ASTM A962/A962M-23a

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A962/A962M − 23 A962/A962M − 23a
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any
Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A962/A962M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy
bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification
or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for A193/A193M
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications
Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts A194/A194M
for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low- A320/A320M
Temperature Service
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting A437/A437M
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service
High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion A453/A453M
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications A540/A540M
Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) A1014/A1014M
for High Temperature Service
High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex A1082/A1082M
Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose
Applications
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs,
staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are
subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have
designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners
may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high
temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting
is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023May 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20222023 as
A962/A962M – 22.A962/A962M – 23. DOI: 10.1520/A0962_A0962M-23.10.1520/A0962_A0962M-23A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A962/A962M − 23a
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply
when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or
inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
The following documents shall form a part of this specification to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply unless oth-
erwise specified.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other
Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High
Temperature Service, or Both
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
A437/A437M Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service
A453/A453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
A540/A540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts
A1014/A1014M Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
A1082/A1082M Specification for High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose
Applications
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic Induction) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
E1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
E1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F788 Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Rivets, Inch and Metric Series
F812 Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Nuts, Inch and Metric Series
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
A962/A962M − 23a
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts,
Screws, Studs, and Nuts
F2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts,
Screws, Studs, and Nuts (Metric)
2.2 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
2.3 ASME Standards:
B1.1 Screw Threads
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads – M Profile
B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads
B1.3MB1.3 Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability ofAcceptability: Inch and Metric Screw Threads
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
B18.2.2 Metric Heavy Hex Nuts
B18.2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex Screws
B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy Hex Bolts
B18.2.4.6M Nuts for General Applications
B18.2.6 Fasteners Used in Structural Applications
B18.2.6M Metric Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
B18.18 Quality Assurance for Fasteners
B18.31.2 Continuous Thread Stud, Double-End Stud, and Flange Bolting Stud (Stud Bolt) (Inch Series)
2.4 ISO Standards:
ISO 4762 Hex Socket Cap Screw
2.5 Other Documents:
ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 annealing—material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holding for a
sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.
3.1.2 bar—a solid rolled or forged section that is long in relationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relatively constant
cross section throughout its length. See Specification A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and cold
finished bars.
3.1.3 bolting—a general term which includes bolting materials (rolled or forged bars or blanks, wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary
pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments), which are manufactured
into bolting components, including but not limited to, connectors, pins, restraining device components, shafts, bolts, nuts, screws,
studs, and washers.
3.1.4 bolting components—components, such as bolts, nuts, screws, studs, washers, connectors, and pins, are finished products
which join, fasten, restrain, or position objects.
3.1.5 bolting materials—starting materials used for the manufacture of bolting components, such as rolled or forged or threaded
solid bars, blanks, wires, rods, or tubes or other hollow sections, that may be further processed by heat treatment, cold working,
forging, threading, or machining.
3.1.6 certifying organization—the company or association responsible for the conformance and marking of the product to the
specification requirements.
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
A962/A962M − 23a
3.1.7 class—a term used to differentiate between different heat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, often within the
same grade but sometimes within the same family of materials. May also apply to work hardened condition or strength level, or
both.
3.1.8 grade—an alloy described individually and identified by its own designation in a table of chemical requirements within any
specification.
3.1.9 length, components subject to full size testing—that portion of the bolting component whose body diameter is approximately
the same as the nominal thread size.
3.1.10 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:
3.1.10.1 bolting, heat treated in batch type furnaces—all bolting material of the same heat or cast of material, condition, finish,
and size subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at the same time.
3.1.10.2 bolting, heat treated in continuous type furnaces—all bolting material of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
finish, and size heat treated without interruption in a continuous type furnace.
3.1.10.3 bolting, non heat treated (strain hardened)—all bolting material of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
reduction (cold work), finish, and size.
3.1.10.4 components, machined from bolting material—all bolting components machined from the same lot of bolting material
defined as outlined in either 3.1.10.1 or 3.1.10.2, above without any subsequent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.
