77.140.60 - Steel bars and rods
ICS 77.140.60 Details
Steel bars and rods
Stahlstabe und -stangen
Barres et ronds en acier
Jeklene palice in drogovi
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.140.60 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Steel bars and rods". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 434 standards classified under ICS 77.140.60 (Steel bars and rods). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy bars and sections. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel 31NiMoCr10-5-3
1 230 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 420 MPa
Bars
De ≤ 40 mm
for aerospace applications.
ASD-STAN designation: FE-PL73.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel 36NiCrMo16 (1.6773)
1 250 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 400 MPa
Bars
De ≤ 75 mm
for aerospace applications.
W.nr: 1.6773.
ASD-STAN designation: FE-PL2108.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X15CrNi17-3 (1.4057)
Air melted
Hardened and tempered
Bars for machining
De ≤ 200 mm
900 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 100 MPa
for aerospace applications.
NOTE ASD-STAN designation: FE-PM3901
Material number: 1.4057
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541)
Air melted
Softened
Bars for machining
a or D ≤ 250 mm
500 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 700 MPa
for aerospace applications.
W.nr: 1.4541.
ASD-STAN designation: FE-PA3601.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright steel products in the drawn, peeled/turned or additional ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts. The bright steel products are subdivided into the following steel types:
a) non-alloy general engineering steels;
b) non-alloy free-cutting steels;
c) non-alloy and alloy case-hardening steels;
d) non-alloy and alloy steels for quenching and tempering.
Bright products of stainless steels are not part of this document, they are covered by ISO 16143-4.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright steel products in the drawn, peeled/turned or additional ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts. The bright steel products are subdivided into the following steel types:
a) non-alloy general engineering steels;
b) non-alloy free-cutting steels;
c) non-alloy and alloy case-hardening steels;
d) non-alloy and alloy steels for quenching and tempering.
Bright products of stainless steels are not part of this document, they are covered by ISO 16143-4.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X5CrNiCu15-5 (1.4545)
Consumable electrode remelted
Solution treated and precipitation treated
Bars for machining
a or D ≤ 200 mm
Rm ≥ 1 310 MPa
for aerospace applications.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for hot-finished and cold-finished rounds, squares, hexagons, octagons, and rectangles made from iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys (UNS N08366 and UNS N08367). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be tested accordingly. Each specimen shall be subjected to chemical analysis and tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy (UNS N08367)2 in the form of hot-finished and cold-finished rounds, squares, hexagons, octagons, and rectangles.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the qualification requirements for structural steel H-piles and sheet piling with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by electrostatic spraying, flocking, or fluidized bed processing. Surface preparation techniques shall be performed by abrasive blast cleaning, grinding and chemical washing prior to coating application. The powder coating shall be heat treated and cured before visible oxidation occurs. Coating materials shall undergo thickness measurements and bend testing, and shall conform to the requirements for film thickness, flexibility and continuity, impact resistance, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance. The coated H-piles or sheet piling shall be stored off of the ground on supports. While handling equipment, bundling bands for packaging and tie-down bands for shipping shall have padded contact areas so as to avoid damage and excessive deflection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural steel H-piles and sheet piling with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray, flocking, or fluidized bed process.
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.
1.2 Requirements for coatings are contained in Annex A1.
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A950) or SI units (as Specification A950M). The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the general requirements that apply to rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling. The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace followed by additional refining in a ladle metallurgy furnace, or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting or electrostag remelting. The steel products shall undergo heat treatment, structural conditioning, and strand casting in stationary molds. Tension testing and chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the required metallurgical structure and composition specifications of the products. Final products shall be legibly marked, bundled, and tagged with the applicable designation, grade, heat number, size and thickness, and name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer for identification and shipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This general requirements specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, apply to rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:
ASTM
Designation3
Title of Specification
A36/A36M
Carbon Structural Steel
A131/A131M
Structural Steel for Ships
A242/A242M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A283/A283M
Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A328/A328M
Steel Sheet Piling
A514/A514M
High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding
A529/A529M
High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality
A572/A572M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
A573/A573M
Structural Carbon Steel Plates
A588/A588M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A633/A633M
Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
A656/A656M
Hot-Rolled Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved Formability
A690/A690M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Nickel, Copper, Phosphorus Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance for Use in Marine Environments
A709/A709M
Structural Steel for Bridges
A710/A710M
Precipitation–Strengthened Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Structural Steel Plates
A769/A769M
Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Forge-Welded Steel Structural Shapes
A786/A786M
Hot-Rolled Carbon, Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steel Floor Plates
A827/A827M
Plates, Carbon Steel, for Forging and Similar Applications
A829/A829M
Alloy Structural Steel Plates
A830/A830M
Plates, Carbon Steel, Structural Quality, Furnished to Chemical Composition Requirements
A857/A857M
Steel Sheet Piling, Cold Formed, Light Gage
A871/A871M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate With Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A913/A913M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST)
A945/A945M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for Improved Weldability, Formability, and Toughness
A950/A950M
Fusion-Bonded Epoxy-Coated Structural Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling
A992/A992M
Structural Steel Shapes
A1043/A1043M
Structural Steel with Low Yield to Tensile Ratio for Use in Buildings
A1066/A1066M
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP)
A1077/A1077M
Structural Steel with improved Yield Strength at High Temperature for Use in Buildings
1.2 Annex A1 lists permitted variations in dimensions and mass (Note 1) in SI units...
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars for heat treatment, machining into components, or for as-finished condition as shafting or in constructional applications. The steel materials shall be cold drawn, turned, ground, polished, hot wrought, cold rolled, and heat treated. The steel specimens shall undergo chemical analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars produced in straight length and coil. Cold-finished bars are suitable for heat treatment, for machining into components, or for use in the as-finished condition as shafting, or in constructional applications, or for other similar purposes (Note 1). Grades of steel are identified by grade numbers or by chemical composition.
