77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
ICS 77.120.40 Details
Nickel, chromium and their alloys
Nickel, Chrom und deren Legierungen
Nickel et alliages de nickel
Nikelj, krom in njune zlitine
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This document prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered
electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. The classification of the covered electrodes is
based on the chemical composition of their deposited all-weld metal. It includes those compositions in
which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
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This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods for fusion welding of nickel and nickel alloys. The classification of the solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods is based on their chemical composition. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
The principles of this document can be applied to metal powders for cladding, hard facing and additive manufacturing.
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This document specifies requirements for the classification of tubular-cored electrodes for metal arc welding with or without a gas shield of nickel and nickel alloys. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
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This document specifies general rules and provides technical information on stainless steels and their properties, which are relevant when using other parts of the ISO 3506 series. It includes specifications for corrosion-resistant stainless steels and nickel alloys, which are suitable for the manufacture of fasteners.
It applies to austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel grades and nickel alloys for fasteners, and is intended to be used together with the relevant parts of the ISO 3506 series.
Common designations of stainless steels and nickel alloys used for fasteners are given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of the phosphorus content in nickel, ferronickels and nickel alloys between 0,000 5 % (by mass) and 0,05 % (by mass). Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium and tungsten interfere, but the interferences can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content [0,000 5 % (by mass)] can only be reached in samples with low contents of these interfering elements.
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This document lists the International Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of nickels, ferronickels and nickel alloys (see Clause 4). It provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each International Standard (see Clause 5). Annex A shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document: Figure A.1 represents the fields of application of the methods available for the three kinds of matrixes; Figure A.2 gives the content ranges of the methods for nickels; Figure A.3 gives the content ranges of the methods for ferronickels; Figure A.4 gives the content ranges of the methods for nickel alloys. Annex B provides a bilingual key of the abbreviated terms used in the figures given in Annex A.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of phosphorus, manganese, chromium, copper and cobalt contents in ferronickels, by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry, within the ranges specified in Table 1. This method is applicable to all grades of ferronickels specified in ISO 6501.
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This document specifies a molecular absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium content in nickel alloys. The method is applicable to titanium contents between 0,3 % (mass fraction) and 5,0 % (mass fraction). Molybdenum, if present in the alloy, can cause a high bias in the reported titanium value to the extent of 0,001 % Ti for every 1,0 % Mo. NOTE 1 Evidence exists that extension of this method is possible for titanium contents down to 0,05 % (mass fraction). NOTE 2 Modifications in the general method allow the determination of titanium in alloys containing tungsten and/or tantalum.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the sulfur content in ferronickels in the range of 0,002 % to 0,12 %.
The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for
the determination of the sulfur content in ferronickels in the range of 0,002 % to 0,12 %.
The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment,
which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the sulfur content in ferronickels in the range of 0,002 % to 0,12 %. The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the carbon content in ferronickels in the range of 0,004 % to 2,5 %. The method is applicable to normal production operations. It uses commercially available equipment, which is calibrated using steel and/or ferronickel certified reference materials (CRMs).
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This document specifies the requirements relating to: Heat resisting nickel base alloy Ni-P96-HT Cold drawn and precipitation treated Wire D ≤ 10 mm for aerospace applications.
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This document specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of tantalum contents between 0,1 % and 5 % in nickel alloys.
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This document specifies the approach to be followed when developing procedures for the ultrasonic
testing of the following welds:
— welds in stainless steels;
— welds in nickel-based alloys;
— welds in duplex steels;
— dissimilar metal welds;
— austenitic welds.
The purposes of the testing can be very different, for example:
— for the assessment of quality level (manufacturing);
— for the detection of specific discontinuities induced in service.
Acceptance levels are not included in this document, but can be applied in accordance with the scope of
the testing (see 4.1).
The requirements of this document are applicable to both manual and mechanized testing.
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ISO 11437:2018 specifies an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of lead in the range of 1 µg/g to 10 µg/g in nickel alloys.
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ISO 7529:2017 specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of chromium content in nickel alloys which do not contain insoluble carbides and which have a vanadium content less than a mass fraction of 0,2 %. The method is applicable to chromium contents between a mass fraction of 5 % and a mass fraction of 22 %. Vanadium, which can be present as an impurity in the alloy, will give a positive bias interference. However, at a level of a mass fraction of 0,2 %, this bias is equivalent to a mass fraction of 0,068 % chromium, which is about half the reproducibility of the method.
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ISO 6283:2017 specifies the designation and chemical composition of grades of refined nickel.
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This European Standard is part of a series of standards, details of this series are given in prEN ISO 15607, annex A.
This standard specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This standard defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in clause 8.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with this standard. Additional tests may be required by application standards.
