2014/94/EU - Directive 2014/94/EU of The European Parliament and of The Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

The IEC 63382 series specifies the management of distributed energy storage systems, composed of electrically chargeable vehicle batteries (ECV-DESS), which are handled by an aggregator/flexibility operator (FO) to provide energy flexibility services to grid operators.
Aggregator and flexibility operator have the same meaning in the context of this document and represent the entity which aggregates a number of other network users (e.g. energy consumers, prosumers, DERs) bundling energy consumption or generation assets into manageable sizes for the energy system.
The aggregator/FO communicates with the charging station (CS) backend system, which is typically the system platform (HW, SW and HMI) of either a charging station operator (CSO), or a charging service provider (CSP).
The purpose of the data exchange is to perform flexibility services, and it takes place between the aggregator/FO and a dedicated interface located in the CS backend system, which has been defined FCSBE, flexibility port at the charging station backend.
This part of IEC 63382 describes the technical characteristics and architectures of ECV-DESS, including:
– EV charging stations configurations, comprising several AC-EVSEs and/or DC-EVSEs;
– individual EVs connected to grid via an EVSE and managed by an aggregator/FO.
The focus of this document is on the interface between the FO and the FCSBE and the data exchange at this interface, necessary to perform energy flexibility services (FS).
The FO/aggregator converts grid services and/or grid support functions requested by the grid operators (DSOs or TSOs) into multiple flexibility services to be provided by a number of CSs, utilizing their own optimization and resource allocation algorithms.
Communication between FO and grid operators (DSO, TSO), optimization algorithms adopted by FO, flexibility service bidding procedures are out of scope of this document.
The data exchange between FO and FCSBE typically includes:
– flexibility service request and response;
– flexibility services parameters;
– EV charging station configuration and technical capabilities;
– credentials check of parties involved in the flexibility service;
– FS execution related notifications;
– event log, detailed service record, proof of work.
The exchange of credentials has the purpose to identify, authenticate and authorize the actors involved in the flexibility service transaction, to check the validity of a FS contract and to verify the technical capabilities of the system EV + CS, and conformity to applicable technical standards to provide the requested flexibility service.
This document also describes the technical requirements of ECV-DESS, the use cases, the information exchange between the EV charging station operator (CSO) and the aggregator/FO, including both technical and business data.
It covers many aspects associated to the operation of ECV-DESS, including:
– privacy issues consequent to GDPR application (general data protection regulation);
– cybersecurity issues;
– grid code requirements, as set in national guidelines, to include ancillary services, mandatory functions and remunerated services;
– grid functions associated to V2G operation, including new services, as fast frequency response;
– authentication/authorization/transactions relative to charging sessions, including roaming, pricing and metering information;
– management of energy transfers and reporting, including information interchange, related to power/energy exchange, contractual data, metering data;
– demand response, as smart charging (V1G).
It makes a distinction between mandatory grid functions and market driven services, taking into account the functions which are embedded in the FW control of DER smart inverters.
This document deals with use cases, requirements and architectures of the ECV-DESSs with the associated EV charging stations.
Some classes of energy flexibility services (FS) have been identified and illustrated in dedic

IEC 62196-2:2025 applies to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configurations, herein referred to as "accessories". These accessories have a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 480 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, and a rated current not exceeding 63 A three phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of electric vehicles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of new tests for latching devices; b) corrections to standard sheets.

IEC 62196-1:2025 is applicable to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors, vehicle inlets, herein referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies for electric vehicles (EV) intended for use in conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with a rated operating voltage not exceeding - 690 V AC 50 Hz to 60 Hz, at a rated current not exceeding 250 A, and - 1 500 V DC at a rated current not exceeding 800 A. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of new tests for latching devices and retaining means; b) inclusion of type 4 accessories.

This document specifies requirements for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and inspection of stations for fuelling liquefied natural gas (LNG) to vehicles, including equipment, safety and control devices. This document also specifies the design, construction, operation, maintenance and inspection of fuelling stations using LNG as an onsite source for supplying compressed natural gas (CNG) to vehicles, commonly referred to as liquefied-to-compressed natural gas (LCNG) fuelling stations, including safety and control devices of the station and specific LCNG fuelling station equipment.
NOTE            Specific CNG equipment is dealt with in ISO 16923.
This document is applicable to fuelling stations receiving LNG and other liquefied methane-rich gases such as bio LNG which comply with local applicable gas composition regulations or with the gas quality requirements of ISO 13686.
This document covers all equipment from the LNG storage tank unloading connection up to (but not including) the fuelling nozzle on the vehicle. The LNG storage tank unloading connection itself and the vehicle fuelling nozzle are not covered in this document.
This document applies to fuelling stations having the following characteristics:
private access;
public access (self-service or assisted);
metered dispensing and non-metered dispensing;
fuelling stations with fixed LNG storage;
fuelling stations with mobile LNG storage;
movable fuelling stations;
mobile fuelling stations;
multi-fuel stations.
This document does not apply to:
equipment, piping, or tubing downstream of the gas pressure regulator for closed boil-off gas systems;
 liquefaction equipment.

