13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
ICS 13.040.30 Details
Workplace atmospheres
Arbeitsplatzatmospharen
Air des lieux de travail
Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestu
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.040.30 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Workplace atmospheres". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 529 standards classified under ICS 13.040.30 (Workplace atmospheres). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the rotating drum test apparatus and associated test method for the reproducible production of dust from a bulk material under standard conditions, and the measurement of the inhalable, thoracic and respirable dustiness mass fractions, with reference to existing European standards, where relevant (see Clause 6).
This method is suitable for general bulk material handling processes, including all those processes where the bulk material is dropped, or can be dropped. It differs from the continuous drop method presented in FprEN 15051-3:2025 [4]. In FprEN 15051-2:2025 the same bulk material is repeatedly dropped, whilst in FprEN 15051-3:2025, the bulk material is dropped only once, but continuously.
Furthermore, this document specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures, and the method of calculating and presenting the results. A categorization scheme for dustiness is specified, to provide a standardized way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials.
This document is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletized bulk materials. A standard sample volume is used.
This document does not apply to test the dust released when solid bulk materials are mechanically reduced (e.g. cut, crushed).
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The method described in this document quantifies the absolute exposure to mineral oil vapours and droplets, within a concentration range from 0,5 mg/m3 to 125 mg/m3, in the inhalable fraction of the workplace air.
This document contains comprehensive information and instructions on the equipment and chemicals to be used.
This method is applicable for water soluble oils and metal working fluids.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables:
a) the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction;
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm;
c) the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm;
d) the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm;
e) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1 With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this document, dustiness of a series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to [10]). On the basis of this published work, the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This document is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2 The restrictions with regard to the application of the vortex shaker method on different kinds of nanomaterials result from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus as well as from the small size of the test sample required. Eventually, if future work will be able to provide accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that an extension of the method applicability is possible, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce further cases of method application.
NOTE 3 As observed in the pre-normative research project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this document provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small rotating drum methods specified in EN 17199 2 [1], EN 17199 3 [2] and EN 17199 4 [3], respectively. The vortex shaker method can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration or shaking is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4 Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established according to the vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
- Draft36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures and the method of calculating and presenting the results. Reasons are given for the need for more than one method and advice is given on the choice of method to be used.
This document establishes a categorization scheme for dustiness to provide a standardized way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials. Details of the scheme for each method are given in FprEN 15051-2:2025 and FprEN 15051-3:2025.
This document is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletized bulk materials.
This document does not apply to test the dust released during mechanical reduction of solid bulk materials (e.g. cut, crushed) or to test application procedures for the bulk materials.
- Draft17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the continuous drop test apparatus and associated test method for the reproducible production of dust from a bulk material under standard conditions, and the measurement of the inhalable and respirable dustiness mass fractions, with reference to existing documents, where relevant (see Clause 6).
The continuous drop method intends to simulate dust generation processes where there are continuous falling operations (conveying, discharging, filling, refilling, weighing, sacking, metering, loading, unloading etc.) and where dust is liberated by winnowing during falling. It can be modified to measure the thoracic fraction as well, but this modification is not specified in this document. It differs from the rotating drum method presented in EN 15051-2 [4] in that in this document, the bulk material is dropped only once, but continuously, while in EN 15051-2, the same bulk material is repeatedly dropped.
Furthermore, this document specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling and analytical procedures and the method of calculating and presenting the results. A categorization scheme for dustiness is specified, to provide a standardized way to express and communicate the results to users of the bulk materials.
This document is applicable to powdered, granular or pelletised bulk materials.
This document does not apply to test the dust released when solid bulk materials are mechanically treated (e.g. cut, crushed).
