M/602 - SPVD

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
This document applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys. In this document the term aluminium stands for aluminium and for aluminium alloys.
This document does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is addressed in ISO 15614-4.
Arc welding of aluminium is covered by the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063:2023:
131 — MIG welding with solid wire electrode;
141 — TIG welding with solid filler material (wire/rod);
142 — Autogenous TIG welding;
15 — plasma arc welding.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
This document applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys. In this document the term aluminium stands for aluminium and for aluminium alloys.
This document does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is addressed in ISO 15614-4.
Arc welding of aluminium is covered by the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063:2023:
131 — MIG welding with solid wire electrode;
141 — TIG welding with solid filler material (wire/rod);
142 — Autogenous TIG welding;
15 — plasma arc welding.

This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
This document does not apply to personnel who:
—     do not control or adjust welding parameters;
—     are not involved in the setup of welding equipment.
Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.

This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
This document does not apply to personnel who:
—     do not control or adjust welding parameters;
—     are not involved in the setup of welding equipment.
Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars made of steel in accordance with the specifications for pressurized parts in simple pressure vessels as defined in the Directive 2014/29/EU (see Annex A) and standardized in EN 286-1 to EN 286-3.
NOTE   Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive 2014/29/EU, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/29/EU is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 2014/29/EU are satisfied, needs to be done.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars made of steel in accordance with the specifications for pressurized parts in simple pressure vessels as defined in the Directive 2014/29/EU (see Annex A) and standardized in EN 286-1 to EN 286-3.
NOTE   Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive 2014/29/EU, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/29/EU is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 2014/29/EU are satisfied, needs to be done.

ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application.
Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1.
Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply.
This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063.
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding;
14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable.
It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.

This document specifies the requirements for qualification testing of welders for fusion welding of steels,
aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium.
In this document, the terms "aluminium", “copper”, “nickel”, “titanium” and “zirconium” refer to the
materials and their alloys.
This document provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and
enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and
examiner or examining body.
When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability to manually manipulate the
electrode, welding torch or welding blowpipe, thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
The fusion welding processes referred to in this document include welding processes which are
designated as manual or partly mechanized.
This document does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes which are covered by
ISO 14732.
The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes.

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, for air brake equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock.
It defines three types of vessel A, B and C (see Table 1) corresponding to the current practice of European railway networks.
1.2   The vessels in this document are:
a)   made from a single shell;
b)   made from non-alloy steel;
c)   fabricated by welding;
d)   used at a maximum working pressure up to 15 bar;
e)   the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre): 50 bar litres < PV ≤ 10 000 bar litres;
f)   made of a cylindrical part of circular cross-section called the shell with two outwardly dished torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This document therefore does not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g)   calculated with a design pressure P (see 5.1.4.1.2);
h)   designed for a working temperature of between −40 °C and +100 °C;
i)   fastened to vehicles:
1)   by straps for types A and B vessels,
2)   by welded brackets for types B and C vessels.
1.3   In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 10 % of PS, the maximum working pressure PS, is permitted.
1.4   This document applies to the vessel, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5   This document gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design, fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering practice.
This document gives:
a)   in Annex B, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b)   in Annex C, recommendations for the service surveillance of type A vessels;
c)   in Annex D, recommendations for the service surveillance of types B and C vessels.
The requirements of this document apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail vehicles.
Table 1 - Definition of types of vessel
[table not reproduced]

