77.140.01 - Iron and steel products in general
ICS 77.140.01 Details
Iron and steel products in general
Stahl- und Eisenprodukte im allgemeinen
Produits en fonte et produits en acier en général
Železni in jekleni izdelki na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.140.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Iron and steel products in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 236 standards classified under ICS 77.140.01 (Iron and steel products in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
e-Library Subscription
Create subscription and get permanent access to documents within 77.140.01 - Iron and steel products in general
Currently subscription includes documents marked with .We are working on making all documents available within the subscription.
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee A01 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of identical terms in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.
4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.
4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension
7 to 14
Bend
15
Hardness
16
Brinell
17
Rockwell
18
Portable
19
Impact
20 to 30
Keywords
32
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products
Annex A1
Tubular Products
Annex A2
Fasteners
Annex A3
Round Wire Products
Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing
Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Annex A6
Testing Multi-Wire Strand
Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data
Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars
Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation
Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for martensitic stainless steel for various structural, architectural, pressure vessel, and heat-resisting applications. The material shall undergo heat-treatment by tempering. The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen. Mechanical testing shall be performed on the steel and shall conform to the specified values in mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers martensitic stainless steels for various structural, architectural, pressure vessel, and heat-resisting applications. The mechanical properties of these steels are customarily, but not necessarily, developed by a suitable heat treatment generally referred to as tempering.
1.2 Steel products under this specification are available in two grades:
Grade
Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa]
40 [275]
40 [275]
50 [345]
50 [345]
1.3 The maximum thickness of plates is limited only by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements; however, current practice normally limits the maximum thickness of plates furnished under this specification to 2 in. [50 mm].
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This practice covers general requirements for Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy castings. HIP is a solid state process which applies heat and pressure simultaneously to objects in an autoclave via an inert gas in such a way as to eliminate internal voids and obtain desired properties. Inert gas is a non-oxidizing gas used for pressurizing a HIP vessel. This practice deals with quality requirements, autoclave type/qualification, temperature uniformity, temperature measurement and control, pressure measurement and control, and gas measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers general requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy castings.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document applies to bright steel products in the drawn, turned or ground condition delivered in straight lengths. This document is mainly applied to stainless steels of EN 10088-3 and other product standards, e.g. tool steels, roller bearing steels.
This document can also be used for cold heading steels in the form of bars and wire; in case of wire, the thickness and tolerances apply but not the length and the straightness.
The non-alloy and alloy steels of EN 10277 are no longer included.
This document does not cover cold rolled products and cut lengths produced from strip or sheet by cutting.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon steel sheets, in coils and cut lengths, in the following designations: commercial steels (CS Types A, B, and C); drawing steel (DS Types A and B); deep drawing steel (DDS); extra deep drawing steel (EDDS); structural steel (SS Grades 25[170], 30[205], 33[230] Types 1 and 2, 40[275] Types 1 and 2, 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]); high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLAS Classes 1 and 2 of Grades 45[310], 50[340]. 55[380], 60[410], 65[450], and 70[480]), high-strength low-alloy steel with improved formability (HSLAS-F Grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]); solution hardened steel (SHS); and bake hardenable steel (BHS). Conformance of the steel sheets to chemical composition requirements shall be tested by heat analysis. Specimens shall also undergo tension and bending tests and shall conform to specified values of tensile and yield strength, elongation, and bake hardening index. Unless otherwise indicated, sheet surfaces shall have a matte finish and shall be oiled.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon, structural, high-strength low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy with improved formability, required hardness, full hard, solution hardened, and bake hardenable steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths.
1.2 Cold rolled steel sheet is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.
1.3 This specification does not apply to steel strip as described in Specification A109/A109M.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is established to cover automated SEM/EDX-based procedures for:
5.1.1 Rating the inclusion content of steels based on procedures listed in Standards E45 and E1245, with the significant difference that the composition of the individual inclusions, as determined by X-ray analysis, is utilized to sort them into chemical classes.