- Draft14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for the use of quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including single-quadrupole instruments and tandem ICP-MS/MS, for analysing test solutions prepared from samples of airborne particulate matter collected as specified in ISO 15202-1. Method development, performance checks and a routine analysis method are specified in this document NOTE 1 Other types of ICP-MS (e.g. magnetic sector) are outside of the scope of this document. Test solutions for analysis by this document are prepared as specified in ISO 15202-2. This document is applicable to the assessment of workplace exposure to metals and metalloids for comparison with limit values (e.g. see EN 689[ REF Reference_ref_21 \r \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00320031000000 ] and ASTM E1370[ REF Reference_ref_19 \r \h 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310039000000 ]). This document is not applicable to the determination of elemental mercury, since mercury vapour is not collected using the sampling method specified in ISO 15202-1. The procedure specified in this document is suitable for the assessment of exposure against the long-term exposure limits for most of the metals and metalloids for which occupational exposure limit values have been set, when sampling at a typical flow rate of at least 2 l min−1 for sampling times in the range 0,25 h to 8 h and for the assessment of exposure against the short-term exposure limits, where applicable. NOTE 2 The procedure is subject to no significant spectral interferences (see Clause A.3), provided that suitable analytical isotopes are used. However, inadequate matrix-matching can adversely affect results.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides rules for workplace sampling and the sample analysis for the determination and characterization of airborne NOAA for electron microscopy and includes:
- the choice of appropriate samplers and their use for the determination and characterization (e.g. classification of structures and morphology) of airborne NOAA using electron microscopic methods (SEM and (S)TEM);
- counting rules and criteria for the determination and characterization (e.g. classification of structures, chemical composition and morphology) of airborne NOAA using electron microscopic methods (SEM and (S)TEM), especially for nanofibres and platelets.
This document is based on extensive laboratory tests for airborne NOAA, in particular those released during the handling of engineered nanomaterials.
- Technical specification122 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user.
The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document provides rules for workplace sampling and the sample analysis for the determination and characterization of airborne NOAA for electron microscopy and includes:
- the choice of appropriate samplers and their use for the determination and characterization (e.g. classification of structures and morphology) of airborne NOAA using electron microscopic methods (SEM and (S)TEM);
- counting rules and criteria for the determination and characterization (e.g. classification of structures, chemical composition and morphology) of airborne NOAA using electron microscopic methods (SEM and (S)TEM), especially for nanofibres and platelets.
This document is based on extensive laboratory tests for airborne NOAA, in particular those released during the handling of engineered nanomaterials.
- Technical specification122 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods to determine particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) and specified volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes) from desktop MEX-TRB/P processes often used in non-industrial environments such as school, homes and office spaces in an emission test chamber under specified test conditions. However, these tests do not necessarily accurately predict real-world results.
This document specifies a conditioning method using an emission test chamber with controlled temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air velocity, and procedures for monitoring, storage, analysis, calculation, and reporting of emission rates.
This document is intended to cover desktop MEX-TRB/P machine which is typically sized for placement on a desktop, used in non-industrial places like school, home and office space. The primary purpose of this document is to quantify particle and chemical emission rates from desktop MEX-TRB/P machine.
However, not all possible emissions are covered by this method. Many feedstocks can release hazardous emissions that are not measured by the chemical detectors prescribed in this document. It is the responsibility of the user to understand the material being extruded and the potential chemical emissions. An example is Poly Vinyl Chloride feedstocks that can potentially emit chlorinated compounds, which cannot be measured by the method described in this document.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines on the use, calibration and evaluation of low-cost optical particulate matter sensor modules and systems for workplace exposure assessments.
This document is based on extensive laboratory and workplace tests for airborne NOAA.
This document is particularly aimed at engineered NOAA at workplaces and the sensors’ applicability for process control of NOAA-producing plants via airborne particle concentration measurements in workplace air.
NOTE This document is also applicable to other airborne particles included in some of the tests during the prenormative research.
- Technical specification65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines on the use, calibration and evaluation of low-cost optical particulate matter sensor modules and systems for workplace exposure assessments.
This document is based on extensive laboratory and workplace tests for airborne NOAA.
This document is particularly aimed at engineered NOAA at workplaces and the sensors’ applicability for process control of NOAA-producing plants via airborne particle concentration measurements in workplace air.
NOTE This document is also applicable to other airborne particles included in some of the tests during the prenormative research.
- Technical specification65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals:
(111) Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc
welding /USA/
(114) Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
(131) Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(135) Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(136) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(137) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(141) Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/
(15) Plasma arc welding;
(31) Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/
(52) Laser beam welding;
(912) Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/
(97) Braze welding;
— arc and flame gouging;
— arc and laser cutting processes;
— flame and plasma cutting processes;
— metal-spraying (see ISO 4063).
The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered:
— ozone (O3);
— carbon monoxide (CO);
— carbon dioxide (CO2);
— nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
— vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings.
Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered.
The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy.
This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for measuring hazardous substances emitted during the operation of material extrusion type AM machines commonly used in the non-industrial places and includes non-normative suggestions for ways to reduce them.
This document specifies some of the main hazardous substances emitted from this type of machine during operation for currently commonly used materials, it describes the additional information and the associated test method for measuring hazardous substances, and includes considerations for reducing the hazardous substances and basic countermeasures.
This document specifies how to measure concentrations of hazardous substances generated in the non-industrial places (school, public place and so on) in which this type of machines are installed, and to maintain an acceptable work environment by managing field facilities, machines, filaments, and additive manufactured products for the reduction of hazardous substances.
However, this document does not cover all gas-phase chemical emissions. Only a range of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from n-hexane to n-hexadecane, including aldehydes are included. Considerations for reducing chemical emissions and for improving the work environment are given in Annexes A and B.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods to determine particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) and specified volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes) from desktop MEX-TRB/P processes often used in non-industrial environments such as school, homes and office spaces in an emission test chamber under specified test conditions. However, these tests do not necessarily accurately predict real-world results.
This document specifies a conditioning method using an emission test chamber with controlled temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air velocity, and procedures for monitoring, storage, analysis, calculation, and reporting of emission rates.
This document is intended to cover desktop MEX-TRB/P machine which is typically sized for placement on a desktop, used in non-industrial places like school, home and office space. The primary purpose of this document is to quantify particle and chemical emission rates from desktop MEX-TRB/P machine.
However, not all possible emissions are covered by this method. Many feedstocks can release hazardous emissions that are not measured by the chemical detectors prescribed in this document. It is the responsibility of the user to understand the material being extruded and the potential chemical emissions. An example is Poly Vinyl Chloride feedstocks that can potentially emit chlorinated compounds, which cannot be measured by the method described in this document.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods to determine particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) and specified volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes) from desktop MEX-TRB/P processes often used in non-industrial environments such as school, homes and office spaces in an emission test chamber under specified test conditions. However, these tests do not necessarily accurately predict real-world results. This document specifies a conditioning method using an emission test chamber with controlled temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air velocity, and procedures for monitoring, storage, analysis, calculation, and reporting of emission rates. This document is intended to cover desktop MEX-TRB/P machine which is typically sized for placement on a desktop, used in non-industrial places like school, home and office space. The primary purpose of this document is to quantify particle and chemical emission rates from desktop MEX-TRB/P machine. However, not all possible emissions are covered by this method. Many feedstocks can release hazardous emissions that are not measured by the chemical detectors prescribed in this document. It is the responsibility of the user to understand the material being extruded and the potential chemical emissions. An example is Poly Vinyl Chloride feedstocks that can potentially emit chlorinated compounds, which cannot be measured by the method described in this document.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate arsenic and arsenic compounds in workplace air sampled on a filter (e. g. 37 mm cellulose nitrate filter), digested with acid or an acid mixture and analysed quantitively by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The method is not suitable for determination of arsenic in the form of metal arsenides, which decompose in the presence of water or acid, or for arsenic trioxide vapour. Many different types of sampling apparatus are used to collect respirable or inhalable dust, according to the occupational hygiene convention. This document is designed to accommodate the variety of samplers and collection substrates available to analysts. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21832 which promotes best practices for these analyses. The method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0,2 µg to 2 μg of arsenic per sample, for analysis of test solutions prepared using sample solution aliquots in the recommended range (see 10.1.3 and 10.1.4.1). The concentration range for arsenic in air, for which this procedure is applicable, is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user. The method is applicable to personal and stationary air sampling. A number of transition metals can interfere with the determination of arsenic by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (see 11.3).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals:
(111) Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc
welding /USA/
(114) Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
(131) Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(135) Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(136) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(137) Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(141) Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/
(15) Plasma arc welding;
(31) Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/
(52) Laser beam welding;
(912) Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/
(97) Braze welding;
— arc and flame gouging;
— arc and laser cutting processes;
— flame and plasma cutting processes;
— metal-spraying (see ISO 4063).
The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered:
— ozone (O3);
— carbon monoxide (CO);
— carbon dioxide (CO2);
— nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
— vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings.
Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered.
The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy.
