77.120.99 - Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys
ICS 77.120.99 Details
Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys
Weitere NE-Metalle und deren Legierungen
Autres metaux non ferreux et leurs alliages
Druge neželezne kovine in njihove zlitine
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.120.99 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 259 standards classified under ICS 77.120.99 (Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
This document defines concepts or unification of concepts for lithium minerals, lithium metals, lithium compounds, lithium alloys, and lithium scrap recycling, including concepts related to materials characteristics, physical characteristics, and chemical characteristics. This document can be used as a reference for concepts and unified concepts in lithium minerals, compounds, alloys and scrap recycling production, application, inspection, circulation, trading, scientific research and education purposes.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) in solid rare earth oxides, carbonates and oxalates. This document is applicable to the determination of the LOI in the range from 0,10 % to 15,00 % in rare earth oxides, from 25,00 % to 80,00 % in rare earth carbonates, and from 35,00 % to 75,00 % in rare earth oxalates.
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This document specifies ways in which rare earths can be traced as they move through the supply chain between the separated products to rare earth permanent magnets, or otherwise to be further processed. The documented traceability information is applicable to purchasers, suppliers, and users of rare earth permanent magnets to identify parties in the supply chain who have processed a given shipment of rare earth material, the location of that rare earth material as it passes between supply chain nodes. The documented traceability information is also applicable to supply chain actors and end users who use this information to check the validity of any claims made on the rare earth permanent magnets concerning sustainability, environmental impact, or recycled material content.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers a gold-rich, age-hardenable alloy in rod, wire, and strip form applicable to electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by cold working, annealing, turning, grinding, and age hardening. The materials shall conform to the specified chemical composition requirements. Tensile strength, elongation, and hardness shall be determined by tension and hardness tests. Chemical analysis shall be done by spectrochemical or wet analysis methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a gold-rich, age-hardenable alloy in rod, wire, and strip form applicable to electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial tests are useful when the test specimens are sufficiently thick (in relation to the indentor load) to ensure that the results are not affected by the flow of metal on the surface of the anvil. On a solid piece the flow of metal on the under surface may be detected by a bulge or marking. On composite pieces where the contact materials are attached to backings of a different material, the thickness limitations imposed for a solid piece shall apply to the contact material portion of such composite pieces.
Note 1: As a matter of information, it may be stated that tests on fine silver showed that on annealed samples having a Rockwell 15T hardness of 27, the readings were not affected on thicknesses 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) or over. On thicknesses of 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) Rockwell 15T scale readings of 72 and higher were not affected.
3.2 The microindentation hardness test is of questionable significance when the metallic phases in a material are so large that the indentation does not represent an accurate average hardness. Sintered contact materials usually contain segregates differing greatly in hardness from the matrix hardness and may destroy the validity of microindentation hardness readings.
3.3 Other aspects of significance and use shall be as described in the particular ASTM test method used, as listed in Section 2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hardness of metallic materials used for electrical contacts. Rockwell, Rockwell superficial, Brinell, and microindentation hardness tests are included, along with information on the limitations and use of these tests.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar will all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of beryllium having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element
Range, %
Aluminum
0.05 to 0.30
Beryllium
97.5 to 100
Beryllium Oxide
0.3 to 3
Carbon
0.05 to 0.30
Copper
0.005 to 0.10
Chromium
0.005 to 0.10
Iron
0.05 to 0.30
Magnesium
0.02 to 0.15
Nickel
0.005 to 0.10
Silicon
0.02 to 0.15
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections as follows.
Sections
Chromium by the Diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.004 % to 0.04 %]
10 – 19
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.05 % to 0.25 %]
20 – 29
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.008 % to 0.04 %]
30 – 39
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.04 %]
40 – 49
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Constant force thermal cycling tests determine the effect of stress on the transformation temperatures, recovered strain and residual strain of a shape memory alloy. The tests may be for one thermal cycle. A standard test method for force controlled repeated thermal cycling of shape memory alloys is currently under development.
5.2 Measurement of the specimen's thermomechanical behavior closely parallels many shape memory applications and provides a result that is applicable to the function of the material.
5.3 This test method may be used for, but is not limited to, wire, round tube, or strip samples. Thus it is able to provide an assessment of the product in its semi-finished form.
5.4 This test method provides a simple method for determining transformation temperatures by heating and cooling specimens through their full thermal transformation under force.
