27.075 - Hydrogen technologies
ICS 27.075 Details
Hydrogen technologies
Technologies de l'hydrogene
Tehnologija vodika
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 27.075 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Hydrogen technologies". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 68 standards classified under ICS 27.075 (Hydrogen technologies). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides guidance to relevant product standards, for compatibility assessment and qualification of materials for equipment used in commercial, industrial installations including gas burners, gas burning appliances and fuel gas infrastructures that are:
— fed by admixture of natural gas and hydrogen (blending) or pure hydrogen;
— operated at pressure greater than 10 bar (1 MPa) and up to 100 bar (10 MPa);
—operated within a temperature range of −20° C to +60 °C;
NOTE 1 Temperature range outside of −20° to +60°C can be considered after risk assessment by the manufacturer, in compliance with relevant product standard and the requirements specified in this document.
Except for critical equipment, where hydrogen requirements and material compatibility are defined by relevant specific, national and international product standard, according to CEN/TR 17924 and CEN/TR 17797, no specific requirements are necessary, as detailed in this document (see also Figure 1), under the following conditions:
— for a homogeneous mixture of natural gas and hydrogen with a hydrogen content not exceeding 10 % by volume, at operating pressures up to 100 bar (10 MPa); or
— for operating pressures up to 10 bar (1 MPa) with a hydrogen content up to 100 % by volume.
— Equipment is classified as critical when it’s subjected to fatigue or specific mechanical stress due to specific operating conditions and applications (i.e. compression and pumping station, specific industrial installations, fuel tanks for vehicles, …).
This document represents minimum requirements and does not restrict the use of better procedures or materials.
The following items are detailed in this document:
— metallic materials;
— non-metallic materials;
— validation tests.
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors.
GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable:
— receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle);
— nozzle;
— communication hardware.
This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s.
This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance to relevant product standards, for compatibility assessment and qualification of materials for equipment used in commercial, industrial installations including gas burners, gas burning appliances and fuel gas infrastructures that are:
— fed by admixture of natural gas and hydrogen (blending) or pure hydrogen;
— operated at pressure greater than 10 bar (1 MPa) and up to 100 bar (10 MPa);
—operated within a temperature range of −20° C to +60 °C;
NOTE 1 Temperature range outside of −20° to +60°C can be considered after risk assessment by the manufacturer, in compliance with relevant product standard and the requirements specified in this document.
Except for critical equipment, where hydrogen requirements and material compatibility are defined by relevant specific, national and international product standard, according to CEN/TR 17924 and CEN/TR 17797, no specific requirements are necessary, as detailed in this document (see also Figure 1), under the following conditions:
— for a homogeneous mixture of natural gas and hydrogen with a hydrogen content not exceeding 10 % by volume, at operating pressures up to 100 bar (10 MPa); or
— for operating pressures up to 10 bar (1 MPa) with a hydrogen content up to 100 % by volume.
— Equipment is classified as critical when it’s subjected to fatigue or specific mechanical stress due to specific operating conditions and applications (i.e. compression and pumping station, specific industrial installations, fuel tanks for vehicles, …).
Figure 1 — Operating conditions
This document represents minimum requirements and does not restrict the use of better procedures or materials.
The following items are detailed in this document:
— metallic materials;
— non-metallic materials;
— validation tests.
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors.
GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable:
— receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle);
— nozzle;
— communication hardware.
This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s.
This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations used in the fields related to hydrogen in energy systems.
This document is not applicable to the following fields:
— biological methanation,
— reactors for hydrogen production from other sources,
— road, maritime and aviation transport,
— aeronautics and space.
Note These fields are foreseen to be covered in future editions of this document.
This document does not apply to carbon capture, storage and utilisation, as well as services.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors. GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable: - receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle); - nozzle; - communication hardware. This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s. This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard59 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document establishes the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations used in the fields related to hydrogen in energy systems.
This document is not applicable to the following fields:
— biological methanation,
— reactors for hydrogen production from other sources,
— road, maritime and aviation transport,
— aeronautics and space.
Note These fields are foreseen to be covered in future editions of this document.
