25.160.01 - Welding, brazing and soldering in general
ICS 25.160.01 Details
Welding, brazing and soldering in general
Schwei?en und Loten im allgemeinen
Soudage et brasage en général
Varjenje, trdo in mehko spajkanje na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 25.160.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Welding, brazing and soldering in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 289 standards classified under ICS 25.160.01 (Welding, brazing and soldering in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a uniform system for grouping materials for welding purposes. This document can also be applied for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing.
This document is applicable to grouping systems for the following standardized materials:
— steels;
— aluminium and its alloys;
— copper and its alloys;
— nickel and its alloys;
— titanium and its alloys;
— zirconium and its alloys;
— cast irons;
— cobalt alloys.
- Draft10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a uniform system for grouping materials for welding purposes. This document can also be applied for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing. This document is applicable to grouping systems for the following standardized materials: - steels; - aluminium and its alloys; - copper and its alloys; - nickel and its alloys; - titanium and its alloys; - zirconium and its alloys; - cast irons; - cobalt alloys.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the specification and qualification of brazing procedures for brazing of metallic materials.
This document specifies requirements for brazing of the test piece, testing of the test specimen, essential variables and their range of qualification, acceptance criteria, brazing procedure qualification record (BPQR) and brazing procedure specification (BPS).
This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A).
This document does not cover testing of residual stresses, corrosion resistance and impact properties.
This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating:
— 911 Infrared brazing;
— 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing;
— 913 Laser beam brazing;
— 914 Electron beam brazing;
— 916 Induction brazing;
— 918 Resistance brazing;
— 919 Diffusion brazing;
— 921 Furnace brazing;
— 922 Vacuum brazing;
— 923 Dip-bath brazing;
— 924 Salt-bath brazing;
— 925 Flux bath brazing;
— 926 Immersion brazing;
— 972 Arc weld brazing.
The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the specification and qualification of brazing procedures for brazing of metallic materials.
This document specifies requirements for brazing of the test piece, testing of the test specimen, essential variables and their range of qualification, acceptance criteria, brazing procedure qualification record (BPQR) and brazing procedure specification (BPS).
This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A).
This document does not cover testing of residual stresses, corrosion resistance and impact properties.
This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating:
— 911 Infrared brazing;
— 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing;
— 913 Laser beam brazing;
— 914 Electron beam brazing;
— 916 Induction brazing;
— 918 Resistance brazing;
— 919 Diffusion brazing;
— 921 Furnace brazing;
— 922 Vacuum brazing;
— 923 Dip-bath brazing;
— 924 Salt-bath brazing;
— 925 Flux bath brazing;
— 926 Immersion brazing;
— 972 Arc weld brazing.
The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
This document does not apply to personnel who:
— do not control or adjust welding parameters;
— are not involved in the setup of welding equipment.
Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the classification levels for welded components, the types of activity typically undertaken and the requirements to be fulfilled to demonstrate conformance.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the classification levels for welded components, the types of activity typically undertaken and the requirements to be fulfilled to demonstrate conformance.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
This document does not apply to personnel who:
— do not control or adjust welding parameters;
— are not involved in the setup of welding equipment.
Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials. This document does not apply to personnel who: - do not control or adjust welding parameters; - are not involved in the setup of welding equipment. Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard19 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators for metallic materials.
This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A).
This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating:
— 911 Infrared brazing;
— 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing;
— 913 Laser beam brazing;
— 914 Electron beam brazing;
— 916 Induction brazing;
— 918 Resistance brazing;
— 919 Diffusion brazing;
— 921 Furnace brazing;
— 922 Vacuum brazing;
— 923 Dip-bath brazing;
— 924 Salt-bath brazing;
— 925 Flux bath brazing;
— 926 Immersion brazing;
— 972 Arc weld brazing.
This document is not applicable to personnel operating brazing equipment who do not have any direct influence on the quality of the brazed joint, for example, personnel performing exclusively loading/unloading the brazing unit or just initiating the brazing cycle in automatic brazing.
The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
This document does not apply to brazing for aerospace applications covered by ISO 11745.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals:
(111) Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc
welding /USA/
(114) Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
(131) Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(135) Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(136) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(137) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(141) Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/
(15) Plasma arc welding;
(31) Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/
(52) Laser beam welding;
(912) Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/
(97) Braze welding;
— arc and flame gouging;
— arc and laser cutting processes;
— flame and plasma cutting processes;
— metal-spraying (see ISO 4063).