5.5 This test method can be used on trained and processed material in a semi-finished form to measure Two Way Shape Memory Effect by comparing the strain in the austenite state and martensite states with no minimal applied stress. The force is set to a minimum value not to exceed a corresponding stress of 7 MPa (in accordance Test Method F2516).
5.6 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.7 Transformation temperatures derived from this test method may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and stress on the transformation.
5.8 Components such as springs or other semi-finished parts can be tested using this method as agreed upon by the customer and supplier. Units of stress and strain can be replaced with force and displacement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for thermomechanical cycling of shape memory alloy (SMA) material and components under constant force. This method characterizes the transformation properties such as transformation temperatures, actuation strain and residual strain, when a SMA is thermally cycled through the phase transformation under a constant applied force. This test is done to provide data for the selection of SMA materials, quality control, design allowables and actuator design.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification defines the criteria for the chemical composition and other requirements (including physical properties, microstructure, superficial hardness, and specific resistance ) for silver-graphite brushes for sliding electrical contacts. The percentage of silver, graphite, ash in graphite, and total metal impurities are prescribed. The minimum acceptable values for the physical properties such as density, determined by measurement and weight method, and shear strength are given. Typical Rockwell hardness and specific resistance for the material are also specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the criteria for composition and other requirements for brushes with a nominal silver content of 75 weight % with the balance being substantially graphite.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined platinum as sponge, cast bar, and wrought forms in two grades as follows: Grade 99.95 and Grade 99.99. The refined platinum shall conform to the required chemical composition for platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, gold, silver, lead, tin, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, silicon, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, chromium, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, and molybdenum. The metal may be produced by refining process that yields a product capable of meeting the chemical requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined platinum as sponge, cast bar, and wrought forms (Note 1) in two grades as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.95 (UNS PO4995)—Platinum having a purity of 99.95 %, min, and
1.1.2 Grade 99.99—Platinum having a purity of 99.99 % min.
Note 1: Other forms of unfabricated platinum of commerce are not to be excluded under this specification.
Note 2: For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding off method of Practice E29.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined ruthenium as sponge and powder in one grade as follows: Grade 99.80 and Grade 99.90. The material may be produced by any refining process that yields a product capable of meeting the chemical requirements of this specification. The material should conform to the requirements for chemical composition as prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined ruthenium as sponge and powder in one grade as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.80—Ruthenium having a purity of 99.80 %.
1.1.2 Grade 99.90—Ruthenium having a purity of 99.90 %.
Note 1: For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined rhodium as sponge and powder in three grades, namely: Grade 99.80, Grade 99.90, and Grade 99.95. The material may be produced by any refining process that will yield a product capable of meeting the chemical composition requirements specified for rhodium, platinum, iridium, palladium, ruthenium, lead, tin, zinc, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, iron, silicon, silver, gold, copper, nickel, tellurium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, antimony, cobalt, and boron determined by chemical analysis. Sampling requirements for the metal sponge and powder are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined rhodium as sponge and powder in three grades as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.80—Rhodium having a purity of 99.80 %,
1.1.2 Grade 99.90—Rhodium having a purity of 99.90 %, and
1.1.3 Grade 99.95—Rhodium having a purity of 99.95 %.
1.1.4 For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification defines the criteria for composition and other requirements for sliding contact materials or brushes with a nominal composition by weight of 20% silver and 80% graphite. Materials shall adhere to specified requirements for chemical composition, density, shear strength, and microstructure. They shall also conform to typical values of Rockwell superficial hardness and specific resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the criteria for composition and other requirements for brushes with a nominal silver content of 80 %, by weight, with the balance being substantially graphite.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar will all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining trace concentrations of iron in a wide variety of products, provided that appropriate sample preparation has rendered the iron and sample matrix soluble in water or other suitable solvent. Each sample matrix must be investigated for suitability using this test method.
4.2 This test method assumes that the amount of color developed is proportional to the amount of iron in the test solution. The calibration curve is linear over the specified range.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of iron in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals in the range from 0.01 to 0.2 μg/g using [3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine, monosodium salt, monohydrate] (PDTS)2 reagent solution. The range may be extended through the use of a 5- or 10-cm cell or by suitable dilution of the sample solution.
1.2 The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.01 µg/kg for iron and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.04 µg/kg.
