21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
ICS 21.060.01 Details
Fasteners in general
Befestigungsmittel im allgemeinen
Éléments de fixation en général
Vezni elementi na splošno
General Information
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This document specifies the requirements for designing, strength assessment, assembly and servicing of mechanical and electrical bolted joints made from metallic components and bolts.
This document is not intended for rivets, lock bolts, self-tapping screws, wood screws, thread-rolling screws, thread-forming and chipboards.
This document is applicable to all rail vehicles.
- Standard102 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general rules and provides technical information on stainless steels and their properties, which are relevant when using other parts of the ISO 3506 series. It includes specifications for corrosion-resistant stainless steels and nickel alloys, which are suitable for the manufacture of fasteners.
It applies to austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel grades and nickel alloys for fasteners, and is intended to be used together with the relevant parts of the ISO 3506 series.
Common designations of stainless steels and nickel alloys used for fasteners are given in Annex A.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or copper alloys.
It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, see 4.4 and Annex B.
It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties:
— with or without conversion coating,
— with or without sealant,
— with or without top coat,
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium) are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric threads.
The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners take precedence over other documents dealing with electroplating.
This document applies to steel bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets.
NOTE Electroplating is also applied to stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to avoid galling.
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability.
- Standard66 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general rules and provides technical information on stainless steels and their properties, which are relevant when using other parts of the ISO 3506 series. It includes specifications for corrosion-resistant stainless steels and nickel alloys, which are suitable for the manufacture of fasteners.
It applies to austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel grades and nickel alloys for fasteners, and is intended to be used together with the relevant parts of the ISO 3506 series.
Common designations of stainless steels and nickel alloys used for fasteners are given in Annex A.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or copper alloys.
It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, see 4.4 and Annex B.
It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties:
— with or without conversion coating,
— with or without sealant,
— with or without top coat,
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium) are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric threads.
The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners take precedence over other documents dealing with electroplating.
This document applies to steel bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets.
NOTE Electroplating is also applied to stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to avoid galling.
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability.
- Standard66 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of the following types of dowel-type fasteners:
- nails;
- staples;
- screws;
- dowels;
- bolts with nuts.
This document covers dowel-type fasteners for structural use in load bearing timber structures only. This document covers also the following additional intended uses of the screws:
- to fix roof or cladding elements to the timber structure, with or without insulation layers; and
- as reinforcement inserted in timber or in a glue laminated timber element to improve its resistance to compression perpendicular to the grain.
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured of either carbon steel or stainless steel and which may be coated for the following purposes:
- corrosion protection (as Type 1 coating);
- lubrication, to facilitate insertion (as Type 2 coating);
- withdrawal enhancement and/or collation for nails and staples (adhesive and/or resin coatings) (as Type 3 coating).
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured from materials and within the specifications for their geometry related properties, only as they are specified for:
- nails (see G.1);
- staples (see G.2);
- screws (see G.3);
- dowels (see G.4); and
- bolts with nuts (see G.5).
This document specifies also the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) procedures of these characteristics and includes provisions for marking of dowel-type fasteners.
This document does not cover dowel-type fasteners treated with fire retardants to improve their fire performance, nor does it cover glued-in rods.
- Standard78 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for steel fasteners with electroplated coatings and coating systems. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or copper alloys. It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, see 4.4 and Annex B. It mainly applies to fasteners with zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties: — with or without conversion coating, — with or without sealant, — with or without top coat, — with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant). Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium) are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric threads. The requirements of this document for electroplated fasteners take precedence over other documents dealing with electroplating. This document applies to steel bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to other threaded fasteners and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets. NOTE Electroplating is also applied to stainless steel fasteners, e.g. for the purpose of lubrication in order to avoid galling. Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A. This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard58 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the characteristics of the following types of dowel-type fasteners:
- nails;
- staples;
- screws;
- dowels;
- bolts with nuts.
This document covers dowel-type fasteners for structural use in load bearing timber structures only. This document covers also the following additional intended uses of the screws:
- to fix roof or cladding elements to the timber structure, with or without insulation layers; and
- as reinforcement inserted in timber or in a glue laminated timber element to improve its resistance to compression perpendicular to the grain.