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of welded, simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, with a single or multiple compartment, here-in-after referred to as vessels.
It only applies to vessels that:
a)   include fabrication by welding, but some designs can entail the use of bolts;
b)   have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either
1)   a cylindrical part of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends which revolve around the same axis as the cylindrical part; or
2)   two outwardly dished ends revolving around the same axis.
1.2   It applies to vessels which are intended to contain air or nitrogen which are not intended to be fired and which operate within the following constraints:
a)   subjected to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar;
b)   the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;
NOTE   In this document, the use of "aluminium" covers non-alloy aluminium and aluminium alloys.
c)   the maximum working pressure is not greater than 30 bar. The product of the maximum working pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS · V) is greater than 50 bar · l but does not exceed 10 000 bar · l. Below 50 bar · l use of this document is considered to fulfil the requirements of sound engineering practice;
d)   the minimum working temperature is not lower than −50 °C and maximum working temperature not higher than 300 °C for steel and 100 °C for aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels.
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.
The document neither applies to transportation vessels nor to vessels which also contain substances other than air or nitrogen which could adversely affect their safety. For vessels to contain compressed air for braking systems of road vehicles and their trailers, see also EN 286-2. For vessels to contain compressed air for braking systems of rail mounted vehicles, see also EN 286-3 and EN 286-4.
1.3   It applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections required for valves and fittings.
1.4   For the purposes of calculations required to be made in accordance with this document, dimensions are in millimetre, pressures are in bar (except otherwise specified), stresses are in newton per square millimetre and temperatures are in degree Celsius.

1.1   This document is applicable to simple unfired aluminium alloy pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this document, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock (see 1.6).
1.2   The vessels to this document are:
a)   made from a single shell;
b)   made from aluminium alloy;
c)   fabricated by welding;
d)   used at a maximum working pressure of 10 bar;
e)   the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre): 50 bar litres < PV ≤ 10 000 bar litres;
f)   made of a cylindrical part of circular cross section called the shell with two outwardly dished torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This document therefore does not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g)   calculated with a design pressure P (See 5.1.4.2);
h)   designed for a working temperature of between −50 °C and +100 °C [+65 °C for certain grades of aluminium alloy (see 4.1.1)];
i)   fastened to the vehicles by straps.
1.3   In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 1 bar of the maximum working pressure is permitted (10 % of PS).
1.4   This document applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5   This document gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design, fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering practice.
This document gives:
a)   in Annex B, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b)   in Annex C, recommendations for the service surveillance of vessels.
1.6   The requirements of this document apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams, private networks (regional railways, company railways, etc.).

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially pressure vessels, herein after referred to as vessels, designed for air brake equipment and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which:
a)   include fabrication by welding;
b)   have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either:
1)   a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having the same axis of revolution as the shell; or
2)   two dished ends having the same axis of revolution;
c)   have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are welded.
1.2   It applies to vessels intended to contain only compressed air, and which operate within the following constraints:
a)   subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar;
b)   the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;
c)   maximum working pressure 30 bar, the product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS ∙ V) is greater than 50 bar l and not exceeding 1 500 bar l;
d)   capacity not exceeding 150 l;
e)   minimum working temperature not lower than −50 °C and maximum working temperature not higher than 100 °C for aluminium vessels and not higher than 150 °C for steel vessels.
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.

ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application.
Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1.
Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply.
This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063.
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding;
14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable.
It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.

This document specifies the requirements for qualification testing of welders for fusion welding of steels,
aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium.
In this document, the terms "aluminium", “copper”, “nickel”, “titanium” and “zirconium” refer to the
materials and their alloys.
This document provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and
enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and
examiner or examining body.
When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability to manually manipulate the
electrode, welding torch or welding blowpipe, thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
The fusion welding processes referred to in this document include welding processes which are
designated as manual or partly mechanized.
This document does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes which are covered by
ISO 14732.
The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes.

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially pressure vessels, herein after referred to as vessels, designed for air brake equipment and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which:
a)   include fabrication by welding;
b)   have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either:
1)   a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having the same axis of revolution as the shell; or
2)   two dished ends having the same axis of revolution;
c)   have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are welded.
1.2   It applies to vessels intended to contain only compressed air, and which operate within the following constraints:
a)   subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar;
b)   the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;
c)   maximum working pressure 30 bar, the product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS ∙ V) is greater than 50 bar l and not exceeding 1 500 bar l;
d)   capacity not exceeding 150 l;
e)   minimum working temperature not lower than −50 °C and maximum working temperature not higher than 100 °C for aluminium vessels and not higher than 150 °C for steel vessels.
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.

