77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
ICS 77.120.10 Details
Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Aluminium und -legierungen
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.120.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Aluminium and aluminium alloys". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 440 standards classified under ICS 77.120.10 (Aluminium and aluminium alloys). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies two methods to assess the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys:
— Method 1 which assesses the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measuring the loss of mass after immersion in a phosphoric acid based solution without prior acid treatment;
— Method 2 which assesses the quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measuring the loss of mass after immersion in a phosphoric acid based solution with prior acid treatment.
Method 1 is applicable to anodic oxidation coatings intended for decorative or protective purposes or where resistance to staining is important.
Method 2 is applicable to anodic oxidation coatings intended for outdoor architectural purposes. For less severe applications, Method 1 can be more suitable.
The methods are not applicable to the following:
— hard-type anodic oxidation coatings which normally are not sealed;
— anodic oxidation coatings that have been sealed only in dichromate solutions;
— anodic oxidation coatings produced in chromic acid solutions;
— anodic oxidation coatings that have undergone treatment to render them hydrophobic.
NOTE 1 While the methods assess the quality of hydrothermal sealing applied to anodized aluminium, they can be appropriate for other sealing methods.
NOTE 2 The methods are destructive and can serve as reference methods in case of doubt or dispute regarding the results of the test for loss of absorptive power (see ISO 2143) or the measurement of admittance (see ISO 2931).
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
This document applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys. In this document the term aluminium stands for aluminium and for aluminium alloys.
This document does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is addressed in ISO 15614-4.
Arc welding of aluminium is covered by the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063:2023:
131 — MIG welding with solid wire electrode;
141 — TIG welding with solid filler material (wire/rod);
142 — Autogenous TIG welding;
15 — plasma arc welding.
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This document specifies criteria for sampling from aluminium and aluminium alloy melts in order to determine the chemical composition.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
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This document specifies criteria for sampling from aluminium and aluminium alloy melts in order to determine the chemical composition.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
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This document specifies the mechanical properties of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloy finstock.
The chemical composition limits of these materials are specified in EN 573 3, unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The designations of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and the temper designations used in this document are specified in EN 573 3, and the temper designations are defined in EN 515.
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the mechanical properties of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloy finstock.
The chemical composition limits of these materials are specified in EN 573 3, unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The designations of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and the temper designations used in this document are specified in EN 573 3, and the temper designations are defined in EN 515.
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the requirements for grades of unalloyed aluminium ingots intended for remelting. It specifies the classification and designation applicable to these grades, the conditions in which they are produced, their properties and the marks by which they are identified.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel.
The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies the mechanical properties of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloy finstock.
The chemical composition limits of these materials are specified in EN 573 3, unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The designations of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and the temper designations used in this document are specified in EN 573 3, and the temper designations are defined in EN 515.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the mechanical properties of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloy finstock.
The chemical composition limits of these materials are specified in EN 573 3, unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The designations of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and the temper designations used in this document are specified in EN 573 3, and the temper designations are defined in EN 515.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 HIP of castings should be performed in the as cast condition. Post HIP inspection of castings should result in a reduction of porosity that is evident in x-ray grade and properties.
4.2 HIP will not eliminate inclusions or surface-connected porosity in a casting.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of aluminum alloy castings. HIPing is a process in which components are subjected to the simultaneous application of heat and high pressure in an inert gas medium. The process is to be used for the reduction of internal (non-surface connected) porosity. The document is to describe the general parameters of the HIP process, describe certification procedures and a description that the process has been followed. It is not intended to be a description of a heat treating procedure. This is not meant to supersede an end user’s specification where one exists.2
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the chemical composition limits of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and form of products.
NOTE The chemical composition limits of aluminium and aluminium alloys specified herein are completely identical with those registered with the Aluminium Association, 1525, Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA, for the corresponding alloys.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The nitric acid dissolves a second phase, an aluminum-magnesium intermetallic compound (βAl-Mg), in preference to the solid solution of magnesium in the aluminum matrix. When this compound is precipitated in a relatively continuous network along grain boundaries, the effect of the preferential attack is to corrode around the grains, causing them to fall away from the specimens. Such dropping out of the grains causes relatively large mass losses of the order of 25 mg/cm2 to 75 mg/cm2 (160 mg/in.2 to 480 mg/in.2), whereas, samples of intergranular-resistant materials lose only about 1 mg/cm2 to 15 mg/cm2 (10 mg/in.2 to 100 mg/in.2). When the βAl-Mg compound is randomly distributed, the preferential attack can result in intermediate mass losses. Metallographic examination is required in such cases to establish whether or not the loss in mass is the result of intergranular attack.