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured of either carbon steel or stainless steel and which may be coated for the following purposes:
- corrosion protection (as Type 1 coating);
- lubrication, to facilitate insertion (as Type 2 coating);
- withdrawal enhancement and/or collation for nails and staples (adhesive and/or resin coatings) (as Type 3 coating).
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured from materials and within the specifications for their geometry related properties, only as they are specified for:
- nails (see G.1);
- staples (see G.2);
- screws (see G.3);
- dowels (see G.4); and
- bolts with nuts (see G.5).
This document specifies also the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) procedures of these characteristics and includes provisions for marking of dowel-type fasteners.
This document does not cover dowel-type fasteners treated with fire retardants to improve their fire performance, nor does it cover glued-in rods.
- Standard78 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document presents the latest knowledge related to hydrogen embrittlement, translated into know-how in a manner that is complete yet simple, and directly applicable to steel fasteners.
- Technical report30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document presents the latest knowledge related to hydrogen embrittlement, translated into know-how in a manner that is complete yet simple, and directly applicable to steel fasteners.
- Technical report30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard1 pageFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general rules and provides technical information on stainless steels and their properties, which are relevant when using other parts of the ISO 3506 series. It includes specifications for corrosion-resistant stainless steels and nickel alloys, which are suitable for the manufacture of fasteners. It applies to austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel grades and nickel alloys for fasteners, and is intended to be used together with the relevant parts of the ISO 3506 series. Common designations of stainless steels and nickel alloys used for fasteners are given in Annex A.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an inspection procedure to be used by the purchaser where no prior agreement exists.
It also specifies a reference acceptance procedure for acceptance or rejection of an inspection lot, when no agreement can be reached between the purchaser and the supplier, or where conformance to specification is disputed.
It applies to inspection lots of bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washers, rivets and other related fasteners.
This document applies to fasteners not intended for high volume machine assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring more advanced in-process control and lot traceability.
For in-process control or final inspection by the manufacture and sorting, see ISO 16426.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics of hexagon washer head drilling screws with tapping screw threads, made of steel, with thread sizes ST2,9 to ST6,3, and with product grade A.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an inspection procedure to be used by the purchaser where no prior agreement exists.
It also specifies a reference acceptance procedure for acceptance or rejection of an inspection lot, when no agreement can be reached between the purchaser and the supplier, or where conformance to specification is disputed.
It applies to inspection lots of bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washers, rivets and other related fasteners.
This document applies to fasteners not intended for high volume machine assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring more advanced in-process control and lot traceability.
For in-process control or final inspection by the manufacture and sorting, see ISO 16426.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an inspection procedure to be used by the purchaser where no prior agreement exists. It also specifies a reference acceptance procedure for acceptance or rejection of an inspection lot, when no agreement can be reached between the purchaser and the supplier, or where conformance to specification is disputed. It applies to inspection lots of bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washers, rivets and other related fasteners. This document applies to fasteners not intended for high volume machine assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring more advanced in-process control and lot traceability. For in-process control or final inspection by the manufacture and sorting, see ISO 16426.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating systems for steel fasteners. It is applicable to coatings:
— with or without hexavalent chromium;
— with or without top coat;
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
It is applicable to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to fasteners with non-ISO metric thread, and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips, etc.
This document does not specify requirements for such fastener properties as weldability or paintability. It is not applicable to mechanically applied zinc coatings.
NOTE Coatings in accordance with this document are especially used for high strength fasteners (≥ 1 000 MPa) to avoid risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE — see 4.4).
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document presents the latest knowledge related to hydrogen embrittlement, translated into know-how in a manner that is complete yet simple, and directly applicable to steel fasteners.
- Technical report22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report24 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies together with EN 14399-1 and EN 14399-2, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HV suitable for preloaded joints with large widths across flats, thread sizes M12 to M36 and property classes 10.9/10.
Bolting assemblies (including fit bolts with nominal shank diameter d + 1 mm) in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As ) according to EN 1993-1-8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic deformation of the engaged threads. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- nut height approximately 0,8 d;
- bolt with short thread length.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document include washers according to EN 14399-6.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolting assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090-2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399-2.