5.1.2 Determining the number, size and morphological distribution of inclusions in steels sorted by chemical class.
5.2 Methods 1 and 2 of this test method are primarily intended for rating the inclusion content of steels deoxidized with silicon or aluminum, both silicon and aluminum, or vacuum-treated steels without either silicon or aluminum additions. Guidelines are provided to rate inclusions in steel treated with rare earth additions or calcium-bearing compounds (13.4). When such steels are evaluated, the test report should describe the nature of the inclusions rated according to each inclusion category (A, B, C, D).
5.3 Methods 1 and 2 will provide a quantitative rating of the inclusion content in half-severity number increments from 0 to 5 for each inclusion type and thickness (Method D of Test Method E45), and in tabulated in Table 2. Test Method E45 ratings by SEM may differ from those determined following E45 because of the use of chemistry in the classifications. In order to differentiate E45 ratings obtained using the SEM from traditional ratings using light microscopy, the ratings obtained using Method 1 or 2 of this Test Method shall be identified as E45-SEM1 and E45-SEM2, respectively.
5.4 Method 3 defines procedures to analyze and report inclusions by arbitrary size distribution and chemical classifications. It may be made applicable to any material by appropriate choice of these classifications.
5.4.1 Method 3 determines and reports basic (as used in Test Method E1245) stereological measurements (for example, volume fraction of sulfides and oxides, the number of sulfides or oxides per sq...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures to obtain particle size distribution, chemical classification, and Test Methods E45 ratings of inclusions in steels using an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X-ray analysis and automatic image analysis capabilities.
1.2 There are three discrete methods described. Method 1 is the SEM analog of Test Method E45, which uses image analysis and light microscopy to produce automated Test Methods E45 ratings. Method 2 produces similar ratings based predominantly on sorting inclusions by chemistry into the traditional classes defined in Test Methods E45. Method 3 is recommended when explicit detail is needed on particular inclusion types, not necessarily defined in Test Methods E45, such as to verify the composition of inclusions in inclusion-engineered steel. Method 3 reports stereological parameters such as volume or number fraction, rather than Test Methods E45 type ratings.
1.3 This test method deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel or other alloy where the method is appropriate.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Form and Style Manual provides mandatory requirements and recommended practices for the preparation and content of ASTM specifications. In order to promote consistency in the style and content of product specifications under its jurisdiction, Committee A01 recognizes the need to provide a supplementary document pertaining to the types of products and materials covered by those specifications.
4.2 This guide contains a list of sections to be considered for inclusion in a specification for steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products, and guidance or recommended wording, or both, for such sections.
4.3 Persons drafting new product specifications, or modifying existing ones, under the jurisdiction of Committee A01, should follow this guide and the requirements of the Form and Style Manual to ensure consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the editorial form and style for product specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01.
Note 1: For standards other than product specifications, such as test methods, practices, and guides, see the appropriate sections of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (Blue Book).2
1.2 Subcommittees preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specification covering similar commodities.
1.3 This guide has been prepared as a supplement to the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, and is appropriate for use by the subcommittees to Committee A01. This guide is to be applied in conjunction with the Form and Style Manual.
1.4 If a conflict exists between this guide and the mandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, the Form and Style Manual requirements have precedence. If a conflict exists between this guide and the nonmandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, the guide has precedence.
1.5 When patents are involved, the specifications writer should refer to section F3 of the Form and Style Manual. Also, refer to part F of the Form and Style Manual for trademark information and the safety hazards caveat.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document lists, under Clause 4, the European Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
In Clause 5, this document provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each standard.
Items which are under preparation as European Standards or as CEN Technical Reports by ECISS/TC 102 are available on the webpage of CEN, through the following link: https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:733643&cs=123E58BF77E3DE921F548B80C5FF2E5D4.
Annex A gives a list of other European Standards and CEN Technical Reports applicable for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
Annex B gives a list of withdrawn Euronorms, together with the corresponding replacement European Standards, if any.
Annex C shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document. Figure C.1 gives the content ranges of the referee methods, Figure C.2 gives the content ranges of the routine methods and Figure C.3 represents the fields of application of all the methods described.
Annex D provides a trilingual key of the abbreviations used in the Figures given in Annex C.
