EN 14592:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14592:2009+A1:2012
Lesene konstrukcije - Paličasta vezna sredstva - Zahteve
Timber structures - Dowel-type fasteners - Requirements
Holzbauwerke - Stiftförmige Verbindungsmittel - Anforderungen
Structures en bois - Éléments de fixation de type tige - Exigences
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14592:2022
ICS:
21.060.01 Vezni elementi na splošno Fasteners in general
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 14592
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 21.060.01; 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 14592:2008+A1:2012
English Version
Timber structures - Dowel-type fasteners - Requirements
Structures en bois - Éléments de fixation de type tige - Holzbauwerke - Stiftförmige Verbindungsmittel -
Exigences Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 February 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14592:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms .10
4 General product characteristics – Testing, assessment and sampling method .11
4.1 Corrosion resistance .11
4.2 Low cycle ductility (seismic performance) .15
4.3 Reaction to fire .15
5 Product specific characteristics - Testing, assessment and sampling method .16
5.1 Nails .16
5.2 Staples .19
5.3 Screws.21
5.4 Dowels .26
5.5 Bolts and nuts .27
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance - AVCP .29
6.1 General .29
6.2 Assessment of performance .29
6.3 Verification of constancy of performance .37
Annex A (normative) Test methods for alternative coatings .48
Annex B (informative) Corrosivity of atmospheric environments and timber .52
Annex C (normative) Methods for measuring zinc thicknesses .56
Annex D (normative) Selection of test specimens – Specifications on wood density .57
Annex E (normative) Test to determine seismic performance.60
Annex F (normative) Characteristic withdrawal parameter for dowel-type fasteners with
Type 3 coating .65
Annex G (normative) Specifications for materials and geometry properties .67
Bibliography .78

European foreword
This document (EN 14592:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber
structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2022 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14592:2008+A1:2012.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
— new concepts concerning dimensions and tolerances, e.g. target diameter;
— improved categories for corrosion protection;
— new specifications on wood density for testing of connections with dowel-type fasteners;
— low cycle ductility classes (seismic performance) and related test method;
— axial stiffness, static ductility and torsional ratio for screws.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the characteristics of the following types of dowel-type fasteners:
— nails;
— staples;
— screws;
— dowels;
— bolts with nuts.
This document covers dowel-type fasteners for structural use in load bearing timber structures only. This
document covers also the following additional intended uses of the screws:
— to fix roof or cladding elements to the timber structure, with or without insulation layers; and
— as reinforcement inserted in timber or in a glue laminated timber element to improve its resistance
to compression perpendicular to the grain.
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured of either carbon steel or
stainless steel and which may be coated for the following purposes:
— corrosion protection (as Type 1 coating);
— lubrication, to facilitate insertion (as Type 2 coating);
— withdrawal enhancement and/or collation for nails and staples (adhesive and/or resin coatings) (as
Type 3 coating).
This document covers types of dowel-type fasteners, which are manufactured from materials and within
the specifications for their geometry related properties, only as they are specified for:
— nails (see G.1);
— staples (see G.2);
— screws (see G.3);
— dowels (see G.4); and
— bolts with nuts (see G.5).
This document specifies also the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP)
procedures of these characteristics and includes provisions for marking of dowel-type fasteners.
This document does not cover dowel-type fasteners treated with fire retardants to improve their fire
performance, nor does it cover glued-in rods.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 409:2009, Timber structures - Test methods - Determination of the yield moment of dowel type fasteners
EN 634-2:2007, Cement-bonded particleboards - Specifications - Part 2: Requirements for OPC bonded
particleboards for use in dry, humid and external conditions
EN 636:2012+A1:2015, Plywood - Specifications
EN 1382:2016, Timber Structures - Test methods - Withdrawal capacity of timber fasteners
EN 1383:2016, Timber structures - Test methods - Pull through resistance of timber fasteners
EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 1993-1-4:2006/A1:2015, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: General rules -
Supplementary rules for stainless steels
EN 1995-1-1:2004 , Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules
for buildings
EN 10025-2:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-
alloy structural steels
EN 10025-3:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
EN 10088-1:2014, Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 10088-2:2014, Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of
corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-3:2014, Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars,
rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-4:2009, Stainless steels - Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of
corrosion resisting steels for construction purposes
EN 10088-5:2009, Stainless steels - Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for bars, rods, wire, sections and
bright products of corrosion resisting steels for construction purposes
EN 10149-1:2013, Hot rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming - Part 1:
General technical delivery conditions
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents

As impacted by EN 1995-1-1:2004/A1:2008 and EN 1995-1-1:2004/A2:2014.