This standard applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with EN ISO 4063:
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
131 - metal inert gas welding, MIG welding;
135 - metal active gas welding, MAG welding;
136 - tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;
137 - tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield;
141 - tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this European Standard may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
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ISO 6372:2017 defines terms in the field of nickel and nickel alloys relating to - materials, - refinery products (i.e. refinery shapes and intermediate products of metallurgy), and - wrought products and castings.
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This part of ISO 7530 describes flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination
of cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, and manganese in nickel alloys which can be dissolved in the nitrichydrochloric
acids mixture specified.
For each element, the method is applicable to the content range between 0,01 % and 4 %.
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ISO/TS 18223:2015 describes an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of nickel content (mass fraction) between 20,0 % and 80,0 % in nickel alloys. Besides alloys where nickel is the main component regarding its content level, this method may also apply to alloys in which nickel has a content as high as several other elements (Fe, Cr, Co,?) and in which the "main element" cannot be specified.
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ISO 7530-1:2015 describes flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, and manganese in nickel alloys which can be dissolved in the nitric-hydrochloric acids mixture specified. For each element, the method is applicable to the content range between 0,01 % and 4 %.
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This European Standard specifies requirements for semi-finished products, bars and rods for fasteners with properties specified at elevated and/or low temperatures made of non-alloy and alloy (including stainless) steels and nickel alloys as given in Table 1. The requirements of this standard may be applied also to the finished fasteners. The general technical delivery conditions in EN 10021 also apply to products supplied in accordance with this European Standard.
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This European Standard specifies requirements for semi-finished products, bars and rods for fasteners with properties specified at elevated and/or low temperatures made of non-alloy and alloy (including stainless) steels and nickel alloys as given in Table 1.
The requirements of this standard may be applied also to the finished fasteners.
The general technical delivery conditions in EN 10021 also apply to products supplied in accordance with this European Standard.
NOTE Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 97/23/EC are satisfied, needs to be done.
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This part of ISO 15614 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests. This part of ISO 15614 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in Clause 8.
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This International Standard provides quality levels of imperfections in laser-arc hybrid welded joints for all types of steel, nickel and its alloys. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured.
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ISO 22033:2011 specifies an inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of niobium between 0,1 % and 10 % in nickel alloys.
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ISO 11435:2011 specifies an inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of molybdenum between 0,05 % and 20 % in nickel alloys.
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This International Standard specifies a titrimetric method after combustion for the determination of the Sulfur content of nicke1 and ferronickel in the range 0,001 to 0,3 % (mlm), and of nicke1 alloys in the range 0,002 to 0,l % (mlm). Examples of compositions are given in the annex.
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1.1 This European Standard covers the grades of wrought steels and alloys listed in Tables 1 and 2 which are usually employed for components and equipment, for which the main requirement is their creep resistance under mechanical long-time stressing at temperatures above 500 °C.
Also heat resisting grades given in EN 10095 may be used for similar applications if so agreed.
1.2 This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip, hot or cold formed (cold drawn) bars, rods, wire and sections.
1.3 The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021 apply in addition to the specifications of this European Standard, unless otherwise specified in this European Standard.
1.4 This European Standard does not apply to components manufactured by further processing the product forms listed in 1.2 with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.
1.5 This European Standard is not intended for aerospace and pressure purposes.
1.6 For steels and alloys with similar chemical composition, but intended for different applications, see the Bibliography.
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This document applies to welding consumables for which supplementary qualification is required. It contains the technical requirements to be fulfilled.
These supplementary tests apply for welding consumables, where the primary qualification is available in accordance with EN 14532-1. The supplementary tests can be carried out at any time without the need to repeat the primary tests.
This document describes the testing methods, the amount of testing and the requirements for supplementary qualification of welding consumables.
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This document describes the basic verification tests, the testing methods, the amount of testing and the requirements for the qualification of welding consumables for steel, nickel and nickel alloys intended for all fields of application.
This document describes a wide range of tests, which are appropriate for the majority of applications. When supplementary tests are required (see EN 14532-2), these can be carried out at any time without the need to repeat the primary tests.
NOTE Additional information is given in Annex O.
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TC - Table 2, one value for an upper limit different from E and F
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TC - Table 2, one value for an upper limit different from E and F
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Specifies requirements and conditions of delivery for metal chrome usually supplied for alloying special steels and alloys.
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1.1 This European standard covers the grades of wrought steels and nickel alloys listed in tables 1 to 3 which are usually employed for products, for which the main requirement is their resistance to the effects of hot gases and products of combustion at temperatures above 550° C. 1.2 This EN 10095 specifies the technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip, hot or cold formed bars, rods and sections of heat resisting steels and nickel alloys.