This document specifies requirements for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and inspection of stations for fuelling compressed natural gas (CNG) to vehicles, including equipment, safety and control devices up to the fuelling nozzle to the vehicle.
This document applies to fuelling stations supplied with natural gas as defined in local applicable gas composition regulations or ISO 13686. It also applies to other gases meeting these requirements.
This document also applies to portions of a fuelling station where natural gas is in a gaseous state and dispensing CNG derived from liquefied natural gas (LCNG) according to ISO 16924.
This document covers all equipment for downstream gas supply connection (i.e. point of separation between the CNG fuelling station piping and the pipeline network). Fuelling station nozzle are not defined in this document.
This document covers fuelling stations with the following characteristics:
—     slow fill;
—     fast fill;
—     private access;
—     public access (self-service or assisted);
—     fuelling stations with fixed storage;
—     fuelling stations with mobile storage (daughter station);
—     multi-fuel stations.
This document is not applicable to vehicle to vehicle transfer or vehicle refuelling appliances (VRA).
NOTE            This document is based on the condition that the gas entering the fuelling station is odorized. For unodorized gas fuelling stations, additional safety requirements are included in Clause 10.

This document specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.
The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance and safety of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. It is also possible to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems.
This document enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan.
NOTE 1        Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in Reference [7].
NOTE 2        Testing on cell level is specified in the IEC 62660 series.

IEC 63382-1:2025 series specifies the management of distributed energy storage systems, composed of electrically chargeable vehicle batteries (ECV-DESS), which are handled by an aggregator/flexibility operator (FO) to provide energy flexibility services to grid operators. IEC 63382-1:2025 describes the technical characteristics and architectures of ECV-DESS, including: – EV charging stations configurations, comprising several AC-EVSEs and/or DC-EVSEs; – individual EVs connected to grid via an EVSE and managed by an aggregator/FO. The focus of this document is on the interface between the FO and the FCSBE and the data exchange at this interface, necessary to perform energy flexibility services (FS). The data exchange between FO and FCSBE typically includes: – flexibility service request and response; – flexibility services parameters; – EV charging station configuration and technical capabilities; – credentials check of parties involved in the flexibility service; – FS execution related notifications; – event log, detailed service record, proof of work. The exchange of credentials has the purpose to identify, authenticate and authorize the actors involved in the flexibility service transaction, to check the validity of a FS contract and to verify the technical capabilities of the system EV + CS, and conformity to applicable technical standards to provide the requested flexibility service. This document also describes the technical requirements of ECV-DESS, the use cases, the information exchange between the EV charging station operator (CSO) and the aggregator/FO, including both technical and business data. It covers many aspects associated to the operation of ECV-DESS, including: – privacy issues consequent to GDPR application (general data protection regulation); – cybersecurity issues; – grid code requirements, as set in national guidelines, to include ancillary services, mandatory functions and remunerated services; – grid functions associated to V2G operation, including new services, as fast frequency response; – authentication/authorization/transactions relative to charging sessions, including roaming, pricing and metering information; – management of energy transfers and reporting, including information interchange, related to power/energy exchange, contractual data, metering data; – demand response, as smart charging (V1G). It makes a distinction between mandatory grid functions and market driven services, taking into account the functions which are embedded in the FW control of DER smart inverters. This document deals with use cases, requirements and architectures of the ECV-DESSs with the associated EV charging stations. Some classes of energy flexibility services (FS) have been identified and illustrated in dedicated use cases: – following a dynamic setpoint from FO; – automatic execution of a droop curve provided by FO, according to local measurements of frequency, voltage and power; – demand response tasks, stimulated by price signals from FO; – fast frequency response. Furthermore, some other more specific flexibility service use cases include: – V2G for tertiary control with reserve market; – V2H with dynamic pricing linked to the wholesale market price; – distribution grid congestion by EV charging and discharging. FS are performed under flexibility service contracts (FSC) which can be stipulated

This document specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.
The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance and safety of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. It is also possible to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems.
This document enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan.
NOTE 1        Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in Reference [7].
NOTE 2        Testing on cell level is specified in the IEC 62660 series.