EN 10218-1:2012, Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 1: Test methods
EN 10277:2018, Bright steel products - Technical delivery conditions
EN 13501-1:2018, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification
using data from reaction to fire tests
EN 13986:2004+A1:2015, Wood-based panels for use in construction - Characteristics, evaluation of
conformity and marking
EN 14081-1:2016+A1:2019, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross
section - Part 1: General requirements
EN 14358:2016, Timber structures - Calculation and verification of characteristic values
EN 15737:2009, Timber Structures - Test methods - Torsional resistance of driving in screws
EN ISO 898-1:2013 , Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013)
EN ISO 898-2:2012, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 2: Nuts
with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2:2012)
EN ISO 1460:1994, Metallic coatings - Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials - Gravimetric
determination of the mass per unit area (ISO 1460:1992)
EN ISO 1463:2004, Metallic and oxide coatings - Measurement of coating thickness - Microscopical method
(ISO 1463:2003)
EN ISO 2081:2018, Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electroplated coatings of zinc with
supplementary treatments on iron or steel (ISO 2081:2018)
EN ISO 2178:2016, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates - Measurement of coating thickness -
Magnetic method (ISO 2178:2016)
EN ISO 3497:2000, Metallic coatings - Measurement of coating thickness - X-ray spectrometric methods
(ISO 3497:2000)
EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs (ISO 3506-1:2009)
EN ISO 4042:2018, Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042:2018)
EN ISO 6270-1:2018, Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 1: Condensation
(single-sided exposure) (ISO 6270-1:2017)
EN ISO 6892-1:2019, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO
6892-1:2019)
As impacted by EN ISO 898-1:2013/AC:2013.
EN ISO 8407:2014, Corrosion of metals and alloys - Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test
specimens (ISO 8407:2009)
EN ISO 8565:2011, Metals and alloys - Atmospheric corrosion testing - General requirements (ISO
8565:2011)
EN ISO 9226:2012, Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Determination of corrosion
rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity (ISO 9226:2012)
EN ISO 9227:2017, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2017)
EN ISO 10289:2001, Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic
substrates - Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests (ISO
10289:1999)
EN ISO 10666:1999, Drilling screws with tapping screw thread - Mechanical and functional properties (ISO
10666:1999)
EN ISO 10684:2004, Fasteners - Hot dip galvanized coatings (ISO 10684:2004)
EN ISO 11997-1:2017, Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions -
Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid (ISO 11997-1:2017)
EN ISO 16120-1:2017, Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire - Part 1: General requirements (ISO
16120-1:2017)
EN ISO 16120-2:2017, Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire - Part 2: Specific requirements for
general purpose wire rod (ISO 16120-2:2017)
EN ISO 16120-3:2011, Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire - Part 3: Specific requirements for
rimmed and rimmed substitute, low-carbon steel wire rod (ISO 16120-3:2011)
EN ISO 16120-4:2017, Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire - Part 4: Specific requirements for
wire rod for special applications (ISO 16120-4:2017)
EN ISO 21968:2019, Non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and non-metallic basis materials -
Measurement of coating thickness - Phase-sensitive eddy-current method (ISO 21968:2019)
ISO 965-1:2013, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 1: Principles and basic data
ISO 965-2:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 2: Limits of sizes for general
purpose external and internal screw threads - Medium quality
ISO 965-3:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 3: Deviations for
constructional screw threads
ISO 965-4:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 4: Limits of sizes for hot-dip
galvanized external screw threads to mate with internal screw threads tapped with tolerance position H or
G after galvanizing
As impacted by EN ISO 10684:2004/AC:2009.
