graphite (SG) SiMo iron, compacted graphite (CG) SiMo iron, and mixed graphite or medium-nodularity graphite (MG) SiMo iron. MG iron microstructure is comprised of a mixture of spheroidal and compacted graphite shapes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings made of high-silicon molybdenum ferritic iron, commonly known as SiMo. This specification includes castings with microstructures of spheroidal graphite (SG) SiMo iron, compacted graphite (CG) SiMo iron, and mixed graphite or medium-nodularity graphite (MG) SiMo iron. MG iron microstructure comprises a mixture of spheroidal and compacted graphite shapes. This standard specifies the condition, chemical composition, microstructure, and other technical requirements of three grades of ferritic cast irons, specified as SG SiMo, MG SiMo, and CG SiMo.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of iron in the various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. All chemical compositions are in mass percentage. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Qualitative measurement of “nodularity” and “nodule count” using visual estimations has been practiced for many years. These methods suffer from poor reproducibility and repeatability. The introduction of computer-aided image analysis enables metallographers to measure and count individual particles of interest in a microstructure with a high degree of precision. This greatly reduces measurement variations compared to visual estimation methods (see, for example, Test Method A247).
5.2 This method defines a procedure for measuring the number of nodules and the quality of nodularity of spherulitic graphite in a cast iron microstructure. The specimen’s location in a casting or cast test specimen, and the orientation of the plane-of-polish, are governed by product standards. When a product standard is not defined, choose the test location randomly or at specific systematically chosen depths as needed. The plane-of-polish may be parallel or perpendicular to the solidification direction, or chosen at random, depending upon the needs of the study.
5.3 This test method may be used to determine variations within a given test specimen, within a given location in a casting, between different locations in a casting, or for the same location in different castings over time. Results from this test method may be used to qualify material for shipment in accordance with guidelines agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer or can be used to monitor process quality or product variations.
5.4 Measurements are performed using a computer-controlled automatic image analysis system.
5.5 A minimum number of specimens and a minimum surface area to be evaluated may be defined by producer-purchaser agreement, provided at least 500 particles meeting the minimum size requirements are measured. The number of particles analyzed shall be indicated in the final analysis report (see 9.6).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the percent nodularity and the nodule count per unit area (that is, number of nodules per mm2) using a light microscopical image of graphite in nodular cast iron. Images generated by other devices, such as a scanning electron microscope, are not specifically addressed, but can be utilized if the system is calibrated in both x and y directions.
1.2 Measurement of secondary or temper carbon in other types of cast iron, for example, malleable cast iron or in graphitic tool steels, is not specifically included in this standard because of the different graphite shapes and sizes inherent to such grades
1.3 This standard deals only with the recommended test method and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness for purpose of the material tested.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides information about cast iron materials so that users and designers are in a better position to understand cast iron as a design material in its own right and to correctly specify cast iron for suitable applications. This document suggests what can be achieved, and what is not achievable when cast irons are specified as well as the reasons why. It is not designed to be a textbook of cast iron metallurgy. It is intended to help people to choose the correct material for the right reasons and to also help to obviate the specification or expectation of unrealistic additional requirements, which are unlikely to be met and which can be detrimental to the intended application.
- Technical report62 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with compacted graphite iron castings. These materials shall be examined metallographically for the acceptance graphite formation. The acceptable graphite formation in the microstructure of the test coupon or casting lug shall contain 80% minimum Type IV graphite. The iron shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Test bars and test coupons shall be cast in dried, baked, or chemically bonded molds consisting of an aggregate of silica sand with appropriate bonders and shall be subjected to the same thermal treatment as the castings they represent.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings made of compacted graphite iron, which is described as cast iron with the graphite in compacted (vermiform) shapes and essentially free of flake graphite in the bulk of the casting.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of iron in the various locations of the same casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in Figs. 1-3 are standard. SI units are added for information only.
Note 1: The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).
FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel Block
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-cobalt high magnetic saturation alloys, UNS R30005 (49 % Co, 49% Fe, 2%V) and UNS K92650 (27 % Co, balance Fe), for use in magnetic components. The specification covers alloy supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar, hot rolled plate, cold-finished bar, and cold rolled strip. It does not cover alloy produced either by casting or by powder metallurgical techniques. The material shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in this specification. Magnetic property requirements and dimensional tolerances are listed. Appendices giving useful information on the heat treatment of these alloys and typical physical properties are included.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two wrought iron-cobalt alloy types for use in magnetic components requiring high permeability at and above 1.5 T (15 kG) or high saturation flux density. The specific alloy types covered are:
Alloy Type
UNS
Nominal Composition
1
R30005
49 % Co, 49 % Fe, 2 % V
2
K92650
27 % Co, 0.50 % Cr, balance Fe
1.1.1 This specification also covers material supplied by a producer in the form and physical condition suitable for fabrication into parts that will later be given final heat treatment to achieve the desired magnetic characteristics and, where required, mechanical properties. It covers material supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled products (that is, bar, plate, and strip), cold-finished bars, and cold-rolled strip.
