77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
ICS 77.040.30 Details
Chemical analysis of metals
Chemische Analyse von Metallen
Analyse chimique des metaux
Kemijska analiza kovin
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.040.30 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Chemical analysis of metals". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 511 standards classified under ICS 77.040.30 (Chemical analysis of metals). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the moisture content in rare earth solid concentrate, rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides. The specified measurement ranges for moisture are shown in Table 1. This document is not applicable to: a) lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide; b) rare earth oxides containing lanthanum oxide or neodymium oxide, such as lanthanum-cerium oxide, praseodymium-neodymium oxide, etc. This document does not involve sampling. NOTE Since the lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide will react with water and carbon dioxide in the air, moisture cannot be accurately determined. However, this method can also be a guidance for the determination of the moisture in these materials.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies criteria for sampling from aluminium and aluminium alloy melts in order to determine the chemical composition.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
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This document specifies criteria for sampling from aluminium and aluminium alloy melts in order to determine the chemical composition.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of chromium in steel and iron by potentiometric or visual titration.
The method is applicable to chromium contents between 0,25 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). If vanadium is present, the visual titration is applicable only to test portions containing less than 3 mg of vanadium.
NOTE The visual titration can be applicable to test portion containing between 3 mg and 6 mg of vanadium.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of chromium in steel and iron by potentiometric or visual titration.
The method is applicable to chromium contents between 0,25 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). If vanadium is present, the visual titration is applicable only to test portions containing less than 3 mg of vanadium.
NOTE The visual titration can be applicable to test portion containing between 3 mg and 6 mg of vanadium.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel.
The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. These highly resistant nitrides have been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0,000 5 % (by mass) to 0,005 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution factor, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution factor, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. These highly resistant nitrides have been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0,000 5 % (by mass) to 0,005 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies the chemical composition limits of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and form of products.
NOTE The chemical composition limits of aluminium and aluminium alloys specified herein are completely identical with those registered with the Aluminium Association, 1525, Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA, for the corresponding alloys.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was originally developed for research and development purposes; however, it is referenced, in specific material specifications, as applicable for evaluating production material (refer to Section 14 on Precision and Bias).
5.2 Use of this test method provides a useful prediction of the exfoliation corrosion behavior of these alloys in various types of outdoor service, especially in marine and industrial environments.5 The test solution is very corrosive and represents the more severe types of environmental service, excluding, of course, unusual chemicals not likely to be encountered in natural environments.
5.3 The exfoliation ratings were arbitrarily chosen to illustrate a wide range in resistance to exfoliation in this test. However, it remains to be determined whether correlations can be established between EXCO test ratings and realistic service conditions for a given alloy. For example, it has been reported6 that samples of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys rated EA or P in a 48 h EXCO test did not develop more than a slight amount of incipient exfoliation (EA) during six- to nine-year exposures to seacoast atmospheres, whereas, ED rated materials in most cases developed severe exfoliation within a year in the seacoast atmosphere.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for constant immersion exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) testing of high-strength 2XXX (see Note 2) and 7XXX series aluminum alloys.
Note 1: This test method was originally developed for research and development purposes; however, it is referenced, in specific material specifications, as applicable for evaluating production material (refer to Section 14 on Precision and Bias).
Note 2: Some Al-Cu-Li alloys are registered in the 2xxx family. This test method has been reported as non representative of performance in outdoor atmospheres for various Al-Cu-Li alloys in both as-quenched and artificially aged tempers.2
1.2 This test method applies to all wrought products such as sheet, plate, extrusions, and forgings produced from conventional ingot metallurgy process.
1.3 This test method can be used with any form of specimen or part that can be immersed in the test solution.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a reliable prediction of the exfoliation corrosion behavior of Al-Mg alloys in marine environments.4,5,6 The test is useful for alloy development studies and quality control of mill products such as sheet and plate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for continuous immersion exfoliation corrosion testing of 5XXX series aluminum-magnesium alloys containing 2.0 % or more magnesium.