This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for measuring hazardous substances emitted during the operation of material extrusion type AM machines commonly used in the non-industrial places and includes non-normative suggestions for ways to reduce them.
This document specifies some of the main hazardous substances emitted from this type of machine during operation for currently commonly used materials, it describes the additional information and the associated test method for measuring hazardous substances, and includes considerations for reducing the hazardous substances and basic countermeasures.
This document specifies how to measure concentrations of hazardous substances generated in the non-industrial places (school, public place and so on) in which this type of machines are installed, and to maintain an acceptable work environment by managing field facilities, machines, filaments, and additive manufactured products for the reduction of hazardous substances.
However, this document does not cover all gas-phase chemical emissions. Only a range of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from n-hexane to n-hexadecane, including aldehydes are included. Considerations for reducing chemical emissions and for improving the work environment are given in Annexes A and B.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for measuring hazardous substances emitted during the operation of material extrusion type AM machines commonly used in the non-industrial places and includes non-normative suggestions for ways to reduce them. This document specifies some of the main hazardous substances emitted from this type of machine during operation for currently commonly used materials, it describes the additional information and the associated test method for measuring hazardous substances, and includes considerations for reducing the hazardous substances and basic countermeasures. This document specifies how to measure concentrations of hazardous substances generated in the non-industrial places (school, public place and so on) in which this type of machines are installed, and to maintain an acceptable work environment by managing field facilities, machines, filaments, and additive manufactured products for the reduction of hazardous substances. However, this document does not cover all gas-phase chemical emissions. Only a range of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from n-hexane to n-hexadecane, including aldehydes are included. Considerations for reducing chemical emissions and for improving the work environment are given in Annexes A and B.
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- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas and hydrochloric acid mist, hydrogen bromide (HBr) vapour and hydrobromic acid mist and nitric acid (HNO3) vapour and mist in workplace air by collection on an alkali-impregnated quartz fibre filter and analysis by ion chromatography. For mist sampling, this method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles as defined in ISO 7708 and to static (area) sampling.
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- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.
4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.
4.3 Through implementation of this practice, users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines to control respiratory hazards in the metal removal environment.
1.2 This practice does not include prevention of dermatitis, which is the subject of Practice E2693, but it does adopt a similar systems management approach with many control elements in common.
1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure via inhalation of metal removal fluids and associated airborne agents.
1.4 Metal removal fluids used for wet machining operations (such as cutting, drilling, milling, or grinding) that remove metal to produce the finished part are a subset of metalworking fluids. This practice does not apply to other operations (such as stamping, rolling, forging, or casting) that use metalworking fluids other than metal removal fluids. These other types of metalworking fluid operations are not included in this document because of limited information on health effects, including epidemiology studies, and on control technologies. Nonetheless, some of the exposure control approaches and guidance contained in this document may be useful for managing respiratory hazards associated with other types of metalworking fluids.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. Exposure to some metal-containing particles has been demonstrated to cause dermatitis, skin ulcers, eye problems, chemical pneumonitis, and other physical disorders (16).3
5.2 FAAS is capable of quantitatively determining many metals in air samples at the levels required by federal, state, and local occupational health and air pollution regulations. The analysis results can be used for the assessment of workplace exposures to metals in workplace air. The suitability of FAAS for elemental analysis for exposure assessment purposes must be investigated prior to carrying out workplace air sampling, in consideration of relevant occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) for metals of concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the collection, dissolution, and determination of trace metals in workplace atmospheres, by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS).
1.2 The estimated method detection limits and optimum working concentration ranges for 21 metals are given in Table 1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific safety precautionary statements are given in Section 9.)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizer, explosives, dyestuffs, other acids, parchment paper, glue, lead acid batteries, textiles, etc., and in the pickling of metals.
5.2 This test method has been found to be satisfactory in the measurement of sulfuric acid for comparison with relevant occupational exposure limits.
Note 2: In some countries the occupational exposure limit value (OELV) for sulfuric acid is related to the thoracic aerosol fraction; in such cases it is recommended to use a sampler for the thoracic aerosol fraction (ISO 20581).6
SCOPE
1.1 This ion chromatographic test method describes the determination of sulfuric acid mist in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres on a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter.
Note 1: Other filter types such as quartz fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters are also suitable.
1.2 The lower detection limit of this test method is 0.001 mg/sample or 0.017 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) mist in 60 L of air sampled at 1 L/min.