Clamp lengths and grip lengths for the bolting assemblies are specified in the normative Annex A.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard specifies, together with EN 14399 1 and EN 14399 2, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural countersunk bolts and nuts of system HR suitable for preloaded joints with thread sizes M12 to M36 and property classes 8.8/8 or 8.8/10 and 10.9/10.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As ) according to EN 1993 1 8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- regular nut height according to (style 1) see EN ISO 4032;
- thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document include washers according to EN 14399 6 or to EN 14399 5.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that bolting assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090–2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399 2.
Clamp lengths and grip lengths for the bolting assemblies are specified in the normative Annex A.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies terms and definitions for fasteners related to control, inspection, delivery, acceptance and quality.
These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 3269, ISO 16228 and ISO 16426.
A multilingual list of terms in alphabetical order is given in Annex A.
NOTE 1 For a fasteners quality assurance system, see ISO 16426.
NOTE 2 For other fasteners terms, see, for example, ISO 225, and other parts of ISO 1891, ISO 4753 and ISO 14588.
NOTE 3 For other general terms related to quality and statistics, see, for example, ISO 9000, ISO 3534‑1, ISO 3534‑2 and ISO 3534-3.
Successive order of languages:
en: English
fr: French
ru: Russian
de: German
zh: Chinese
it: Italian
ja: Japanese
sv: Swedish
NOTE 4 In addition to the official ISO languages, this document includes the terms and definitions in German and also gives the terms in Chinese, Italian, Japanese and Swedish.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish, French, German and Russian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies, together with EN 14399- and EN 14399-2, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HRC suitable for preloaded joints, with hexagon head (large widths across flats), cup head or countersunk head, thread sizes M12 to M36 and property class 10.9/10.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As ) according to EN 1993-1-8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- regular nut height according to (style 1), see EN ISO 4032; or
- nut with height m = 1 D;
- thread length of the bolt in accordance with ISO 888.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document include washers according to EN 14399-6 or to EN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolting assemblies are correctly used if a satisfactory result is to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090-2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399-2 and in Clause 8 of this document.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 General
This Technical Report provides design rules for fasteners used to connect statically indeterminate non-structural light weight systems (e.g. suspended ceilings, pipe work, ducting) to concrete members such as walls or floors (see Figure 1)).
The proposed design model may be applied to post-installed mechanical and bonded anchors covered by EN 1992-4:2017, 1.2. Their suitability will be confirmed in a European Technical Product Specification.
The design rules assume the following:
- under extreme conditions (e.g. large crack width) excessive slip or failure of a fastener might occur;
- elements or systems are attached with at least three fixing points with one or more fasteners at each fixing point;
- where more than one fastener is used at a fixing point (MF, see Figure 1), only fasteners of the same type, size and length are used;
- the attached system is sufficiently stiff to transfer the load at any fixing point to adjacent fixing points without significantly impairing the performance characteristics of the system both at serviceability and ultimate limit states.
(...)
This Technical Report applies to non-structural applications in structures covered by EN 1992-1-1. In applications where special considerations apply, e.g. nuclear power plants or civil defence structures, modifications may be necessary.
This document does not cover the design of the fixture. The design of the fixture will be carried out to comply with the appropriate Standards.
1.2 Type of fasteners
Post-installed fasteners according to EN 1992-4.
1.3 Fastener dimensions and materials
EN 1992-4:2017, 1.3 applies with the following addition: In precast pre-stressed hollow core elements the minimum embedment depth may be reduced to a value to ensure proper functioning if placed in a flange (wall) of minimum thickness of 17 mm. In this case the minimum embedment depth and the admissible position of the fastener in the hollow core slab given in the relevant European Technical Product Specification will be observed (Figure 2).
(...)-
1.4 Fastener loading
Loading on the fastenings will only be quasi static. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
Any axial compression on the fixture will be transmitted to the concrete either without acting on the fastener or via fasteners suitable for resisting compression.
1.5 Concrete strength
EN 1992-4 applies.
1.6 Concrete member loading
EN 1992-4 applies. However, fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
1.7 Concrete member dimensions
The minimum thickness of members in which fasteners are installed is at least 80 mm unless otherwise specified in the European Technical Product Specification. For precast pre-stressed hollow core elements, the minimum wall thickness is 17 mm.
- Technical report9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1992-4:2018 covers anchor channels located in cracked or uncracked concrete subjected to tensile loads and/or shear loads transverse to the longitudinal channel axis as well as combinations of these loads. Shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel and combinations of shear loads acting transverse and in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel, combinations of tensile loads and shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel and combinations of loads in all three directions are excluded.