1.2 This test method applies only to wrought products.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Composition Range, %
Aluminum
0.005 to 1.5
Boron
0.001 to 0.10
Carbon
0.03 to 2.50
Chromium
0.10 to 14.0
Cobalt
0.10 to 14.0
Copper
0.01 to 2.0
Lead
0.001 to 0.01
Manganese
0.10 to 15.00
Molybdenum
0.01 to 10.00
Nickel
0.02 to 4.00
Nitrogen
0.001 to 0.20
Phosphorus
0.002 to 0.05
Silicon
0.10 to 2.50
Sulfur
0.002 to 0.40
Tungsten
0.01 to 21.00
Vanadium
0.02 to 5.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
Sections
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986
125–135
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012
78–88
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)
174–183
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)
184–192
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980
117–124
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method
(2 % to 14 %)
52–59
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)
60–69
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)
89–98
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)
70–77
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)
99–108
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)
9–18
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method
203–210
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)
162–173
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)
144–151
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)
136–143
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)
19–29
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)
45–51
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988
29–35
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012
36–44
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980
109–116
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)
152–161
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)
193–202
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analy...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Composition Range, %
Aluminum
0.001 to 1.50
Antimony
0.002 to 0.03
Arsenic
0.0005 to 0.10
Bismuth
0.005 to 0.50
Boron
0.0005 to 0.02
Calcium
0.0005 to 0.01
Cerium
0.005 to 0.50
Chromium
0.005 to 3.99
Cobalt
0.01 to 0.30
Columbium (Niobium)
0.002 to 0.20
Copper
0.005 to 1.50
Lanthanum
0.001 to 0.30
Lead
0.001 to 0.50
Manganese
0.01 to 2.50
Molybdenum
0.002 to 1.50
Nickel
0.005 to 5.00
Nitrogen
0.0005 to 0.04
Oxygen
0.0001 to 0.03
Phosphorus
0.001 to 0.25
Selenium
0.001 to 0.50
Silicon
0.001 to 5.00
Sulfur
0.001 to 0.60
Tin
0.002 to 0.10
Titanium
0.002 to 0.60
Tungsten
0.005 to 0.10
Vanadium
0.005 to 0.50
Zirconium
0.005 to 0.15
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:
Sections
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)
124–131
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)
76–86
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)
308–317
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)
142–151
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)
298–307
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)
208–219
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)
289–297
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
(0.05 % to 1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 %
Lanthanum)
249–257
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)
220–229
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %)
230–238
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %)
53–62
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
Titration Method (Discontinued 1989)
87–94
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %)
279–288
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %)
114–123
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.50 %)
132–141
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)
269–278
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)
9–18
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %)
164–171
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)
152–163
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)
318–327
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxim...
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This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
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This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of rare earth content in 11 kinds of individual rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium and yttrium) and their compounds, such as oxides, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, chlorides and fluorides. The determination ranges for the rare earth content in mass fraction are as follows: - rare earth metal: 98,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction); - rare earth oxide: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,8 % (mass fraction); - rare earth oxalate: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,8 % (mass fraction); - rare earth fluoride: 75,0 % (mass fraction) to 90,0 % (mass fraction); - other compounds (i.e. rare earth hydroxide, rare earth chloride and rare earth carbonate): 40,0 % (mass fraction) to 70,0 % (mass fraction). It does not apply to individual rare earth metals and their compounds when: a) the matrixes of the sample are erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium; b) the content of thorium or lead in the sample is greater than 0,1 % in mass fraction.
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This document specifies a titration method for the determination of rare earth content in 15 kinds of individual rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium) and their oxides. The determination ranges for the rare earth content in mass fraction are as follows: - rare earth metal: 98,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction); - rare earth oxide: 95,0 % (mass fraction) to 99,5 % (mass fraction). It does not apply to individual rare earth metals and their oxides when: a) the relative rare earth purity is less than 99,5 % in mass fraction; b) the total content of various (non-rare earth) metallic elements is greater than 0,5 % in mass fraction; c) the content of thorium, scandium or zinc is greater than 0,1 % in mass fraction.