This document does not apply to carbon capture, storage and utilisation, as well as services.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations used in the fields related to hydrogen in energy systems. This document is not applicable to the following fields: - biological methanation, - reactors for hydrogen production from other sources, - road, maritime and aviation transport, - aeronautics and space. Note These fields are foreseen to be covered in future editions of this document. This document does not apply to carbon capture, storage and utilisation, as well as services.
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- Standard43 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard52 pagesRussian languagesale 15% off
Scope of CEN/TS 15502-3-1
EN 15502-2-1:2022, Clause 1 applies with the following modifications:
Add after k):
l) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with an Adaptive Combustion Control Function (ACCF) that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed gas is likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance including gas grids for natural gases of the second family where up to 20% hydrogen volume is added to the natural gas (H2NG-Y20).
m) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with a Pneumatic Gas Air Ratio controller (PGAR) that are intended to be connected to gas grids for natural gases of the second family where up to 20% hydrogen volume is added to the natural gas (H2NG-Y20), where the quality of the distributed gas without adding the hydrogen is not likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance.
Replace ab) and ak) and al) by the following:
ab) appliances that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed gas is likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance (see Annex AB of EN 15502-1:2021), except for fully premixed appliances with a ACCF, as ACCF appliances are designed to adapt to variations in gas quality.
ak) appliances that are intended to burn natural gases of the second family where hydrogen is added to the natural gas, except for fully premixed appliances with a ACCF or PGAR (which are covered by this document);
al) Partially premixed appliances equipped with an adaptive combustion control function (ACCF).
- Technical specification59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the minimum quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel as distributed for utilization in residential, commercial, industrial, vehicular and stationary applications. This document is applicable to hydrogen fuelling applications, which are listed in Table 2.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies minimum requirements for pressure relief devices intended for use on hydrogen fuelled vehicle fuel containers that comply with ISO 19881, IEC 62282-4-101, CSA/ANSI HGV 2, EC79/EU406, SAE J2579, UN ECE R134, or the UN GTR No. 13. The applicability of this document is limited to thermally activated pressure relief devices installed on fuel containers containing gaseous hydrogen according to ISO 14687 for fuel cell and internal combustion land vehicles. This document specifies requirements for thermally activated pressure relief devices acceptable for use on-board the following types of land vehicles: - light-duty vehicles; - heavy-duty vehicles; - industrial powered trucks, such as forklifts and other material handling vehicles. Requirements for other types of land vehicles such as rail, off-road, etc., can be derived with due consideration of appropriate service conditions. This document does not apply to reseating, resealing, or pressure-activated devices. Pressure relief devices can be of any design or manufacturing method that meets the requirements of this document.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes requirements for newly produced compressed hydrogen gas fuel system components, as listed below, that are intended for use on hydrogen gas powered land vehicles: a) check valves (see Clause 8); b) manual valves (see Clause 9); c) manual container valves (see Clause 10); d) automatic valves and automatic container valves (see Clause 11); e) hydrogen injectors (see Clause 12); f) pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges (see Clause 13); g) pressure regulators (see Clause 14); h) pressure relief valves (PRV) (see Clause 15); i) pressure relief devices (PRD) (see Clause 16, and refer to ISO 19882); j) excess flow valves (see Clause 17); k) gastight housing and leakage capture passages (see Clause 18); l) rigid fuel lines (see Clause 19); m) flexible fuel lines, hoses, and hose assemblies (see Clause 20); n) filter assemblies (see Clause 21); o) fittings (see Clause 22); p) non-metallic, low-pressure rigid fuel lines (see Clause 23); q) discharge line closures (see Clause 24). NOTE Other components not specifically identified here can be examined to meet the criteria of ISO 19887-1 and tested according to the appropriate functional needs. This document applies to components that have a nominal working pressure, as specified by the manufacturer, of 25 MPa, 35 MPa, 50 MPa, or 70 MPa at 15 °C, referred to in this document as the following pressure classes: a) “H25” – 25 MPa; b) “H35” – 35 MPa; c) “H50” – 50 MPa; and d) “H70” – 70 MPa. Other nominal working pressures for hydrogen gas besides those defined can be used if the qualification test requirements of this document are met. This document also applies to components downstream of the first stage of pressure reduction with a maximum operating pressure designated by the manufacturer in MPa or kPa. This document does not apply to the following: a) hydrogen gas fuel system components incorporated during the manufacture of motor vehicles originally manufactured in compliance with the international regulations on hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, such as UN GTR No. 13, UN Regulation No. 134, UN Regulation No. 146, or IEC 62282-4-101; b) fuel containers; c) stationary power generation applications; d) container mounting hardware; e) electronic fuel management; f) refuelling receptacles; or g) components intended for liquid hydrogen.