1.3 This test method is subject to interference from soluble and partially soluble sulfate salts. Other sulfur-containing compounds can be oxidized to sulfate and also interfere.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 No detailed instrument operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of ion chromatography (IC) systems. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument, analytical column, and suppressors used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air.
These methods are typically applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. It can be applied to other health-related fractions as required.
The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave assisted digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (see 11.2). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein (see Clause 5).
The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 µg to 200 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1]. The electrothermal atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0,01 µg to 0,5 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1].
The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 µg to 100 µg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples[2].
The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see 10.1).
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium. The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user. The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.
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This document specifies performance requirements for battery powered pumps used for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents in workplace air. It also specifies test methods in order to determine the performance characteristics of such pumps under prescribed laboratory conditions.
This document is applicable to battery powered pumps having a nominal volumetric flow rate above 10 ml ⋅ min−1, as used with combinations of sampler and collection substrate for sampling of gases, vapours, dusts, fumes, mists and fibres.
This document is primarily intended for flow-controlled pumps.
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This document specifies requirements for the evaluation of measuring procedures using samplers for the determination of a chemical agent present in the workplace atmosphere as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour.
The procedures given in this document provide results only for the sum of airborne particles and vapour. The concentration is calculated in terms of mass per unit volume.
NOTE The physical behaviour of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour is described in Annex A. Examples of substances which can be present in multiple phases are toluene diisocyanate, diethanolamine, ethyleneglycol and tributylphosphate.
This document can also be applied to complex mixtures, such as metal working fluids or bitumen fumes.
This document is applicable to samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.
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This document specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of diffusive samplers (see Reference [1]) and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (see Reference [2]).
This document is applicable to diffusive samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers, such as ISO 16200‑2 and ISO 16017‑2, in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.
This document is not applicable to
— diffusive samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, and
— diffusive samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid.
This document addresses requirements for method developers and/or manufacturers.
NOTE For the purposes of this document a manufacturer can be any commercial or non-commercial entity.
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This part of IEC 62990 specifies general requirements for design, function and performance, and describes the test methods that apply to portable, transportable, and fixed equipment for the detection and concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres and other industrial and commercial applications. This document is applicable to continuously sensing equipment whose primary purpose is to provide an indication, alarm and/or other output function the purpose of which is to indicate the presence of a toxic gas or vapour in the atmosphere and in some cases to initiate automatic or manual protective action(s). It is applicable to equipment in which the sensor generates an electrical signal when gas is present.
This document applies to two types of equipment:
• Type HM (Health Monitoring) ‘occupational exposure’ equipment: For occupational exposure measurement, the performance requirements are focused on uncertainty of measurement of gas concentrations in the region of Occupational Exposure Limit Values (OELV). The upper limit of measurement will be defined by the manufacturer in accordance with 4.2.1.
• Type SM (Safety Monitoring) ‘general gas detection’ equipment: For general gas detection applications (e.g. safety warning, leak detection), the performance requirements are focused on alarm signalling. The upper limit of measurement will be defined by the manufacturer according to the intended use of the equipment. In general, the requirements for accuracy will be higher for Type HM equipment than for Type SM equipment. The same equipment may meet the requirements of both Type HM and Type SM. For equipment used for sensing the presence of multiple gases this document applies only to the detection of toxic gas or vapour.
This document is not applicable to equipment:
- with samplers and concentrators such as sorbents or paper tape having an irreversible indication;
- used for the measurement of gases and vapours related to the risk of explosion;
- used for the measurement of oxygen; – used only in laboratories for analysis or measurement;
- used only for process measurement purposes;
- used in the domestic environment;
- used in environmental air pollution monitoring;
- used for open-path (line of sight) area gas measurement;
- used for ventilation control in car parks or tunnels.
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This part of IEC 62990 specifies general requirements for design, function and performance, and describes the test methods that apply to portable, transportable, and fixed equipment for the detection and concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres and other industrial and commercial applications. This document is applicable to continuously sensing equipment whose primary purpose is to provide an indication, alarm and/or other output function the purpose of which is to indicate the presence of a toxic gas or vapour in the atmosphere and in some cases to initiate automatic or manual protective action(s). It is applicable to equipment in which the sensor generates an electrical signal when gas is present.