This document specifies requirements for methanol bunkering transfer systems to and from inland navigation vessels. The various scenarios for the bunker facility operator concern land, truck and vessel (barge). It concerns design, dimensions and technical requirements for the transfer of methanol, including the nozzle, connection, inner and outer flanges and failsafe features.
This document also specifies the process and procedures for the bunkering operations, as well as responsibilities and risk assessment scope, taking into consideration the specific hazards in handling and bunkering methanol fuel. Next to this, the requirement for the methanol provider to provide a bunker delivery note and training and qualification of personnel involved.
This document is not applicable to cargo operations.

This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors.
GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable:
—     receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle);
—     nozzle;
—     communication hardware.
This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s.
This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.

This document specifies requirements for methanol bunkering transfer systems to and from inland navigation vessels. The various scenarios for the bunker facility operator concern land, truck and vessel (barge). It concerns design, dimensions and technical requirements for the transfer of methanol, including the nozzle, connection, inner and outer flanges and failsafe features.
This document also specifies the process and procedures for the bunkering operations, as well as responsibilities and risk assessment scope, taking into consideration the specific hazards in handling and bunkering methanol fuel. Next to this, the requirement for the methanol provider to provide a bunker delivery note and training and qualification of personnel involved.
This document is not applicable to cargo operations.

IEC 62840-2:2025 provides the safety requirements for a battery swap system, for the purposes of swapping swappable battery system (SBS)/handheld-swappable battery system (HBS) of electric vehicles. The battery swap system is intended to be connected to the supply network. The power supply is up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC in accordance with IEC 60038. This document also applies to battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (e.g. buffer batteries).
Aspects covered in this document:
• safety requirements of the battery swap system and its systems;
• security requirements for communication;
• electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);
• marking and instructions;
• protection against electric shock and other hazards.
This document is applicable to battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more SBS/HBS.
This document is not applicable to
• aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS),
• trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road, and
• maintenance and service of EVs.
Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer are under consideration
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) expands the scope to encompass both swappable battery systems (SBS) and handheld swappable battery systems (HBS);
b) introduces stricter interoperability requirements through detailed system interface specifications and defined state transition protocols;
c) enhances data security by defining safety message transmission protocols and integrating telecom network requirements;
d) increases electrical safety protection levels for battery swap stations (BSS) with specified capacitor discharge time limits to mitigate electric shock risks;
e) introduces enhanced mechanical safety requirements for automated battery handling systems, with technical alignment to ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2;
f) strengthens overload and short-circuit protection for BSS through standardized testing methods and overcurrent protection specifications;
g) defines upgraded electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards to ensure system resilience against external interference, supplemented with EMC-related functional safety measures.
This document is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62840-1:2025.

This document specifies the infrastructure part defined in Figure 1 and Figure A.2 of the conducted ground based feeding systems and their interfaces.
The charging infrastructure can be used for charging all road vehicle types at standstill or in motion.
This document covers the following aspects:
-   interaction between the ground based feeding systems and ERS vehicles;
-   electrical safety and stray current protection (in case of DC electric traction power supply systems);
-   environmental requirements;
-   validation requirements.
This document defines the interfaces between:
-   the ground based feeding system and the grid;
-   the infrastructure of the ground based feeding system and the on-board current collector devices of the vehicles including the specificities according to the different interface types.
This document is not applicable to the on-board part of the conducted ground based feeding systems.
This document is not applicable to motorcycles (including tricycles and quadricycles).
This document is not applicable to vehicles or electric buses with dynamic or static inductive charging systems and related power supplies.
This document is not applicable to vehicles or electric buses with dynamic or static conductive charging systems through overhead lines.
This document does not apply for charging stations with only a plug-in solution.

IEC 62840-2:2025 provides the safety requirements for a battery swap system, for the purposes of swapping swappable battery system (SBS)/handheld-swappable battery system (HBS) of electric vehicles. The battery swap system is intended to be connected to the supply network. The power supply is up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC in accordance with IEC 60038. This document also applies to battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (e.g. buffer batteries). Aspects covered in this document: • safety requirements of the battery swap system and its systems; • security requirements for communication; • electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); • marking and instructions; • protection against electric shock and other hazards. This document is applicable to battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more SBS/HBS. This document is not applicable to • aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS), • trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road, and • maintenance and service of EVs. Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer are under consideration This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) expands the scope to encompass both swappable battery systems (SBS) and handheld swappable battery systems (HBS); b) introduces stricter interoperability requirements through detailed system interface specifications and defined state transition protocols; c) enhances data security by defining safety message transmission protocols and integrating telecom network requirements; d) increases electrical safety protection levels for battery swap stations (BSS) with specified capacitor discharge time limits to mitigate electric shock risks; e) introduces enhanced mechanical safety requirements for automated battery handling systems, with technical alignment to ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2; f) strengthens overload and short-circuit protection for BSS through standardized testing methods and overcurrent protection specifications; g) defines upgraded electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards to ensure system resilience against external interference, supplemented with EMC-related functional safety measures. This document is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62840-1:2025.