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X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) has been used for several decades as an important analytical tool for production analysis. XRF is characterised by its speed and high precision over a wide concentration range and since the technique in most cases is used as an relative method the limitations are often connected to the quality of the calibration samples. The technique is well established and most of its physical properties are well known.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Composition, %
Aluminum
0.25 max
Antimony
0.005 max
Arsenic
0.005 max
Bismuth
0.005 max
Boron
0.005 max
Carbon
9.00 max
Chromium
51.0 to 99.5
Cobalt
0.10 max
Columbium
0.05 max
Copper
0.05 max
Lead
0.005 max
Manganese
0.75 max
Molybdenum
0.05 max
Nickel
0.50 max
Nitrogen
6.00 max
Phosphorus
0.03 max
Silicon
12.00 max
Silver
0.005 max
Sulfur
0.07 max
Tantalum
0.05 max
Tin
0.005 max
Titanium
0.50 max
Vanadium
0.50 max
Zinc
0.005 max
Zirconium
0.05 max
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]
10 – 20
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]
21 – 31
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50.0 % to 99.5 %]
32 – 38
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloys in percentages from 0.1 % to 3.0 % by phosphate gravimetry.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of beryllium having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Range, %
Aluminum
0.05 to 0.30
Beryllium
97.5 to 100
Beryllium Oxide
0.3 to 3
Carbon
0.05 to 0.30
Copper
0.005 to 0.10
Chromium
0.005 to 0.10
Iron
0.05 to 0.30
Magnesium
0.02 to 0.15
Nickel
0.005 to 0.10
Silicon
0.02 to 0.15
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections as follows.
Sections
Chromium by the Diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.004 % to 0.04 %]
10 – 19
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.05 % to 0.25 %]
20 – 29
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.008 % to 0.04 %]
30 – 39
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.04 %]
40 – 49
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) has been used for several decades as an important analytical tool for production analysis. XRF is characterised by its speed and high precision over a wide concentration range and since the technique in most cases is used as an relative method the limitations are often connected to the quality of the calibration samples. The technique is well established and most of its physical properties are well known.
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the sampling of copper and copper alloys for compliance with compositional specification requirements.
4.2 The selection of correct test pieces and the preparation of a representative sample from such test pieces are necessary prerequisites to every analysis. The analytical results will be of little value unless the sample represents the average composition of the material from which it was prepared.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the sampling of copper (except electrolytic cathode) and copper alloys in either cast or wrought form for the determination of composition.
1.2 Cast products may be in the form of cake, billet, wire bar, ingot, ingot bar, or casting.
1.3 Wrought products may be in the form of flat, pipe, tube, rod, bar, shape, or forging.
1.4 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for the sampling of a particular material.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement appears in Appendix X4.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document lists, under Clause 4, the European Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
In Clause 5, this document provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each standard.
Items which are under preparation as European Standards or as CEN Technical Reports by ECISS/TC 102 are available on the webpage of CEN, through the following link: https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:733643&cs=123E58BF77E3DE921F548B80C5FF2E5D4.
Annex A gives a list of other European Standards and CEN Technical Reports applicable for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
Annex B gives a list of withdrawn Euronorms, together with the corresponding replacement European Standards, if any.
Annex C shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document. Figure C.1 gives the content ranges of the referee methods, Figure C.2 gives the content ranges of the routine methods and Figure C.3 represents the fields of application of all the methods described.
Annex D provides a trilingual key of the abbreviations used in the Figures given in Annex C.
NOTE Three methods applicable for the analysis of some ferro-alloys are listed in Annex A.
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This document lists, under Clause 4, the European Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
In Clause 5, this document provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each standard.
Items which are under preparation as European Standards or as CEN Technical Reports by ECISS/TC 102 are available on the webpage of CEN, through the following link: https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:733643&cs=123E58BF77E3DE921F548B80C5FF2E5D4.
Annex A gives a list of other European Standards and CEN Technical Reports applicable for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
Annex B gives a list of withdrawn Euronorms, together with the corresponding replacement European Standards, if any.
Annex C shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document. Figure C.1 gives the content ranges of the referee methods, Figure C.2 gives the content ranges of the routine methods and Figure C.3 represents the fields of application of all the methods described.
Annex D provides a trilingual key of the abbreviations used in the Figures given in Annex C.
NOTE Three methods applicable for the analysis of some ferro-alloys are listed in Annex A.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The metallurgical properties of magnesium and its alloys are highly dependant on chemical composition. Precise and accurate analyses are essential to obtaining desired properties, meeting customer specifications and helping to reduce scrap due to off-grade material.