4.2 The precipitation of the second phase in the grain boundaries also gives rise to intergranular corrosion when the material is exposed to chloride-containing natural environments, such as seacoast atmospheres or sea water. The extent to which the alloy will be susceptible to intergranular corrosion depends upon the degree of precipitate continuity in the grain boundaries. Visible manifestations of the attack may be in various forms such as pitting, exfoliation, or stress-corrosion cracking, depending upon the morphology of the grain structure and the presence of sustained tensile stress.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, also known as the Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test (NAMLT), covers a procedure for constant immersion intergranular corrosion testing of 5XXX series aluminum alloys.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to wrought products.
1.3 This test method covers type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the chemical composition limits of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and form of products.
NOTE The chemical composition limits of aluminium and aluminium alloys specified herein are completely identical with those registered with the Aluminium Association, 1525, Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA, for the corresponding alloys.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as.a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance. Coatings are categorized into four classes according to corrosion protection and finish. The type of conversion coating depends on the composition of the solution and may also be affected by pH, temperature, duration of the treatment, and the nature and surface condition. Films are normally applied by dipping, but may also be applied by inundation, spraying, roller coating, or by wipe-on techniques. Coatings shall adhere to specified electrical resistance, adhesion, and corrosion resistance requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to give protection against corrosion and as a base for other coatings.
1.2 Aluminum and aluminum alloys are conversion coated in order to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors. The bars, rods, tubes, pipes, structural profiles and profiles shall be produced by hot extrusion or by similar methods. Pipe or tube may be produced through porthole or bridge type dies. Tensile properties of the specimens such as tensile and yield strengths and bending shall be determined by tension test and bending test, respectively. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors as follows:
1.1.1 Type B—Hot-finished bar, rod, tube, pipe, structural profiles and profiles in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type B tolerances, as shown in the “List of ANSI Tables of Dimensional Tolerances.”
1.1.2 Type C—Hot-finished rectangular bar in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type C tolerances as listed in the tolerances and permissible variations tables.
1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designation in accordance with Practice E527 is A96101 for Alloy 6101.
Note 1: Type A material, last covered in the 1966 issue of this specification, is no longer available; therefore, requirements for cold-finished rectangular bar have been deleted.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes temper designations as required for identification for all product forms of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for aluminium pigments suitable for use in paints including:
a) general, decorative and protective paints, and
b) special finishing paints.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for vacuum metallized aluminium pigments (VMP) suitable for use in paints and printing ink industries.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys using a Barcol Impressor.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Some Barcol Impressors are for use on plastics and are not included in this test method and should not be used for aluminum alloys.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers pigmented, sprayable, low volatile organic compound (VOC) corrosion-inhibiting adhesive primers for use on aluminum alloys that are to be adhesively bonded in the fabrication of panels for tactical or relocatable shelters. When applied to a properly prepared surface of aluminum alloy, the primer imparts corrosion resistance and forms a surface suitable for structural bonding and for coating with shelter paint finishes. The physical properties of uncured liquid polymer, cured film on primed surfaces, and bonded specimens shall conform to the prescribed requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pigmented, sprayable, low volatile organic compound (VOC) corrosion-inhibiting adhesive primers for use on aluminum alloys that are to be adhesively bonded in the fabrication of panels for tactical shelters. When applied to a properly prepared surface of aluminum alloy, the primer imparts corrosion resistance and forms a surface suitable for structural bonding and for coating with shelter paint finishes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Webster hardness gage is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes. It is not as sensitive as Rockwell or Brinell hardness machines; see 10.2.
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys with a Webster hardness gage, Model B.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Two other models, A and B-75, are in use, but are not covered in this test method. Model A does not provide numerical values of hardness and Model B-75 covers only a part of the range of interest for aluminum alloys.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method
(ICP-OES) for the analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
This method is applicable to the determination of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, gallium, vanadium, beryllium, bismuth, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, sodium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium and zirconium in aluminium and aluminium alloys.
The content of the elements to be determined should be at least 10 times higher than the corresponding detection limits.
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This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method
(ICP-OES) for the analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
This method is applicable to the determination of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, gallium, vanadium, beryllium, bismuth, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, sodium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium and zirconium in aluminium and aluminium alloys.
The content of the elements to be determined should be at least 10 times higher than the corresponding detection limits.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is normally used for stress-corrosion screening for the development of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing less than 0.26 % copper. Effects on stress-corrosion resistance due to variables such as composition, thermo-mechanical processing, other fabrication variables, and magnitude of applied stress may be compared.