IEC 63119-1:2025 establishes a basis for the other parts of IEC 63119, specifying the terms and definitions, general description of the system model, classification, information exchange and security mechanisms for roaming between EV charging service providers (CSPs), charging station operators (CSOs) and clearing house platforms through roaming endpoints. It provides an overview and describes the general requirements of the EV roaming service system. The IEC 63119 series is applicable to high-level communication involved in information exchange/interaction between different CSPs, as well as between a CSP and a CSO with or without a clearing house platform through the roaming endpoint. The IEC 63119 series does not specify the information exchange, either between the charging station (CS) and the charging station operator (CSO), or between the EV and the CS. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2019.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the scope is expanded to include differentiation between home and visited service provider roles and adds an explicit definition of roaming entity;
b) adds definitions for "home charging service provider (home-CSP)", "visited charging station operator (visited-CSO)", and "charging detail record (CDR)", and expands related terms such as "service" and "roaming entity";
c) introduces abbreviation variants for "home-CSP" and "visited-CSO" in the terminology, aligning with North American and European conventions;
d) updates the communication protocol stack by adopting a newer TLS version (upgraded from 1.2 to 1.3);
e) system architecture and communication interfaces include detailed interactions between home-CSP and visited-CSO;
f) adds a definition for "service" to cover a broader range of applications such as parking and reservation management;
g) adds a distinction between "charging detail record (CDR)" and "service detail record (SDR)" and clarifies their relationship in the terminology;
h) enhances the description of user credential transfer methods in communication interfaces with greater diversity;
i) enhances the description of the mixed mode in the classification of roaming service models, emphasizing improved user experience through faster response times.

IEC 63380-3:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager.
This document specifies the application of relevant transport protocols; in this case, SPINE (smart premises interoperable neutral-message exchange), SHIP (smart home IP), and ECHONET Lite. Other communication protocols can be defined in future editions

IEC 63380-2:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager. This document maps the generic use case functions defined in IEC 63380-1 to specific data model. This edition of this document defines specifically SPINE Resources and ECHONET Lite Resources mapped from the high-level use case functions defined in IEC 63380-1.

IEC 63380-3:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager. This document specifies the application of relevant transport protocols; in this case, SPINE (smart premises interoperable neutral-message exchange), SHIP (smart home IP), and ECHONET Lite. Other communication protocols can be defined in future editions

IEC 63119-1:2025 establishes a basis for the other parts of IEC 63119, specifying the terms and definitions, general description of the system model, classification, information exchange and security mechanisms for roaming between EV charging service providers (CSPs), charging station operators (CSOs) and clearing house platforms through roaming endpoints. It provides an overview and describes the general requirements of the EV roaming service system. The IEC 63119 series is applicable to high-level communication involved in information exchange/interaction between different CSPs, as well as between a CSP and a CSO with or without a clearing house platform through the roaming endpoint. The IEC 63119 series does not specify the information exchange, either between the charging station (CS) and the charging station operator (CSO), or between the EV and the CS. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2019. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the scope is expanded to include differentiation between home and visited service provider roles and adds an explicit definition of roaming entity; b) adds definitions for "home charging service provider (home-CSP)", "visited charging station operator (visited-CSO)", and "charging detail record (CDR)", and expands related terms such as "service" and "roaming entity"; c) introduces abbreviation variants for "home-CSP" and "visited-CSO" in the terminology, aligning with North American and European conventions; d) updates the communication protocol stack by adopting a newer TLS version (upgraded from 1.2 to 1.3); e) system architecture and communication interfaces include detailed interactions between home-CSP and visited-CSO; f) adds a definition for "service" to cover a broader range of applications such as parking and reservation management; g) adds a distinction between "charging detail record (CDR)" and "service detail record (SDR)" and clarifies their relationship in the terminology; h) enhances the description of user credential transfer methods in communication interfaces with greater diversity; i) enhances the description of the mixed mode in the classification of roaming service models, emphasizing improved user experience through faster response times.