1.1   This document is applicable to simple unfired aluminium alloy pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this document, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock (see 1.6).
1.2   The vessels to this document are:
a)   made from a single shell;
b)   made from aluminium alloy;
c)   fabricated by welding;
d)   used at a maximum working pressure of 10 bar;
e)   the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre): 50 bar litres < PV ≤ 10 000 bar litres;
f)   made of a cylindrical part of circular cross section called the shell with two outwardly dished torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This document therefore does not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g)   calculated with a design pressure P (See 5.1.4.2);
h)   designed for a working temperature of between −50 °C and +100 °C [+65 °C for certain grades of aluminium alloy (see 4.1.1)];
i)   fastened to the vehicles by straps.
1.3   In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 1 bar of the maximum working pressure is permitted (10 % of PS).
1.4   This document applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5   This document gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design, fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering practice.
This document gives:
a)   in Annex B, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b)   in Annex C, recommendations for the service surveillance of vessels.
1.6   The requirements of this document apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams, private networks (regional railways, company railways, etc.).

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, for air brake equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock.
It defines three types of vessel A, B and C (see Table 1) corresponding to the current practice of European railway networks.
1.2   The vessels in this document are:
a)   made from a single shell;
b)   made from non-alloy steel;
c)   fabricated by welding;
d)   used at a maximum working pressure up to 15 bar;
e)   the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre): 50 bar litres < PV ≤ 10 000 bar litres;
f)   made of a cylindrical part of circular cross-section called the shell with two outwardly dished torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This document therefore does not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g)   calculated with a design pressure P (see 5.1.4.1.2);
h)   designed for a working temperature of between −40 °C and +100 °C;
i)   fastened to vehicles:
1)   by straps for types A and B vessels,
2)   by welded brackets for types B and C vessels.
1.3   In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 10 % of PS, the maximum working pressure PS, is permitted.
1.4   This document applies to the vessel, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5   This document gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design, fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering practice.
This document gives:
a)   in Annex B, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b)   in Annex C, recommendations for the service surveillance of type A vessels;
c)   in Annex D, recommendations for the service surveillance of types B and C vessels.
The requirements of this document apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail vehicles.
Table 1 - Definition of types of vessel
[table not reproduced]

1.1   This document applies to the design and manufacture of welded, simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, with a single or multiple compartment, here-in-after referred to as vessels.
It only applies to vessels that:
a)   include fabrication by welding, but some designs can entail the use of bolts;
b)   have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either
1)   a cylindrical part of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends which revolve around the same axis as the cylindrical part; or
2)   two outwardly dished ends revolving around the same axis.
1.2   It applies to vessels which are intended to contain air or nitrogen which are not intended to be fired and which operate within the following constraints:
a)   subjected to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar;
b)   the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;
NOTE   In this document, the use of "aluminium" covers non-alloy aluminium and aluminium alloys.
c)   the maximum working pressure is not greater than 30 bar. The product of the maximum working pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS · V) is greater than 50 bar · l but does not exceed 10 000 bar · l. Below 50 bar · l use of this document is considered to fulfil the requirements of sound engineering practice;
d)   the minimum working temperature is not lower than −50 °C and maximum working temperature not higher than 300 °C for steel and 100 °C for aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels.
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.
The document neither applies to transportation vessels nor to vessels which also contain substances other than air or nitrogen which could adversely affect their safety. For vessels to contain compressed air for braking systems of road vehicles and their trailers, see also EN 286-2. For vessels to contain compressed air for braking systems of rail mounted vehicles, see also EN 286-3 and EN 286-4.
1.3   It applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections required for valves and fittings.
1.4   For the purposes of calculations required to be made in accordance with this document, dimensions are in millimetre, pressures are in bar (except otherwise specified), stresses are in newton per square millimetre and temperatures are in degree Celsius.