4.2 For a given mechanical method of stressing, the relative stress-corrosion resistance of the low copper Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys in atmospheric exposure correlates better with performance in boiling 6 % sodium chloride solution than with other accelerated testing media (7-9). In addition, this practice is relatively rapid.
4.3 This practice is not applicable to 2XXX (Al-Cu), 5XXX (Al-Mg), 6XXX (Al-Mg-Si), and the 7XXX (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) series alloys containing more than 1.2 % copper.
4.3.1 For 7XXX series alloys containing between 0.26 % and 1.2 % copper, there is no general agreement as to whether this practice or Practice G44 correlates better with stress-corrosion resistance in service (5-8, 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice primarily covers the test medium which may be used with a variety of test specimens and methods of applying stress. Exposure times, criteria of failure, and so on, are variable and not specified.
1.2 This stress-corrosion testing practice is intended for statically loaded smooth non-welded or welded specimens of 7XXX series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing less than 0.26 % copper.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for additional precautions.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is especially useful for evaluating the adequacy of quenching when performed on material in the as-quenched condition. The practice may also be used to study the effect of subsequent thermal processes (for example, paint or bonding cures) or of actual precipitation treatments on the inherent type of corrosion. Intergranular corrosion resistance of heat treatable aluminum alloys is often directly related to the quenching conditions applied after solution heat treatment and to the subsequent aging treatment.4
4.2 This practice is not well suited for non-heat treatable work hardening aluminum alloys, such as the 1XXX, 3XXX, and 5XXX series (see Test Method G67).
4.3 This practice does not deal with the interpretation of resulting intergranular corrosion. The significance of the extent and depth of any intergranular corrosion resulting from this test is to be agreed upon between producer and user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for immersion tests in sodium chloride + hydrogen peroxide solution. It is primarily for tests of wrought heat treatable aluminum alloys (2XXX and 7XXX) but may be used for other aluminum alloys, including castings. It sets forth the specimen preparation procedures and the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them.
1.2 This practice is intended for evaluations during alloy development and for evaluating production where it may serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material (see MIL-H-6088 and U.S. Federal Test Method Std. 151b). Therefore strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to lot-to-lot differences in the material being tested.
Note 1: This practice does not address sampling or interpretation or significance of results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Although there are ASTM test methods for exfoliation testing, they concentrate on specific procedures for test methodology itself. Existent test methods do not discuss material variables that can affect performance. Likewise they do not address the need to establish the suitability of an accelerated test for alloys never previously tested nor the need to correlate results of accelerated tests with tests in outdoor atmospheres and with end-use performance.
4.2 This guide is a compilation of the experience of investigators skilled in the art of conducting exfoliation tests and assessing the degree and significance of the damage encountered. The focus is on two general aspects: guides to techniques that will enhance the likelihood of obtaining reliable information, and tips and procedures to avoid pitfalls that could lead to erroneous results and conclusions.
4.3 The following three areas of testing are considered: the test materials starting with the “as-received” sample up through final specimen preparation, the corrosion test procedures including choice of test, inspection periods, termination point, and rating procedures, and analyses of results and methods for reporting them.
4.4 This guide is not intended as a specific corrosion test procedure by which to evaluate the resistance to exfoliation of an aluminum alloy product.
4.5 This guide is not intended as a basis for specifications, nor as a guide for material lot acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide differs from the usual ASTM standard in that it does not address a specific test. Rather, it is an introductory guide for new users of various standard exfoliation test methods with consideration for specific aluminum alloy families (see Terminology G193 for definition of exfoliation).
1.2 This guide covers aspects of specimen preparation, exposure, inspection, and evaluation for conducting exfoliation tests on aluminum alloys in both laboratory accelerated environments and in natural, outdoor atmospheres. The intent is to clarify any gaps in existent test methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Guide8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical requirements for commercial high fluidity zinc-aluminum alloys in ingot form for remelting for the manufacture of thin wall pressure die castings. A table designates and specifies the requirements for aluminum, magnesium, copper, iron, lead, cadmium, tin, and zinc. The ingots shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition as prescribed in this table. The specification also covers methods for the determination of chemical composition; dimensions, mass, and permissible variation; and shapes and sizes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a commercial zinc-aluminum alloy in ingot form for remelting for the manufacture of thin wall pressure die castings as designated and specified in Table 1.
1.2 Systems of nomenclature used to designate zinc and zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloys used for casting are described in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt welds detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels can be applied to other types of welds (such as fillet welds etc.) or materials.
The acceptance levels can be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. This document assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with ISO 17636‑1 for RT-F (F = film) or ISO 17636‑2 for RT-S (S = radioscopy) and RT-D (D = digital detectors).