This document specifies the infrastructure part defined in Figure 1 and Figure A.2 of the conducted ground based feeding systems and their interfaces. The charging infrastructure can be used for charging all road vehicle types at standstill or in motion. This document covers the following aspects: - interaction between the ground based feeding systems and ERS vehicles; - electrical safety and stray current protection (in case of DC electric traction power supply systems); - environmental requirements; - validation requirements. This document defines the interfaces between: - the ground based feeding system and the grid; - the infrastructure of the ground based feeding system and the on-board current collector devices of the vehicles including the specificities according to the different interface types. This document is not applicable to the on-board part of the conducted ground based feeding systems. This document is not applicable to motorcycles (including tricycles and quadricycles). This document is not applicable to vehicles or electric buses with dynamic or static inductive charging systems and related power supplies. This document is not applicable to vehicles or electric buses with dynamic or static conductive charging systems through overhead lines. This document does not apply for charging stations with only a plug-in solution.

IEC 63380-2:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager. This document maps the generic use case functions defined in IEC 63380-1 to specific data model. This edition of this document defines specifically SPINE Resources and ECHONET Lite Resources mapped from the high-level use case functions defined in IEC 63380-1.

This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors.
GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable:
—     receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle);
—     nozzle;
—     communication hardware.
This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s.
This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.

IEC 62840-1:2025 gives the general overview for battery swap systems, for the purposes of swapping batteries of electric road vehicles when the vehicle powertrain is turned off and when the battery swap system is connected to the supply network at standard supply voltages according to IEC 60038 with a rated voltage up to 1 000 V AC and up to 1 500 V DC.
This document is applicable for battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more
– swappable battery systems (SBS), or
– handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS).
This document provides guidance for interoperability.
This document applies to
• battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (for example buffer batteries etc),
• manual, mechanically assisted and automatic systems,
• battery swap systems intended to supply SBS/HBS having communication allowing to identify the battery system characteristics, and
• battery swap systems intended to be installed at an altitude of up to 2 000 m.
This document is not applicable to
• aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS),
• trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road,
• maintenance and service of EVs,
• safety requirements for mechanical equipment covered by the ISO 10218 series,
• locking compartments systems providing AC socket-outlets for the use of manufacturer specific voltage converter units and manufacturer specific battery systems,
• electrical devices and components, which are covered by their specific product standards,
• any fix-installed equipment of EV, which is covered by ISO, and
• EMC requirements for on-board equipment of EV while connected to the BSS.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 61280-1 published in 2016.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 61280-1:2016:
a) expanded scope to include handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS) and guidance on interoperability;
b) added definitions for "handheld-swappable battery system" (HBS) and expanded related terms such as "SBS/HBS coupler," "SBS/HBS charger," etc;
c) added classifications based on supply network characteristics, connection method, access and type of BSS;
d) added support for HBS, detailing the different compositions and workflows for type A (SBS) and type B (HBS) battery swap stations;
e) added requirements for functional interoperability, interface interoperability, data interoperability, operational interoperability, compatibility with legacy systems, and scalability;
f) added requirements for communication, protection against electric shock, specific requirements for accessories), cable assembly requirements, BSS constructional requirements, overload and short circuit protection, EMC, emergency switching or disconnect, marking and instructions;
g) expanded annex content, adding solutions for manual swapping stations for motorcycles with HBS and updating use cases.

IEC 62840-1:2025 gives the general overview for battery swap systems, for the purposes of swapping batteries of electric road vehicles when the vehicle powertrain is turned off and when the battery swap system is connected to the supply network at standard supply voltages according to IEC 60038 with a rated voltage up to 1 000 V AC and up to 1 500 V DC. This document is applicable for battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more – swappable battery systems (SBS), or – handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS). This document provides guidance for interoperability. This document applies to • battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (for example buffer batteries etc), • manual, mechanically assisted and automatic systems, • battery swap systems intended to supply SBS/HBS having communication allowing to identify the battery system characteristics, and • battery swap systems intended to be installed at an altitude of up to 2 000 m. This document is not applicable to • aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS), • trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road, • maintenance and service of EVs, • safety requirements for mechanical equipment covered by the ISO 10218 series, • locking compartments systems providing AC socket-outlets for the use of manufacturer specific voltage converter units and manufacturer specific battery systems, • electrical devices and components, which are covered by their specific product standards, • any fix-installed equipment of EV, which is covered by ISO, and • EMC requirements for on-board equipment of EV while connected to the BSS. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 61280-1 published in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 61280-1:2016: a) expanded scope to include handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS) and guidance on interoperability; b) added definitions for "handheld-swappable battery system" (HBS) and expanded related terms such as "SBS/HBS coupler," "SBS/HBS charger," etc; c) added classifications based on supply network characteristics, connection method, access and type of BSS; d) added support for HBS, detailing the different compositions and workflows for type A (SBS) and type B (HBS) battery swap stations; e) added requirements for functional interoperability, interface interoperability, data interoperability, operational interoperability, compatibility with legacy systems, and scalability; f) added requirements for communication, protection against electric shock, specific requirements for accessories), cable assembly requirements, BSS constructional requirements, overload and short circuit protection, EMC, emergency switching or disconnect, marking and instructions; g) expanded annex content, adding solutions for manual swapping stations for motorcycles with HBS and updating use cases.