The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered:
— ozone (O3);
— carbon monoxide (CO);
— carbon dioxide (CO2);
— nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
— vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings.
Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered.
The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy.
This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides check lists for the assessment of the environmental aspects of welding fabrication of metallic materials including site and repair work. Informative annexes indicate recommended actions for avoiding and reducing the possible environmental impacts outside the workshop.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of requirements given in the other parts of the ISO 3834 series. It is intended to help users select the appropriate part of the ISO 3834 series. It is expected that users will already be familiar with the ISO 3834 series as a whole.
This document does not provide additional requirements to those in ISO 3834-1 to ISO 3834-5.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding operators and also weld setters for electromagnetic pulse welding.
This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.
This document is applicable when qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters is required by the contract or by the application standard.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding operators and also weld setters for electromagnetic pulse welding.
This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.
This document is applicable when qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters is required by the contract or by the application standard.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators for metallic materials.
This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A).
This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating:
— 911 Infrared brazing;
— 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing;
— 913 Laser beam brazing;
— 914 Electron beam brazing;
— 916 Induction brazing;
— 918 Resistance brazing;
— 919 Diffusion brazing;
— 921 Furnace brazing;
— 922 Vacuum brazing;
— 923 Dip-bath brazing;
— 924 Salt-bath brazing;
— 925 Flux bath brazing;
— 926 Immersion brazing;
— 972 Arc weld brazing.
This document is not applicable to personnel operating brazing equipment who do not have any direct influence on the quality of the brazed joint, for example, personnel performing exclusively loading/unloading the brazing unit or just initiating the brazing cycle in automatic brazing.
The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
This document does not apply to brazing for aerospace applications covered by ISO 11745.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum safety requirements and test methods for protective clothing including hoods, aprons, sleeves, and gaiters that are designed to protect the wearer's body including head (hoods) and feet (gaiters) and that are to be worn during welding and allied processes with comparable risks. For the protection of the wearer’s head and feet, this document is only applicable to hoods and gaiters. This document does not cover requirements for feet, hand, face, and/or eye protectors. This type of protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer against the following hazards: — spatter (small splashes of molten metal) in 2 risk levels, short contact time with flame, radiant heat from an electric arc used for welding and allied processes, — harmful artificial optical radiation (UV-A, UV-B and especially UV-C) in 3 risk levels generated during welding and allied processes and — minimizes the possibility of electrical shock by short-term, accidental contact with live electrical conductors at voltages up to approximately 100 V d. c. in normal conditions of welding. Sweat, soiling, or other contaminants can affect the level of protection provided against short-term accidental contact with live electric conductors at these voltages. The main manual welding processes are exemplified and are classified into process groups according to the maximum effectively emitted total irradiance, which has been determined and evaluated by measurement for these types of welding processes. For adequate overall protection against the risks to which welders are likely to be exposed, personal protective equipment (PPE) covered by other standards should additionally be worn to protect the head, face, hands, and feet. This document is not applicable for laser welding processes (coherent, monochromatic radiation sources). Guidance for the selection of protective clothing for different welding activities is detailed in Annex B.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard49 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals:
(111) Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc
welding /USA/
(114) Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
(131) Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(135) Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(136) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(137) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(141) Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/
(15) Plasma arc welding;
(31) Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/
(52) Laser beam welding;
(912) Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/
(97) Braze welding;
— arc and flame gouging;
— arc and laser cutting processes;
— flame and plasma cutting processes;
— metal-spraying (see ISO 4063).
The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered:
— ozone (O3);
— carbon monoxide (CO);
— carbon dioxide (CO2);
— nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
— vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings.
Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered.
The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy.
This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy. This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations. Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard37 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals: (111) Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc welding /USA/ (114) Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding (131) Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/ (135) Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/ (136) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/ (137) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/ (141) Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/ (15) Plasma arc welding; (31) Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/ (52) Laser beam welding; (912) Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/ (97) Braze welding; - arc and flame gouging; - arc and laser cutting processes; - flame and plasma cutting processes; - metal-spraying (see ISO 4063). The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered: - ozone (O3); - carbon monoxide (CO); - carbon dioxide (CO2); - nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2); - vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings. Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered. The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of requirements given in the other parts of the ISO 3834 series. It is intended to help users select the appropriate part of the ISO 3834 series. It is expected that users will already be familiar with the ISO 3834 series as a whole.
