ASTM A1112/A1112M-18

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A1112/A1112M −18
Standard Specification for
Cold-Formed Welded High Strength Carbon Steel or High-
Strength Low-Alloy Steel Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)
in Rounds and Shapes
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA1112/A1112M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded high
strength carbon steel or high strength low-alloy steel Hollow
2. Referenced Documents
Structural Sections (HSS) or special shape structural tubing for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges, buildings,
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
and for structural purposes.
of Steel Products
1.2 This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
of 64 in. [1626 mm] or less, and a specified wall thickness of
for Steel Products for Shipment
0.625 in. [16 mm] or less.
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
NOTE 1—Products manufactured to this specification may not be
suitable for those applications such as dynamic loaded elements in welded A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
structures, etc. where low-temperature notch-toughness properties may be
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
important. Inquire if dynamic loaded elements are required.
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products—Metric
1.3 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-
notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and
2.2 Military Standard:
footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
any mandatory requirements.
2.3 Federal Standard:
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
2.4 AIAG Standard:
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the
specification, refer to Terminology A941.
“M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Ordering Information
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall contain
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
information concerning as many of the following items as are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
required to describe the material adequately:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Quantity (feet [meters] or number of lengths),
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed HSS),
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products. www.access.gpo.gov.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. DOI: Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
10.1520/A1112_A1112M-18. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033-7156, http://www.aiag.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1112/A1112M−18
4.1.3 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for round CE 5 C1 Mn ⁄61 Cr 1 Mo 1 V ⁄51 Ni 1 Cu ⁄15 (1)
~ ! ~ ! ~ !
HSS, and outside dimensions and wall thickness for square and
8. Product Analysis
rectangular HSS),
8.1 When product tests are conducted the HSS shall con-
4.1.4 Grade/Class (70, 80, 90, 100, or 110),
form to the requirements of Table 1.
4.1.5 Length (random, multiple, specific; see 11.3),
4.1.6 End condition (see 16.3),
8.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made using
4.1.7 Burr removal (see 16.3),
test specimens taken from two lengths of HSS from each lot of
4.1.8 Certification (see Section 18),
500 lengths, or fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolled
4.1.9 ASTM specification designation and year of issue,
stock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled
4.1.10 End use,
stock.Methodsandpracticesrelatingtochemicalanalysisshall
4.1.11 Bar coding (see 19.3),
be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-
4.1.12 Packing, Marking, and Loading (see Section 21), and
ogy A751.
4.1.13 Special Requirements.
8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to
conform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be rejected.
5. Process
8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails to
5.1 The steel shall be made by a commercially available
conform to the specified requirements, product analyses shall
process.
bemadeusingtwoadditionaltestspecimenstakenfromthelot.
5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strand
Both the additional product analyses shall conform to the
cast, the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition
specified requirements or the lot shall be rejected.
material and remove it using an established procedure that
9. Tensile Requirements
positively separates the grades.
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall
6. Manufacture
conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed
6.1 HSS shall be made from flat-rolled steel by the electric-
in Table 2.
resistance-welding process. The longitudinal butt joint of
10. Flattening Test or Cone Flare Test
welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness in such a
manner that the structural design of the tubing section is 10.1 The flattening test or cone flare test shall be made on
assured. No transverse coil splices are permitted in the fur- HSS.
nished product.
10.2 Flattening Test—A test specimen at least 4 in. [100
mm] in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in
6.2 Annealingispermissible.Ifheattreatmentisperformed,
mechanical testing shall be conducted after heat treatment. three steps, with the weld located 90° from the line of direction
of force. During the first step, which is a test for ductility of the
6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of the
weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces of
corners of any shaped tube unless specified by purchaser.
thetestspecimenshallbepresentuntilthedistancebetweenthe
NOTE 2—Welded HSS is normally furnished without removal of the
plates is less than two-thirds of the specified outside diameter
inside flash.