IEC 63380-1:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager.
This document specifies use cases, the sequences of information exchange and generic data models.

IEC 63380-1:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager. This document specifies use cases, the sequences of information exchange and generic data models.

This document lays down harmonized identifiers for marketed liquid and gaseous fuels. The requirements in this document are to complement the informational needs of users regarding the compatibility between the fuels and the vehicles that are placed on the market. The identifier is intended to be visualized at dispensers and refuelling points, on vehicles, in motor vehicle dealerships and in consumer manuals as described in this document.
Marketed fuels include for example petroleum-derived fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, natural gas, LPG, hydrogen and biogas and blends of the aforementioned delivered to mobile applications.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document lays down harmonized identifiers for marketed liquid and gaseous fuels. The requirements in this document are to complement the informational needs of users regarding the compatibility between the fuels and the vehicles that are placed on the market. The identifier is intended to be visualized at dispensers and refuelling points, on vehicles, in motor vehicle dealerships and in consumer manuals as described in this document.
Marketed fuels include for example petroleum-derived fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, natural gas, LPG, hydrogen and biogas and blends of the aforementioned delivered to mobile applications.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies the minimum safety interface requirement for the unloading stop system between the LNG road tanker and LNG fuelling station.
This document consists of two main topics:
-   functional description of the unloading stop system;
-   technical layout description of the unloading stop system.

This document specifies a harmonized unloading connector for LNG road tanker at LNG fuelling stations. This document is also applicable to LNG RID applications. While LNG is also transported by rail, European regulations are organized through the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID). The same configuration as defined by this document, can be utilized. This document includes requirements for (at least):
-   functional description of the LNG unloading receptacle and LNG unloading nozzle;
-   technical layout description of the LNG unloading receptacle.
The technical layout description of the LNG unloading nozzle is not part of this document.
The basic functional requirement of the LNG unloading connector are as follows:
-   to prevent leakage of methane during operation and in particular during disconnecting;
-   easy handling, no spillage and purging with nitrogen during disconnecting.
The loading connector between the LNG road tanker and the LNG terminal is not covered by this document.
See Figure 1.

This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
This document applies to hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen to vehicles compliant with UN R134 (Regulation No. 134), UN R134 or Regulation (EC) No 79/2009.
NOTE 1   Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880 1:2020.
NOTE 2   Units used in this document follow SI (International System of Units).

This document specifies a harmonized unloading connector for LNG road tanker at LNG fuelling stations. This document is also applicable to LNG RID applications. While LNG is also transported by rail, European regulations are organized through the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID). The same configuration as defined by this document, can be utilized. This document includes requirements for (at least):
-   functional description of the LNG unloading receptacle and LNG unloading nozzle;
-   technical layout description of the LNG unloading receptacle.
The technical layout description of the LNG unloading nozzle is not part of this document.
The basic functional requirement of the LNG unloading connector are as follows:
-   to prevent leakage of methane during operation and in particular during disconnecting;
-   easy handling, no spillage and purging with nitrogen during disconnecting.
The loading connector between the LNG road tanker and the LNG terminal is not covered by this document.
See Figure 1.

This document specifies the minimum safety interface requirement for the unloading stop system between the LNG road tanker and LNG fuelling station.
This document consists of two main topics:
-   functional description of the unloading stop system;
-   technical layout description of the unloading stop system.

This document defines the minimum requirements to ensure the interoperability of hydrogen refuelling points, including refuelling protocols that dispense gaseous hydrogen to road vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) that comply with legislation applicable to such vehicles.
The safety and performance requirements for the entire hydrogen fuelling station, addressed in accordance with existing relevant European and national legislation, are not included in this document.
This document applies to hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen to vehicles compliant with UN R134 (Regulation No. 134), UN R134 or Regulation (EC) No 79/2009.
NOTE 1   Guidance on considerations for hydrogen fuelling stations is provided in ISO 19880 1:2020.
NOTE 2   Units used in this document follow SI (International System of Units).