NOTE Three methods applicable for the analysis of some ferro-alloys are listed in Annex A.
- Technical report37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document lists, under Clause 4, the European Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
In Clause 5, this document provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each standard.
Items which are under preparation as European Standards or as CEN Technical Reports by ECISS/TC 102 are available on the webpage of CEN, through the following link: https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:733643&cs=123E58BF77E3DE921F548B80C5FF2E5D4.
Annex A gives a list of other European Standards and CEN Technical Reports applicable for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
Annex B gives a list of withdrawn Euronorms, together with the corresponding replacement European Standards, if any.
Annex C shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document. Figure C.1 gives the content ranges of the referee methods, Figure C.2 gives the content ranges of the routine methods and Figure C.3 represents the fields of application of all the methods described.
Annex D provides a trilingual key of the abbreviations used in the Figures given in Annex C.
NOTE Three methods applicable for the analysis of some ferro-alloys are listed in Annex A.
- Technical report37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this guide for the grades identified in their product specifications unless there is a specific technical justification for doing otherwise.
4.2 The composition limits given in this guide are to be used as guides in determining limits for each of the elements included in the total composition of each grade. The composition limits have been established with the intent that each ASTM subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for determining the limits for each element; the limits established in this guide are based upon these guidelines.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel products, including discontinued steels.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition.
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially where such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be found in SAE J1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast materials and welding filler metals.
1.7 In 1995, the AISI made the decision to transfer the responsibility of maintaining its numbering system to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for carbon and alloy steels (SAE J403 and SAE J404) and to ASTM International for stainless steels (Guide A959 and others). To inform users of this important event, historical information is included in the appendix of this standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method for the verification of models for the determination of the property data of steels and the validation of the modelling process. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data), or a combination of these methods.
This document applies only for providing the properties of rolled and/or heat-treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections and bars.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, measured by conventional testing.
Any self-learning system is excluded from the scope.
NOTE A self-learning, in the spirit of an auto-adaptive model, is a model which changes its internal parameters by itself.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less than:
- 100 bar when containing gases or liquids in group 1 or 2
- 1000 bar when containing liquids in group 2 only.
and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc.
NOTE 1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications and for their corrosion resistance properties.
NOTE 2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 5.1-1 and 5.1-2. Service conditions are given in Clause 4.
This document, EN 13445-6, does not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades with, with an elongation after fracture equal or less than 15 % which are explicitly excluded. Requirements for the use of cast irons with an elongation after fracture equal or less than 15 % are given in EN 15776.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies qualities for high-yield-strength quenched and tempered structural steels. It applies to steel plates and wide flats rolled on a reversing mill which are used in the quenched and tempered condition and normally intended for welded or bolted structures. This document covers 10 grades and 5 qualities. Grades S460Q, S500Q, S550Q, S620Q, S690Q, S890Q and S960Q are covered in Annex A. Grades SG460Q, SG500Q, and SG700Q are covered in Annex B. Not all grades are available in all qualities, and some qualities have Charpy V-notch requirements. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled flat products with a minimum nominal thickness of 3 mm and a maximum nominal thickness of 200 mm for grades S460Q, S500Q, S550Q, S620Q and S690Q, a maximum nominal thickness of 125 mm for grades S890Q and S960Q, a maximum nominal thickness of 100 mm for grades SG460Q and SG500Q and a maximum nominal thickness of 150 mm for grade SG700Q. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards: - Sheet and strip - refer to ISO TC 17/SC 12, Continuous mill flat rolled products; - Tubular products - refer to ISO TC 5/SC 1, Steel tubes. NOTE 1 Lists of standards covered by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 and ISO/TC 5/SC 1 are available on the ISO website. NOTE 2 In all parts of ISO 630, the term of "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies qualities for steels for general structural use. This document applies to steel plates rolled on a reversing mill, wide flats, hot-rolled sections and bars, which are used in the as-delivered condition and normally intended for welded or bolted structures. This document covers 8 steel grades and 4 qualities. Grades S235, S275, S355, and S460 are covered in Annex A. Grades SG205, SG250, SG285 and SG345 are covered in Annex B. Not all grades are available in all qualities, and some qualities have Charpy V‑notch requirements. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled flat products and sections with: - thicknesses ≥ 3 mm and ≤ 150 mm for long products of steel grade S460 all qualities; - thicknesses ≥ 3 mm and ≤ 250 mm for long products or ≤ 400 mm for flat products of all other grades and qualities; and no restriction on nominal thickness for grades SG205, SG250, SG285, and SG345 for flat products, sections and long products. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards: - sheet and strip: refer to ISO TC 17/SC 12 “Continuous mill flat rolled products”; - tubular products: refer to ISO TC 5/SC 1 “Steel tubes”. NOTE 1 Lists of standards covered by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 and ISO/TC 5/SC 1 are available on the ISO website. NOTE 2 In all parts of ISO 630, the term of "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for flat and long products of hot-rolled weldable fine-grain structural steels in the as-rolled (for SG grades only), normalized/normalized rolled and thermomechanical processed delivery conditions. It applies to steel plates rolled on a reversing mill, wide flats, hot-rolled sections and bars, which are intended for use in heavily loaded parts of welded or bolted structures. This document covers 13 grades and 6 qualities. Grades S275, S355, S390, S420, S460 and S500 are covered in Annex A. Grades SG245, SG290, SG325, SG345, SG365, SG415 and SG460 are covered in Annex B. Not all grades are available in all qualities, and some qualities have Charpy V-notch requirements. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled plates, wide flats, sections and bars with a minimum nominal thickness of 3 mm and a maximum nominal thickness of 250 mm for grades S275N, S355N, S390N, S420N and S460N, a maximum nominal thickness of 150 mm for grades S275M, S355M, S390M, S420M, S460M, and S500M, a maximum nominal thickness of 200 mm for grades SG245, SG325 and SG415, a maximum nominal thickness of 100 mm for grades SG345, SG365 and SG460, and a maximum nominal thickness of 40 mm for grade SG290. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards: - Sheet and strip - refer to ISO TC 17/SC 12, Continuous mill flat rolled products; - Tubular products - refer to ISO TC 5/SC 1, Steel tubes. NOTE 1 Lists of standards covered by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 and ISO/TC 5/SC 1 are available on the ISO website. NOTE 2 In all parts of ISO 630, the term of "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general technical delivery conditions for steel flat and long products (plates/ sections/wide flats and bars) used principally for general-purpose structural steels. The steels specified in this document are intended for use in welded or bolted structures. The specific requirements for structural steels are given in the individual parts of ISO 630. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards: - sheet and strip: refer to ISO TC 17/SC 12 “Continuous mill flat rolled products”; - tubular products: refer to ISO TC 5/SC 1 “Steel tubes”. NOTE 1 Lists of standards covered by ISO/TC 17/SC 12 and ISO/TC 5/SC 1 are available on the ISO website. NOTE 2 In all parts of ISO 630, the term of "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification describes seamless and welded ferritic, austenitic and duplex alloy steel tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce and integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The integrally enhanced (finned) tubes shall be manufactured from seamless, welded, or welded/cold worked plain tubes that conform to the specified requirements. The tube shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in the governing plain tube specification. Pneumatic tests, eddy-current tests, air underwater pressure tests, pressure differential tests, and hydrostatic tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes seamless and welded ferritic, austenitic and duplex alloy steel tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). Boiler tubes are excluded.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The height of surface profile has been shown to be a factor in the performance of various coatings applied to steel. For this reason, surface profile should be measured prior to coating application to ensure conformance of a prepared surface to profile requirements specified by the manufacturer of a protective coating or the coating job specification.
Note 2: The peak count/peak density has been shown to be a factor in the performance of various coatings applied to steel. According to research performed by Roper, Weaver and Brandon6, an increase in peak count can improve the adhesion of some coatings to the prepared steel, as well as provide greater resistance to corrosion undercutting once the coating becomes damaged in service.