1.2 This specification does not cover parts produced by casting or by powder metallurgical techniques.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “, or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the property requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. The two alloys covered here are UNS K94630 that contains nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, and UNS K94620 that contains nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron. When tested, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, tensile strength, hardness, inclusion content, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No. K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties determined on machined test pieces prepared from: - separately cast samples, side-by-side cast or cast-on samples; - samples cut from a casting. This document also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1 Scope This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings that have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by any of the following: a) the tensile strength of cast samples; b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting; c) if agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the hardness of the material determined on castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of tensile strength from option a) or option b) and plus hardness from option c) can be specified. Information on specifying a combination of tensile strength and hardness is given in Annex B. This document specifies eight grades of grey cast iron according to tensile strength (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron according to Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and pipe fittings and continuous cast products. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. NOTE General information on the engineering properties of grey cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic gray iron castings that are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear. The types of castings covered here are: Type 1, Type 1b, Type 2, Type 2b, Type 3, Type 4, Type 5, and Type 6. The materials shall be manufactured by melting in any furnace that produces castings which includes cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces, crucible furnaces, and so forth. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, copper, chromium, sulfur, and molybdenum. The materials shall undergo a nonmagnetic test which is based on the material's attraction to a small steel horseshoe-type magnet and a magnetic permeability test in the event that nonmagnetic castings are specified. Tension tests shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required tensile strength and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic gray iron castings that are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear. Austenitic gray iron is characterized by uniformly distributed graphite flakes, some carbides, and the presence of sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines grades and the corresponding requirements for malleable cast irons.
This document specifies five grades of whiteheart malleable cast iron and nine grades of blackheart malleable cast iron, based on mechanical properties measured on cast samples (which are test pieces).
This document specifies Brinell hardness values determined only when these values are requested by the purchaser.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for malleable cast iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4].
This document does not cover chemical composition, except phosphorus (see Clause 6).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis. The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application. The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard33 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method for evaluating nodularity in spheroidal graphite cast irons by comparative visual analysis and image analysis techniques. This document provides figures for different levels of nodularity and graphite particle count of spheroidal graphite cast irons for visual analysis.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method may be used for production quality control or specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of ferrous oxide (FeO) by oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe++) in an acid solution to the ferric state (Fe+++) and titration with potassium dichromate using diphenylamine as the indicator.
1.2 This test method is applicable to synthetic black iron oxide, natural black iron oxide, magnetite or brown iron oxide where part of the iron content is present in the ferrous state (Note 1). It is applicable to iron oxides where the ferrous iron content ranges from 50 to 0.20 %.
Note 1: Natural iron oxides and magnetite may contain traces of metallic iron that will be combined with and analyzed as FeO.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns if any, problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies 2 groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4]).
This European Standard does not cover:
- ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 1564 [7];
- low alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 16124 [8];
- continuous cast iron bars which are specified in EN 16482 [7];
- austenitic cast irons which are specified in EN 13835 [8];
- spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and their joints which are the subject of EN 545 [11], EN 598 [12] and EN 969 [13];
- the grades of spheroidal graphite cast irons as specified in EN 545 which are used for products such as industrial valves, non-industrial manually operated shut-off valves and flanges and their joints, which are the subject of the applicable European product standards.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies 2 groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4]).
This European Standard does not cover:
- ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 1564 [7];
- low alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 16124 [8];
- continuous cast iron bars which are specified in EN 16482 [7];
- austenitic cast irons which are specified in EN 13835 [8];
- spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and their joints which are the subject of EN 545 [11], EN 598 [12] and EN 969 [13];
- the grades of spheroidal graphite cast irons as specified in EN 545 which are used for products such as industrial valves, non-industrial manually operated shut-off valves and flanges and their joints, which are the subject of the applicable European product standards.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies two groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades. This document also gives an informative classification as a function of hardness. This document does not apply to the following: - spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and accessories which are specified in accordance with ISO 2531 and ISO 7186; - highly alloyed (austenitic) spheroidal cast irons which are specified in accordance with ISO 2892; - ausferritic cast irons which are specified in accordance with ISO 17804.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 16112:2016 specifies five grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. ISO 16112:2016 specifies five grades based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from - separately cast samples, - side-by-side cast samples, - cast-on samples, or - samples cut from a casting.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO/TS 10719:2016 specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of non-combined carbon content in cast irons. The method is applicable to non-combined carbon contents between 1,0 % (mass fraction) and 3,0 % (mass fraction). Elements ordinarily present do not interfere. However, some alloyed cast irons, when extensively heat treated, contain carbides that are not soluble when using this method and may give high values for non-combined carbon.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO/TR 945-3:2016 gives the designations, descriptions and reference micrographs of the matrix structures of cast irons. It applies to the following types of cast irons: - grey cast irons (Table 4.1); - spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.2); - austenitic cast irons (Table 4.3); - malleable cast irons (Table 4.4); - compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons (Table 4.5); - ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.6); - abrasion-resistant cast irons (Table 4.7). Each matrix structure is defined with explanations and micrographs. Unless otherwise stated in Clause 4, the micrographs shown correspond to samples etched with a solution of 2 % nitric acid in ethanol (Nital).