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ABSTRACT
This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–type tempers. The equipment shall be used for billet preheating, extruding and quenching. Quenching methods may consist of, but are not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air, water spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof. Surveillance tests should include tensile properties for all material and metallographic examination to confirm that the elevated temperature shaping process has not resulted in eutectic melting or subsurface porosity from hydrogen diffusion. Specimens shall be sectioned in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion, polished to an appropriate fineness, mildly etched with an etchant such as Keller’s reagent to reveal any evidence of eutectic melting. Specimens shall also be subjected to tension and hardness tests. During the extrusion process, the following temperature measuring points should be monitored and controlled as per the producer’s internal procedures. The measuring points include but are not limited to: billet or log temperature in the heating equipment, billet or log temperature after heating and before charging into the extrusion press, temperature of the extrudate at the press exit, temperature of the extrudate at quench entry, temperature of the extrudate at the completion of quench, and billet temperature shall not exceed the maximum temperature for the alloy. Artificial aging shall be accomplished using times and temperatures as necessary to achieve required properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M).
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the 6xxx and 7xxx alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M). It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive. For the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9-type tempers by extrusion press solution heat treatment, refer to Practice B807/B807M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be released to customers.
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three main areas:
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the routine testing of aluminum and aluminum alloys to quantitatively determine the mass fraction of hydrogen in aluminum and aluminum alloys. It is not intended to verify compliance with compositional specifications because of the lack of certified reference materials. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of hydrogen in aluminum and aluminum alloys in mass fractions from 0.05 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers aluminum-base and zinc-base master alloys used to make zinc die-casting alloys. The material may be made by any suitable process. The material covered by this specification shall be of uniform quality and shall be free of dross, flux, or other harmful contamination. If the material is in shot form, it shall be sound, uniform size, and free of a heavily oxidized surface coating, stringers, and moisture. Aluminum-base master alloys (hardeners) shall be tested and conform to the required chemical composition for aluminum, copper, iron, silicon, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, nickel, tin, lead, and cadmium. Zinc-base master alloys shall conform to the color code requirements and to the required alloy composition for aluminum, magnesium, iron, copper, lead, cadmium, tin, and zinc. The weight of jumbo ingots shall conform to the required weight limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-base and zinc-base master alloys used to make zinc die-casting alloys. Alloy compositions specified for aluminum-base master alloys (hardeners) are designated as shown in Table 1. Alloy compositions specified for the zinc-base master alloys are designated as shown in Table 2.
1.2 Aluminum alloy hardeners are added to Special High Grade zinc (per Specification B6) in the proper alloying ratios, as shown in Table 1, to produce zinc alloys for die casting.
1.3 Zinc-base master alloy is added to Special High Grade zinc (per Specification B6) in the proper alloying ratio, as shown in Table 3, to produce zinc alloy for die casting.
1.4 Master alloys may be supplied in the form of shot, bar, ingot, or jumbo ingot as specified by the purchaser. Specification B897 covers configuration of jumbo, block, half block, and slab ingot.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the measurement of specular reflectance and specular gloss of flat samples of anodized aluminium using geometries of 20° (Method A), 45° (Method B), 60° (Method C) and 85° (Method D) and of specular reflectance by an additional 45° method (Method E) employing a narrow acceptance angle.
The methods described are intended mainly for use with clear anodized surfaces. They can be used with colour-anodized aluminium, but only with similar colours.
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- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification involves alphabetical ratings intended only to provide a qualitative guide for materials selection. The ratings are based primarily on the results of standard corrosion tests.
4.2 Interpretations of the SCC ratings in terms of typical problem areas including service experience are given in Table 1. Practical experience has shown that SCC problems with aluminum alloys generally have involved situations where the direction and magnitude of the tensile stresses resulting from manufacturing or use, or both, of the material were not recognized. (A) The sum of all stresses including those from service loads (applied), heat treatment, straightening, forming, and so forth.
4.3 A list of the SCC ratings for the heat-treatable aluminum alloy products is given in Table 2. Revisions to the table will be required as new materials become available and additional test results are accumulated. (A) The ratings apply to standard mill products in the types of tempers indicated, including stress-relieved tempers, and could be invalidated in some cases by application of nonstandard thermal treatments or mechanical deformation at room temperature by the user.(B) Test direction refers to orientation of the stressing direction relative to the directional grain structure typical of wrought materials, which in the case of extrusions and forgings may not be predictable from the geometrical cross section of the product.
L — Longitudinal: parallel to direction of principal metal extension during manufacture of the product.
LT—Long Transverse: perpendicular to direction of principal metal extension. In products whose grain structure clearly shows directionality (width-to-thickness ratio greater than two) it is that perpendicular direction parallel to the major grain dimension.