Note 1: The LOD and LOQ were calculated using data from the ILS.
1.3 This test method is intended to be general for the final steps in the determination of iron and does not include procedures for sample preparation.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-nickel by powder metallurgical procedures. This covers compositions within the silver-nickel system normally specified by users of electrical contacts. Chemical analysis shall be performed to evaluate material conformance to specified composition requirements. A representative sample of chips may be obtained by milling, drilling, or crushing with dry tools, (without lubrication). In order to obtain free chips, the parts selected for testing shall have the oil extracted, if necessary. Physical tests including microstructure shall be performed on a representative number of specimens.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Proprietary methods for manufacture of these materials vary significantly among suppliers and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and the tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.), this specification cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples, it is recommended that the user functionally test the materials electrically for all devices applicable to the material's use. This specification provides a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test or sample contact supplied.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver nickel by powder metallurgical procedures.
1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silver-nickel system normally specified by users of electrical contacts.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers an alloy containing palladium, silver, copper, platinum, and nickel in the form of wire, rod, and strip for electrical contacts. The materials shall be processed by cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, and pickling. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition of palladium, silver, copper, platinum, and nickel. The alloys shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, Knoop hardness, and Vickers hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an alloy containing palladium, silver, copper, platinum, and nickel in the form of wire, rod, and strip for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-drawn cobalt alloy spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of springs.
1.1.1 This specification requires capability properties after age hardening test samples of the cold worked spring wire to ensure final mechanical properties are satisfied. The spring is typically age hardened after fabrication to increase its strength. However, mechanical properties cannot be obtained from finished springs.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers two platinum-iridium alloys in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. Raw materials shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product (produced by cold working, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling as required) will have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification. The alloys shall meet the requirements of chemical composition specified for platinum, iridium, total impurities, total platinum group (palladium, rhodium, osmium, ruthenium, and gold), total other impurities (including lead, antimony, bismuth, tin, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, and iron) and other elements. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation, microhardness (Knoop or Vickers), hardness (Rockwell or Rockwell Superficial), or a combination of these mechanical properties may be specified as criterion for temper designation. Annealed and work hardened wire and strip shall conform to the mechanical requirements prescribed for ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and microhardness. Knoop hardness test, tension test, and chemical analysis using spectrochemical or wet analysis method shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an 80 % platinum—20 % iridium alloy, an 85 % platinum—15 % iridium alloy, and a 90 % platinum—10 % iridium alloy, in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the primary metallurgical processes used by the mineral processing industry for gold bearing ores, gold is extracted with alkaline cyanide solutions and adsorbed onto activated carbon for recovery of the metal. Metallurgical accounting, process control, and ore evaluation procedures for this type of mineral processing plant depend on accurate, precise, and prompt measurements of gold concentrations in the activated carbon.
5.2 This test method for gold in activated carbon is intended primarily as a referee method to test such materials for metal content. It is assumed that those who use these procedures will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of gold in activated carbon by fire assay collection and gravimetric measurement. It covers the range of 15 μg/g to 5000 μg/g gold.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 9, 11.2.3 – 11.2.5, and 11.3.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods for manufacture (proprietary or otherwise) of these materials vary significantly among suppliers, and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.) this guide cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples it is recommended that the user electrically test the materials in a functional manner for all devices applicable to the material’s use. This guide will provide a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and how to provide reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test of sample contacts supplied.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidelines for users and manufacturers of silver-tin oxide material produced in strip, rod, wire, and part form for electrical contact applications.
1.2 Silver-tin oxide refers to contact material containing silver, tin oxide, and other metal oxide which may be used for either improving the processing or performance of the material.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought gold-copper alloy in the form of wire, rod, strip, and tubing to be used for electrical contacts. Raw materials shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product (produced by cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, and/or pickling as required) will have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification. The material shall meet the requirements of chemical composition specified for gold, copper, noble metal impurities, and other impurities. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation, microhardness (Knoop or Vickers), hardness (Rockwell or Rockwell Superficial), or a combination of these mechanical properties may be specified as the temper criterion. Annealed and hard drawn wires, strips, and tubings, within the prescribed diameter or thickness, shall conform to the specified tensile strength, elongation, and hardness. The following tests shall be performed: Knoop hardness test, tension test, chemical analysis such as spectrochemical or wet analysis, and stress corrosion crack test by immersion test, compression, and bending.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a wrought alloy containing gold and copper in the form of wire, rod, strip, and tubing for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 7, of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined gold of Grades 99.5, 99.95, 99.99, and 99.995 in cast bar forms. Other forms of unfabricated gold of commerce are not to be excluded under this specification. The metal may be produced by any refining process that yields products capable of meeting the specified chemical composition requirements. Chemical assessment samples may be taken from the melt before pouring and shall be in the form of shots or pins, or by other alternative means on agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined gold in cast bar form (Note 1).