This Technical Report provides design rules for anchor channels under static and quasi-static shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal channel axis and all possible combinations of shear and tension loads acting on the channel as well as design rules for anchor channels with supplementary reinforcement to take up shear loads, additional and alternative to the provisions of EN 1992- 4:2018. All relevant failure modes are considered and will be verified. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
The design rules in this document are only valid for anchor channels with a European Technical Product Specification. The design provisions for shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel cover the following anchor channels and applications:
- Anchor channels with 2 or 3 anchors.
- Anchor channels where the shear load in the longitudinal axis of the channel is transferred to the channel by corresponding locking channel bolts creating mechanical interlock by means of a notch in the channel lips or serrated channel bolts which interlock with serrated lips of the channel (Figure 1).
- Anchor channels produced from steel with at least two metal anchors rigidly connected to the back of the channel (e.g. by welding, forging or screwing). The anchor channels are placed flush with the concrete surface. A fixture is connected to the anchor channel by channel bolts with nut and washer.
- Anchor channels close to the edge placed either parallel or transverse to the edge of the concrete member. The design provisions for concrete edge failure do not cover channel orientations inclined to the concrete edge.
The design method for anchor channels loaded in shear in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel follows closely the existing design model for headed fasteners. For reasons of simplicity modifications specific for anchor channels are used where necessary.
The design provisions for the supplementary reinforcement to take up shear loads in case of anchor channels situated parallel to the edge and loaded in shear transverse to the longitudinal axis apply to anchor channels with unlimited number of anchors.
Examples of anchor channels and channel bolts ensuring mechanical interlock are given in Figure 1.
- Technical report28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives provisions for design of ultimate limit states in addition to EN 1992 4 for headed and post-installed fasteners excluding concrete screws, which only transmit static actions to the concrete, when the loads on individual fasteners are determined according to plastic analysis of the joint where only equilibrium conditions but no compatibility conditions are considered. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
- Technical report14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 General
(1) This European Standard provides a design method for fastenings (connection of structural elements and non-structural elements to structural components), which are used to transmit actions to the concrete. This design method uses physical models which are based on a combination of tests and numerical analysis consistent with EN 1990:2002, 5.2.
The requirements for the transmission of the fastener loads within the concrete member to its supports are given in EN 1992-1-1 and Annex A of this EN.
Inserts embedded in precast concrete elements during production, under Factory Production Control (FPC) conditions and with the due reinforcement, intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, are covered by CEN/TR 15728.
(2) This EN is intended for safety related applications in which the failure of fastenings may result in collapse or partial collapse of the structure, cause risk to human life or lead to significant economic loss. In this context it also covers non-structural elements.
(3) The support of the fixture can be either statically determinate or statically indeterminate. Each support can consist of one fastener or a group of fasteners.
(4) This EN is valid for applications which fall within the scope of the EN 1992 series. In applications where special considerations apply, e.g. nuclear power plants or civil defence structures, modifications can be necessary.
(5) This EN does not cover the design of the fixture. The requirements for the design of the fixture are given in the appropriate Standards and fulfil the requirements on the fixture as given in this EN.
(6) This document relies on characteristic resistances and distances which are stated in a European Technical Product Specification (see Annex E). At least the characteristics of Annex E are given in a European Technical Product Specification for the corresponding loading conditions providing a basis for the design methods of this EN.
NOTE The numerical values for certain parameters given in Notes can be used for pre-dimensioning. The values for verification are given in the European Technical Product Specifications and may be different.
1.2 Type of fasteners and fastening groups
(1) This EN uses the fastener design theory ) (see Figure 1.1) and applies to:
a) cast-in fasteners such as headed fasteners, anchor channels with rigid connection (e.g. welded, forged) between anchor and channel;
b) post-installed mechanical fasteners such as expansion fasteners, undercut fasteners and concrete screws;
c) post-installed bonded fasteners and bonded expansion fasteners.
(2) For other types of fasteners modifications of the design provisions can be necessary.
(3) This EN applies to fasteners with established suitability for the specified application in concrete covered by provisions, which refer to this EN and provide data required by this EN. The suitability of the fastener is stated in the relevant European Technical Product Specification.