5.2 This test method is applicable to chill cast specimens as defined in Practice B953 and can also be applied to other types of samples provided that suitable reference materials are available.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of magnesium and its alloys by atomic emission spectrometry. The magnesium specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a chill cast disk, casting, sheet, plate, extrusion or some other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the scope of this method are listed in the table below.
Element
Mass Fraction Range (Wt %)
Aluminum
0.001 to 12.0
Beryllium
0.0001 to 0.01
Boron
0.0001 to 0.01
Cadmium
0.0001 to 0.05
Calcium
0.0005 to 0.05
Cerium
0.01 to 3.0
Chromium
0.0002 to 0.005
Copper
0.001 to 0.05
Dysprosium
0.01 to 1.0
Erbium
0.01 to 1.0
Gadolinium
0.01 to 3.0
Iron
0.001 to 0.06
Lanthanum
0.01 to 1.5
Lead
0.005 to 0.1
Lithium
0.001 to 0.05
Manganese
0.001 to 2.0
Neodymium
0.01 to 3.0
Nickel
0.0005 to 0.05
Phosphorus
0.0002 to 0.01
Praseodymium
0.01 to 0.5
Samarium
0.01 to 1.0
Silicon
0.002 to 5.0
Silver
0.001 to 0.2
Sodium
0.0005 to 0.01
Strontium
0.01 to 4.0
Tin
0.002 to 0.05
Titanium
0.001 to 0.02
Yttrium
0.02 to 7.0
Ytterbium
0.01 to 1.0
Zinc
0.001 to 10.0
Zirconium
0.001 to 1.0
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges given in the above scope are estimates based on two manufacturers observations and data provided by a supplier of atomic emission spectrometers. The range shown for each element does not demonstrate the actual usable analytical range for that element. The usable analytical range may be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability, spectral characteristics of the specific element wavelength being used and the availability of appropriate reference materials.
1.2 This test method is suitable primarily for the analysis of chill cast disks as described in Sampling Practice B953. Other forms may be analyzed, provided that: (1) they are sufficiently massive to prevent undue heating, (2) they allow machining to provide a clean, flat surface which creates a seal between the specimen and the spark stand, and (3) reference materials of a similar metallurgical condition (spectrochemical response) and chemical composition are available.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety and health statements are given in Section 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all those who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of zinc alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Composition Range, %
Aluminum
3.0–8.0
Antimony
0.002 max
Cadmium
0.025 max
Cerium
0.03–0.10
Copper
0.10 max
Iron
0.10 max
Lanthanum
0.03–0.10
Lead
0.026 max
Magnesium
0.05 max
Silicon
0.015 max
Tin
0.002 max
Titanium
0.02 max
Zirconium
0.02 max
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Included are procedures for elements in the following composition ranges:
Element
Composition Range, %
Aluminum
3.0–8.0
Cadmium
0.0016–0.025
Cerium
0.005–0.10
Iron
0.0015–0.10
Lanthanum
0.009–0.10
Lead
0.002–0.026
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 8, 11.2, and 13.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method
(ICP-OES) for the analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
This method is applicable to the determination of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, gallium, vanadium, beryllium, bismuth, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, sodium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium and zirconium in aluminium and aluminium alloys.
The content of the elements to be determined should be at least 10 times higher than the corresponding detection limits.
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This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method
(ICP-OES) for the analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
This method is applicable to the determination of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, gallium, vanadium, beryllium, bismuth, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, sodium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium and zirconium in aluminium and aluminium alloys.
The content of the elements to be determined should be at least 10 times higher than the corresponding detection limits.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:
Element
Mass Fraction
Range, %
Calcium
0.001 to 0.007
Chromium
0.04 to 2.5
Cobalt
0.03 to 0.2
Copper
0.03 to 0.6
Manganese
0.04 to 2.5
Molybdenum
0.005 to 1.5
Nickel
0.04 to 3.0
Niobium
0.002 to 0.1
Phosphorus
0.010 to 0.08
Silicon
0.06 to 1.5
Sulfur
0.009 to 0.1
Vanadium
0.012 to 0.6
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl solution alternate immersion test provides a test environment for detecting materials that would be likely to be susceptible to SCC in natural outdoor environments, especially environments with marine influences.3,4,5 For determining actual serviceability of a material, other stress-corrosion tests should be performed in the intended service environment under conditions relating to the end use, including protective measures.