1.1.1 Grade 99.5—Gold having a minimum fineness of 995.
1.1.2 Grade 99.95—Gold having a minimum fineness of 999.5.
1.1.3 Grade 99.99—Gold having a minimum fineness of 999.9.
1.1.4 Grade 99.995—Gold having a minimum fineness of 999.95.
Note 1: Other forms of unfabricated gold of commerce are not to be excluded under this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers an alloy containing palladium, silver, copper, gold, platinum, and zinc in the form of wire, rod, and strip for electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by such operations: cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, and pickling. Material shall meet the requirements of chemical composition as specified. Knoop hardness test and tension test shall be made to conform to the specified requirements. Chemical analysis shall be performed by spectrochemical or wet analysis methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an alloy containing palladium, silver, copper, gold, platinum, and zinc in the form of wire, rod, and strip for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 It is the responsibility of the user to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer.
1.4 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined iridium as sponge and powder in two grades, Grade 99.80 (UNS PO6100) and Grade 99.90. The metal may be produced by any refining process. They shall conform to the required chemical composition for iridium, rhodium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, lead, silicon, tin, zinc, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, iron, silver, gold, copper, nickel, and chromium. The sampling procedures shall consist of sponge lot and powder lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined iridium as sponge and powder in two grades as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.80 (UNS PO6100)—Iridium having a purity of 99.80 %.
1.1.2 Grade 99.90—Iridium having a purity of 99.90 %.
Note 1: For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers gold-silver-nickel alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for sliding electrical contacts. Raw materials shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product will have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification. The material shall be finished by cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling as are required to produce the prescribed properties. Material produced shall meet the chemical composition requirements. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, Knoop hardness, microhardness, as well as the electrical contact shall conform to the prescribed specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 75 % gold-22 % silver-3 % nickel alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for sliding electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers 72% silver-28% copper (eutectic) alloy rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by such operations (cold working, heat treatment, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling) as are required to produce the prescribed properties. The alloy materials shall conform to the chemical composition and mechanical property requirements. All tests shall be conducted at room temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 72 % silver-28 % copper (eutectic) alloy rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-tungsten by powder-metallurgical procedures. The material shall conform to composition limits specified. The material shall be finished by braze alloy backing, tumbling to polish surfaces, special surface finish, silver-rich surface layer, cleaning, etc. Chemical analysis and physical test shall be made to conform to the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Proprietary methods for manufacture of these materials vary significantly among suppliers, and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.) this specification cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples it is recommended that the user functionally electrically test the materials for all devices applicable to the material's use. This specification will provide a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test or sample contacts supplied.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-tungsten by powder-metallurgical procedures.
1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silver-tungsten system normally specified by users of contacts.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Data Safety Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers 69% gold, 25% silver, 6% platinum alloy tubing, rod, wire, and sheet material for sliding electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by such operations (cold working, annealing, turning, grinding, pickling) as are required to produce the prescribed properties. The material shall be tested and conform to chemical composition, and mechanical and electrical property requirements. The mechanical requirements of the material are ultimate tensile strength, elongation, microhardness, hardness, or a combination of these mechanical properties as temper criterion. All tests shall be conducted at room temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 69 % gold, 25 % silver, 6 % platinum alloy tubing, rod, wire, and sheet material for sliding electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements common to wrought precious metal electrical contact alloy products in the form of sheet, strip, wire, and rod. The raw material shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product shall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in the applicable product specification. The product shall be produced by a combination of hot or cold working operations, it shall be finished, unless otherwise specified, by cold working, annealing, or heat treatment as may be necessary to meet the specified properties. Surfaces of all material furnished to this specification shall be smooth, clean, and free from scratches, stains, rough spots, slivers, laps, scale, pits, and any other injurious defects. Test methods such as chemical analysis and physical tests shall be performed accordingly.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 For purpose of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with Practice E29.