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Scope of CEN/TS 15502-3-1
EN 15502-2-1:2022, Clause 1 applies with the following modifications:
Add after k):
l) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with an Adaptive Combustion Control Function (ACCF) that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed gas is likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance including gas grids for natural gases of the second family where up to 20% hydrogen volume is added to the natural gas (H2NG-Y20).
m) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with a Pneumatic Gas Air Ratio controller (PGAR) that are intended to be connected to gas grids for natural gases of the second family where up to 20% hydrogen volume is added to the natural gas (H2NG-Y20), where the quality of the distributed gas without adding the hydrogen is not likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance.
Replace ab) and ak) and al) by the following:
ab) appliances that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed gas is likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance (see Annex AB of EN 15502-1:2021), except for fully premixed appliances with a ACCF, as ACCF appliances are designed to adapt to variations in gas quality.
ak) appliances that are intended to burn natural gases of the second family where hydrogen is added to the natural gas, except for fully premixed appliances with a ACCF or PGAR (which are covered by this document);
al) Partially premixed appliances equipped with an adaptive combustion control function (ACCF).
- Technical specification59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document addresses the design and development of fuelling protocols for compressed hydrogen gas dispensing to vehicles with compressed hydrogen storage of fuel. The document does not address dispensing of compressed hydrogen gas to vehicles with hydride-based hydrogen storage systems as well as the dispensing of liquefied or cryo-compressed hydrogen. This document is intended to be used for a wide range of applications including, but not limited to, the following: - light, medium, and heavy-duty road vehicles, - motor bicycles and tricycles, carts, and trailers, - off-road vehicles, - fork-lift and other industrial trucks, - rail locomotives and powered cars, - airplanes and drones, and - maritime ships, boats, and barges. This document applies to a wide spectrum of development situations ranging from companies developing a fuelling protocol for their specific products or applications to standards development organizations (SDOs) developing a consensus-based fuelling protocol for a broad segment of the industrial or commercial market. Additionally, combinations between the two extremes are possible, where, for example, companies start design and development as a way of defining a proposal for new work by an SDO to complete development and publish the document as a consensus-based standard (including technical justification for compliance to this document). This document defines requirements for the design and development of the fuelling protocols. These requirements can be integrated into the existing design and development processes to ensure that the fuelling protocol is fully verified and that the generated documentation is sufficient for the proper implementation and safe use of the fuelling protocols in dispensing systems for the targeted application. In addition to addressing the design and development of fuelling protocols for general applications, Annex A provides specific requirements and information relative to fuelling protocols for road vehicles at public fuelling stations based on ISO 19880-1.
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This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
This document applies to hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen to vehicles compliant with UN R134 (Regulation No. 134), UN R134 or Regulation (EC) No 79/2009.
NOTE 1 Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880 1:2020.
NOTE 2 Units used in this document follow SI (International System of Units).
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
This document applies to hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen to vehicles compliant with UN R134 (Regulation No. 134), UN R134 or Regulation (EC) No 79/2009.
NOTE 1 Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880 1:2020.
NOTE 2 Units used in this document follow SI (International System of Units).
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the quality of gaseous hydrogen, i.e. its parameters and limiting values, to be transmitted, injected into and extracted from storages, distributed and utilized in fully and/or partially rededicated gas infrastructure and connected applications in a safe way.