3.1.10.5 components, heat treated in batch type furnaces—all bolting component items produced by any manufacturing process
(such as rolling, forging, or machining) from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior condition, the same size, and
subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge.
3.1.10.6 components, heat treated in continuous type furnaces—all bolting component items produced by any manufacturing
process (such as rolling, forging, or machining) from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior condition, of the same
size, and then subjected to the same heat treatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.
3.1.10.7 components, non heat treated (strain hardened)—all bolting components of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
reduction (cold work), finish, and size.
3.1.10.8 solution treat or treatment (or solution annealing)—material shall be heated to a temperature that causes the carbides
to go into solution and then quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent re-precipitation.
3.1.10.9 stress relieving—material shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature, held long enough to
reduce stresses and then cooled at a rate that will result in the properties required for the material grade and minimize the
development of new residual stresses.
3.1.10.10 strain hardened material—austenitic stainless steel material which has been subjected to cold working sufficient to
cause a significant increase in strength.
3.2 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all information necessary to purchase the needed material.
Examples of such information include, but are not limited, to the following:
4.1.1 Quantity and size,
4.1.2 Product specification number with grade, class, type, as applicable, and including the product specification year date,
4.1.3 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)
product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall be used as noted in Test
Methods A1058.
4.1.4 Any additional information required by the individual product specification,
4.1.5 Supplementary requirements,
A962/A962M − 23a
4.1.6 Additional requirements (see 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 7.4, 13.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.3, 13.5.2, 13.6, 15.8, and 19.1).
4.1.7 Additional ordering options provided in the individual product specification, and
4.1.8 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length, finish, shape, threads, etc.).
5. Melting Process
5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the following processes: basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting
(VIM). The molten steel may be vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strand casting.
5.2 Unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use of the basic oxygen
process shall be limited to grades containing less than 6 % chromium.
5.3 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, it shall be stated on the purchase order.
5.4 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting such as
electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remelted
from a single primary heat.
5.5 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast. When steel of different grades is continuously cast identification of
the resultant transition material is required. The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that
positively separates the grades. Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have the transition zone of two heats of the same grade
which are continuously cast discarded, the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53.
5.6 Quality—The steel producer quality control procedures shall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels in accordance
with Method E381 or other suitable method as agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assure the internal quality
of the product.
5.6.1 Ingot Cast Product—Visual examination of transverse sections shall show no imperfections worse than the macrographs of
Method E381 S2-R2-C3 or equivalent as agreed upon.
5.6.2 Strand Cast Product—Visual examination of traverse sections in accordance with Method E381 shall reveal none of the
conditions shown in macrographs 1-5, 7, 12-18 of Plate III. Conditions 6, 8-11 shall not be present to a degree greater than the
macrographs of Plates I and II, S2-R2-C3.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifications A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable. Finish (hot rolled or cold
drawn, rough turned, extruded, ground, or polished) shall be at the option of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified.
6.1.1 A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to ensure bars do not contain piping or segregation that precludes use of
the product to manufacture bolting meeting the requirements of the individual product specifications.
6.2 Bolting components shall be produced in accordance with the product specification.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 Chemical Analysis—Heat or product chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
A751.
7.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of those
elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be
A962/A962M − 23a
obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined
shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specification. Product analysis (check analysis) tolerances shall not be
applied to heat analysis requirements.
7.3 Product Analysis—When performed, by manufacturer, purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall be taken
from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between
center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined
shall conform to the limits of the product specification, within the permissible variations in Table 1, as appropriate for the grade
being supplied. When multiple samples are taken from the same lot for product analysis, individual elements shall not vary both
above and below the specified range.
7.4 For continuous cast materials the requirements of 8.2 or 8.3, as appropriate, of Specification A788/A788M shall be met.
7.5 Steels with intentional additions of lead, bismuth, or tellurium shall not be supplied or used. Steels with intentional additions
of selenium may only be supplied or used when specifically called out in the product specification.
7.6 The starting material shall not contain any unspecified elements, other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels, for the
ordered grade(s) to the extent that it then conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified
element having a required minimum content.