Property
Unit
Rounded Unit
for Observed or
Calculated Value
Chemical composition
percent
Hardness
Knoop (100-g load unless other-
wise specified)
Vicker (specify load)
Rockwell (all scales, specify which)
Rockwell superficial (all scales,
specify which)
nearest unit on the last right
hand place of figure of
specified limit
Resistivity
μΩ·cm
Tensile strength
psi (MPa)
nearest 1000 psi (nearest 10
MPa)
Yield Strength
psi (MPa)
nearest 1000 psi (nearest
10 MPa)
Elongation
Below 5 %
percent
nearest multiple of 0.5 %
5 % and over
percent
nearest 1 %
Grain size
Up to 0.055 mm incl.
mm
nearest multiple of 0.005
mm
Over 0.055 to 0.160, mm, incl.
mm
nearest 0.01 mm
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general requirements common to wrought precious metal electrical contact alloy products in the form of sheet, strip, wire, and rod. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, these general requirements shall apply to wrought electrical contact materials where indicated in the applicable product specifications issued by ASTM.
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements on the purchase order, the individual specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined palladium as sponge, cast bar, and wrought forms in one grade designated as Grade 99.95 (UNS PO3995). The metal may be produced by any refining process that yields a product capable of meeting the chemical composition requirements prescribed for palladium, platinum group metals other than palladium, gold, silver, lead, tin, zinc, iron, copper, silicon, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, nickel, chromium, cobalt, manganese, and antimony. The surfaces of bars and wrought forms shall exhibit quality generally acceptable to the trade. Sampling requirements for chemical analysis including lot size are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined palladium as sponge, cast bar, and wrought forms (Note 1) in one grade as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.95 (UNS PO3995)—Palladium having a purity of 99.95 %.
Note 1: Other forms of unfabricated palladium of commerce are not to be excluded under this specification.
Note 2: For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical contact alloys with the nominal composition of 75% silver, 24.5% copper, and 0.5% nickel in the form of rods, wires, strips, and sheets. Raw materials shall be of such quality and purity that the products, which shall be finished by such operations as cold working, heat treatment, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling, shall adhere to the chemical composition and mechanical property requirements prescribed here. Besides analysis for the elements silver, copper, and nickel, further analysis is to be made for suspected or indicated impurities, such as zinc, iron, cadmium, and lead, to make sure that their total does not exceed specified limits. Mechanical tests, which are to be conducted at room temperature, shall evaluate the materials' tensile strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, and area and thickness reduction.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an electrical contact material with the nominal composition of 75 % silver, 24.5 % copper, and 0.5 % nickel in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers silver-copper alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling as are required to produce the prescribed properties. Material produced under this specification shall meet the requirements for chemical composition of silver, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead, nickel, aluminum, and phosphorous. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and hardness shall conform to the prescribed requirements. Materials shall be inspected by visual inspection, temper test, dimensional test, and spectographic or chemical analysis
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 90 % silver-10 % copper alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of virgin zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge because of its porous, sponge-like texture, but it may also take other forms such as chunklets. The one grade described is designated as Reactor Grade R60001, suitable for use in nuclear applications. The main characteristic of the reactor grade is its low nuclear cross section as achieved by removal of hafnium. Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride, and gets its physical characteristics from the processes involved in production. These characteristics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturing methods. Only virgin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform, well-mixed blends, shall be used. The zirconium metal shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of virgin zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge because of its porous, sponge-like texture, but it may also take other forms such as chunklets, suitable for use in nuclear applications.
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for free-cutting a bismuth brass rod, bar and wire of UNS Alloy No.C49250 and C49260 suitable for high-speed screw machine work or for general applications. Typically, products made to this specification are furnished as straight lengths or coils when requested. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements, tensile strength requirements, and elongation requirements stated in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for free-cutting bismuth brass rod, bar and wire of UNS Alloy No. C49250, C49260, C49265, C49340, and C49345 suitable for high-speed screw machine work, or for general applications.