This document gives evidence to the end-user which minimum exit hydrogen quality can be expected and ensured from natural gas infrastructure as minimum requirement and without further purification.
NOTE 1 The rededicated gas infrastructure can include new parts of this infrastructure constructed/added after the conversion of the natural gas grid.
NOTE 2 It is expected that over time the hydrogen delivered through such pipework will improve in quality, e.g. due to the increase in share of high purity hydrogen produced by electrolysis This will be taken into account in further development of this document.
- Technical specification12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA. a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product. b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems. Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1] There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock. This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers: - hydrogen liquefaction; - production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier; - hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate. It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods. This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction). This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).
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This document defines the quality of gaseous hydrogen, i.e. its parameters and limiting values, to be transmitted, injected into and extracted from storages, distributed and utilized in fully and/or partially rededicated gas infrastructure and connected applications in a safe way.
This document gives evidence to the end-user which minimum exit hydrogen quality can be expected and ensured from natural gas infrastructure as minimum requirement and without further purification.
NOTE 1 The rededicated gas infrastructure can include new parts of this infrastructure constructed/added after the conversion of the natural gas grid.
NOTE 2 It is expected that over time the hydrogen delivered through such pipework will improve in quality, e.g. due to the increase in share of high purity hydrogen produced by electrolysis This will be taken into account in further development of this document.
- Technical specification12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Analysis to at least 0.05 µmol/mol concentration of total halogenated (measured as methyl fluoride) in hydrogen is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell system needs as defined in ISO 14687, SAE J2719, and the California Code of Regulations, or as specified in regulatory codes.
5.2 Although not intended for application to gases other than hydrogen, techniques within this screening method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring total halogenated hydrocarbon content determination. The method must be validated when used to test fuels or other gaseous samples that may contain interfering compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the screening of organic halide content of gaseous fuels using electron capture detection. Although primarily intended for determining organic halides in hydrogen used as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles, this screening method can also be used, if qualified, to measure organic halides in other gaseous fuels and gaseous matrices.
1.2 The procedure described in this method was designed to screen organic halides in hydrogen to a level much less than required by SAE J2719 and the California Code of Regulations, Title 4, Division 9, Chapter 6, Article 8, Sections 4180 – 4181. It will yield false positive result to other compounds that show response to the electron capture detector (ECD). Samples that do not pass the criteria of this screening process shall be tested to quantify and qualify the contaminants using Test Method D7892.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 The thermophysical property tables for normal hydrogen are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of hydrogen for process design and operations, particularly as they relate to hydrogen fuel cell applications. Tables are provided for gaseous hydrogen at temperatures between 50 K and 500 K at pressures to 500 MPa. These tables were developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology from a Standard Reference Database product REFPROP, version 10.02.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Proton exchange membranes (PEM) used in fuel cells are susceptible to contamination from a number of species that can be found in hydrogen. It is critical that these contaminants be measured and verified to be present at or below the amounts stated in SAE J2719 and ISO 14687 to ensure both fuel cell longevity and optimum efficiency. Contaminant concentrations as low as single-figure ppb(v) for some species can seriously compromise the life span and efficiency of PEM fuel cells. The presence of contaminants in fuel-cell-grade hydrogen can, in some cases, have a permanent adverse impact on fuel cell efficiency and usability. It is critical to monitor the concentration of key contaminants in hydrogen during the production phase through to delivery of the fuel to a fuel cell vehicle or other PEM fuel cell application. In ISO 14687, the upper limits for the contaminants are specified. Refer to SAE J2719 (see 2.3) for specific national and regional requirements. For hydrogen fuel that is transported and delivered as a cryogenic liquid, there is additional risk of introducing impurities during transport and delivery operations. For instance, moisture can build up over time in liquid transfer lines, critical control components, and long-term storage facilities, which can lead to ice buildup within the system and subsequent blockages that pose a safety risk or the introduction of contaminants into the gas stream upon evaporation of the liquid. Users are reminded to consult Practice D7265 for critical thermophysical properties such as the ortho/para hydrogen spin isomer inversion that can lead to additional hazards in liquid hydrogen usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes contaminant determination in fuel cell grade hydrogen as specified in relevant ASTM and ISO standards using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). This standard test method is for the measurement of one or multiple contaminants including, but not limited to, water (H2O), oxygen (O2), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and formaldehyde (H2CO), henceforth referred to as “analyte.”