(...)
(4) This EN applies to single fasteners and groups of fasteners. In a group of fasteners the loads are applied to the individual fasteners of the group by means of a common fixture. In a group of fasteners this European Standard applies only if fasteners of the same type and size are used.
(5) The configurations of fastenings with cast-in place headed fasteners and post-installed fasteners covered by this EN are shown in Figure 1.2.
(6) For anchor channels the number of anchors is not limited.
(...)
(7) Post-installed ribbed reinforcing bars used to connect concrete members are covered by a European Technical Product Specification. This EN applies when connections are designed in accordance with EN 1992-1-1.
1.3 Fastener dimensions and materials
(1) This EN applies to fasteners with a minimum diameter or a minimum thread size of 6 mm (M6) or a corresponding cross section. (....)
- Standard129 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies, together with EN 14399-1 and EN 14399-2, the requirements for direct tension indicators, nut face washers (HN) and bolt face washers (HB) as part of high-strength structural bolting assemblies suitable for preloaded joints.
These direct tension indicators are specified as part of high-strength structural bolting assemblies of system HR or HV in accordance with EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7 or EN 14399-8, with nominal thread sizes M12 up to and including M36 and property classes 8.8/8 or 8.8/10 and 10.9/10.
It specifies two property designations H8 and H10 for direct tension indicators, together with general dimensions, tolerances, materials and functional property/ies.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As1) according to EN 1993-1-8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt for system HR in accordance with EN 14399-3 or EN 14399-7, or by plastic deformation of the engaged threads for system HV in accordance with EN 14399-4 or EN 14399-8.
Bolting assemblies conforming to this document may include washer(s) according to EN 14399-6 or to EN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolting assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090-2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399-2 together with Clause 5 of this document.
NOTE 2 Direct tension indicators are also known as load indicating washers.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating systems for steel fasteners. It is applicable to coatings:
— with or without hexavalent chromium;
— with or without top coat;
— with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant).
It is applicable to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to fasteners with non-ISO metric thread, and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips, etc.
This document does not specify requirements for such fastener properties as weldability or paintability. It is not applicable to mechanically applied zinc coatings.
NOTE Coatings in accordance with this document are especially used for high strength fasteners (≥ 1 000 MPa) to avoid risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE — see 4.4).
Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 1992-4:2018 covers anchor channels located in cracked or uncracked concrete subjected to tensile loads and/or shear loads transverse to the longitudinal channel axis as well as combinations of these loads. Shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel and combinations of shear loads acting transverse and in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel, combinations of tensile loads and shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel and combinations of loads in all three directions are excluded.
This Technical Report provides design rules for anchor channels under static and quasi-static shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal channel axis and all possible combinations of shear and tension loads acting on the channel as well as design rules for anchor channels with supplementary reinforcement to take up shear loads, additional and alternative to the provisions of EN 1992- 4:2018. All relevant failure modes are considered and will be verified. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
The design rules in this document are only valid for anchor channels with a European Technical Product Specification. The design provisions for shear loads acting in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel cover the following anchor channels and applications:
- Anchor channels with 2 or 3 anchors.
- Anchor channels where the shear load in the longitudinal axis of the channel is transferred to the channel by corresponding locking channel bolts creating mechanical interlock by means of a notch in the channel lips or serrated channel bolts which interlock with serrated lips of the channel (Figure 1).
- Anchor channels produced from steel with at least two metal anchors rigidly connected to the back of the channel (e.g. by welding, forging or screwing). The anchor channels are placed flush with the concrete surface. A fixture is connected to the anchor channel by channel bolts with nut and washer.
- Anchor channels close to the edge placed either parallel or transverse to the edge of the concrete member. The design provisions for concrete edge failure do not cover channel orientations inclined to the concrete edge.
The design method for anchor channels loaded in shear in direction of the longitudinal axis of the channel follows closely the existing design model for headed fasteners. For reasons of simplicity modifications specific for anchor channels are used where necessary.
The design provisions for the supplementary reinforcement to take up shear loads in case of anchor channels situated parallel to the edge and loaded in shear transverse to the longitudinal axis apply to anchor channels with unlimited number of anchors.
Examples of anchor channels and channel bolts ensuring mechanical interlock are given in Figure 1.