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This standard specifies essential requirements, ranges of approval, test conditions, acceptance requirements and certification for the approval testing of welder performance for the welding of copper. This standard applies to the approval testing of welders for the fusion welding of copper. This standard is intended to provide the basics for the mutual recognition by examining bodies for approval relating to welders' competence in the various fields of application. Tests will be carried out in accordance with this standard unless more severe tests are specified by the relevant application standard when these are applied. During the approval test the welder should be required to show adequate practical experience and job knowledge (test non mandatory) of the welding processes, materials and safety requirements for which he is to be approved; information on these aspects is given in Annex A. This standard is applicable when the welder's approval testing is required by the purchaser, by inspection authorities or by other organizations. The welding processes referred to in this standard include those fusion welding proceses which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automatic processes (see 5.2). This standard covers approval testing of welders for work on semi-finished and finished products made from wrought, forged or cast material types listed in 5.4. The certificate of approval testing is issued under the sole responsibility of the examiner or examining body.
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1.1 This European standard covers the grades of wrought steels and nickel alloys listed in tables 1 to 3 which are usually employed for products, for which the main requirement is their resistance to the effects of hot gases and products of combustion at temperatures above 550° C. 1.2 This EN 10095 specifies the technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip, hot or cold formed bars, rods and sections of heat resisting steels and nickel alloys.
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Applies to the determination of the given elements of high purity, refined, wrought and cast nickel within the ranges specifies in table 1. This method is applicable to the indipendent determination of any one or more of the elements listed. Annex A gives an alternative method for preparation of nickel nitrate solution for electrothermal atomic analysis, and annex B contains a statistical report of interlaboratory tests.
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The principle of the method specified is dissolving a test portion in acid, aspiring the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, measuring the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of vanadium and comparison with that of calibration solutions at a wavelength of 318,4 nm. The method may be used to determine vanadium contents in the range of 0,05 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m).
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Silicon content can be determined in the range of 0,2 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m). The principle is dissolution of a test portion in acid, filtration and aspiration of the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, combustion of the filter, volatilization of silica, fusion of the residue, dissolution of the melt in dilute acid, aspiration of this second solution into another such flame, measurement of the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of aluminium and comparison with that of calibration solutions at 309,3 nm.
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Silicon content can be determined in the range of 0,2 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m). The principle is dissolution of a test portion in acid, aspiration of the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, measurement of the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of silicon and comparison with that of calibration solutions at 251,6 nm.
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Applies to refined, wrought and cast nickel within the ranges specified in table 1. The method is applicable to the independent determination of any one or more of the elements listed. The lower level for iron can be extended to less than 0,0025 % (m/m) provided a special standard solution is prepared. The upper limit for the determination of cobalt and copper can be raised to 2 % (m/m) by a minor modification to the method. For potential interferences, see clause 10.
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The principle of the method specified is dissolving a test portion in acid, aspiring the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, measuring the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of vanadium and comparison with that of calibration solutions at a wavelength of 318,4 nm. The method may be used to determine vanadium contents in the range of 0,05 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m).
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The principle of the method specified is dissolving a test portion in hydrochloric and nitric acids, decomposing resistant boron compounds (e.g. boron nitrides) by fuming the sample solution with phosphoric and sulfuric acids at not less than 290 °C, forming the boron curcumin complex in a buffered acetic acid and sulfuric acid medium, and measuring the absorbance of the test solution in a molecular absorption spectrometer at 543 nm. Applies to nickel and nickel alloys having a total boron content in the range of 4 g/t to 240 g/t.
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Silicon content can be determined in the range of 0,2 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m). The principle is dissolution of a test portion in acid, filtration and aspiration of the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, combustion of the filter, volatilization of silica, fusion of the residue, dissolution of the melt in dilute acid, aspiration of this second solution into another such flame, measurement of the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of aluminium and comparison with that of calibration solutions at 309,3 nm.
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Silicon content can be determined in the range of 0,2 % (m/m) to 1 % (m/m). The principle is dissolution of a test portion in acid, aspiration of the test solution into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer, measurement of the absorbance of the resonance line energy from the spectrum of silicon and comparison with that of calibration solutions at 251,6 nm.
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Phosphorus content can be determined in the range of 0,001 % (m/m) to 0,025 % (m/m). Cr(III) and silica cause interference which is eliminated. The principle is dissolution of a test portion in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, fuming with sulfuric acid, oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), precipitation of Fe(III) phosphate and redissolution of the precipitate, addition of boric, tartaric and sulfamic acids, formation and extraction of molybdophosphoric acid, reduction of the heteropoly acid to molybdenum blue and back-extraction into an aqueous phase, measurement of the absorbance of the aqueous solution at 700 nm.
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