Note 3: Optical microscope methods serve as a referee method for surface profile measurement methods A and B. Profile depth designations are based on the concept of mean maximum profile (h max); this value is determined by averaging a given number (usually 20) of the highest peak to lowest valley measurements made in the field of view of a standard measuring microscope. This is done because of evidence that coating performance in any one small area is primarily influenced by the highest surface features in that area and not by the average roughness.7
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the description of techniques for measuring the profile of abrasive blast cleaned surfaces in the field, shop, and laboratory. There are other techniques suitable for laboratory use not covered by these test methods.
1.2 Method B may also be appropriate to the measurement of profile produced by using power tools.
Note 1: The Method B procedure in this standard was developed for use on flat surfaces. Depending on the radius of the surface, the results could have greater variability with lower values and averages.
1.3 SSPC standard SSPC-PA 17 provides additional guidance for determining conformance with surface profile requirements.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the classification, method of sample preparation, certification main rules and certificate content of the EURONORM-CRMs.
It also details the sample presentation of the various producers' organizations and the distributing sources.
- Technical report11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the classification, method of sample preparation, certification main rules and certificate content of the EURONORM-CRMs.
It also details the sample presentation of the various producers' organizations and the distributing sources.
- Technical report11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers commercial, structural, high-strength low-alloy, and ultra-high strength steel sheet in coils and cut lengths produced by the twin-roll casting process.
1.2 The steel sheet is available in the designations listed in Section 4.
1.3 The material is available in the following sizes:
Thickness:
0.027 to 0.078 in. [0.7 to 2.0 mm]
Width:
up to 79 in. [2000 mm]
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: A description of the Twin-roll Casting Process is included in Appendix X1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This document provides guidance for the implementation of procedures for the preparation, testing, and documentation of an in-house reference material (hereafter called an iRM) to be used for a number of purposes, enumerated in the following document, associated with development, validation, and control of chemical and physical measurement processes.
4.2 This guide is primarily concerned with characterization of the chemical compositions of metals, ores, and related materials. For all these materials, there is a continuing, strong demand for reference materials (RMs) that is difficult for metrology institutes and private certified reference material (CRM) developers to meet because CRM development requires substantial investments of time and money. The metals and mining industries consume RMs and create new product and by-product compositions at high rates. They use analytical methods that provide rapid and accurate determinations, and both quality assurance and quality control can be maintained using efficient procedures provided appropriate iRMs are available.
4.3 The user of this guide must recognize that development of an iRM for any purpose carries with it the responsibility to design and execute the development process correctly, and to document the process thoroughly. In addition, the user of an iRM bears the responsibility for correct use of the iRM material within its design limitations.
4.4 This guide contains discussions on material selection and sampling for RMs with some attention given to conversion to the final forms.
4.5 The use of iRMs is appropriate for control chart procedures to demonstrate that chemical measurement processes are under statistical control. This function requires demonstration of sufficient homogeneity of a material, but it does not require assignment of chemical and physical property values with associated, exhaustively evaluated uncertainties.
4.6 The use of iRMs is appropriate for calibration of test methods ...
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance for the implementation of procedures for preparation of in-house reference materials for analytical testing of metals, ores, slags, and other materials encountered within the metals and mining industries.
1.2 This guide is applicable to the production of reference materials only (usually for internal use) and does not apply to the production of certified reference materials (CRMs). Materials may include metals, alloys, minerals, geological materials, manufacturing intermediates, and byproducts. Samples may be in a number of physical forms including blocks, disks, rods, wires, chips, granules, powders, and liquids.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides five test methods suitable for assessing the safety and performance characteristics of cantilevered steel bunks for detention and correctional facilities.
1.2 These test methods address impact from the top of the bunk, the application of a static force from the top, sides, in various directions, and a force applied from the bottom of the bunk.
1.3 The forces applied simulate those that are foreseeable from abuse by up to two individuals.
1.4 The tests are intended to be used to aid in identifying the appropriate level of physical security associated with various configurations of cantilevered bunk design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 4885:2018 defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials.
NOTE The term ferrous materials include products and workpieces of steel and cast iron.
Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Chinese and Japanese.
Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product.
This document may be applied as a supplement to all product standards for flat products and sections of fully killed steels, except stainless steels. It covers products having a nominal thickness (t) between 15 mm and 400 mm of steels with a specified minimum upper yield strength ReH or proof strength Rp0,2 ≤ 960 MPa ) for which improved through thickness properties are required.