ISO 965-5:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 5: Limits of sizes for internal
screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance
position h before galvanizing
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1995-1-1:2004 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
smooth shank nail
nail that has a constant cross-section along its entire length
EXAMPLE Round, square or grooved.
3.1.2
ring shank nail
nail that has a profiled shank along a part of its length
EXAMPLE Ringed or twisted.
Note 1 to entry: The profiled length l is defined in Figure G.1 b).
g
3.1.3
staple crown width
distance between the outer edges of the staple legs
3.1.4
dowel
cylindrical metal fastener that does not contain an integral head
3.1.5
bolt
cylindrical metal fastener consisting of a screw part and a nut part
3.1.6
nominal diameter
cross-sectional dimension of a dowel-type fastener for the determination of a load bearing capacity
Note 1 to entry: Nails: for smooth shank nails, spiral rolled nails or annular ring shank nails, d is the outer cross-
sectional diameter of the round nail wire, or the side length dimension of the cross-section for a square nail, for all
other profiled nails, d is the cross-sectional diameter of the original wire rod, from which the profiled nail has been
produced.
Note 2 to entry: Staples: d is the diameter of a round rod with the same area as that of the cross-sectional area of
one leg of the staple. See G.2 for exceptions.
Note 3 to entry: Screws: d is the outer thread diameter.
Note 4 to entry: Dowels: d is the diameter.
Note 5 to entry: Bolts: d is the nominal diameter of the threaded part of the screw.
3.1.7
target diameter
diameter used to declare the nominal diameter of screws intended for use in load bearing timber
structures as specified in G.3
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of both production specifications and applicability, screws may only be
produced allowing some tolerances. Thus for production purposes these tolerances are measured on the target
diameter, d .
t
3.1.8
inner thread diameter
inner diameter of the thread of a screw
Note 1 to entry: The inner diameter is used in EN 1995-1-1:2004 to determine the effective diameter for laterally
loaded screws.
3.1.9
stiffness
force for a unit deformation
3.1.10
coating type
the purpose of a coating is defined as follows:
— Type 1 coating: corrosion protection, with either pure zinc coating or hot-dipped galvanized coating
or alternative coatings;
— Type 2 coating: lubrication, to facilitate insertion;
— Type 3 coating: withdrawal enhancement and/or collation for nails and staples (adhesive and/or
resin coatings)
Note 1 to entry: A coating can serve more than one purpose, i.e. for staples the coating is both adhesive and serves
collation purposes.
3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in EN 1995-1-1:2004 and the
following apply:
A percentage elongation (%)
A nail head area (mm )
h
A staple leg cross-sectional area (mm )
s
b staple crown width (mm)
R
d nominal diameter (mm)
d head diameter (mm)
h
d diameter of the smooth shank of a screw (mm)
s
t
target diameter (mm)
d
d inner thread diameter; inner diameter of fluting (mm)
i
d secondary thread diameter (mm)
f characteristic withdrawal parameter (N/mm )
ax,k
f characteristic head pull-through parameter (N/mm )
head,k
F characteristic tensile capacity (N)
tens,k
f characteristic tensile yield stress (N/mm )
y,tens,k
f tensile strength of the wire (N/mm )
u
h nail head thickness (mm)
t
L nominal dowel-type fastener length (mm)
l length of profiling/threading (mm)
g
l length of the secondary profiling/threading (mm)
g,1
l length of the nail point (mm)
p
M characteristic yield moment (N.mm)
y,Rk
M characteristic torsional moment capacity (N.mm)
tor,Rk
o
α
bend angle ( )
o
α
bend angle under cyclic loading ( )
c
ρ characteristic timber density when conditioned to constant mass at 20 °C and 65 %
k
relative humidity (kg/m )
ω moisture content
As impacted by EN 1995-1-1:2004/A1:2008 and EN 1995-1-1:2004/A2:2014.
