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77.100 - Ferroalloys

ICS 77.100 Details

Ferroalloys

Ferrolegierungen

Ferro-alliages

Železove zlitine

General Information

Parent
77 - METALLURGY

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 77.100 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Ferroalloys". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 260 standards classified under ICS 77.100 (Ferroalloys). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

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Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ISO
ISO 7692:2025(Main)
Ferrotitanium - Determination of titanium content - Titrimetric method

This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of the titanium content of ferrotitanium. The method is applicable to titanium contents of a mass fraction between 20,0 % and 80,0 % in ferrotitanium.

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ASTM
ASTM A941-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.  
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee A01 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.  
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.  
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of identical terms in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A958/A958M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings. The steel specimens shall be heat treated and shall conform to the required values of austenitizing temperature and tempering temperature. The steel materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. Tensile tests shall be performed and the steel specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and low-alloy steel castings having chemical analyses similar to those of the standard wrought grades.  
1.2 Several classes are covered and are designated by chemical composition as shown in Table 1.  
1.3 Options for tensile properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.    
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A100-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrosilicon

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of ferrosilicon used for steel-making and foundry. The grades shall conform to the required chemical composition for silicon, carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, manganese, calcium, and boron. Sizes available of ferrosilicon for various grades are specified. Ferroalloys exhibit varying degrees of friability; therefore, some attrition may be expected in transit, storage, and handling. Chemical analysis of the material shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of ferrosilicon for steelmaking and foundry uses.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units (SI units) given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIST
SIST ISO 5451:2023(Main)
Ferrovanadium - Specification and conditions of delivery
ISO 5451:2022

This document defines the specification and conditions of delivery for ferrovanadium usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use.

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ISO
ISO 5451:2022(Main)
Ferrovanadium - Specification and conditions of delivery
SIST ISO 5451:2023

This document defines the specification and conditions of delivery for ferrovanadium usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use.

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ISO
ISO 11400:2021(Main)
Nickel, ferronickels and nickel alloys - Determination of phosphorus content - Phosphovanadomolybdate spectrophotometric method

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of the phosphorus content in nickel, ferronickels and nickel alloys between 0,000 5 % (by mass) and 0,05 % (by mass). Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium and tungsten interfere, but the interferences can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content [0,000 5 % (by mass)] can only be reached in samples with low contents of these interfering elements.

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ASTM
ASTM E32-21(Practice)
Standard Practices for Sampling Ferroalloys and Steel Additives for Determination of Chemical Composition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices for the sampling of ferroalloys and steel additives are intended for use with test methods used to demonstrate compliance with composition specifications. It is assumed that all who use these methods will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling procedures skillfully and safely.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis for the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any sampling procedure desired, but the analytical results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for compliance or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.  
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its estimation in other alloys requires special analytical procedures (Annex A1). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type involved.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A957/A957M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory for castings produced by the investment casting process to meet the metallurgical requirements of the following steel casting specifications. Chemical, heat, and product analyses shall be performed wherein the material shall meet the specified composition limits for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, copper, and aluminum. The specified design and dimensions of the ICI test bar shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castings. The material shall conform to mechanical properties including tension test requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory for castings produced by the investment casting process to meet the metallurgical requirements of the following steel casting specifications issued by ASTM.    
ASTM Designation  
Title of Specification    
A27/A27M  
Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application    
A128/A128M  
Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese  
A148/A148M  
Steel Castings, High-Strength, for Structural Purposes    
A297/A297M  
Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat-Resistant, for General Application    
A447/A447M  
Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service    
A494/A494M  
Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy    
A560/A560M  
Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy    
A732/A732M  
Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures    
A743/A743M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion-Resistant, for General Application    
A744/A744M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service    
A747/A747M  
Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening    
A890/A890M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application    
A915/A915M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades    
A958/A958M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades  
A1002  
Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired, and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 When investment castings are ordered, the requirements stated in this specification form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification shall take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 23156:2021(Main)
Ferronickels - Determination of phosphorus, manganese, chromium, copper and cobalt contents - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method

This document specifies a method for the determination of phosphorus, manganese, chromium, copper and cobalt contents in ferronickels, by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry, within the ranges specified in Table 1. This method is applicable to all grades of ferronickels specified in ISO 6501.