4.2 Although this test method is intended for certain alloy types and for testing products primarily in the short-transverse stressing direction, this method is useful for some other types of alloys and stressing directions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for characterizing the resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of high-strength aluminum alloy wrought products for the guidance of those who perform stress-corrosion tests, for those who prepare stress-corrosion specifications, and for materials engineers.
1.2 This test method covers method of sampling, type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure for determining the susceptibility to SCC of 2XXX (with 1.8 % to 7.0 % copper) and 7XXX (with 0.4 % to 2.8 % copper) aluminum alloy products, particularly when stressed in the short-transverse direction relative to the grain structure.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical measurement processes covered by this guide are used for determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials. A test method utilizing this guidance is used to test such materials, and also form the basis for quality assurance of these materials. Thus, it is economically and scientifically critical that these instruments be understood by the laboratories that use them.
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this guide will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully, and safely. It is expected that any work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
5.3 It is expected that the laboratory will prepare their own work procedures for any of the information described in this guide.
5.4 This guide contains numerous references to “manufacturer’s recommendations”. The user of this guide is expected to refer to the instrument operation manual for the specific instrument being used or consult directly with the manufacturer to obtain instructions or recommendations.
5.5 This guide stresses the conservation of certified reference materials (CRMs). CRMs should not be used for drift checks or conditioning measurments. Other materials should be developed and used for these operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for using Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction instruments to determine the mass fraction of the non-metallic elements Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials.
1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions because of the differences among different manufacturer’s instruments. Laboratories should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the instrument.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The information in this guide is contained in the sections indicated as follows:
Sections
Carbon/Sulfur by Combustion/Infrared Detection
14 – 19
Nitrogen/Oxygen by Inert Gas Fusion/Thermal Conductivity and Infrared Detection
20 – 25
Hydrogen by Inert Gas Fusion Instrumental Measurement and Hot Extraction/Various Detection Cell Technology
26 – 31
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of copper in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to copper contents in the range of 0,003 % (mass fraction) to 3,0 % (mass fraction).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods describe laboratory tests to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure. The presence of mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance, strength, toughness and ductility of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice incorporates etching and metallographic examination of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys such as, but not limited to, UNS N06686 and UNS N10276.
1.2 Microstructures have a strong influence on properties and successful application of metals and alloys. The presence of mu-phase in the microstructure may significantly reduce the corrosion resistance of Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys.
1.3 This practice may be used to determine the presence of mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, and Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys through comparison of microstructure observed for etched metallographic specimens to a glossary of photomicrographs displaying the presence and absence of mu-phase in the microstructure.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of stainless steels must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of austenitic stainless steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown
Element
Composition Range, %
Chromium
17.0 to 23.0
Nickel
7.5 to 13.0
Molybdenum
0.01 to 3.0
Manganese
0.01 to 2.0
Silicon
0.01 to 0.90
Copper
0.01 to 0.30
Carbon
0.005 to 0.25
Phosphorus
0.003 to 0.15
Sulfur
0.003 to 0.065
1.2 This test method is designed for the analysis of chill-cast disks or inspection testing of stainless steel samples that have a flat surface of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. The samples must be sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge and of a similar metallurgical condition and composition as the reference materials.
1.3 One or more of the reference materials must closely approximate the composition of the specimen. The technique of analyzing reference materials with unknowns and performing the indicated mathematical corrections (typically referred to as type standardization) may also be used to correct for interference effects and to compensate for errors resulting from instrument drift. A variety of such systems are commonly used. Any of these that will achieve analytical accuracy equivalent to that reported for this test method are acceptable.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of high manganese steel alloys must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of high manganese steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown:
Elements
Composition Range, %
Aluminum (Al)
0.02 to 0.15
Carbon (C)
0.3 to 1.4
Chromium (Cr)
0.25 to 2.00
Manganese (Mn)
8.0 to 16.2
Molybdenum (Mo)
0.03 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni)
0.05 to 4.0
Phosphorus (P)
0.025 to 0.06
Silicon (Si)
0.25 to 1.5
Note 1: The ranges represent the actual levels at which this method was tested.2 These composition ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Validation of these extensions may be conducted by following Practice E2587. Sulfur is not included because differences in results between laboratories exceeded acceptable limits at all sulfur levels.