1.2 This test method applies to CRDS analyzers with one or multiple sensor modules (see 6.2 for definition). This test method describes sampling apparatus design, operating procedures, and quality control procedures required to obtain the stated levels of precision and accuracy.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicle systems, and the corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicle systems, and the corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FC) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Analysis to 0.1 part per million (ppm(v)) concentration of THCs (measured as CH4) in hydrogen is necessary for ensuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell system needs as defined in SAE J2719 or as specified in regulatory codes.
5.2 Dynamic dilution techniques using highly accurate mass flow controllers can be used with test samples that have THC content exceeding the upper limit of the instrument’s linear range, without the need to recalibrate the instrument using higher levels of calibration standards. The sample can be diluted with a high purity grade of hydrogen (99.999 %, so long as it contains
5.3 Although not intended for application to gases other than hydrogen, techniques within this test method can be applied to other non-hydrocarbon gas samples requiring THC content determination. This can be achieved by using a zero gas and a calibration gas that consist of the same background gas as the actual sample. As an example, for the THC determination of nitrogen, the instrument zero point must be determined with a high purity grade of nitrogen (99.999 % and 4 in nitrogen in the appropriate range. This will correct for any interferences caused by the background gas.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for total hydrocarbons (THC’s) measurement in hydrogen intended as a fuel on a methane (C1) basis. The determination of THC on a C1 basis is an analytical technique where all the hydrocarbons are assumed to have the same response as methane (CH4). Sensitivity from 0.1 parts per million by volume (ppm(v), µmol/mol) up to 1000 ppm(v) concentration is achievable. Higher concentrations can be analyzed using appropriate dilution techniques. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring analysis of trace constituents provided an assessment of potential interferences has been accomplished.
1.2 This test method is a Flame Ionization Detector-based (FID-based) hydrocarbon analysis method without the use of separation columns. Therefore, this method does not provide speciation of individual hydrocarbons. Several varieties of instruments are manufactured and can be used for this method.
1.2.1 This method provides a measure of THC “as CH4,” because all hydrocarbon species are quantified the same as CH4 response, which is the sole species used for calibration. Magnitude of the FID response to an atom of carbon is dependent on the chemical environment of this atom in the molecule. This method provides the THC result as if all carbon atoms are from aliphatic, aromatic, olefinic, or acetylenic compounds, where the detector response caused by these atoms is approximately relative to the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule. Other types of molecules, including those containing oxygen or chlorine atoms, will respond differently and usually much lower than the corresponding aliphatic hydrocarbon. Therefore, other methods (Test Methods D7653, D7892, or equivalent) must be utilized to determine the exact constituents of the THC response determined by this method.
1.3 The proper handling of compressed gas cylinders containing air, nitrogen, hydrogen, or helium requires the use of gas regulators to preclude over-pressurization of any instrument component
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally re...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as PEMFCs require high purity hydrogen for optimal performance and longevity. Organic halides and formaldehyde can react with catalyst in PEMs and non-methane hydrocarbons degrade PEM stack performance.
SCOPE
1.1 The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure described in this test method is used to determine concentrations of total organic halides and total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHC) in hydrogen by measurement of individual target halocarbons (Table 1) and hydrocarbons (including formaldehyde, Table 1 and Table 2), respectively.