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ASTM
ASTM F1684-06(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, which both contain nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, are the conventional alloy designated as UNS No. K93603 and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. On the other hand, the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy contains nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, and is designated as UNS No. K93500. UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500 shall be in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing, while UNS No. K93050 shall be for bar products only. When test, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, hardness, tensile strength, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, is designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. The free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three alloys.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This pertains only to the test method section, Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A482/A482M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrochrome-Silicon

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferrochrome-silicon of Grades A and B. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of chromium, carbon, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, manganese, nickel, vanadium, copper, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, arsenic, lead, tin, zinc, boron, antimony, silver, and bismuth.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers several grades of ferrochrome-silicon.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.2.2 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A550-16(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrocolumbium (Ferroniobium)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three grades of ferrocolumbium, designated low-alloy steel grade, alloy and stainless steel grade, and high-purity grade. The material shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition. Also, the ferrocolumbium shall be available in the sizes and tolerances specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three grades of Ferrocolumbium (ferroniobium), designated Low-Alloy Steel Grade, Alloy and Stainless Steel Grade, and High-Purity Grade.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CEN
EN ISO 6501:2020(Main)
Ferronickel - Specification and delivery requirements (ISO 6501:2020)
SIST EN ISO 6501:2020

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for the various forms of ferronickel (ingots, pieces and shot) usually supplied for steel making and foundry use.

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CEN
EN ISO 7526:2020(Main)
Ferronickels - Determination of sulfur content - Infrared absorption method after induction furnace combustion (ISO 7526:2020)
SIST EN ISO 7526:2020

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the sulfur content in ferronickels in the range of 0,002 % to 0,12 %.
The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).

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SIST
SIST EN ISO 6501:2020(Main)
Ferronickel - Specification and delivery requirements (ISO 6501:2020)
EN ISO 6501:2020

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for the various forms of ferronickel (ingots, pieces and shot) usually supplied for steel making and foundry use.

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SIST
SIST ISO 5446:2020(Main)
Ferromanganese - Specification and conditions of delivery
ISO 5446:2017

ISO 5446:2017 specifies requirements and conditions of delivery for ferromanganese usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use.

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ISO
ISO 6501:2020(Main)
Ferronickel - Specification and delivery requirements

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for the various forms of ferronickel (ingots, pieces and shot) usually supplied for steel making and foundry use.

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ISO
ISO 7526:2020(Main)
Ferronickels - Determination of sulfur content - Infrared absorption method after induction furnace combustion

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the sulfur content in ferronickels in the range of 0,002 % to 0,12 %. The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).

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ISO
ISO 7524:2020(Main)
Ferronickels - Determination of carbon content - Infrared absorption method after induction furnace combustion

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the carbon content in ferronickels in the range of 0,004 % to 2,5 %. The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).

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ASTM
ASTM A1025/A1025M-10(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferroalloys and Other Alloying Materials, General Requirements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to ferroalloys and other alloying materials. The chemical analysis method shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be sampled for determination of chemical composition and size.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to ferroalloys and other alloying materials under each of the following ASTM specifications:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM Designation  
Ferromanganese  
A99  
Ferrosilicon  
A100  
Ferrochromium  
A101  
Ferrovanadium  
A102  
Ferromolybdenum  
A132  
Molybdenum Oxide Products  
A146  
Ferroboron  
A323  
Ferrotitanium  
A324  
Chromium Metal  
A481  
Ferrochrome-Silicon  
A482/A482M  
Silicomanganese  
A483/A483M  
Calcium-Silicon Alloys  
A495  
Ferrocolumbium  
A550  
Electrolytic Manganese Metal  
A601/A601M  
Nickel Oxide Sinter  
A636  
Ferromanganese Silicon  
A701/A701M  
Titanium Scrap for Use in Deoxidation and Alloying of Steel  
A845  
Aluminum Scrap for Use in Deoxidation and Alloying of Steel  
A846  
Silicon Metal  
A922  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to the above specifications as indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 In case of conflict between the requirements of the individual specification and this general specification, the former shall prevail.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units (within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets); however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A701/A701M-10(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferromanganese-Silicon