- Technical report28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives provisions for design of ultimate limit states in addition to EN 1992 4 for headed and post-installed fasteners excluding concrete screws, which only transmit static actions to the concrete, when the loads on individual fasteners are determined according to plastic analysis of the joint where only equilibrium conditions but no compatibility conditions are considered. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
- Technical report14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 General
This Technical Report provides design rules for fasteners used to connect statically indeterminate non-structural light weight systems (e.g. suspended ceilings, pipe work, ducting) to concrete members such as walls or floors (see Figure 1)).
The proposed design model may be applied to post-installed mechanical and bonded anchors covered by EN 1992-4:2017, 1.2. Their suitability will be confirmed in a European Technical Product Specification.
The design rules assume the following:
- under extreme conditions (e.g. large crack width) excessive slip or failure of a fastener might occur;
- elements or systems are attached with at least three fixing points with one or more fasteners at each fixing point;
- where more than one fastener is used at a fixing point (MF, see Figure 1), only fasteners of the same type, size and length are used;
- the attached system is sufficiently stiff to transfer the load at any fixing point to adjacent fixing points without significantly impairing the performance characteristics of the system both at serviceability and ultimate limit states.
(...)
This Technical Report applies to non-structural applications in structures covered by EN 1992-1-1. In applications where special considerations apply, e.g. nuclear power plants or civil defence structures, modifications may be necessary.
This document does not cover the design of the fixture. The design of the fixture will be carried out to comply with the appropriate Standards.
1.2 Type of fasteners
Post-installed fasteners according to EN 1992-4.
1.3 Fastener dimensions and materials
EN 1992-4:2017, 1.3 applies with the following addition: In precast pre-stressed hollow core elements the minimum embedment depth may be reduced to a value to ensure proper functioning if placed in a flange (wall) of minimum thickness of 17 mm. In this case the minimum embedment depth and the admissible position of the fastener in the hollow core slab given in the relevant European Technical Product Specification will be observed (Figure 2).
(...)-
1.4 Fastener loading
Loading on the fastenings will only be quasi static. Fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
Any axial compression on the fixture will be transmitted to the concrete either without acting on the fastener or via fasteners suitable for resisting compression.
1.5 Concrete strength
EN 1992-4 applies.
1.6 Concrete member loading
EN 1992-4 applies. However, fatigue, impact and seismic loads are not covered.
1.7 Concrete member dimensions
The minimum thickness of members in which fasteners are installed is at least 80 mm unless otherwise specified in the European Technical Product Specification. For precast pre-stressed hollow core elements, the minimum wall thickness is 17 mm.
- Technical report9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies terms and definitions for fasteners related to control, inspection, delivery, acceptance and quality.
These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 3269, ISO 16228 and ISO 16426.
A multilingual list of terms in alphabetical order is given in Annex A.
NOTE 1 For a fasteners quality assurance system, see ISO 16426.
NOTE 2 For other fasteners terms, see, for example, ISO 225, and other parts of ISO 1891, ISO 4753 and ISO 14588.
NOTE 3 For other general terms related to quality and statistics, see, for example, ISO 9000, ISO 3534‑1, ISO 3534‑2 and ISO 3534-3.
Successive order of languages:
en: English
fr: French
ru: Russian
de: German
zh: Chinese
it: Italian
ja: Japanese
sv: Swedish
NOTE 4 In addition to the official ISO languages, this document includes the terms and definitions in German and also gives the terms in Chinese, Italian, Japanese and Swedish.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish, French, German and Russian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 16228:2017 specifies the different types of fastener inspection documents issued by the fastener manufacturer or distributor and/or by the external authorized representative on specific request of the purchaser at the time of the order.
- declaration of compliance (F2.1);
- test reports (F2.2, F3.1 and F3.2).
NOTE The term "certificate" is in common use, however for fastener inspection documents the terminology to be used is "test report".
ISO 16228:2017 specifies requirements for the content of each fastener inspection document, in conjunction with the order, the relevant standards and/or specified requirements.
ISO 16228:2017 is applicable to finished fasteners such as bolts, screws, studs, nuts, washers, pins, rivets, etc. made of steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metal or non-metallic material.
ISO 16228:2017 does not apply to special-purpose or specially engineered applications requiring other types of procedures (e.g. initial samples).