8. Mechanical Properties
8.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if the
inch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI units) is specified, unless otherwise specified.
8.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the product specification requirements, specimens shall be obtained from the
production material, or, in the case of forgings, from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished
product. Heat treatment shall be completed prior to removal of material for mechanical testing.
8.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be of the same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially the same reduction
and working as the production forging they represent, be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the same conditions
as the production forging, and be of the same nominal thickness as the maximum heat treated thickness of the production forging.
8.4 Bars—Tension and impact tests representing bar stock shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Annex A1 of Test
Methods and Definitions A370. Impact tests are not required on bars ⁄2 in. and under in diameter.
8.5 Components, Machined from Heat Treated Bar—Mechanical properties of bolting components machined from heat treated bar
shall be represented by the tests conducted on the bar in accordance with 8.4.
8.6 Components, All Classes—Produced by other methods—When bolting components have been produced by upsetting or
forging (hot or cold), when they have been subjected to heat treatment, or when the nominal thread size falls into a different
diameter range than that of the starting bar as shown in the applicable specifications, then tests shall be conducted on material taken
from those components.
8.6.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished components shall be machined to the form and dimensions and from the positions
shown in Annex A3 of Test Methods and Definitions A370 when inch-pounds are specified and to the form and dimension shown
in Test Methods F606/F606M when M suffix (SI units) is specified. Impact tests are not required on material from externally
threaded components when the thread diameter is ⁄2 in. and under.
9. Hardness Requirements
9.1 The material shall conform to the hardness requirements prescribed in the product specification. Hardness testing shall be
performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 when inch-pound units are specified or to the applicable track
of Test Methods A1058 if SI units are specified.
A962/A962M − 23a
A
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerance
B C
Low Alloy and Carbon Steel High Alloy and Stainless Steel
Limit or Maximum of Specified Permissible Variations Over Maximum Permissible Variations Over Maximum Limit
Element
Range, wt. % Limit or Under Minimum Limit, % or Under Minimum Limit, %
Carbon to 0.010, incl. 0.002
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl. 0.005
over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01
over 0.20 to 0.80, incl. 0.02
Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03
over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl. 0.05
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.06
Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010
Sulfur to 0.040 incl. 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. 0.02
Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.02 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.10
over 3.00 to 7.00, incl. 0.15
Chromium 0.90 and under 0.03
over 0.90 to 2.10, incl. 0.05
over 2.10 to 4.00, incl. 0.07
over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10
over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15
over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20
over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.25
Nickel to 1.00 incl. 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10
over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15
over 20.00 to 30.00 incl. 0.20
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl. 0.25
Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01
over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03
over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05
over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10
Titanium to 4.00, incl. 0.05
Niobium (Columbium) to 1.50, incl. 0.05
Tantalum to 0.10 incl. 0.02
Copper to 0.50, incl. 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl. 0.10
over 3.00 to 5.00, incl. 0.15
Cobalt 0.05 to 0.20 incl. 0.01
Nitrogen to 0.02, incl. 0.005
over 0.02 to 0.19 incl. 0.01
over 0.19 to 0.25 0.02
over 0.25 to 0.35 0.03
over 0.35 to 0.45 0.04
over 0.45 0.05
Aluminum to 0.15, incl. +0.01, −0.005
over 0.15 to 0.50, incl. 0.05
over 0.50 to 0.80, incl. 0.07
Vanadium to 0.10 incl. 0.01
over 0.10 to 0.25 incl. 0.02
over 0.25 to 0.50, incl. 0.03
minimum value specified, 0.01
under minimum limit only
Tungsten to 0.50, incl. 0.02
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.03
over 1.00 to 2.00, incl. 0.05
over 2.00 to 4.00, incl. 0.06
Cerium to 0.20, incl. 0.01
Zirconium to 0.01, incl. 0.005
Boron to 0.010, incl. 0.0005
over 0.010 to 0.07, incl. 0.005
Lead 0.15 to 0.35, incl. 0.03
A
This table does not apply to heat analysis.