1.2 Typically, product made to this specification is furnished as straight lengths, or coils when requested.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-insulated platinum rhodium alloys (weight percent composition), and platinum thermo elements. The purity of platinum for use in the negative thermo element of Type R and Type S thermocouples shall be of a specific Grade, as specified. The purity of platinum before alloying for use in the positive thermo element of Type R, S, and both thermo elements of Type B shall also be of a certain grade, as specified. All material to be supplied shall consist of continuous lengths which shall be free of kinks and shall be round and smooth. Any pits or dents that exceed a certain percentage of the diameter shall be cause for rejection of the material. After material has been processed to its final diameter and prior to subsequent anneal, it shall be cleaned to remove all dirt, lubricant, fingerprints, or other foreign residue. The thermoelements shall be such that, when matched as a thermocouple, the EMF output shall meet the tolerance on the initial value of EMF versus temperature as specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-insulated platinum-rhodium alloys (weight percent composition), and platinum thermoelements that meet the requirement of Specification E230/E230M and NIST Monograph 175.2
1.2 This specification does not cover platinum and platinum-rhodium materials, that require a higher purity than specified in 5.1, such as used for temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) measurements or standards type calibration. For requirements of this superior quality, it is suggested that suppliers of precious metals be contacted.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-tungsten carbide by powder metallurgical procedures. This specification covers compositions within the silver-tungsten carbide system. The material shall conform to composition limits. Chemical analysis shall be performed to deteremine material conformance to specified composition requirements. The contact components shall agree on qualification tests for determination of physical properties. The tests shall be performed on production parts wherever practical or applicable. The test shall be determined after consideration of the function of the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-tungsten carbide materials by powder metallurgical processes.
1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silver-tungsten carbide system normally specified by users of contacts.
Note 1: Table X1.1 and Table X1.2 in Appendix X1 provide a list of typical compositions used for various applications.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers refined antimony in ingot, pig, or cake form. Refined antimony shall be supplied in commercial standard forms in Grade A and Grade B. The grades of refined antimony shall be produced by any smelting and refining process from ore or recycled materials to meet the chemical requirements of this specification. The refined antimony shall conform to the required chemical composition of arsenic, sulfur, lead, and others. The antimony shall be reasonably free from surface corrosion or adherent foreign material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined antimony in ingot, pig, or cake form.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for refined indium as ingot in six grades, namely: Grade 99.9 or 3N grade (indium with a purity of 99.90%); Grade 99.99 or 4N grade (indium with a purity of 99.99%); Grade 99.995 or 4N5 grade (indium with a purity of 99.995%); Grade 99.999 or 5N grade (indium with a purity of 99.999%); Grade 99.9999 or 6N grade (indium with a purity of 99.9999%); and Grade 99.99995 or 6N5 grade (indium with a purity of 99.99995%). Indium metal from ingot can be fabricated into shot, spheres, wire, sheet, foil, tubing, and other customized fabrications with purities up to and including Grade 99.999. Grades 99.9999 and 99.99995 are available in ingot form only.
This specification specifies the requirements for the manufacturing process; sampling; product marking; and maximum total metallic impurities for indium grades.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers refined indium as ingot in six grades as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 99.9—Indium having a purity of 99.90 %, also known as 3N grade,
1.1.2 Grade 99.99—Indium having a purity of 99.99 %, also known as 4N grade,
1.1.3 Grade 99.995—Indium having a purity of 99.995 %, also known as 4N5 grade,
1.1.4 Grade 99.999—Indium having a purity of 99.999 %, also known as 5N grade,
1.1.5 Grade 99.9999—Indium having a purity of 99.9999 %, also known as 6N grade, and
1.1.6 Grade 99.99995—Indium having a purity of 99.99995 %, also known as 6N5 grade.
1.2 Indium metal from ingot can be fabricated into shot, spheres, wire, sheet, foil, tubing, and other customized fabrications with purities up to and including Grade 99.999. Grades 99.9999 and 99.99995 are available in ingot form only.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for four classes of machinable, high-density tungsten base metal produced by consolidating metal powder mixtures, the composition of which is mainly tungsten. This material specification may be used for bare parts or for parts that may be coated with other materials for protection against corrosion and abrasion; intended for uses such as weights or counter-balances in static or dynamic balancing, high-speed rotating inertia members, radiation shielding, hypervelocity impact, and vibration-damping applications. The chemical; physical properties, such as microstructure and machinability; mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness; and composition requirements, such as density; are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for four classes of machinable, high-density tungsten base metal produced by consolidating metal powder mixtures, the composition of which is mainly tungsten. This material specification may be used for bare parts or for parts that may be coated with other materials for protection against corrosion and abrasion.