This document does not provide additional requirements to those in ISO 3834-1 to ISO 3834-5.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding. The materials are categorized as carbon steel, carbon and carbon-manganese steel, low alloy steel, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, low carbon austenitic stainless steel, unstabilized austenitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel, nickel base alloy, steel castings, austenitic manganese. The orientation of the welds with respect to the horizontal and vertical planes of reference is classified into four positions, namely, flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead. Four types of test shall be conducted in the qualification procedures such as tension test, bend test, Charpy impact test and radiographic test. Guided bend test specimens shall be prepared by cutting the test plate or pipe to form specimens of approximately rectangular cross section. Guided bend test specimens are of three types depending on which surface -side bend, face bend, or root bend is on the convex (outer) side of the bent specimen. A welding procedure must be set up as a new procedure and must be requalified when any of the changes in essential variables, inclusive, are made. Changes other than those listed may be made without requalification, provided the procedure is revised to show these changes. All welders and operators welding castings under this practice shall pass the welder qualification test. The welder or operator successfully performing the procedure qualification test is automatically qualified for performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding.
1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the operator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedure and either or both the operator or welder under this practice. P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metals for qualification may be different than the category numbers listed in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of ASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASME P-number designations.
1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests required to qualify his welding procedures, welders, and operators.
1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of welding procedure qualification tests (Fig. 1), welder or operator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available to the purchaser's representative on request.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4.1 SI Units—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of requirements given in the other parts of the ISO 3834 series. It is intended to help users select the appropriate part of the ISO 3834 series. It is expected that users will already be familiar with the ISO 3834 series as a whole. This document does not provide additional requirements to those in ISO 3834-1 to ISO 3834-5.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the qualification of welders and welding operators for fusion welding of metallic materials for aerospace applications.
NOTE Success in the test is an essential precondition for the qualification of welders and welding operators in new production and repair work in aerospace. However, welding equipment operators do not need to be qualified according to this document.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives the necessary information to explain the requirements referenced in ISO 15607 about the qualification of welding procedures based on previous welding experience.
In addition, it gives the range of qualification.
The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives the necessary information to explain the requirements referenced in ISO 15607 about the qualification of welding procedures based on previous welding experience. In addition, it gives the range of qualification. The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document defines the general requirements for welding in the execution of structural steelwork as structures or as manufactured components in conjunction with ISO 17607-1. Additional requirements to be addressed in the execution of structural steelwork, as structures or as fabricated components, can be found in other parts of the ISO 17607 series.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers drawn, soft annealed round copper electrode wire used in welding machines for the purpose of seam welding of cans. It does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for drawn, soft annealed round copper electrode wire used in welding machines for the purpose of seam welding of cans.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the qualification of welders and welding operators for fusion welding of metallic materials for aerospace applications. NOTE Success in the test is an essential precondition for the qualification of welders and welding operators in new production and repair work in aerospace. However, welding equipment operators do not need to be qualified according to this document.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met.
The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used.
General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc.
Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures.
The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other.
Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard11 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met.
The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used.
General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc.
Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures.
The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other.
Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard11 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a nomenclature for:
— welding;
— brazing, soldering and weld brazing;
— thermal cutting;
with each process identified by a reference number.
It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes.
This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate.
This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability.
The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide:
— specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001;
— specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001;
— specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment;
— specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3;
— detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies safety requirements for transparent welding curtains, strips and screens to be used in workplaces where arc welding is taking place. They are intended to provide protection against harmful levels of optical radiation and spatter for workers who are in the vicinity of arc welding processes but not involved in the welding itself. They are intended to reduce the discomfort glare from the arc but also allow sufficient luminous transmittance to permit a view into the workspace behind.
The transparent welding curtains can also be used in other applications as long as the UV- and blue-light emissions are less than in arc welding and the transmitted infrared irradiance is below applicable exposure limits. They are designed to be used at a distance from the arc of at least 1 m.
Welding curtains, strips and screens specified in this document are not intended to replace welding filters. For intentional viewing of welding arcs, other means of protection are used, see ISO 16321-1 and ISO 16321-2.