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC61851-3, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle or a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light electric road vehicle, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..
Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc.
This part of IEC 61851-3 series provides specifications with regard to the pre-defined communication parameters and general application objects.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC 61851-3, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle or a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light electric road vehicle, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..
Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control.
The basic application profile for energy management systems consists of the following parts:
Part 3-4: General definitions for communication;   Part 3-5: Pre-defined communication parameters and general application objects;    Part 3-6: Voltage converter unit communication;
  Part 3-7: Battery system communication.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC61851-3, applies to the d.c. power supply equipment (e.g. VCU) for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an light electric road vehicle when connected to the supply network , with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c.
The supply systems described in the IEC 61851-3 series are primarily intended for the use by EVs of category L hereinafter referred to as light electric vehicles (light EVs).
NOTE 1 Light EV includes all electrically propelled two and three wheeled vehicles of Category L1 up to Category L7 according to the definition of ECE-TRANS-WP29-78r2e and all electrically propelled or assisted cycles.
The electrical protection of the complete light EV supply system from the connection to the supply network up to the light EV or removed RESS complies with protective separation and with galvanic separation between a.c. input and d.c. output or class III.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series as a technical specification together with part 3-1 and with part 1 of IEC61851, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle to a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light EV when connected to the supply network, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..
Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc.
This part of IEC 61851-3 series provides application objects provided by the AC-DC voltage converter unit or DC/DC voltage converter unit

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC 61851, applies to the equipment for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an electric road vehicle when connected to the supply network, supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated output voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..The supply systems described in the IEC 61851-3 series are primarily intended for the use by electric road vehicles of category L hereinafter referred to as light electric vehicles (light Evs).
NOTE 1 Light EV includes all electrically propelled two and three wheeled vehicles of Category L1 up to Category L7 according to the definition of ECE-TRANS-WP29-78r2e and all electrically propelled or assisted cycles.Light electric road vehicles (light EVs) imply all road vehicles, including plug-in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board rechargeable energy storage systems, (RESS), including traction batteries.The electrical protection of the complete light EV supply system from the connection to the supply network up to the light EV or removed RESS complies with protective separation between mains and d.c. and with galvanic separation between mains and d.c. or class III.Supplementary requirements for output voltages over 60 V d.c. are given in this document.Supplementary requirements for Class III equipment with output voltages over 15 V d.c. and over 6 V a.c. are given in this document.Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer d.c. to a.c. are under consideration and are not part of this edition.
NOTE 2 This standard is not mandatory for proprietary EV supply system configurations Type B or D according to IEC 61851-3 series provided they have equivalent or higher safety levels.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series as a technical specification together with part 3-1 and with part 1 of IEC61851, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle to a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light EV when connected to the supply network, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..
Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc.
This part of IEC 61851-3 series specifies application objects provided by the battery system.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series as a technical specification together with part 3-1 and with part 1 of IEC61851, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle to a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light EV when connected to the supply network, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c.. Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc. This part of IEC 61851-3 series specifies application objects provided by the battery system.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC61851-3, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle or a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light electric road vehicle, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c.. Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc. This part of IEC 61851-3 series provides specifications with regard to the pre-defined communication parameters and general application objects.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC61851-3, applies to the d.c. power supply equipment (e.g. VCU) for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an light electric road vehicle when connected to the supply network , with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c. The supply systems described in the IEC 61851-3 series are primarily intended for the use by EVs of category L hereinafter referred to as light electric vehicles (light EVs). NOTE 1 Light EV includes all electrically propelled two and three wheeled vehicles of Category L1 up to Category L7 according to the definition of ECE-TRANS-WP29-78r2e and all electrically propelled or assisted cycles. The electrical protection of the complete light EV supply system from the connection to the supply network up to the light EV or removed RESS complies with protective separation and with galvanic separation between a.c. input and d.c. output or class III.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series as a technical specification together with part 3-1 and with part 1 of IEC61851, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle to a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light EV when connected to the supply network, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c.. Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. Such energy control applications may be implemented in e.g. light electric vehicles, robots, offshore parks, isolated farms, etc. This part of IEC 61851-3 series provides application objects provided by the AC-DC voltage converter unit or DC/DC voltage converter unit