4 General product characteristics – Testing, assessment and sampling method
4.1 Corrosion resistance
4.1.1 General
Dowel-type fasteners shall withstand corrosion exposure of both the timber and the atmosphere for the
design service life. Pure zinc coated and hot-dipped galvanized coated dowel-type fasteners shall be
assigned to a T-category and C-category in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2. Stainless steel dowel-
type fasteners shall be assigned to a category for corrosion resistance in atmosphere expressed by a
Corrosion Resistance Class (CRC) and a T-category in accordance with Table 3 and Table 4. Alternative
coated dowel-type fasteners shall be assigned to a T-category and C-category in accordance with Table 5
and Table 6.
The T-category refers to the fastener resistance with respect corrosion caused by the timber. The
C-category and CRC refers to the fastener resistance with respect corrosion caused by the atmosphere.
The design service life is generally assumed to be 50 years for T-categories, C-categories and CRC. In
addition, for alternative coated dowel-type fasteners to be used in structures with shorter service life or
in replaceable structural parts, additional T-categories and C-categories with a design service life of
15 years are provided in Clause 4.1.4.
NOTE Advices on appropriate categories specification are given in Annex B.
4.1.2 Pure zinc coating and hot-dipped galvanized coating
4.1.2.1 Determination
The specifications to achieve a category of corrosion resistance with respect to timber and atmospheres
shall be determined in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. The corrosion protection stated
in these tables is assumed to secure a design service life of 50 years.
4.1.2.2 Evaluation
The zinc thicknesses shall be measured in accordance with Annex C. The mean value of the coating
thickness, measured in accordance with Annex C, shall be greater than or equal to the thickness specified
by the manufacturer.
The zinc layer thickness of Table 1 and Table 2 may be reduced when a protective layer is applied. For
applications in C2 atmospheres, CrIII passivation may reduce the required coating thickness by 25 %, and
with CrVI passivation the required coating thickness may be reduced by 50 %.
4.1.2.3 Expression
The corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners made of pure zinc coated carbon steel or hot-dipped
galvanized coated carbon steel shall be expressed according to Table 1 and Table 2, giving the dowel-type
fastener a corrosion resistance category for both timber and atmosphere. The indication of the categories
implies fulfilment with the provisions for corrosion resistance.
EXAMPLE 1 T3/C3.
Table 1 — Categories for corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners in timber — Minimum
thicknesses for pure zinc coating and hot-dipped galvanized coating
Timber category T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Zinc thickness on
– 10 μm 20 μm 55 μm n.a.
carbon steel
Table 2 — Categories for corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners in atmospheres —
Minimum thicknesses for pure zinc coating and hot-dipped galvanized coating
Atmosphere
C1 C2nw C2w C3 C4 C5
category
Zinc thickness on
– 10 μm 20 μm 55 μm 110 μm n.a.
carbon steel
NOTE The minimum zinc thicknesses are based on the upper limit of the average steady corrosion rate for zinc
in the first 20 years of EN ISO 9224:2012 and linearly extended to 50 years.
4.1.3 Stainless steel
4.1.3.1 Determination
The specifications to achieve a category of corrosion resistance with respect to atmospheres shall be
determined in accordance with Table 3. The specifications to achieve a category of corrosion resistance
with respect to timber shall be determined in accordance with Table 4. The corrosion protection stated
in these tables is assumed to secure a design service life of 50 years.
4.1.3.2 Evaluation
The assignment of stainless steel grades to CRC is given in Table 3.
4.1.3.3 Expression
The corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners made of stainless steel shall be expressed giving the
dowel-type fastener a corrosion resistance category for timber according to Table 4 and a CRC for
atmospheric corrosivity according to Table 3.