1.2 Mention of trade names in this test method does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Other manufacturers’ equipment or equipment models can be used.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This sampling procedure is used to collect a particulate filter sample containing particulates 0.2 µm or larger in size to be used to measure the size and concentration of particulates in a gaseous fuel stream.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is primarily for sampling particulates in gaseous fuels up to a nominal working pressure (NWP) of 70 MPa (10 152 psi) using an in-stream filter. This practice describes sampling apparatus design, operating procedures, and quality control procedures required to obtain the stated levels of precision and accuracy.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes minimum requirements for pressure relief devices intended for use on hydrogen fuelled vehicle fuel containers that comply with ISO 19881, IEC 62282-4-101, ANSI HGV 2, CSA B51 Part 2, EC79/EU406, SAE J2579, or the UN GTR No. 13. The scope of this document is limited to thermally activated pressure relief devices installed on fuel containers used with fuel cell grade hydrogen according to SAE J2719 or ISO 14687 for fuel cell land vehicles, and Grade A or better hydrogen according to ISO 14687 for internal combustion engine land vehicles. This document also contains requirements for thermally activated pressure relief devices acceptable for use on-board light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles and industrial powered trucks such as forklifts and other material handling vehicles, as it pertains to UN GTR No. 13. Pressure relief devices designed to comply with this document are intended to be used with high quality hydrogen fuel such as fuel complying with SAE J2719 or ISO 14687 Type 1 Grade D. Pressure relief devices can be of any design or manufacturing method that meets the requirements of this document. This document does not apply to reseating, resealing, or pressure activated devices. Documents which apply to hydrogen fuel vehicles and hydrogen fuel subsystems include IEC 62282- 4- 101, SAE J2578 and SAE J2579. Annex A presents an informative record of recommended fuel container, fuel storage subsystem and vehicle level requirements. The statements in Annex A are intended as recommendations for consideration of inclusion by the organizations and committees developing standards on these sub system and vehicle level standards. Annex B presents a rationale for the design qualification tests in this document.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen is delivered to fuel cell powered automotive vehicles and stationary appliances at pressures up to 87.5 MPa. The quality of hydrogen delivered is a significant factor in maximizing fuel cell efficiency and life span. Contamination can occur during the production of fuel cell feed gases, contaminating storage containers, station tubing, and fuel lines used for fuel delivery. Collection of a representative fuel sample without the introduction of contaminants even as low as parts-per-billion (ppb) per contaminant during collection is crucial for assessing the quality of fuel in real world applications.
5.2 This practice is intended for application to high pressure, high purity hydrogen; however, the apparatus design and sampling techniques may be applicable to collection of other fuel cell feed gases. Many of the techniques used in this practice can be applied to lower pressure/lower purity gas streams.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice describes a sampling procedure of high pressure hydrogen at fueling stations operating at 35 or 70 megapascals (MPa) using a hydrogen quality sampling apparatus (HQSA).
1.2 This practice does not include the analysis of the acquired sample. Applicable ASTM standards include but are not limited to test methods referenced in Section 2 of this practice.
1.3 This practice is not intended for sampling and measuring particulate matter in high pressure hydrogen. For procedures on sampling and measuring particulate matter see ASTM D7650 and D7651.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are standard. The values stated in inch-pounds are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Measurement of particulates in hydrogen is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell and internal combustion system needs as defined in SAE J2719. The particulates in hydrogen fuel for fuel cell vehicles (FCV) and gaseous hydrogen powered internal combustion engine vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control components, such as valves, or other critical system components. Therefore, the concentration of particulates in the hydrogen fuel should be limited as specified by ISO 14687-2, SAE J2719, or other hydrogen fuel quality specifications.
5.2 Although not intended for application to gases other than hydrogen fuel, techniques within this test method can be applied to gas samples requiring determination of particulate concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for gravimetric determination of particulate concentration in hydrogen intended as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This test method describes operating and quality control procedures required to obtain data of known quality satisfying the requirements of SAE J2719. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of particulates provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. The particulates in hydrogen used in FCVs and hydrogen powered internal combustion vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control components, such as valves or other critical system components. The visualization of the size and morphology of particles is an important tool for determining particle origin as well as for devising particle formation reduction strategies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for visualizing and measuring the sizes and morphology of particulates in hydrogen used as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This test method describes procedures required to obtain size and morphology data of known quality. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of particulate sizes and morphology provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.
1.2 Mention of trade names in standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Other manufacturers of equipment, software or equipment models can be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document applies to industrial metallic valves for hydrogen use. It contains recommendations and additional requirements applicable to material selection, design, manufacture, and final assessment.