This document applies to two types of equipment:
- Type HM (Health Monitoring) ‘occupational exposure’ equipment: For occupational exposure measurement, the performance requirements are focused on uncertainty of measurement of gas concentrations in the region of Occupational Exposure Limit Values (OELV). The upper limit of measurement will be defined by the manufacturer in accordance with 4.2.1.
- Type SM (Safety Monitoring) ‘general gas detection’ equipment: For general gas detection applications (e.g. safety warning, leak detection), the performance requirements are focused on alarm signalling. The upper limit of measurement will be defined by the manufacturer according to the intended use of the equipment. In general, the requirements for accuracy will be higher for Type HM equipment than for Type SM equipment. The same equipment may meet the requirements of both Type HM and Type SM. For equipment used for sensing the presence of multiple gases this document applies only to the detection of toxic gas or vapour.
This document is not applicable to equipment:
- with samplers and concentrators such as sorbents or paper tape having an irreversible indication;
- used for the measurement of gases and vapours related to the risk of explosion;
- used for the measurement of oxygen; – used only in laboratories for analysis or measurement;
- used only for process measurement purposes;
- used in the domestic environment;
- used in environmental air pollution monitoring;
- used for open-path (line of sight) area gas measurement;
- used for ventilation control in car parks or tunnels.
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This document specifies requirements for the evaluation of measuring procedures using samplers for the determination of a chemical agent present in the workplace atmosphere as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour.
The procedures given in this document provide results only for the sum of airborne particles and vapour. The concentration is calculated in terms of mass per unit volume.
NOTE The physical behaviour of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour is described in Annex A. Examples of substances which can be present in multiple phases are toluene diisocyanate, diethanolamine, ethyleneglycol and tributylphosphate.
This document can also be applied to complex mixtures, such as metal working fluids or bitumen fumes.
This document is applicable to samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.
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This document specifies flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air. These methods are typically applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. It can be applied to other health-related fractions as required. The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave assisted digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (see 11.2). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein (see Clause 5). The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 µg to 200 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1]. The electrothermal atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0,01 µg to 0,5 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1]. The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 µg to 100 µg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples[2]. The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see 10.1).
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This document specifies performance requirements for battery powered pumps used for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents in workplace air. It also specifies test methods in order to determine the performance characteristics of such pumps under prescribed laboratory conditions.
This document is applicable to battery powered pumps having a nominal volumetric flow rate above 10 ml ⋅ min−1, as used with combinations of sampler and collection substrate for sampling of gases, vapours, dusts, fumes, mists and fibres.
This document is primarily intended for flow-controlled pumps.
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This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system.
Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the evaluation of measuring procedures using samplers for the determination of a chemical agent present in the workplace atmosphere as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour. The procedures given in this document provide results only for the sum of airborne particles and vapour. The concentration is calculated in terms of mass per unit volume. NOTE The physical behaviour of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour is described in Annex A. Examples of substances which can be present in multiple phases are toluene diisocyanate, diethanolamine, ethyleneglycol and tributylphosphate. This document can also be applied to complex mixtures, such as metal working fluids or bitumen fumes. This document is applicable to samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exposure to beryllium can cause a potentially fatal disease, and occupational exposure limits for beryllium in air and on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks to potentially affected workers (4-7). Sampling and analytical methods for beryllium are needed in order to meet the challenges relating to exposure assessment and risk reduction. Sampling and analysis methods, such as the procedure described in this test method, are desired in order to facilitate on-site and fixed-site laboratory measurement of trace beryllium. Beryllium analysis results can then be used as a basis for exposure assessment and protection of human health.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of beryllium by sampling workplace air and surface dust.
1.2 This test method assumes that air and surface samples are collected using appropriate and applicable ASTM International standard practices for sampling of workplace air and surface dust. These samples are typically collected using air filter sampling, vacuum sampling or wiping techniques. See Guide E1370 for guidance on air sampling strategies, and Guide D7659 for guidance on selection of surface sampling techniques.
1.3 Determination of beryllium in soil is not within the scope of this test method. See Test Method D7458 for determination of beryllium in soil samples.
1.4 This test method includes a procedure for extraction (dissolution) of beryllium in weakly acidic medium (pH of 1 % aqueous ammonium bifluoride is 4.8), followed by field analysis of aliquots of the extract solution using a beryllium-specific-optically fluorescent dye.