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC 61851, applies to the equipment for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an electric road vehicle when connected to the supply network, supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated output voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c..The supply systems described in the IEC 61851-3 series are primarily intended for the use by electric road vehicles of category L hereinafter referred to as light electric vehicles (light Evs). NOTE 1 Light EV includes all electrically propelled two and three wheeled vehicles of Category L1 up to Category L7 according to the definition of ECE-TRANS-WP29-78r2e and all electrically propelled or assisted cycles.Light electric road vehicles (light EVs) imply all road vehicles, including plug-in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board rechargeable energy storage systems, (RESS), including traction batteries.The electrical protection of the complete light EV supply system from the connection to the supply network up to the light EV or removed RESS complies with protective separation between mains and d.c. and with galvanic separation between mains and d.c. or class III.Supplementary requirements for output voltages over 60 V d.c. are given in this document.Supplementary requirements for Class III equipment with output voltages over 15 V d.c. and over 6 V a.c. are given in this document.Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer d.c. to a.c. are under consideration and are not part of this edition. NOTE 2 This standard is not mandatory for proprietary EV supply system configurations Type B or D according to IEC 61851-3 series provided they have equivalent or higher safety levels.

This part of IEC 61851-3 series (in a first step as Technical Specification for three-year period) together with part 1 of IEC 61851-3, applies to communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and a light electric road vehicle or a removable RESS or traction-battery of a light electric road vehicle, with a rated supply voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 400 V d.c. and a rated ìoutputî voltage up to 480 V a.c. or up to 200 V d.c.. Energy management system for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units specifies the communication for all devices that may take part in energy management control. The basic application profile for energy management systems consists of the following parts: Part 3-4: General definitions for communication; Part 3-5: Pre-defined communication parameters and general application objects; Part 3-6: Voltage converter unit communication; Part 3-7: Battery system communication.

This Part of IEC 61980 addresses communication and activities of magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) systems. The requirements in this document are intended to be applied for MF-WPT systems accordin to IEC 61980-3 and ISO 19363. The aspects covered in this document include: - operational and functional characteristics of the MF-WPT communication system and related activities - operational and functional characteristics of the positioning system The following aspects are under consideration for future documents: - requirements for two- and three-wheel vehicles, - requirements for MF-WPT systems supplying power to EVs in motion, and - requirements for bidirectional power transfer Note: Any internal communication at Supply device or EV device is not in the scope of this document

This document specifies safety requirements for conductive connection of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles (referred to as the EVs) to external electric circuits.
NOTE 1   External electric circuits include external electric power supplies and external electric loads.
It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.
It applies only to on-board charging systems between the plug or vehicle inlet and RESS circuits.
NOTE 2   The requirements when not connected to external electric circuits are specified in the ISO 13063 series.
Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer DC to AC are under consideration and are not part of this document.
NOTE 3   The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation are specified in IEC 61851-25.
NOTE 4   The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation are specified in IEC TS 61851-3-1 and IEC TS 61851-3-2.

This part of IEC 62196 applies to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configurations, herein referred to as accessories. These accessories have a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 480 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, and a rated current not exceeding 63 A three phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of electric vehicles.
This document covers the basic interface accessories for vehicle supply as specified in IEC 62196-1.
NOTE 1 The term "Electric road vehicles (EV)" comprises all road vehicles, including plug-in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV) that derive all or part of their energy from the rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS).
These accessories are intended to be used for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1:2017, which operate at different voltages and frequencies, and which can include extra-low voltage (ELV) and communication signals.
The use of these accessories for bidirectional power transfer is under consideration.
This document applies to accessories to be used in an ambient temperature between -30 °C and +40 °C.
NOTE 2 In the following country, other requirements regarding the lower temperature may apply: NO.
NOTE 3 In the following country, −35 °C applies: SE.
These accessories are intended to be connected only to cables with copper or copper-alloy conductors.
Vehicle inlets and vehicle connectors described in this document are intended to be used for charging in modes 1, 2 and 3, cases B and C. The EV socket-outlets and EV plugs covered by this document are intended to be used for charging mode 3 only, case A and B.
The modes and permissible connections are specified in IEC 61851-1:2017.

This document specifies safety requirements for conductive connection of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles (referred to as the EVs) to external electric circuits.
NOTE 1   External electric circuits include external electric power supplies and external electric loads.
It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.
It applies only to on-board charging systems between the plug or vehicle inlet and RESS circuits.
NOTE 2   The requirements when not connected to external electric circuits are specified in the ISO 13063 series.
Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer DC to AC are under consideration and are not part of this document.
NOTE 3   The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation are specified in IEC 61851-25.
NOTE 4   The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation are specified in IEC TS 61851-3-1 and IEC TS 61851-3-2.