This document addresses the following four services/damage mechanisms, which might exist in combinations:
- low temperature applications;
- hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE) or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC);
- high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA);
- hydrogen service with cyclic loads (fatigue).
The document considers the difference between gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), where necessary.
The additional provisions set out in this document do not cover corrosion such as electro-chemical corrosion of metals under participation of hydrogen (e.g. sour gas).
This document is based on the requirements contained in the standards specified below:
- applications with a maximum allowable pressure PS greater than 0,5 bar in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, the applicable provisions of EN 16668 apply;
- additional requirements for valves in chemical and petrochemical applications are specified in EN 12569;
- additional requirements for valves in gas distribution systems are specified in EN 13774;
- additional requirements for valves in gas transportation systems are specified in EN 14141.
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study.
This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA.
a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product.
b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems.
Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1]
There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock.
This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers:
— hydrogen liquefaction;
— production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier;
— hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs).
This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate.
It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods.
This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction).
This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).
- Draft123 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Shall be according to EN 15502-2-1:2022+A1:2023, Clause 1 with the following modifications:
Replace:
“This document covers gas-fired central heating boilers from the types C1 up to C(11) and the types B2, B3 and B5:”
By:
“This document covers gas-fired central heating boilers from the types C1, C3 up to C9 and the types B2, B3 and B5 :”
b) is replaced by:
b) that use combustible gases of gas group 4Y at the nominal pressure of 20 mbar;
Appliance category Pn Pmin Pmax
4th family 20 17 25
k) is not applicable.
Add at the end of the list, after k), following:
l) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with a Pneumatic Gas/Air Ratio controller (PGAR) or an Adaptive Combustion Control Function (ACCF) that are intended to be connected to hydrogen gas grids where the quality of the distributed hydrogen gas is likely expected to stay within a Wobbe range of 42 to 46 MJ/m3.
Replace in the list following
“This document does not cover all the requirements for:”
ab), ag), ah) and al) by:
ab) appliances that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed hydrogen gas is likely to vary outside the Wobbe range of 42 to 46 MJ/m3;
ag) C(10) boilers;
ah) C(11) boilers;
al) Partially premixed appliances equipped with an adaptive combustion control function (ACCF).
and add an) and ao);
an) The conversion from natural gas to hydrogen.
ao) The risk of aeration of the gas supply to the appliance.
- Draft74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the quality characteristics of liquid or gaseous hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicle systems, and the corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). It identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards.
“Hydrogen” in this paper means normal hydrogen (1H2), not deuterium (2H2) or tritium (3H2).
- Draft74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Shall be according to EN 15502-2-1:2022+A1:2023, Clause 1 with the following modifications:
Replace:
“This document covers gas-fired central heating boilers from the types C1 up to C(11) and the types B2, B3 and B5:”
By:
“This document covers gas-fired central heating boilers from the types C1, C3 up to C9 and the types B2, B3 and B5 :”
b) is replaced by:
b) that use combustible gases of gas group 4Y at the nominal pressure of 20 mbar;
Appliance category Pn Pmin Pmax
4th family 20 17 25
k) is not applicable.
Add at the end of the list, after k), following:
l) which are fully premixed appliances equipped with a Pneumatic Gas/Air Ratio controller (PGAR) or an Adaptive Combustion Control Function (ACCF) that are intended to be connected to hydrogen gas grids where the quality of the distributed hydrogen gas is likely expected to stay within a Wobbe range of 42 to 46 MJ/m3.
Replace in the list following
“This document does not cover all the requirements for:”
ab), ag), ah) and al) by:
ab) appliances that are intended to be connected to gas grids where the quality of the distributed hydrogen gas is likely to vary outside the Wobbe range of 42 to 46 MJ/m3;
ag) C(10) boilers;
ah) C(11) boilers;
al) Partially premixed appliances equipped with an adaptive combustion control function (ACCF).
and add an) and ao);
an) The conversion from natural gas to hydrogen.
ao) The risk of aeration of the gas supply to the appliance.
- Draft74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). It identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards.