of the tubing. For the second step, no cracks or breaks on the
inside or outside parent metal surfaces of the test specimen,
7. Heat Analysis
except as provided for in 10.4, shall be present until the
7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements in
distancebetweentheplatesislessthanone-halfofthespecified
Table 1.
outside diameter of the tubing. During the third step, which is
7.2 The maximum permissible carbon equivalent shall be a test for soundness, the flattening shall be continued until the
0.45 %. The carbon equivalent shall be based upon the heat test specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the test specimen
analysis. The required heat analysis and the carbon equivalent meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material or incom-
shall be reported. The carbon equivalent shall be calculated plete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall
using the following formula: be cause for rejection.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—Where an ellipses (. . .) appears in the table, requirements have not been defined.
NOTE 2—If material is to be hot-dip galvanized, this shall be listed on the purchase order and the Si content must be reported.
NOTE 3—The steels contain the strengthening elements columbium (niobium), vanadium, titanium, and molybdenum added singly or in combination.
The minimum requirements only apply to the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.
% Heat Analysis, Element Maximum Unless Otherwise Shown
A
Designation C Mn P S Si Cu Ni Cr Mo V Nb Ti
Grade 70/80 0.15 1.65 0.02 0.025 . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.005 min 0.005 min 0.005 min
Grade 90 0.15 2.00 0.02 0.025 . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.005 min 0.005 min 0.005 min
Grade 100/110 0.15 2.00 0.02 0.025 . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.40 0.005 min 0.005 min 0.005 min
A
Element41hasbeenidentifiedascolumbiumandniobium.A01considerstheminterchangeableandbothacceptable.SubcommitteeA01.09haschosentouseniobium.
A1112/A1112M−18
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions for
Square and Rectangular HSS
Round and Shaped HSS
Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm]
Specified Outside Large Flat Permissible Variations Over and
A
Designation min. %
Dimension, in. [mm] Under Specified Outside Flat
A
KSI [MPa] min KSI [MPa] min % min
Dimensions, in. [mm]
Class 70 70 [485] 80 [550] 14
2 ⁄2 [65] or under 0.020 [0.5]
1 1
Class 80 80 [550] 90 [620] 14 Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 [65 to 90], incl 0.025 [0.6]
1 1
Class 90 90 [620] 100 [690] 14
Over 3 ⁄2 to 5 ⁄2 [90 to 140], incl 0.030 [0.8]
Class 100 100 [690] 110 [760] 12 Over 5 ⁄2 [140] 0.01 times large flat dimension
Class 110 110 [760] 118 [813] 12
A
The permissible variations include allowance for convexity and concavity. For
A
The elongation values apply only to tests performed prior to shipment of the
rectangular HSS having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension less than
tubing.
1.5,andforsquareHSS,thepermissiblevariationsinsmallflatdimensionshallbe
identical to the permissible variations in the large flat dimension. For rectangular
HSShavingaratioofoutsidelargetosmallflatdimensionintherangeof1.5to3.0
inclusive, the permissible variations in small flat dimension shall be 1.5 times the
permissible variations in large flat dimension. For rectangular HSS having a ratio
10.3 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimen
of outside large to small flat dimension greater than 3.0, the permissible variations
before flattening, but revealed during the first step of the in small flat dimension shall be 2.0 times the permissible variations in large flat
dimension.
flattening test, shall be judged in accordance with Section 16.
10.4 When low D-to-t ratio HSS are tested, the strain
imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside
lengths. Refer to Section 4. When specified lengths are
surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations. Cracks at these
ordered, the length tolerance shall be in accordance with Table
locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is
4.
less than 10.
11.4 Straightness—The permissible variation for straight-
10.5 Cone Flare Test—Asection of tube approximately 4 in.
ness of HSS shall be ⁄8 in. times the number of feet [10 mm
[100 mm] in length shall be flared with a tool having a 60°
times the number of meters] of total length divided by 5.
included angle. Round tubing will be flared until tearing of the
tube material occurs or until the tube at the mouth of the flare
11.5 Squareness of Sides—For square and rectangular struc-
has been expanded a minimum of 15 % of th
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