77.080.20 - Steels
ICS 77.080.20 Details
Steels
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This document specifies procedures for the rating and statistical analysis of non-metallic inclusions (referred to as inclusions hereafter) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), a backscattered detector (BSD) and automatic image analysis capabilities.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel.
The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the hardenability of steel by end quenching (Jominy test) by using a test piece 25 mm in diameter and at least 100 mm long.
By agreement and for a defined field of application, the test described in this document can be replaced by the calculation of the Jominy curve according to an accepted mathematical model.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies micrographic methods of determining apparent ferritic or austenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grain boundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal size distribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographic sectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, to the maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grain sizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistent grain size.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel.
The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel. The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. These highly resistant nitrides have been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0,000 5 % (by mass) to 0,005 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document applies to types of joint preparation for submerged arc welding with one wire electrode (process 121 according to ISO 4063) on steel.
This document covers only the welding positions PA and PB according to ISO 6947. If PC is used, special preparation is necessary.
This document applies to fully penetrated welds. For partly penetrated welds, types of joint preparation, shapes and dimensions can differ from the listed proposals if they are specified in the relevant application standard or agreed by the parties concerned.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document presents a list of common practices in preparation methods of metallographic specimens for optical and scanning electron microscopy, including preliminary preparation, grinding and polishing of specimens as well as microstructure revelation methods covering the optical method, etching methods (chemical, electrolytic, constant potential, ion sputtering and high temperature relieving) and the interface layer method [1][2].
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms relating to methods of the determination of the chemical composition of steel and steel products.
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the vanadium content in steel.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,01 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction), provided that the tungsten content in a 1,0 g test portion is not higher than 1,0 % and/or the titanium content is not higher than 0,5 %.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to carbon, carbon manganese, molybdenum and chromium molybdenum steels within the tensile strength range 300 N/mm2 to 700 N/mm2 and in the hot-rolled, hot-rolled and normalized or annealed conditions, with or without tempering.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds or where the width to thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to austenitic stainless steels within the tensile strength range 450 to 750 N/mm2 and in the solution treated condition.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) non-austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds 25√S0 or where the width to thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for the verification of models for the determination of the property data of steels and the validation of the modelling process. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data), or a combination of these methods.
This document applies only for providing the properties of rolled and/or heat-treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections and bars.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, measured by conventional testing.
Any self-learning system is excluded from the scope.
NOTE A self-learning, in the spirit of an auto-adaptive model, is a model which changes its internal parameters by itself.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for the verification of models for the determination of the property data of steels and the validation of the modelling process. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data), or a combination of these methods.
This document applies only for providing the properties of rolled and/or heat-treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections and bars.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, measured by conventional testing.
Any self-learning system is excluded from the scope.
NOTE A self-learning, in the spirit of an auto-adaptive model, is a model which changes its internal parameters by itself.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel. The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons. NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of calcium content in non-alloy and low alloy steels.
The method is applicable to calcium contents between 4 µg/g and 120 µg/g.
The method can be adapted to higher calcium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 are still met.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of the chromium content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % (m/m) and 27,0 % (m/m) in alloyed steels.
The method doesn't apply to alloyed steels having carbon contents higher than 1 % and niobium and/or tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of lead content in non-alloy and low alloy steels.
The method is applicable to lead contents between 0,005 % (weight percent) and 0,5 % (weight percent).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher lead contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 are still met.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of the chromium content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % (m/m) and 27,0 % (m/m) in alloyed steels.
The method doesn't apply to alloyed steels having carbon contents higher than 1 % and niobium and/or tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel.
The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and 0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels.
The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher than 0,6 %.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document applies to wrought steel enclosures and their welding. These enclosures are pressurized with dry air, inert gases, for example sulphur hexafluoride or nitrogen or a mixture of such gases, used in indoor and outdoor installations of high-voltage switchgear and controlgear with rated voltages above 1kV, where the gas is used principally for its dielectric and/or arc-quenching properties with rated voltages:
- above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV concerning gas-filled compartments with design pressure higher than 300 kPa relative pressure (gauge);
- above 52 kV concerning all gas-filled compartments.
The enclosures comprise parts of electrical equipment not necessarily limited to the following examples:
- circuit-breakers;
- switch-disconnectors;
- disconnectors;
- earthing switches;
- current transformers;
- voltage transformers;
- surge arrestors;
- busbars and connections;
- etc.
The scope also covers enclosures of pressurized components such as the centre chamber of live tank switchgear, gas-insulated current transformers, etc.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel.
The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and 0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels.
The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher than 0,6 %.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies guidelines and requirements for conducting life cycle inventory (LCI) studies of steel products reflecting steel's capacity for closed-loop recycling, including: a) specification of the functional unit used for LCI calculation of steel products; b) definition of the system boundaries used for LCI calculation of steel products; c) evaluation of scrap in LCI calculation of steel products; d) evaluation of co-products in LCI calculation of steel products; e) reporting of LCI calculation results of steel products. The application of LCI results, including life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), is outside the scope of this document.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steel. The method is applicable to the determination of nitrogen mass fraction between 0,000 6 % and 0,050 % in low alloy steels and between 0,010 % and 0,050 % in high alloy steels. The method does not apply to samples containing silicon nitrides or having silicon contents higher than 0,6 %.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 9606-1:2012 specifies the requirements for qualification testing of welders for fusion welding of steels.