“Hydrogen” in this paper means normal hydrogen (1H2), not deuterium (2H2) or tritium (3H2).
- Draft74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document applies to industrial metallic valves for hydrogen use. It contains recommendations and additional requirements applicable to material selection, design, manufacture, and final assessment.
This document addresses the following four services/damage mechanisms, which might exist in combinations:
- low temperature applications;
- hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE) or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC);
- high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA);
- hydrogen service with cyclic loads (fatigue).
The document considers the difference between gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), where necessary.
The additional provisions set out in this document do not cover corrosion such as electro-chemical corrosion of metals under participation of hydrogen (e.g. sour gas).
This document is based on the requirements contained in the standards specified below:
- applications with a maximum allowable pressure PS greater than 0,5 bar in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, the applicable provisions of EN 16668 apply;
- additional requirements for valves in chemical and petrochemical applications are specified in EN 12569;
- additional requirements for valves in gas distribution systems are specified in EN 13774;
- additional requirements for valves in gas transportation systems are specified in EN 14141.
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study.
This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA.
a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product.
b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems.
Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1]
There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock.
This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers:
— hydrogen liquefaction;
— production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier;
— hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs).
This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate.
It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods.
This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction).
This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).
- Draft123 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the quality characteristics of liquid or gaseous hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicle systems, and the corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of liquid hydrogen refuelling and dispensing systems on land vehicles of all types in order to reduce the risk of fire and explosion during the refuelling procedure and thus to provide a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property. This International Standard is applicable to the design and installation of liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuelling and dispensing systems. It describes the system intended for the dispensing of liquid hydrogen to a vehicle, including that portion of the system that handles cold gaseous hydrogen coming from the vehicle tank, that is, the system located between the land vehicle and the storage tank.
- Draft84 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft84 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This Technical Specification provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). It identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards. “Hydrogen” in this paper means normal hydrogen (1H2), not deuterium (2H2) or tritium (3H2).
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA. a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product. b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems. Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1] There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock. This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers: — hydrogen liquefaction; — production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier; — hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate. It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods. This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction). This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).
- Draft126 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft126 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
NOTE Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880-1:2020.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of public hydrogen refuelling points including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) comply with applicable regulations.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen refuelling station (HRS), addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
NOTE Guidance on considerations for hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS) is provided in ISO/TS 19880-1.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel and the corresponding quality assurance in order to ensure uniformity of the hydrogen product as dispensed for utilization in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
NOTE Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880-1:2020.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum performance. The following are the reported effects (SAE TIR J2719) of the compounds determined by this test method.
5.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2), acts largely as a diluent; however, in the fuel cell environment, CO2 can be transformed into CO.
5.3 Water (H2O), is an inert impurity, as it does not affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it provides a transport mechanism for water-soluble contaminants, such as Na+ or K+. In addition, it may form ice on valve internal surface at cold weather or react exothermally with metal hydride used as hydrogen fuel storage.
5.4 Inert Gases (N2 and Ar), do not normally react with fuel cell components or fuel cell system and are considered diluents. Diluents can decrease fuel cell stack performance.
5.5 Oxygen (O2), in low concentrations is considered an inert impurity, as it does not adversely affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it is a safety concern for vehicle on board fuel storage as it can react violently with hydrogen to generate water and heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure primarily for the determination of carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water in high pressure fuel cell grade hydrogen by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) with injection of sample at the same pressure as sample without pressure reduction, which is called “Jet Pulse Injection.” The procedures described in this method were designed to measure carbon dioxide at 0.5 micromole per mole (ppmv), Argon 1 ppmv, nitrogen 5 ppmv, oxygen 2 ppmv, and water 4 ppmv.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The mention of trade names in standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Other manufacturers of equipment or equipment models can be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method described a procedure primarily for the determination of carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water in high pressure fuel cell grade hydrogen by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) with injection of sample at the same pressure as sample without pressure reduction, which is called “Jet Pulse Injection.”
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels, this test method was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because there is no ILS.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel and the corresponding quality assurance in order to ensure uniformity of the hydrogen product as dispensed for utilization in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day