In addition, either the steel number according to EN 10088-1:2014 or steel grade according to
EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Table 1 may be added. The indication of the T-category and the CRC class implies
fulfilment with the provisions for corrosion resistance.
EXAMPLE 1 T3/CRC II.
EXAMPLE 2 T3/C3 (1.4567); T3/CII (A2).
Table 3 — Stainless steel grades assigned to Corrosion Resistance Classes
Corrosion Resistance Class Steel number according to
EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Table 1
(CRC) EN 10088-1:2014
1.4301 A2
1.4307 A2
1.4567 A2
1.4541 A3
CRC II
1.4318 -
1.4306 -
1.4311 -
1.4482 -
Corrosion Resistance Class Steel number according to
EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Table 1
(CRC) EN 10088-1:2014
1.4401 A4
1.4404 A4
1.4578 A4
1.4571 A5
1.4362 –
CRC III 1.4062 –
1.4162 –
1.4662 –
1.4429 -
1.4432 -
1.4435 -
1.4439 –
CRC IV 1.4462 –
1.4539 –
1.4565 –
1.4529 –
1.4547 –
CRC V
1.4410 -
1.4501 -
1.4507 -
NOTE Classes are in accordance with EN 1993-1-4:2006/A1:2015, Annex A.
Table 4 — Categories for corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners in timber — Minimum
specifications for stainless steel
Timber category T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Corrosion
Resistance Class – – CRC II CRC III CRC III
for stainless steel
4.1.4 Alternative coatings
4.1.4.1 Determination
The specifications to achieve a category of corrosion resistance with respect to timber and atmospheres
shall be determined in accordance with Table 5 and Table 6, respectively. The corrosion protection stated
in these tables is assumed to secure a design service life of 50 years unless otherwise specified.
Alternative coated dowel-type fasteners satisfying test procedure according to A.2.1 shall be assigned to
classes T3 and C2w.
Alternative coated dowel-type fasteners satisfying test procedure according to A.3.1 shall be assigned to
classes T4 and C3.
Alternative coated dowel-type fasteners with coating made of inorganic materials with or without an
organic top coat satisfying test procedure according to A4.1.4 shall be assigned to classes T3(15) and
C4(15) or T2 and C2nw. Note that T3(15) and C4(15) assume to secure a design service life of 15 years.
Alternative coated dowel-type fasteners with coating made of organic materials with or without an
organic top coat satisfying test procedure according to A4.2.3 shall be assigned to classes T3(15) and
C4(15) or T2 and C2nw. Note that T3(15) and C4(15) assume to secure a design service life of 15 years.
4.1.4.2 Evaluation
For alternative coated dowel-type fasteners assigned to categories T3 and C2w the evaluation is defined
in A.2.2.
For alternative coated dowel-type fasteners assigned to categories T4 and C3 the evaluation is defined in
A.3.2.
For alternative coated dowel-type fasteners with coating made of inorganic materials with or without an
organic top coat assigned to classes T3(15) and C4(15) or T2 and C2nw the evaluation is defined in
A.4.1.5.
For alternative coated dowel-type fasteners with coating made of organic coatings with or without an
organic top coat assigned to classes T3(15) and C4(15) or T2 and C2nw the evaluation is defined in
A.4.2.3.
4.1.4.3 Expression
The corrosion resistance category of dowel-type fasteners made of alternative coated steel shall be
expressed according to Table 5 and Table 6, giving the dowel-type fastener a corrosion resistance
category for both timber and atmosphere. The indication of the categories implies fulfilment with the
provisions for corrosion resistance.
EXAMPLE 4 T3(15)/C4(15).