It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner or examining body.
When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability manually to manipulate the electrode, welding torch or welding blowpipe, thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
The welding processes referred to in ISO 9606-1:2012 include those fusion-welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard45 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 22825:2017 specifies the approach to be followed when developing procedures for the ultrasonic testing of the following welds:
- welds in stainless steels;
- welds in nickel-based alloys;
- welds in duplex steels;
- dissimilar metal welds;
- austenitic welds.
The purposes of the testing can be very different, for example:
- for the assessment of quality level (manufacturing);
- for the detection of specific discontinuities induced in service.
Acceptance levels are not included in ISO 22825:2017, but can be applied in accordance with the scope of the testing (see 4.1).
The requirements of ISO 22825:2017 are applicable to both manual and mechanized testing.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts.
The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less than 3,0 µm or a width smaller than 2,0 µm. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 µm can be evaluated by length alone.Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as belonging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 7.5.6).
It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard applies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution.
From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established.
This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels.
NOTE The basic principle of this draft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques.
- Standard81 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application.
Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1.
Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply.
This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063.
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding;
14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable.
It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesGerman languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/TS 7705:2017 gives guidelines for specifying Charpy V-notch impact prescriptions in steel specifications.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 This European Standard specifies rules for designating steels by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics, e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical, so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steels.
NOTE In the English language the designations covered by this European Standard are known as “steel names”; in the French language as “designation symbolique”; in the German language as “Kurznamen”.
1.2 This European Standard applies to steels specified in European Standards (EN), Technical Specifications (TS), Technical Reports (TR) and CEN member's national standards.
1.3 These rules may be applied to non-standardized steels.
1.4 A system of numerical designation of steels known as steel numbers is specified in EN 10027 2.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 This European Standard specifies rules for designating steels by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics, e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical, so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steels.
NOTE In the English language the designations covered by this European Standard are known as “steel names”; in the French language as “designation symbolique”; in the German language as “Kurznamen”.
1.2 This European Standard applies to steels specified in European Standards (EN), Technical Specifications (TS), Technical Reports (TR) and CEN member's national standards.
1.3 These rules may be applied to non-standardized steels.
1.4 A system of numerical designation of steels known as steel numbers is specified in EN 10027 2.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/TS 4949:2016 specifies rules for the designation of internationally standardized steel grades by means of symbolic letters and numbers to express application and principal characteristics (e.g. mechanical, physical, chemical) so as to provide an abbreviated identification of steel grades. NOTE 1 In order to avoid ambiguity, the principal symbols established according to this document can be supplemented by additional symbols identifying additional characteristics of the steel or steel product, e.g. suitability for use at high or low temperatures, surface condition, treatment condition, deoxidation. NOTE 2 These rules can also be applied to nationally or regionally standardized steels.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of nickel content (mass fraction) between 5,0 % and 25,0 % in alloyed steels.
The method does not apply to alloyed steels having niobium and/or tungsten contents higher than 0,1 %.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out a numbering system, referred to as steel numbers, for the designation of steel grades. It deals with the structure of steel numbers and the organization for their registration, allocation and dissemination. Such steel numbers are complementary to steel names set out in EN 10027-1.
Application of this European Standard is obligatory for steels specified in European Standards. Application is optional for national steels and proprietary steels.
NOTE Although the scope of the systems is limited to steel, it is structured so as to be capable of being extended to include other industrially produced materials.
Steel numbers established according to this system have a fixed number of digits (see 5). They are better suited for data processing than steel names established according to EN 10027-1.
For steels specified in European Standards the application for allocation of steel numbers (see A.6 to A.9) is the responsibility of the ECISS Technical Committee concerned. For national steel grades, the responsibility is that of the national competent body.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out a numbering system, referred to as steel numbers, for the designation of steel grades. It deals with the structure of steel numbers and the organization for their registration, allocation and dissemination. Such steel numbers are complementary to steel names set out in EN 10027-1.
Application of this European Standard is obligatory for steels specified in European Standards. Application is optional for national steels and proprietary steels.
NOTE Although the scope of the systems is limited to steel, it is structured so as to be capable of being extended to include other industrially produced materials.
Steel numbers established according to this system have a fixed number of digits (see 5). They are better suited for data processing than steel names established according to EN 10027-1.
For steels specified in European Standards the application for allocation of steel numbers (see A.6 to A.9) is the responsibility of the ECISS Technical Committee concerned. For national steel grades, the responsibility is that of the national competent body.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/TR 14745:2015 provides recommendations for post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of steels with recommendations for holding temperatures and holding times for different materials and material thicknesses. These recommendations are limited to stress relieving for non-alloy steels (groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 11) and to tempering for Cr-Mo-(Ni) steels (groups 5 and 6) and martensitic stainless steels (group 7.2), and are independent of type of product or location. The recommendations do not supersede any guidance given in material supplier specifications, e. g. thermo-mechanically treated fine-grain steels. It does not specify when PWHT is required. Such requirements are given in product standards, material specifications, or material data sheets.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of selenium in steels.
The method is applicable to selenium contents between 0,000 4 % (m/m) and 0,02 % (m/m).
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of selenium in steels.
The method is applicable to selenium contents between 0,000 4 % (m/m) and 0,02 % (m/m).
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day