1.5 The procedure is suitable for on-site use in the field for occupational and environmental hygiene monitoring purposes. The method is also applicable for use in fixed-site laboratories.
1.6 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable fluorometric instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Standards for O3 in the atmosphere have been promulgated by government authorities to protect the health and welfare of the public (6) and also for the protection of industrial workers (7).
5.2 Although O3 itself is a toxic material, in ambient air it is primarily the photochemical oxidants formed along with O3 in polluted air exposed to sunlight that cause smog symptoms such as lachrymation and burning eyes. Ozone is much more easily monitored than these photochemical oxidants and provides a good indication of their concentrations, and it is therefore the substance that is specified in air quality standards and regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuous analysis of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2000 μg/m3 of O3 in air (5 ppb(v) to 1 ppm(v)).
1.1.1 The test method is limited to applications by its sensitivity to interferences as described in Section 6. The interference sensitivities may limit its use for ambient and workplace atmospheres.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies performance requirements for battery powered pumps used for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents in workplace air. It also specifies test methods in order to determine the performance characteristics of such pumps under prescribed laboratory conditions. This document is applicable to battery powered pumps having a nominal volumetric flow rate above 10 ml ⋅ min−1, as used with combinations of sampler and collection substrate for sampling of gases, vapours, dusts, fumes, mists and fibres. This document is primarily intended for flow-controlled pumps.
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This document specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of diffusive samplers (see Reference [1]) and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (see Reference [2]).
This document is applicable to diffusive samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers, such as ISO 16200‑2 and ISO 16017‑2, in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.
This document is not applicable to
— diffusive samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, and
— diffusive samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid.
This document addresses requirements for method developers and/or manufacturers.
NOTE For the purposes of this document a manufacturer can be any commercial or non-commercial entity.
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This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or terms which are specific to physical and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
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This document specifies general requirements for the evaluation of volumetric bioaerosol samplers in order to assess workplace exposure and their physical and biological performance.
This document describes the procedures for the development of volumetric bioaerosol samplers as well as their properties and validation.
This document provides a description of a test facility and selection criteria for microbial strains that can be used to assess their biological performance.
This document addresses requirements to manufacturers and developers of volumetric bioaerosol samplers as well as to test facilities with the equipment and skills to carry out the performance measurements of these samplers (see Annex D for application guidance).
This document is not intended for operators who use volumetric bioaerosol samplers to carry out exposure measurements for workers at occupational settings.
This document is not applicable for clean room measurements other than for occupational safety.
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This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system.
Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in workplace air by ion chromatography. The anions are detected by conductivity. The method is applicable to the personal sampling of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. The method does not apply to the determination of sulfur trioxide. The procedure does not differentiate between the acids and their corresponding salts if both are present in the workplace air. The procedure does not differentiate between phosphoric acid and diphosphorus pentoxide (phosphoric anhydride) if both are present in the workplace air.
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This document specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of diffusive samplers (see Reference [1]) and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (see Reference [2]). This document is applicable to diffusive samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers, such as ISO 16200‑2 and ISO 16017‑2, in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages. This document is not applicable to - diffusive samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, and - diffusive samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid. This document addresses requirements for method developers and/or manufacturers. NOTE For the purposes of this document a manufacturer can be any commercial or non-commercial entity.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.
5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines (for example, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH).7
5.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58. This adaptation was made to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personal or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.
Note 1: A study has suggested candidate solvents for benzene replacement.2 A less toxic solvent for this analysis would be more appropriate, although the substitution with a solvent other than benzene needs further validations with field data.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposures to benzene-soluble particulate matter in a concentration range that can be related to occupational exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the sampling and gravimetric determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has become airborne as a result of certain industrial processes. This test method can be used to determine the total weight of benzene-soluble materials and to provide a sample that may be used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble components.
1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m3 by sampling a 1 m3 volume of air.
Note 1: Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be desirable, the substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on benzene-soluble determinations has been accumulated over many years in several industries.2 Some of the determinations have been used in epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in existing United States federal standards.3 As a result, it appears imprudent to use a different solvent until the qualitative and quantitative relationship of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established. With proper care, benzene can be safely used in the laboratory.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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