Table 5 — Categories for corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners in timber — Minimum
specifications for alternative coatings
Timber category T1 T2 T3(15) T3 T4 T5
Annex A Annex A Annex A Annex A
Alternative
– n.a.
coatings
A.4 A.4 A.2 A.3
Table 6 — Categories for corrosion resistance of dowel-type fasteners in atmospheres —
Minimum specifications for alternative coatings
Atmosphere
C1 C2nw C2w C3 C4(15) C4 C5
category
Annex A Annex A Annex A Annex A
Alternative
– n.a. n.a.
coatings
A.4 A.2 A.3 A.4
4.2 Low cycle ductility (seismic performance)
Dowel-type fasteners for use in seismic regions shall be assigned to one of the low cycle ductility classes
0,7
given in Table 7 where α is the minimum required bending angle under cyclic loading and α is 45/d
c
degrees (where d is in mm). Products shall be tested according to Annex E to ensure that the required
value of α is achieved.
c
NOTE The level of seismic performance increases from S1 to S3.
Table 7 — Minimum values of bending angle αc for the classification of dowel-type fasteners into
low cycle ductility classes
Low cycle ductility classes Minimum value of bending angle under cyclic
loading, α (°)
c
S1 1,0 α ≤ α < 1,5 α
c
S2 1,5 α ≤ α < 2,0 α
c
S3 α ≥ 2,0 α
c
4.3 Reaction to fire
4.3.1 General
The reaction to fire indicates the degree of contribution of the material to the behaviour of the
construction product in the event of fire. Reaction to fire performance of a dowel-type fastener shall be
based on the reaction to fire performance of its constituent materials and shall be expressed as one of the
following reaction to fire classes, according to EN 13501-1:2018:
a) class A1, without testing (WT), for inorganic materials, when meeting the criteria specified in 4.3.2 ;
or otherwise,
b) class, defined according to the result of testing of the organic material(s), for which the dowel-type
fastener is made of or its surface coated with, according to the standard(s) referred to in
EN 13501-1:2018, as specified in 4.3.3.
4.3.2 Classification without testing (WT)
The reaction to fire performance of a dowel-type fastener shall be expressed according to
EN 13501-1:2018 as Class A1 , without testing, provided that:
a) each of the constituent material(s) that the dowel-type fastener is made of, contains not more than
1 % of homogeneously distributed organic material, by mass or volume (whichever is the most
onerous) (e.g. for uncoated steel and stainless steel); and
b) any external coating, if applied over the surface area of the dowel-type fastener, is made on inorganic
material(s), which is/are also classified as Class A1 (e.g. for zinc coated steel, …).

5 See Decision of the Commission 96/603/EC of 1996-10-04 (see OJEU L 267 of 1996-10-19), as twice amended
by 2000/605/EC of 2000-09-26 (see OJEU L 258 of 2000-10-12) and by 2003/424/EC of 2003-06-06 (see OJEU
L 144 of 2003-06-12).
4.3.3 Classification according to the test results
For the reaction to fire performance of a dowel-type fastener each of its constituent organic material(s),
including those in surface coating of the fastener, if any, shall be assessed regarding its reaction to fire
classification according to EN 13501-1:2018 and only the lowest class of such materials shall be
expressed.
The reaction to fire class of an individual constituent organic material shall be obtained as the result of
the test method(s), relevant to the class claimed and as specified in the standards, referred to in
EN 13501-1:2018. Test specimens used for the test methods, applicable for this classification, shall be
prepared according to the relevant standards.
A constituent organic material of the dowel-type fastener, including those used in its surface coating, if
any, is considered as the “external non-substantial component” material.
5 Product specific characteristics - Testing, assessment and sampling method
5.1 Nails
5.1.1 Mechanical strength and stiffness
5.1.1.1 General
5.1.1.1.1 The following characteristics are applicable for assessing the mechanical strength and
stiffness of nails:
a) characteristic yield moment;
b) characteristic withdrawal parameter;
c) characteristic head pull-through parameter;
d) characteristic tensile capacity;
e) low cycle ductility (seismic performance).
5.1.1.1.2 For the purposes of strength, the characteristic values shall be determined either by:
i) testing in accordance with the standard or annex, identified in the subsequent subclauses, followed
by calculation in accordance with EN 1990:2002, Annex D for 5.1.1.1.1, a), d), e) or EN 14358:2016
for 5.1.1.1.1, b), c);
ii) by calculation using relevant formulae, given in EN 1995-1-1:2004 .