Examples of inspection documents are given in Annex A. An example of a coding system identifying the sections in fastener inspection documents is given in Annex B.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating systems for steel fasteners. It is applicable to coatings: — with or without hexavalent chromium; — with or without top coat; — with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant). It is applicable to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to fasteners with non-ISO metric thread, and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips, etc. This document does not specify requirements for such fastener properties as weldability or paintability. It is not applicable to mechanically applied zinc coatings. NOTE Coatings in accordance with this document are especially used for high strength fasteners (≥ 1 000 MPa) to avoid risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE — see 4.4). Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard32 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies terms and definitions for fasteners related to control, inspection, delivery, acceptance and quality. These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 3269, ISO 16228 and ISO 16426. A multilingual list of terms in alphabetical order is given in Annex A. NOTE 1 For a fasteners quality assurance system, see ISO 16426. NOTE 2 For other fasteners terms, see, for example, ISO 225, and other parts of ISO 1891, ISO 4753 and ISO 14588. NOTE 3 For other general terms related to quality and statistics, see, for example, ISO 9000, ISO 3534‑1, ISO 3534‑2 and ISO 3534-3. Successive order of languages: en: English fr: French ru: Russian de: German zh: Chinese it: Italian ja: Japanese sv: Swedish NOTE 4 In addition to the official ISO languages, this document includes the terms and definitions in German and also gives the terms in Chinese, Italian, Japanese and Swedish.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of this European Standard specifies the general requirements for bolting assemblies for non-preloaded structural bolting. Bolting assemblies in accordance with this European Standard are designed to be used in structural bolting connections for shear and/or tensile loading.
The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European standard is structural metallic works.
It applies to bolts (the term used when bolts partially threaded, screws, studs and stud-bolts are considered all together) and nuts made of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel or aluminium or aluminium alloy with the following property classes:
- bolts made of carbon steel and alloy steel: 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9 (in accordance with EN ISO 898 1);
- nuts made of carbon steel and alloy steel: 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 (in accordance with EN ISO 898 2);
- bolts made of austenitic stainless steel: 50, 70, 80 (in accordance with EN ISO 3506 1);
- nuts made of austenitic stainless steel: 50, 70, 80 (in accordance with EN ISO 3506 2);
- bolts made of aluminium or aluminium alloy: AL1 to AL6 (in accordance with EN 28839);
- nuts made of aluminium or aluminium alloy: AL1 to AL6 (in accordance with EN 28839).
This European Standard applies to bolting assemblies with ISO metric coarse pitch thread from sizes M12 to M39 for use in steel structures according to EN 1090 2, and from M5 to M39 for use in aluminium or aluminium alloy structures according to EN 1090 3. The use of thread sizes larger than M39 is not precluded provided all applicable requirements of this standard are met.
WARNING — Only bolting assemblies are covered by this harmonized standard: separate bolts or nuts, not tested as part of an assembly lot of bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 15048 2, are not covered by this harmonized standard and cannot be CE marked.
NOTE 1 The property classes 4.8, 5.8 and 6.8 may be subjected to limitations of use.
NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading which meet the requirements of EN 14399–1 are not within the scope of this European Standard but they are also suitable for use in non-preloaded structural bolting.
NOTE 3 Bolts and nuts made of aluminium or aluminium alloys are not designed to be used in steel structures, see EN 1090–2.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this European Standard are not designed to be welded.
Railway rail fasteners are not covered by this European Standard.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 16228:2017 specifies the different types of fastener inspection documents issued by the fastener manufacturer or distributor and/or by the external authorized representative on specific request of the purchaser at the time of the order.
- declaration of compliance (F2.1);
- test reports (F2.2, F3.1 and F3.2).
NOTE The term "certificate" is in common use, however for fastener inspection documents the terminology to be used is "test report".
ISO 16228:2017 specifies requirements for the content of each fastener inspection document, in conjunction with the order, the relevant standards and/or specified requirements.
ISO 16228:2017 is applicable to finished fasteners such as bolts, screws, studs, nuts, washers, pins, rivets, etc. made of steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metal or non-metallic material.
ISO 16228:2017 does not apply to special-purpose or specially engineered applications requiring other types of procedures (e.g. initial samples).