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferromanganese-silicon alloy. The alloys which are available in different sizes shall conform to the required chemical composition for manganese, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, arsenic, tin, lead, and chromium.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a manganese-silicon alloy.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units (within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets); however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A835/A835M-10(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Sizes of Ferroalloys and Alloy Additives

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for sizes of screened ferroalloys and alloy additives. Products shall conform to specified nominal size, standard ordered size, maximum allowable oversize, maximum allowable undersize, and friability rating. Description of the friability ratings of the ferroalloys is also provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard nominal sizes and size tolerances of screened ferroalloy and alloy additive products. This specification provides a range of sizes as referenced in all ASTM specifications for ferroalloys and alloy additives.  
1.2 The sizes and tolerances allow for varying degrees of friability upon receipt of material since some attrition may be expected in transit, storage, and handling.  
1.3 Specifications of sieve sizes used to define tolerances are listed in Specification E11. Representative procedures for evaluation of each lot are described in Test Methods A610. Refer to Appendix X1 for applicable sieve designations (see Table X1.1).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units (within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets); however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A483/A483M-10(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Silicomanganese

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for silicomanganese of Grades A, B, and C. Materials shall conform to manganese, silicon, carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur contents, as well as supplemental requirements of arsenic, tin, lead, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. The material shall also conform to standard sizes and tolerances.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of silicomanganese.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units (within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets); however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A323-05(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferroboron

ABSTRACT
This specification covers several grades of ferroboron. The grades shall conform to the required chemical composition for boron, carbon, silicon, and aluminum. Various sizes of ferroboron are detailed. Chemical analysis of the material shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers several grades of ferroboron.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A132-04(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferromolybdenum

ABSTRACT
This specification covers different sizes of two grades of ferromolybdenum. The material shall conform to the requirements as to composition of the following chemical elements: molybdenum, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and copper.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two grades of ferromolybdenum.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A324-08(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrotitanium

ABSTRACT
This specification covers four grades of ferrotitanium designated as A,B,C and D. The grades which are available in different sizes shall conform to the required chemical composition for titanium, carbon, silicon, and aluminum and for supplementary elements such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, vanadium, lead, arsenic, bismuth, tin, zinc, zirconium, boron, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of ferrotitanium, designated A, B, C, and D.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A101-04(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrochromium

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of ferrochromium designated as high carbon and low carbon, the latter including nitrogen-bearing and vacuum grades. The grades which are available in different sizes shall conform to the required chemical composition for chromium, carbon, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of ferrochromium designated as high carbon and low carbon, the latter including nitrogen-bearing and vacuum grades.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A99-03(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferromanganese

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for ferromanganese (Grades A, B, and C), medium-carbon ferromanganese (Grades A, B, C, D, and nitrided) and low-carbon ferromanganese (Grades A and B). The ferroalloys shall conform to manganese, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen contents specific to different material grades. Materials shall also adhere to content limits of arsenic, tin, lead and chromium. The material shall be available in standard sizes, tolerances, and friability ratings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ten grades of ferromanganese, designated as follows:    
Standard ferromanganese  
Grade A  
Grade B  
Grade C    
Medium-carbon ferromanganese  
Grades A, B, C, and D    
Nitrided    
Low-carbon ferromanganese  
Grade A  
Grade B  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A610-79(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Ferroalloys for Determination of Size

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard methods for sampling and testing of various ferroalloys for size analysis. Ferroalloys are classified into lump and crushed or plates sizes. The small-sized samples subject to screen testing shall be taken from the lot sample by riffling, and larger sized samples by mixing and quartering. Sizing of lumps shall be done by visual examination. Crushed or plates materials shall be subjected to sieving by using either manually driven or mechanically driven screen vibrators to divide samples into several size fractions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of the various ferroalloys for sizing, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers.  
1.2 They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's certified analysis for the same lot.  
1.3 The purchaser may use any sampling procedure he desires, but the results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The SI units that correspond to mesh sizes in Table 1 are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A146-04(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Molybdenum Oxide Products