NOTE For the purposes of strength calculations for nailed joints, the nail diameter is taken as the nominal
diameter, d, measured in accordance with G.1.

6 See Item 2 in Annex to Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364 of 2015-07-01 (see OJEU L 68 of
2016-03-15).
As impacted by EN 1995-1-1:2004/A1:2008 and EN 1995-1-1:2004/A2:2014.
5.1.1.1.3 For the purposes of stiffness (bending angle α) the characteristic yield moment M shall be
y,Rk
determined either by:
i) testing in accordance with the standard or annex, identified in the subsequent subclauses, followed
by calculation in accordance with EN 1990:2002, Annex D;
ii) by calculation using relevant formulae, given in EN 1995-1-1:2004 .
5.1.1.2 Characteristic yield moment
NOTE See 5.1.1.1.1, a).
5.1.1.2.1 For smooth shank nails, with round or square cross-section, uncoated or coated, the
characteristic yield moment M shall be determined either by:
y,Rk
a) 5.1.1.1.3, i) where test is based on EN 409:2009 (testing and calculation); or
b) 5.1.1.1.3, ii), (calculation).
5.1.1.2.2 For all other types of nail, including ring shank nails, coated or uncoated, the characteristic
yield moment M shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.1.3, i), where test is based on
y,Rk
EN 409:2009 (testing and calculation). For ring shank nails the characteristic yield moment M shall
y,Rk
be determined for the weakest part.
5.1.1.2.3 Performance of the characteristic yield moment M shall be expressed as value in Nmm.
y,Rk
The expression of the value of M implies compliance with the requirement M ≤ characteristic value
y,Rk y,Rk
from testing or calculated value.
5.1.1.3 Characteristic withdrawal parameter
NOTE See 5.1.1.1.1, b)
5.1.1.3.1 For smooth shank nails, uncoated or coated with Type 1 or Type 2 coatings, the characteristic
withdrawal parameter f shall be determined either by:
ax,k
a) 5.1.1.1.2, i), where test is based on EN 1382:2016, (testing and calculation); or
b) 5.1.1.1.2, ii) (calculation).
Test specimens shall be selected according to the provisions of Annex D, replacing those of EN 1382:2016.
If necessary, when testing according to EN 1382:2016 the measured value of the characteristic
withdrawal parameter shall be corrected for the wood densities in accordance with Annex D.
5.1.1.3.2 For all other types of nail, including ring shank nails, uncoated or coated with Type 1 or Type
shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.1.2,
2 coatings, the characteristic withdrawal parameter f
ax,k
i), where test is based on EN 1382:2016, (testing and calculation).
Test specimens shall be selected according to the provisions of Annex D, replacing those of EN 1382:2016.
If necessary, when testing according to EN 1382:2016 the measured value of the characteristic
withdrawal parameter shall be corrected for the wood densities in accordance with Annex D.
5.1.1.3.3 For nails with the Type 3 coating, the characteristic withdrawal parameter f shall be
ax,k
determined in accordance with Annex F, (testing and calculation).
5.1.1.3.4 Performance of the characteristic withdrawal parameter f shall be expressed as value in
ax,k
N/mm together with the value of the associated characteristic timber or wood-based product density ρ
k
in kg/m. The expression of the value of f implies compliance with the requirement
ax,k
f ≤ characteristic value from testing or calculated value.
ax,k
5.1.1.4 Characteristic head pull-through parameter
NOTE See 5.1.1.1.1, c).
5.1.1.4.1 For smooth shank nails, uncoated or coated, the characteristic head pull-through parameter
f shall be determined either by:
head,k
a) 5.1.1.1.2, i), where test is based on EN 1383:2016, (testing and calculation); or
b) 5.1.1.1.2, ii) (calculation).