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 16078:2013 gives the classification and designation of casting imperfections. It mainly applies to iron castings produced in sand moulds. It can, however, also be applied for other cast materials and other casting techniques. In order to avoid any confusion, the types of imperfection are defined with explanations and illustrations where necessary.
- Technical report100 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the grades and corresponding requirements for austenitic cast irons. These requirements are specified in terms of:
graphite form and metal structure: either flake or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix;
chemical composition: as given for each of the grades;
mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559-1 [1] and
EN 1559-3 [2].
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for low-alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons for elevated temperature applications.
These requirements are specified in terms of
chemical composition: as given for each of the grades,
graphite form and metal structure: spheroidal graphite in a predominantly ferritic matrix,
mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559 1 [1] and EN 1559 3 [2].
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the grades and corresponding requirements for austenitic cast irons. These requirements are specified in terms of:
graphite form and metal structure: either flake or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix;
chemical composition: as given for each of the grades;
mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559-1 [1] and
EN 1559-3 [2].
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of Al, Ti and P contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Al content between 0,2 and 2 %;
- Ti content between 0,02 and 0,25 %;
- P content between 0,005 and 0,05 %.
This Technical Report also describes the general requirements for analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the preparation and dissolution of the test sample and the method of calculation of the results.
The procedure is valid for the analytical lines given in Table 1. This table also gives, for each line, the spectral interferences, which must be accurately corrected.
NOTE The interferences extend as well as other possible interferences depend on the temperature in the plasma and on the optical resolution of the spectrometer used.
Table 1 - Spectral lines suggested together with the interferences which shall be corrected
Element Wavelength (nm) Interferences
Al 308,22 V
Ti 337,28 V, Ni
P 178,29 Mo
- Technical report29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric method for the determination of Si and Al contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Si content between 40 and 90 %;
- Al content between 0,5 and 6 %.
The Technical Report specifies the general requirements for analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the preparation of the test sample.
The correction of the spectrometric measurement from spectral interferences on the analytical lines used is essential. This Technical Report is valid for the analytical lines:
- Si Kα 7.126 (for element contents between 45 and 90 %);
- Al Kα 8.339 (for element contents between 0,8 and 6 %);
- Fe Kα 1.937 (for element contents between 10 and 58 %).
NOTE For matrix matching purposes, iron is included in the analytical program to be prepared.
Within the conditions here above, spectral interferences don’t need to be calculated.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of Al, Ti and P contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Al content between 0,2 and 2 %;
- Ti content between 0,02 and 0,25 %;
- P content between 0,005 and 0,05 %.
This Technical Report also describes the general requirements for analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the preparation and dissolution of the test sample and the method of calculation of the results.
The procedure is valid for the analytical lines given in Table 1. This table also gives, for each line, the spectral interferences, which must be accurately corrected.
NOTE The interferences extend as well as other possible interferences depend on the temperature in the plasma and on the optical resolution of the spectrometer used.
Table 1 - Spectral lines suggested together with the interferences which shall be corrected
Element Wavelength (nm) Interferences
Al 308,22 V
Ti 337,28 V, Ni
P 178,29 Mo
- Technical report29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This European Standard also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559-1 [4] and EN 1559-3 [5].
NOTE Grades given in Annex A are not intended for pressure equipment applications.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric method for the determination of Si and Al contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Si content between 40 and 90 %;
- Al content between 0,5 and 6 %.
The Technical Report specifies the general requirements for analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the preparation of the test sample.
The correction of the spectrometric measurement from spectral interferences on the analytical lines used is essential. This Technical Report is valid for the analytical lines:
- Si Kα 7.126 (for element contents between 45 and 90 %);
- Al Kα 8.339 (for element contents between 0,8 and 6 %);
- Fe Kα 1.937 (for element contents between 10 and 58 %).
NOTE For matrix matching purposes, iron is included in the analytical program to be prepared.