This document may be applied to other steel types if agreed at the time of the order.
This document may be applied to products with thickness between 10 mm ≤ t <15 mm if agreed at the time of the order. See option 1.
This document may be applied to products with thickness t > 400 mm if agreed at the time of the order. See Option 2.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4885:2018 defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials. NOTE The term ferrous materials include products and workpieces of steel and cast iron. Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Chinese and Japanese. Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 377:2017 specifies requirements for the identification, location and preparation of samples and test pieces intended for mechanical tests on steel sections, bars, rod, flat products and tubular products as defined in ISO 6929. If agreed in the order, ISO 377:2017 can also apply to other metallic products. These samples and test pieces are for use in tests that are carried out in conformity with the methods specified in the product or material standard or, in the absence of this, in the standard for the test method.
Where the requirements of the order or product standard differ from those given in ISO 377:2017, then the requirements of the order or product standard apply.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6929:2013 defines terms for steel products according to their a) stage of manufacture, b) shape and dimensions, and c) appearance.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard40 pagesRussian languagesale 15% off
- Standard50 pagesRussian languagesale 15% off
ISO 404:2013 specifies the general technical delivery requirements for all steel products covered by ISO 6929, with the exception of steel castings and powder metallurgical products. ISO 10474 describes the inspection documents to be used. Where the delivery requirements agreed upon for the order or specified in the appropriate product or material standard differ from the general technical delivery requirements defined in ISO 404:2013, then it is the requirements agreed for ordering or specified in the appropriate product or material standard that apply.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 10474:2013 defines the different types of inspection documents supplied to the purchaser, in accordance with the requirements of the order, for the delivery of steel products. ISO 10474:2013 is to be used in conjunction with other International Standards which specify the general technical delivery conditions: ? for steel and steel products, see ISO 404; ? for steel castings, see ISO 4990.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesRussian languagesale 15% off
1.1 This European Standard covers the grades of wrought steels and alloys listed in Table 1 and Table 2, which are usually employed for components and equipment, for which the main requirement is their creep resistance under mechanical long-time stressing at temperatures above 500 C.
NOTE Heat resisting grades given in EN 10095 [9] may also be used for similar applications if so agreed.
1.2 This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip, hot or cold formed (cold drawn) bars, rods, wire and sections.
1.3 The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021:2006 apply in addition to the specifications of this European Standard, unless otherwise specified in this European Standard.
1.4 This European Standard does not apply to components manufactured by further processing the product forms listed in 1.2 with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.
1.5 This European Standard shall not be used for aerospace and pressure purposes.
1.6 For steels and alloys with similar chemical composition, but intended for different applications, see the Bibliography.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines terms for steel products according to:
a) shape and dimensions; and
b) appearance and surface condition.
NOTE 1 Although the products are generally defined independently of their end uses or manufacturing processes, it has sometimes been necessary to make reference to these criteria.
NOTE 2 All dimensions given in this European Standard are nominal.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general technical delivery conditions for all steel products covered by
EN 10079 with the exception of steel castings and powder metallurgical products.
Where the delivery requirements agreed for the order or specified in the appropriate product standard differ from the general technical delivery conditions defined in this European Standard, then the requirements agreed for the order or specified in the appropriate product standard apply.
NOTE Inspection documents are covered by EN 10168 and EN 10204.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines terms for steel products according to:
a) shape and dimensions; and
b) appearance and surface condition.
NOTE 1 Although the products are generally defined independently of their end uses or manufacturing processes, it has sometimes been necessary to make reference to these criteria.
NOTE 2 All dimensions given in this European Standard are nominal.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the general technical delivery conditions for all steel products covered by
EN 10079 with the exception of steel castings and powder metallurgical products.
Where the delivery requirements agreed for the order or specified in the appropriate product standard differ from the general technical delivery conditions defined in this European Standard, then the requirements agreed for the order or specified in the appropriate product standard apply.