1.2 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of manganese-copper alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Range, %
Copper
68.0 to 72.0
Manganese
28.0 to 32.0
Carbon
0.03 max
Iron
0.01 max
Phosphorus
0.01 max
Silicon
0.05 max
Sulfur
0.01 max
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline
Spectrophotometric Method
[0.003 % to 0.02 %]
11 – 20
Manganese by the (Ethylenedinitrilo)
Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA)—
Back-Titrimetric Method [28 % to 32 %]
21 – 27
Phosphorus by the
Molybdivanadophosphoric Acid
Extraction Spectrophotometric Method
[0.002 % to 0.014 %]
28 – 38
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This sampling practice is useful for converting material taken from ingots or other solid materials into a homogeneous solid sample suitable for direct excitation on a spark atomic emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The resultant button may itself be chipped to provide specimens for test methods requiring solutions or chips.
5.2 This practice has been used extensively for the preparation of zirconium, zirconium alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy materials, and is applicable to other reactive, refractory, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, niobium, nickel, nickel alloys, cast irons, steels, stainless steels, tantalum, tool steels, and tungsten.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solid samples of reactive and refractory metals and alloys by electric arc remelting. The samples for melting may be in the form of drillings, chunks, chips, turnings, wire, sponge, powder briquettes, and powdered metals.
1.1.1 This practice is also suitable for preparation of solid samples of other metals, such as cast irons, steels, stainless steels, tool steels, nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, and cobalt alloys.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of ferroniobium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specification A550. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of ferroniobium having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Composition, %
Aluminum
2.00 max
Carbon
0.30 max
Chromium
2.00 max
Cobalt
0.25 max
Lead
0.01 max
Manganese
3.00 max
Niobium
40.00 to 75.00
Phosphorus
0.05 max
Silicon
4.00 max
Sulfur
0.03 max
Tantalum
7.00 max
Tin
0.15 max
Titanium
5.00 max
Tungsten
0.50 max
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Separation of Niobium, Tantalum, and Titanium by the Ion-Exchange Test Method
15 and 16
Titanium by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.05 % to 5.0 %]
17 – 21
Niobium by the Gravimetric Test Method [40 % to 75 %]
22 – 23
Tantalum by the Gravimetric Test Method [1 % to 7 %]
24 – 25
Tantalum by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.25 % to 1 %]
26 – 30
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6, and specific warning statements in 11.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers general recommendations for photoelectric photometers and spectrometers and for photometric practice for chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials. However, this practice does not include a description of every apparatus nor does it present recommendations on every detail of practice in photometric or spectrophotometric methods of chemical analysis of metals. To improve photoelectric photometers and spectrophotometers, some suggestions related to their components are mentioned, in particular, the radiation source (illuminant), filters, monochromators, absorption cells, photosensitive tubes, and current-measuring devices. In addition, prior to using photometric methods in the chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials, it is recommended that a complete photometric investigation of the reaction be performed. The investigation shall involve the study of the specificity of the reagent used to produce absorption; validity of Beer's law; effects of salts, solvent, pH, temperature, concentration of reagents, and the order of adding reagents; time required for absorption development and the stability of the absorption; absorption curve of the reagent and the absorbing substances; and optimum concentration range for quantitative analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers general recommendations for photoelectric photometers and spectrophotometers and for photometric practice prescribed in ASTM methods for chemical analysis of metals, sufficient to supplement adequately the ASTM methods. A summary of the fundamental theory and practice of photometry is given. No attempt has been made, however, to include in this practice a description of every apparatus or to present recommendations on every detail of practice in ASTM photometric or spectrophotometric methods of chemical analysis of metals.2
1.2 These recommendations are intended to apply to the ASTM photometric and spectrophotometric methods for chemical analysis of metals when such standards make definite reference to this practice, as covered in Section 4.
1.3 In this practice, the terms “photometric” and “photometry” encompass both filter photometers and spectrophotometers, while “spectrophotometry” is reserved for spectrophotometers alone.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
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