Within the conditions here above, spectral interferences don’t need to be calculated.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard establishes a material designation system either by symbols or by numbers for cast iron.
The designation system by symbols is applicable to:
a) standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1);
b) non-standardized cast iron materials (see 2.2).
The designation system by numbers is only applicable to standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1).
NOTE The use of a designation system by symbols does not necessarily imply that the material is standardized.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard establishes a material designation system either by symbols or by numbers for cast iron.
The designation system by symbols is applicable to:
a) standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1);
b) non-standardized cast iron materials (see 2.2).
The designation system by numbers is only applicable to standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1).
NOTE The use of a designation system by symbols does not necessarily imply that the material is standardized.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the grades of abrasion resistant white cast irons. It specifies the grades in terms of:
- chemical composition;
- hardness.
The types of abrasion resistant white cast irons covered by this standard are:
a) unalloyed or low alloy cast irons;
b) nickel-chromium cast irons covering two general types:
- 4 % Ni 2 % Cr cast irons;
- 9 % Cr 5 % Ni cast irons;
c) high chromium cast irons covering four ranges of chromium content:
- 11 % < Cr - 14 % < Cr - 18 % < Cr - 23 % < Cr This European Standard does not define the abrasion resistant grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are subject of EN 1564.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the grades of abrasion resistant white cast irons. It specifies the grades in terms of:
- chemical composition;
- hardness.
The types of abrasion resistant white cast irons covered by this standard are:
a) unalloyed or low alloy cast irons;
b) nickel-chromium cast irons covering two general types:
- 4 % Ni 2 % Cr cast irons;
- 9 % Cr 5 % Ni cast irons;
c) high chromium cast irons covering four ranges of chromium content:
- 11 % < Cr - 14 % < Cr - 18 % < Cr - 23 % < Cr This European Standard does not define the abrasion resistant grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are subject of EN 1564.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The purpose of ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 is to assist the design engineer to understand and to acquire knowledge of how the family of cast iron materials can be welded and to utilize this technology to its full advantage in selecting the most appropriate technique for a particular cast iron. Because the application of welding technology and the metallurgical implications of welding are not scientific disciplines normally taught to engineering students, such users often have limited knowledge of the fundamentals underpinning welding technology for cast irons. ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 explains what can be achieved, what cannot be achieved and why. It is not designed to be a textbook of welding technology. It helps users to select the most appropriate welding process and conditions for a specific application. ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 covers production (including finishing and joint welding) and repair welding.
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- Technical report53 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO/TR 945-2:2011 deals with the two-dimensional characterisation of graphite form and size in cast irons. A standard method for determining graphite form by image analysis had not been developed at the time of this report, but several methods are in use in the industry. The purpose of ISO/TR 945-2 is to give an illustration of what is possible and to suggest ways in which the technique might develop in the future. ISO/TR 945-2:2011 does not apply to the graphite distribution of grey (lamellar graphite) cast iron as defined in ISO 945-1. ISO/TR 945-2:2011 describes procedures used to carry out image analysis of graphite form and size and provides a method of comparison to the results obtained using visual analysis techniques. It does not specify any particular mathematical description of the graphite forms but provides a means for comparison.
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This European Standard specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear-resistant service. The grades
covered by this European Standard will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of
the casting is subject to impact.
This European Standard retains the same format for clauses as EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-2. It shall be used in
conjunction with these standards. Where no text is given under a clause heading, the corresponding clause
of EN 1559-1 or EN 1559-2 applies.
The structure of this standard is as follows:
a) clauses and subclauses preceded by Ø indicates no additional conditions to Part 1 or Part 2 1 )
of EN 1559;
b) subclauses without any marking are mandatory.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18594:2007 specifies the procedure and the experimental set-up for determining the transition resistance of a single sheet or two overlapping sheets of aluminium or steel, with or without surface treatment, and with or without surface coating.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2892:2007 specifies the grades of austenitic cast irons in terms of graphite form and matrix structure: either flake (lamellar) or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix, chemical composition: as given for each of the grades, and mechanical properties obtained from separately cast samples.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 21988:2006 defines the grades of abrasion-resistant white cast irons. It specifies the grades in terms of chemical composition and hardness. The types of abrasion-resistant white cast irons covered are unalloyed or low alloy cast irons, nickel-chromium cast irons and high chromium cast irons.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 5922:2005 specifies requirements for two types of malleable cast iron, namely whiteheart malleable cast iron and blackheart malleable cast iron, used in the manufacture of castings. Classification is given for each type of malleable cast iron on the basis of mechanical properties determined on separately cast test pieces. ISO 5922:2005 is applicable only to malleable cast iron cast into sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal diffusivity.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off