This document is not applicable to protection against laser radiation, for which ISO 19818-1 applies.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate.
This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability.
The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide:
— specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001;
— specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001;
— specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment;
— specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3;
— detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate. This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability. The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide: - specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001; - specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001; - specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment; - specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3; - detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.
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This document establishes a nomenclature for:
— welding;
— brazing, soldering and weld brazing;
— thermal cutting;
with each process identified by a reference number.
It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes.
This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a nomenclature for: - welding; - brazing, soldering and weld brazing; - thermal cutting; with each process identified by a reference number. It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes. This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.
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This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
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This document specifies a qualification test for brazers engaged in manual brazing of parts and brazing operators in aerospace construction. NOTE Success in the test is an essential precondition for the qualification of brazers and brazing operators in new production and repair work in aerospace. However, brazing equipment operators need not be qualified in accordance with this document. This document does not apply to general brazing applications covered by ISO 13585.
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This document provides check lists for the assessment of the environmental aspects of welding fabrication of metallic materials including site and repair work. Informative annexes indicate recommended actions for avoiding and reducing the possible environmental impacts outside the workshop.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals. The purpose of the tests described in this document are to a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals, b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc., c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment. Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
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This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators for metallic materials. This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A). This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating: - 911 Infrared brazing; - 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing; - 913 Laser beam brazing; - 914 Electron beam brazing; - 916 Induction brazing; - 918 Resistance brazing; - 919 Diffusion brazing; - 921 Furnace brazing; - 922 Vacuum brazing; - 923 Dip-bath brazing; - 924 Salt-bath brazing; - 925 Flux bath brazing; - 926 Immersion brazing; - 972 Arc weld brazing. This document is not applicable to personnel operating brazing equipment who do not have any direct influence on the quality of the brazed joint, for example, personnel performing exclusively loading/unloading the brazing unit or just initiating the brazing cycle in automatic brazing. The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed. This document does not apply to brazing for aerospace applications covered by ISO 11745.
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This document specifies requirements for the specification and qualification of brazing procedures for brazing of metallic materials. This document specifies requirements for brazing of the test piece, testing of the test specimen, essential variables and their range of qualification, acceptance criteria, brazing procedure qualification record (BPQR) and brazing procedure specification (BPS). This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A). This document does not cover testing of residual stresses, corrosion resistance and impact properties. This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating: - 911 Infrared brazing; - 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing; - 913 Laser beam brazing; - 914 Electron beam brazing; - 916 Induction brazing; - 918 Resistance brazing; - 919 Diffusion brazing; - 921 Furnace brazing; - 922 Vacuum brazing; - 923 Dip-bath brazing; - 924 Salt-bath brazing; - 925 Flux bath brazing; - 926 Immersion brazing; - 972 Arc weld brazing. The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.
4.2 Items to be considered in preparation and planning for monitoring should include but not be limited to the following:
4.2.1 Description of the system or object to be monitored or examined,
4.2.2 Extent of monitoring, that is, entire weld, cover passes only, and so forth,
4.2.3 Limitations or restrictions on the sensor mounting procedures, if applicable,
4.2.4 Performance parameters to be established and maintained during the AE system verification procedure (sensitivity, location accuracy, and so forth),
4.2.5 Maximum time interval between AE system verification checks,
4.2.6 Performance criteria for purchased equipment,
4.2.7 Requirements for permanent records of the AE response, if applicable,
4.2.8 Content and format of test report, if required, and
4.2.9 Operator qualification and certification, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies requirements for the:
- approval of training facilities, testing and maintaining the skills of aluminothermic welders and welding trainers. It applies to those aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1. It requires that the system for training and testing of welders be approved by the railway authority;
- approval of aluminothermic welding contractors. It applies to those contractors using aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1 and who employ welders in the possession of a valid permit to weld as defined in Clause 4 of this document;
- acceptance of the final aluminothermic weld inspections and aluminothermic weld inspectors approved by the railway authority. It does not cover any previous weld inspections by the welder or others.
This document also applies to aluminothermic welds produced on railway rails as contained in EN 13674-1 to EN 13674-4 and EN 16771.
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This document defines comprehensive quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.
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