NOTE Inspection documents are covered by EN 10168 and EN 10204.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This European Standard specifies the different types of inspection documents supplied to the purchaser, in accordance with the requirements of the order, for the delivery of all metallic products e.g. plates, sheets, bars, forgings, castings, whatever their method of production.
1.2 This standard may also apply to non-metallic products.
1.3 This standard is used in conjunction with the product specifications which specify the technical delivery conditions of the products.
NOTE 1 The list of information that may be included in the inspection documents can be found in appropriate documents, e.g. prEN 10168 for steel.
NOTE 2 Annex A gives a summary of the different inspection documents.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard lists the information that may be communicated and includes a brief description in the inspection documents of iron and steel products as described in EN 10021 and EN 10204. By laying down standardized designations and definitions for information likely to appear in inspection documents and by introducing code numbers for each of the designated sections, this European Standard intends to contribute to the elimination of communication difficulties in European trade.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This European Standard specifies the different types of inspection documents supplied to the purchaser, in accordance with the requirements of the order, for the delivery of all metallic products e.g. plates, sheets, bars, forgings, castings, whatever their method of production.
1.2 This standard may also apply to non-metallic products.
1.3 This standard is used in conjunction with the product specifications which specify the technical delivery conditions of the products.
NOTE 1 The list of information that may be included in the inspection documents can be found in appropriate documents, e.g. prEN 10168 for steel.
NOTE 2 Annex A gives a summary of the different inspection documents.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard lists the information that may be communicated and includes a brief description in the inspection documents of iron and steel products as described in EN 10021 and EN 10204. By laying down standardized designations and definitions for information likely to appear in inspection documents and by introducing code numbers for each of the designated sections, this European Standard intends to contribute to the elimination of communication difficulties in European trade.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for steel lighting columns. It includes materials and conformity control. It applies to post top columns not exceeding 20 m height for post top lanterns and to columns with brackets not exceeding 18 m height for side entry lanterns.
This European Standard specifies performance related to the essential requirements of resistance to horizontal (wind) loads and performance under impact in support of the Essential Requirement No 4 Safety in use measured according to the corresponding test methods included in this European Standard or available in separate European Standards.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity of the products to this European Standard.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for steel lighting columns. It includes materials and conformity control. It applies to post top columns not exceeding 20 m height for post top lanterns and to columns with brackets not exceeding 18 m height for side entry lanterns.
This European Standard specifies performance related to the essential requirements of resistance to horizontal (wind) loads and performance under impact in support of the Essential Requirement No 4 Safety in use measured according to the corresponding test methods included in this European Standard or available in separate European Standards.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity of the products to this European Standard.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4885:2018 defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials.
NOTE The term ferrous materials include products and workpieces of steel and cast iron.
Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Chinese and Japanese.
Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.
- Draft66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4885:2018 defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials.
NOTE The term ferrous materials include products and workpieces of steel and cast iron.
Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Chinese and Japanese.
Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.
- Draft66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4885:2017 defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials.
NOTE The term ferrous materials include products and workpieces of steel and cast iron.
Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Chinese and Japanese.
Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft53 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 377:2013 specifies requirements for the identification, location and preparation of samples and test pieces intended for mechanical tests on steel sections, bars, rod, flat products and tubular products as defined in ISO 6929. If agreed in the order, ISO 377:2013 can also apply to other metallic products. These samples and test pieces are for use in tests that are carried out in conformity with the methods specified in the product or material standard or, in the absence of this, in the standard for the test method.
Where the requirements of the order or product standard differ from those given in ISO 377:2013, then the requirements of the order or product standard apply.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the product forms for use in pressure parts of water-tube boilers and for parts welded on to pressure parts:
- plates;
- wrought seamless tubes;
- electrically welded tubes;
- submerged, plasma and TIG arc-welded tubes;
- forgings;
- castings;
- rolled bars;
- welding consumables;
- fasteners;
- seamless composite tubes.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for hot and cold formed stainless steel bars for the construction of pressure equipment supplied in accordance with one of the process routes and surface finishes listed in Table 5.
The general technical delivery conditions in EN 10021 also apply.
NOTE Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 97/23/EC are satisfied, needs to be done.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day