Examples of inspection documents are given in Annex A. An example of a coding system identifying the sections in fastener inspection documents is given in Annex B.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 16228:2017 specifies the different types of fastener inspection documents issued by the fastener manufacturer or distributor and/or by the external authorized representative on specific request of the purchaser at the time of the order. - declaration of compliance (F2.1); - test reports (F2.2, F3.1 and F3.2). NOTE The term "certificate" is in common use, however for fastener inspection documents the terminology to be used is "test report". ISO 16228:2017 specifies requirements for the content of each fastener inspection document, in conjunction with the order, the relevant standards and/or specified requirements. ISO 16228:2017 is applicable to finished fasteners such as bolts, screws, studs, nuts, washers, pins, rivets, etc. made of steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metal or non-metallic material. ISO 16228:2017 does not apply to special-purpose or specially engineered applications requiring other types of procedures (e.g. initial samples). Examples of inspection documents are given in Annex A. An example of a coding system identifying the sections in fastener inspection documents is given in Annex B.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the technical requirements for structural bolting assemblies in order to ensure the suitability for non-preloaded bolted connections in steel structures or aluminium structures.
A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the structural bolting assemblies.
It applies to bolting assemblies specified in FprEN 15048-1.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the technical requirements for high-strength structural bolting assemblies in order to ensure the suitability for preloading of bolted connections in metallic structures.
A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the structural bolting assemblies so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in EN 1090 2 with sufficient margins against overtightening and against failure.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies together with EN 14399 1 and EN 14399 2, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HV suitable for preloaded joints with large widths across flats, thread sizes M12 to M36 and property classes 10.9/10.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As ) according to EN 1993 1 8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic deformation of the engaged threads. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- nut height approximately 0,8 d;
- bolt with short thread length.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document include washers according to EN 14399 6.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolting assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090-2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399 2.
Clamp lengths and grip lengths for the bolting assemblies are specified in the normative Annex A.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general requirements for bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading.
The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European Standard is structural metallic works.
NOTE 1 High-strength structural bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 14399-2 to EN 14399-10 are designed to fulfil the requirements of this European Standard.
NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies are suitable for preloading in accordance with EN 1090-2 in steel structures.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies smaller than M12 are not designed to be preloaded.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies are not designed to be welded.
Railway rail fasteners are not covered by this standard.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies, together with EN 14399 1 and EN 14399 2, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HR suitable for preloaded joints with large widths across flats, thread sizes M12 to M36 and property classes 8.8/8 or 8.8/10 and 10.9/10.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub × As ) according to EN 1993 1 8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- normal nut height (style 1), see EN ISO 4032;
- thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888.
Bolting assemblies in accordance with this document include washers according to EN 14399 6 or to EN 14399 5 (under the nut only).
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that bolting assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to EN 1090-2 is made.
General requirements and requirements for suitability for preloading are specified in EN 14399 2.
Clamp lengths and grip lengths for the bolting assemblies are specified in the normative Annex A.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 1891-2:2014 specifies terms and definitions for fastener coatings, primarily intended for corrosion protection and functional purposes. These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 4042, ISO 10683 and ISO 10684.
- Standard69 pagesEnglish, French and Russian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the technical requirements for high-strength structural bolting assemblies in order to ensure the suitability for preloading of bolted connections in metallic structures.
A suitability test is specified to check the behaviour of the structural bolting assemblies so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in EN 1090 2 with sufficient margins against overtightening and against failure.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general requirements for bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading.
The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European Standard is structural metallic works.
NOTE 1 High-strength structural bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 14399-2 to EN 14399-10 are designed to fulfil the requirements of this European Standard.
NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies are suitable for preloading in accordance with EN 1090-2 in steel structures.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies smaller than M12 are not designed to be preloaded.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies are not designed to be welded.
Railway rail fasteners are not covered by this standard.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 1891-2:2014 specifies terms and definitions for fastener coatings, primarily intended for corrosion protection and functional purposes. These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 4042, ISO 10683 and ISO 10684.
- Standard69 pagesEnglish, French and Russian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 1891-2:2014 specifies terms and definitions for fastener coatings, primarily intended for corrosion protection and functional purposes. These terms are mainly intended for use in conjunction with ISO 4042, ISO 10683 and ISO 10684.
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- Standard60 pagesEnglish, French and Russian languagesale 15% off