1.2 This specification describes physical, mechanical, and microstructural testing of a material lot based on the use of test coupons, not actual parts. Sintered properties typically vary both with part size and sampling location within a given part. Results obtained from coupon testing may therefore differ from the properties of a specific location in a larger part.
1.3 Intended Use—Parts made from this material are intended for uses such as weights or counter-balances in static or dynamic balancing, high-speed rotating inertia members, radiation shielding, hypervelocity impact, and vibration-damping applications. In selecting the appropriate alloy for a given application, it is important to note that as the tungsten content of the alloy is increased, stiffness, radiation attenuation, and density increase with an accompanying decrease in attainable ductility.
1.4 Special Applications—For particular applications, properties or requirements other than those specified in Sections 5, 6, and 7 of this specification may be important. These alloys may contain elements which make them weakly ferromagnetic. Where freedom from magnetic response is required, this should be specified in the purchase order. Class 4 is not available in a non-magnetic grade. For purposes of this specification, non-magnetic material is defined as material having a maximum magnetic permeability of 1.05 (see Test Method A342). Also for special applications involving large sections, methods for determining internal quality, such as mechanical testing of specimens excised from these larger sections or suitable nondestructive tests may be applied. If such part property data are required, an additional part-specific test program shall be specified in the purchase order.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-molybdenum by powder metallurgical procedures. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be done to determine their chemical composition. The material shall be finished by different methods like braze alloy backing, tumbling to polish surfaces, special surface finish, and cleaning.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-molybdenum by powder metallurgical procedures.
1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silver-molybdenum system for electrical contact applications.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard requirements for palladium-copper alloy in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for use in electrical contacts. The specimen shall be produced from raw materials of such quality and purity by cold working, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling. Material shall meet the chemical composition requirements for palladium, copper, silver, iron, zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum which shall be determined by spectrographic or chemical analysis. Temper test (hardness or tension) shall be conducted to determine the mechanical properties which shall be in conformity with the ultimate tensile strength, elongation, Knoop or Vickers microhardness, and Rockwell or Rockwell superficial hardness specifications. Visual examination shall be done on the furnished materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a 60 % palladium-40 % copper alloy in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers two grades (Grade R60702 and Grade R60703) of zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may also take other forms. This specification does not include crystal bar zirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications. Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride, and it gets its physical characteristics from the processes involved in production. These characteristics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturing methods. This specification, however, is not limited to metal prepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of any specific physical form. Only virgin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform, well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for zirconium, hafnium, iron, chromium, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to a number of chemical tests as required in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two grades of zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may also take other forms. This specification does not include crystal bar zirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications.
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers palladium in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. Raw materials shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product (produced by cold working, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling as are required) will have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for palladium, platinum group (iridium, platinum, rhodium, osmium, and ruthenium), gold, silver, and copper, total impurities, lead, antimony, bismuth, tin, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, iron, and other elements. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation, microhardness (Knoop or Vickers), hardness (Rockwell or Rockwell Superficial), or a combination of these mechanical properties may be specified as temper criterion. Tension and hardness tests shall be conducted to determine conformity to the ultimate tensile strength and elongation, and Rockwell and Knoop hardness, respectively. Inspection of furnished material shall be done by temper test, dimensional test, and spectrographic or chemical analysis when needed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers palladium in the form of rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers a standard grade of calcium-silicon, a standard grade of calcium-manganese-silicon, a standard grade of calcium-silicon-barium and a standard grade of ferro-calcium-silicon. The material shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a standard grade of calcium-silicon, a standard grade of calcium-manganese-silicon, a standard grade of calcium-silicon-barium, and a standard grade of ferro-calcium-silicon.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers different sizes of several grades of silicon metal. The metal shall undergo chemical analysis and shall conform to specified chemical composition requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers several grades of silicon metal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units given may be approximate.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for several grades of ferrotungsten. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition for tungsten, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, molybdenum, and aluminum. The material shall also conform to supplementary chemical requirements for manganese, copper, nickel, arsenic, antimony, tin, and bismuth. Various grades of steel shall be available in specified sizes that meet the required size tolerance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of ferrotungsten.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This practice contains two recommendations based on several reported practices for the process selection in electroplating on tungsten and tungsten alloys. Surfaces should be cleaned either by descaling, solvent cleaning, or alkaline soak cleaning before electroplating. Evaluating which of the suggested processes to use is dependent on the application of the produced coating.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice makes recommendations of several reported practices for electroplating on tungsten and its alloys along with comments as a guide in the selection of a processing method for a given application. Because data on methods and results of evaluation with electroplated coatings on tungsten are limited, a recommendation of one method over another cannot be made.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Molybdenum is used in engineering applications where strength and rigidity of component parts are needed, especially at high temperatures. Its good strength at high temperatures, low vapor pressure, and good impact and creep resistance make it attractive for load-bearing items such as turbine blades, mechanical seals, rocket motor parts, heating elements, and electronic devices. Molybdenum, however, is easily oxidized, and the oxides are not protective. The volatility of the oxides above 800 °C can lead, in the case of unprotected parts, to catastrophic oxidation and to losses in dimensions. Electroplated coatings are applied to molybdenum to prevent oxidation, to prevent seizing and galling, and to assist joining by soldering, brazing, and diffusion bonding.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for preparing molybdenum and its alloys for electroplating. The procedure utilizes techniques, equipment, and chemicals that are common to electroplating. Specialized procedures such as hydrogen heat treatment and fused salt pickling are not included. These and other procedures can be found in the references listed at the end of this practice.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is primarily used as an acceptance test for products of zirconium, hafnium, and their alloys. This standard has been widely used in the development of new alloys, heat treating practices, and for evaluation of welding techniques.
5.2 Specimens are normally tested after careful etching and rinsing. Specimens with as-manufactured surfaces may also be tested without further surface removal.
5.3 When tubing with a second material clad on the inner surface is to be tested, the inner cladding shall be removed prior to the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers (1) the determination of mass gain, and (2) the surface inspection of products of zirconium, hafnium, and their alloys when corrosion tested in water at 680°F [360°C] or in steam at 750°F [400°C].
1.2 This test method is to be utilized in its entirety to the extent specified herein as a product acceptance test.
1.3 This test method may be used on wrought products, castings, powder metallurgy products, and weld metals.
1.4 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers silver-indium-cadmium alloy for use as a control material in light-water nuclear reactors. The use of this material in applications is excluded where material strength of this alloy is a prime requisite. Also, this material must be protected from the primary water by a corrosion and wear resistant cladding. The identity of each lot by melt number shall be maintained at all stages of manufacture. Parts produced to this specification shall be made from billets by hot working and cold finishing to size. The cold-finished parts shall be produced to the finish condition and dimensions as specified. The surface of the cold-finished part shall be free of oxides, grease, oil, residual lubricants, inclusions, and other extraneous materials. Surface defects such as folds, cracks, seams, slivers, and blisters shall be cause for rejection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silver-indium-cadmium alloy for use as a control material in light-water nuclear reactors.
1.2 The scope of this specification excludes the use of this material in applications where material strength of this alloy is a prime requisite. Also, this material must be protected from the primary water by a corrosion and wear resistant cladding.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure a specimen's material and shape memory effect properties in response to a uniaxial deformation and then cycling through a full thermal transformation to recover all or a portion of the deformation. A material's martensite stiffness, martensite residual strain, austenite recovered strain, and unrecovered strain (or plastic deformation) after thermal cycling is determined.
5.2 Measurement of the specimen's motion closely parallels many shape memory applications and provides a result that is applicable to the function of the material.
5.3 This test method may be used for, but is not limited to, wire, round tube, or strip samples. It is able to provide an assessment of the product in its semi-finished form.
5.4 This test method provides a simple method for determining transformation temperatures by heating and cooling specimens through their full thermal transformation after uniaxial pre-straining in the martensite state.
5.5 This test method can be used on trained and processed material in a semi-finished form to measure Two Way Shape Memory Effect by comparing the strain in the austenite state and martensite states with no applied stress.
5.6 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.7 Transformation temperatures derived from this test method may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and stress on the transformation.
5.8 Components such as springs or other semi-finished parts can be tested using this method as agreed upon by the customer and supplier. Units of stress and strain can be replaced with force and displacement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the heating and cooling a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) specimen through transformation after uniaxial deformation to determine residual strain after loading and unloading, recovered strain on heating, total unrecovered strain upon cooling, and transformation temperatures.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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