ABSTRACT
This specification covers four grades of molybdenum oxide, designates as A, B1, B2, and molybdic oxide briquets. The various grades shall conform to the required chemical compositions of molybdenum, sulfur, and copper. The materials shall be sampled and shall undergo correction of the sample to dry net weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of molybdenum oxide, designated as A, B1, B2, and molybdic oxide briquets.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A102-04(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferrovanadium

ABSTRACT
This specification covers different sizes of one grade of ferrovanadium. The material shall undergo chemical analysis and shall conform to the requirements as to composition of the following chemical elements: vanadium, carbon, silicon, aluminum, sulfur, and phosphorus.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of ferrovanadium.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B603-07(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Drawn or Rolled Iron-Chromium-Aluminum Alloys for Electrical Heating Elements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annealed, drawn or rolled iron-chromium-aluminum alloy shapes used for electrical heating and resistance purposes. This specification contains the requirements for chemical composition, electrical resistance, mechanical properties and temperature-dependent changes in resistance of the alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed, drawn, or rolled shapes for electrical heating and resistance purposes of alloys consisting mainly of iron, chromium, and aluminum as detailed in Table 1.    
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 6467:2018(Main)
Ferrovanadium - Determination of vanadium content - Potentiometric method

ISO 6467:2018 specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of the vanadium content of ferrovanadium. The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 35,0 % and 85,0 % (mass fraction) in ferrovanadium.

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ISO
ISO 5446:2017(Main)
Ferromanganese - Specification and conditions of delivery
SIST ISO 5446:2020

ISO 5446:2017 specifies requirements and conditions of delivery for ferromanganese usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use.

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SIST
SIST EN 19694-6:2017(Main)
Stationary source emissions - Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 6: Ferroalloy industry
EN 19694-6:2016

This European Standard provides a harmonized methodology for calculating GHG emissions from the ferro-alloys industry based on the mass balance approach . It also provides key performance indicators over time of ferro-alloys plants.  It addresses the following direct and indirect sources of GHG:
-   Scope 1  - Direct GHG emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions result from the following sources:
-   smelting (reduction) process;
-   decomposition of carbonates inside the furnace;
-   auxiliaries operation related to the smelting operation (i.e. aggregates, drying processes, heating of ladles, etc.).
-   Scope 2 - Indirect GHG emissions from:
-   the generation of purchased electricity consumed in the company’s owned or controlled equipment.
This European Standard is to be used in conjunction with FprEN 19694-1, which contains generic, overall requirements, definitions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for all energy-intensive sectors, provides common methodological issues and defines the details for applying the rules. The application of this standard to the sector-specific standards ensures accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the results and is for this reason a normative reference standard. The requirements of these standards do not supersede legislative requirements.

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CEN
EN ISO 8049:2016(Main)
Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)
SIST EN ISO 8049:2016

ISO 8049:2016 defines a method of sampling for analysis of ferronickel lots in the form of shot as specified in ISO 6501 in those cases where lots are constituted either heat by heat or by taking from blended stock.
The purpose is to determine the contents of the various elements
-      either from slugs by physical analysis methods (such as X-ray fluorescence or emission spectral analysis), or
-      from chips by dry methods (carbon, sulfur) or chemical analysis (other elements).

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SIST
SIST EN ISO 8049:2016(Main)
Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)
EN ISO 8049:2016

ISO 8049:2016 defines a method of sampling for analysis of ferronickel lots in the form of shot as specified in ISO 6501 in those cases where lots are constituted either heat by heat or by taking from blended stock.
The purpose is to determine the contents of the various elements
-      either from slugs by physical analysis methods (such as X-ray fluorescence or emission spectral analysis), or
-      from chips by dry methods (carbon, sulfur) or chemical analysis (other elements).