B
Chromium content less than 4.00.
C
Chromium content 4.00 or greater.
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9.2 Tensile tests prevail over hardness tests in the event a conflict exists relative to minimum strength unless otherwise specified
in the product specification.
10. Tensile Requirements
10.1 Bars and Specimens Machined From Components—The bolting component material shall conform to the tensile property
requirements prescribed in the product specification.
10.1.1 When the dimensions of the component material to be tested will permit, the tension test specimens shall be machined to
the form and dimensions of the standard 2–in. [50–mm] gage length tension test specimen described in Test Methods and
Definitions A370 when inch-pound units are specified or the standard length tension test specimens described in the applicable
track of Test Methods A1058 if SI units are specified.
10.1.2 When the dimensions of the component material to be tested do not permit full size specimens, small size specimens
meeting the requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370 when inch-pound units are specified or the small size specimens
described in the applicable track of Test Methods A1058 if SI units are specified shall be used.
10.2 Testing of Full Size Components—Full size testing shall be as described in Test Methods and Definitions A370 when
inch-pound units are specified or as described in Test Methods F606/F606M when SI units are specified.
11. Proof Load and Cone Proof Requirements
11.1 Proof Load Test—Nuts shall be assembled on a threaded mandrel or a test bolt as illustrated in Fig. 1(a) Tension Method or
(b) Compression Method. The minimum proof load required by the product specification shall be applied using a free running cross
head speed of 1.0 in. [25 mm] per minute maximum and shall be held for at least 10 s. The nut shall resist this load without
stripping or rupture, and shall be removable by hand, without use of tooling, after the load is released. A wrench may be used to
loosen the nut one-half turn maximum to start it in motion. The test shall be discarded if the threads of the mandrel or test bolt
are damaged during the test.
11.1.1 Mandrels shall have a hardness of 45 HRC minimum with threads of the appropriate series and conforming to the
requirements of ASME B1.1 Class 3A or ASME B1.13M tolerance 4H except that the maximum major diameter shall be the
minimum major diameter plus 0.25 times the major diameter tolerance.
11.1.2 The test bolt shall have threads appropriate to the standard specified for the nut being tested and shall have a yield strength
in excess of the specified proof load of the nut being tested.
FIG. 1 Proof Load Testing—Nuts
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11.1.3 The mandrel/tension method shall be used when arbitration is required.
11.2 Cone Proof Load Test—This test is performed when visible surface discontinuities become a matter of issue. The test uses
a conical washer and threaded mandrel to determine the load-carrying ability of hardened steel nuts through 1 ⁄2 in. [36 mm] in
diameter assembled as shown in Fig. 2. The minimum cone proof load required by the product specification shall be applied using
a free running cross head speed of 0.12 in. [3 mm] per minute maximum and shall be held for at least 10 s. The nut shall support
its specified cone proof load without stripping or rupture.
11.2.1 Mandrels shall conform to the requirements of 11.1.1.
11.2.2 Conical washers shall have a hardness of 57 HRC minimum and a hole diameter equivalent to the nominal diameter of the
mandrel +0.002, -0.000 in. [+0.05 and -0.00 mm].
1 1
11.2.3 The contact point of the cone shall be sharp for nut sizes ⁄2 in. [12 mm] or less. For sizes over ⁄2 in. [12 mm], the point
shall be flat and 0.015 6 0.001 in. [0.38 + 0.03 mm] in width.
11.2.4 Cone proof loads may be determined as shown in Tables 2 and 3 when they are not specified in the product specification.
12. Impact Requirements
12.1 The material shall conform to the impact requirements prescribed in the product specification.
12.2 Sampling for impact testing shall conform to the product specification.
12.3 The impact test specimen shall have the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods and Definitions A370 for
the Charpy V-notch specimen, Type A when inch-pound units are specified or to the test specimens described in the applicable track
of Test Methods A1058 if SI units are specified. The longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the direction of rolling
or, in the case of forgings, to the longest axis of the component the test bar represents. The notch shall be located on the test
specimen surface which most clo
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