ST—Short Transverse: perpendicular to direction of principal metal extension and parallel to minor dimension of grains in products with significant grain directionality.(C) Sections wit...
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers alphabetical ratings of the relative resistance to SCC of various mill product forms of the wrought 2XXX, 6XXX, and 7XXX series heat-treated aluminum alloys and the procedure for determining the ratings.
1.2 The ratings do not apply to metal in which the metallurgical structure has been altered by welding, forming, or other fabrication processes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies requirements and the corresponding methods of test relating to the organic coating of aluminium and aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for architectural purposes, using coating powders. It also describes:
a) the pretreatment of the substrate prior to the coating process;
b) the coating powder;
c) the coating process;
d) the final product.
Each item is dealt with separately in this document so that any interested party can ensure compliance appropriate to its area of responsibility.
CAUTION - The procedures described in this standard are intended to be carried out by suitably trained and/or supervised personnel. The substances and procedures used in this method could be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. Attention is drawn in the text to specific hazards. This document refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety.
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This document specifies requirements for resistance spot welding in the fabrication of assemblies of aluminium sheet, extrusions (both work- and age-hardening alloys) and/or cast material comprising two or three thicknesses of metal, where the maximum single (sheet) thickness of components to be welded is within the range 0,6 mm to 6 mm.
This document is applicable to the welding of sheets or plates of dissimilar thickness where the thickness ratio is less than or equal to 3:1. It applies to the welding of three thicknesses where the total thickness is less than or equal to 9 mm.
Welding with the following types of machines is within the scope of this document:
— pedestal welding machines;
— gun welders;
— automatic welding equipment where the components are fed by robots or automatic feeding equipment;
— multi-welders;
— robotic welders.
Information on appropriate welding equipment is given in Annex A and on spot welding conditions in Annex B. The latter are for guidance only and can require modification depending on service conditions of the fabrication, type of welding equipment, characteristics of the secondary circuit, electrode material and geometry.
The welding of coated material, e.g. zinc-coated or anodized material, is outside the scope of this document.
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This document defines friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process terms and definitions.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
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This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding personnel for friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.
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This document specifies the requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for the Friction Stir Spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys
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This document specifies the design requirements and provides design guidelines for friction stir spot welding.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
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This document specifies a method to determine the capability of a manufacturer to use friction stir spot welding (FSSW) for production of products of the specified quality.
It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Standard reference block sets per 4.1 fabricated in accordance with this practice will exhibit specific area-amplitude and distance amplitude relationships only with an immersion test at 5 MHz using the search unit, test instrument, and test parameters described in this practice. Comparison tests at other frequencies or with uncalibrated instruments will not necessarily give the same relationships shown in this practice. See Ref (1)5 for area-amplitude limitations at other frequencies and transducer diameters. Also see Ref (2) for cautions regarding use of standard blocks for test standardizations.
5.2 Reference standards fabricated per 4.2 may utilize the fabrication and verification techniques herein. Due to the variable nature of non-standard blocks, the details should be agreed upon in the ordering documents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabrication and control of metal alloy reference blocks used in ultrasonic examinations that contain flat bottom holes (FBH).
1.2 These blocks may be used for checking the performance of ultrasonic examination instrumentation and search units and for standardization and control of ultrasonic examination of metal alloy products.
1.3 The reference blocks described are suitable for use with either the direct-contact method or immersion pulse-echo ultrasonic methods.
1.4 Standard sets are described for flat surface sound entry; the Basic set, Area-Amplitude set, and Distance Amplitude set.
1.5 The requirements for FBH fabrication may be applied to round bar/billet reference standards and reference standards fabricated from other product forms.
1.6 This practice does not specify reference reflector sizes or product rejection limits. It does describe fabrication practices and applied tolerances. In all cases of conflict between this practice and customer specifications, the customer specification shall prevail.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This practice has incorporated the requirements of Practice E428 and Guide E1158. Reference standards that were manufactured under Practice E428 and Guide E1158 comply with the requirements of this practice.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the requirements for grades of alloyed aluminium ingots intended for remelting.
It specifies the classifications and designations applicable to these grades, the conditions in which they are produced, their properties and the marks by which they are identified.
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This document specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.
NOTE Service requirements, materials or manufacturing conditions can require more comprehensive testing than is specified in this document.
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This document defines terms related to friction stir welding.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
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This document specifies requirements for the qualification of welding operators for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to "operators" as defined in ISO 25239‑1.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.
This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the surface abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings produced by sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. It is mainly intended for the evaluation of external architectural coatings. It is a production control method that relies to a large extent on operator experience and instruction.
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