Test specimens shall be selected according to the provisions of Annex D, replacing those of EN 1382:2016.
If necessary, when testing according to EN 1383:2016 the measured value of the characteristic head pull-
through parameter shall be corrected for the wood densities in accordance with Annex D.
5.1.1.4.2 For all other types of nail, including ring shank nails, uncoated or coated, the characteristic
head pull-through parameter f shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.1.2, i), where test is
head,k
based on EN 1383:2016, (testing and calculation).
Test specimens shall be selected according to the provisions of Annex D, replacing those of EN 1382:2016.
If necessary, when testing according to EN 1383:2016 the measured value of the characteristic head pull-
through parameter shall be corrected for the wood densities in accordance with Annex D.
5.1.1.4.3 Performance of the characteristic head pull-through parameter f shall be expressed as
head,k
value in N/mm together with the value of the associated characteristic timber or wood-based product
density ρ in kg/m . The expression of the value of f implies compliance with the requirement
k head,k
f ≤ characteristic value from testing or calculated value.
head,k
5.1.1.5 Characteristic tensile capacity
NOTE See 5.1.1.1.1, d).
5.1.1.5.1 For any types of nail, uncoated or coated, the characteristic tensile capacity F (head pull-
tens,k
off or shank tensile capacity) shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.1.2, i), where test is based on
EN 1383:2016, accounting for the following modifications (testing with calculation):
— use a steel plate to replace the head side timber member shown in Figure 4 of EN 1383:2016. The
steel plate shall be of sufficient thickness to induce either a pull-off failure of the head, or a tensile
failure of the shank and shall contain a pre-drilled hole for the nail which shall not exceed the
maximum outer diameter of the nail + 1 mm in diameter;
— for partially profiled nails, the area of transition from the profiled to the smooth part of the shank
shall be located within the free length of testing and shall have a clear distance from the jaws of the
testing equipment of at least 3 d;
— the rate of loading shall be chosen so that the failure load (ultimate load) is reached within 10 s ± 5 s.
Description of the mode and location of failure should be reported.
5.1.1.5.2 Performance of the characteristic tensile capacity F shall be expressed as value in N. The
tens,k
expression of the value of F implies compliance with the requirement F ≤ characteristic value
tens,k tens,k
from testing.
5.1.1.6 Low cycle ductility (seismic performance)
NOTE See 5.1.1.1.1, e).
5.1.1.6.1 For the purpose of assessing the seismic performance of any types of nail, uncoated or coated,
the following two moment capacities shall be determined in accordance with the method given in
Annex E, (testing with calculation)
a) reference mean yield moment capacity, determined on samples of the same batch by monotonic
tests;
b) residual moment capacity, determined after three fully reversed cycles carried out at the value of the
selected angle α considering that:
c
— for smooth shank nails, the cross section subjected to bending shall be in the middle part;
— for ring shank nails, the cross section subjected to bending shall be in the profiled part.
5.1.1.6.2 At the value of the selected α , the residual moment capacity of the nail shall be at least 80 %
c
of the mean yield moment capacity.
5.1.1.6.3 The seismic performance shall be expressed as one of the low cycle ductility classes (S1 to
S3), according to Table 8 in 4.2. Smooth shank non-hardened nails may be assumed to fulfil low cycle
ductility Class S1 without testing. The expression of the low cycle ductility class implies compliance with
the specifications for that class.
5.2 Staples
5.2.1 Mechanical strength and stiffness
5.2.1.1 General
5.2.1.1.1 The following characteristic are applicable for assessing the mechanical strength and stiffness
of staples:
a) characteristic yield moment;
b) characteristic withdrawal parameter;
c) characteristic head pull-through parameter;
d) low cycle ductility (seismic performance).
5.2.1.1.2 For the purposes of strength, the characteristic values shall be determined either by:
i) testing in accordance with the standard or annex, identified in the subsequent subclauses, followed
by calculation in accordance with EN 1990:2002, Annex D for 5.2.1.1.1, a), d), or EN 1
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