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ISO
ISO 8049:2016(Main)
Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis

ISO 8049:2016 defines a method of sampling for analysis of ferronickel lots in the form of shot as specified in ISO 6501 in those cases where lots are constituted either heat by heat or by taking from blended stock. The purpose is to determine the contents of the various elements - either from slugs by physical analysis methods (such as X-ray fluorescence or emission spectral analysis), or - from chips by dry methods (carbon, sulfur) or chemical analysis (other elements).

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SIST
SIST EN 27520:2009(Main)
Ferronickel - Determination of cobalt content - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (ISO 7520:1985)
EN 27520:1991

Applies to cobalt contents in the range 0,025 to 2,5 % (m/m). Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling and samples, procedure, expression on results, special cases and test report.

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SIST
SIST EN 26352:2009(Main)
Ferronickel - Determination of nickel content - Dimenthylglyoxime gravimetric method (ISO 6352:1985)
EN 26352:1991

Applies to nickel contents in the range 15 to 60 % (m/m). Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus and samples, procedure, expression of results and test report. Annex A is provided for the determination of nickel in combined filtrates by atomic absorption spectrometry. Annex B gives a statistical report of interlaboratory tests.

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SIST
SIST EN 28343:2009(Main)
Ferronickel - Determination of silicon content - Gravimetric method (ISO 8343:1985)
EN 28343:1991

Specifies a method for the determination of silicon in ferronickel in the range 0,2 to 4,0 % (m/m). Gives principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling and samples, procedure, expression of results and test report.

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SIST
SIST EN 28050:2009(Main)
Ferronickel ingots or pieces - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8050:1988)
EN 28050:1992

Applies to ferronickel lots in ingot or piece form with a view to obtaining a representative laboratory sample for the determination of the chemical composition of the lot. A choice is to be made between a first procedure that can be applied at the producer's plant during casting or a second procedure that can be applied to lots as delivered at the buyer's premises. Includes two alternatives for sample taking (drilling and milling). Each party is entitled to participate in sampling operations.

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SIST
SIST ISO 8954-1:2002(Main)
Ferroalloys -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: Materials
ISO 8954-1:1990
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    10 pages
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SIST
SIST ISO 7373:2001(Main)
Ferroalloys -- Experimental methods for checking the precision of sample division
ISO 7373:1987

The methods are carried out on the gross sample or sub-sample obtained from a ferroalloy consignment according to the methods prescribed in the relevant International Standard. The methods are applicable to the taking of increments of crushable ferroalloys but are not applicable to uncrushable ferroalloys of which increments are taken by boring.

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SIST
SIST ISO 4551:2001(Main)
Ferroalloys -- Sampling and sieve analysis
ISO 4551:1987

Specifies the methods of sampling, sample preparation and sieve analysis for the determination of the size distribution in a consignment or a lot af all types of ferroalloys of particle size equal to or greater than 40 m.

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SIST
SIST ISO 7087:2001(Main)
Ferroalloys -- Experimental methods for the evaluation of the quality variation and methods for checking the precision of sampling
ISO 7087:1984

Specifies methods for the purposes of determining the parameters of random sampling given in the relevant International Standards. Includes an annex.

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SIST
SIST ISO 5445:2001(Main)
Ferrosilicon -- Specification and conditions of delivery
ISO 5445:1980

Refers to ferrosilicon usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use. Specifies definition, information for ordering, requirements, testing, despatch and storage. An annex recommends minimum dimensions of openings for feeding systems.

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SIST
SIST ISO 7347:2001(Main)
Ferroalloys -- Experimental methods for checking the bias of sampling and sample preparation
ISO 7347:1987

Applies to ferroalloys given in the relevant International Standards. Should be read in conjunction with ISO 3713, ISO 7087 and ISO 7373. Includes four annexes.

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SIST
SIST ISO 10386:2001(Main)
Ferroboron -- Specification and conditions of delivery
ISO 10386:1994

Specifies requirements and conditions of delivery for ferroboron usually supplied for steelmaking and foundry use.

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