Note 1: A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice A400.
1.2 Some end uses may require one or more of the available designations shown under Supplementary Requirements. Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: Condition A in which the bars are annealed, Condition H in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relative temperature, Condition T in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relatively high temperature, Condition S in which the bars are strain hardened or relatively light cold worked, and Condition B in which the bars are relatively severe cold worked. The material shall be subjected to a mechanical test to determine its tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging (Note 1). It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The free-machining types (Note 2) for general corrosion resistance and high-temperature service are covered in a separate specification.
Note 1: For bars for reforging, see Specification A314.
Note 2: For free-machining stainless bars designed especially for optimum machinability, see Specification A582/A582M.
Note 3: There are standards covering high nickel, chromium, austenitic corrosion, and heat-resisting alloy materials. These standards are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee B02.07 and may be found in Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 02.04.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document applies to bright steel products in the drawn, turned or ground condition delivered in straight lengths. This document is mainly applied to stainless steels of EN 10088-3 and other product standards, e.g. tool steels, roller bearing steels.
This document can also be used for cold heading steels in the form of bars and wire; in case of wire, the thickness and tolerances apply but not the length and the straightness.
The non-alloy and alloy steels of EN 10277 are no longer included.
This document does not cover cold rolled products and cut lengths produced from strip or sheet by cutting.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers laser-fused stainless steel bars, plates, and shapes of structural quality for use in bolted or welded structural applications. The butt-welded test pieces are welded using laser fusion and then machined into tensile test bars and root-bend test specimens. The term laser fusion is used in this specification to refer to a joining process that is able to produce a coalescence of material using the heat obtained from the application of a concentrated coherent light beam impinging on the surface of a weld joint.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers laser and laser hybrid welded stainless steel bars, plates, sharp-cornered profile (SCP), and built-up shapes of structural quality for use in bolted or welded structural applications. SCP and built-up shapes are used in, but not limited to, the following applications: industrial and general structural applications like buildings, including architecturally exposed steel structures (AESS); architectural steel profiles, such as curtain wall and staircases.
Note 1: The term laser fusion is also used to describe laser welding.
1.1.1 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.
Note 2: Since the product covered by this specification is manufactured in small lots on dedicated production lines, minimum product quality requirements are ensured by requiring welding process specification and operator qualification at each manufacturing facility in accordance with AWS, ASME, or ISO requirements. If required, the purchaser can specify higher levels of weld inspection; supplementary requirements for mechanical and corrosion testing; and other requirements.
Note 3: Because of the varying requirements of the end-use applications, different length tolerance and weld inspection levels may be specified.
1.2 Shapes covered in this specification include those defined in Article 3.1.2 of Specification A6/A6M, square and rectangular hollow sections, and additional shapes, including customized, that are made from two or more shapes, plates, bar, sheet, or strip.
1.3 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for manufacturing of laser and laser hybrid welded stainless steel shapes and requires the welds to, at a minimum, match the tensile and yield strength of the base metal. If base metals of different strengths are used, the lower strength base metal shall be matched.
1.4 This specification refers to Specifications A240/A240M, A276/A276M, or A479/A479M for chemical requirements, but the mechanical test requirements are determined by the mechanical properties section of this standard. This standard includes four strength grades. The default strength grade 1 is determined by the base metal standard. Grades 2 through 4 are for specification of higher strength levels.
1.5 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.
1.6 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use....
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This document applies to bright steel products in the drawn, turned or ground condition delivered in straight lengths. This document is mainly applied to stainless steels of EN 10088-3 and other product standards, e.g. tool steels, roller bearing steels.
This document can also be used for cold heading steels in the form of bars and wire; in case of wire, the thickness and tolerances apply but not the length and the straightness.
The non-alloy and alloy steels of EN 10277 are no longer included.
This document does not cover cold rolled products and cut lengths produced from strip or sheet by cutting.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars for forging. The steel materials shall be annealed and conditioned by chipping or grinding. The steel specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen, and other elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars intended only for forging.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications. The bars shall be available in round, square and hexagonal shapes. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. The specimens shall undergo a tension test to determine tensile strength, yield point and elongation. The merchant quality bars shall be from visible pipe; however, they may contain pronounced chemical segregation. Internal porosity, surface seams, and other surface irregularities may be present in this quality. The bars shall also be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast cleaned, or oiled.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications (see 8.2).
1.2 Merchant quality hot-wrought steel bar is available in the following ranges of size and section:
1.2.1 Rounds, squares, and hexagons with diameters or distance across flats under 3 in. [75 mm].
1.2.2 Bar size shapes with maximum dimensions under 3 in. [75 mm].
1.2.3 Other bar sections with weight per foot under 40.84 lb/ft [60.78 kg/m].
1.2.4 Flats 6 in. [152 mm] or under in width, over 0.203 in. [over 5 mm in thickness up to 150 mm in width] in thickness, and under 40.84 lb/ft or 12 in.2 [77.4 cm2] in cross-sectional area.
1.2.5 Flats over 6 in. to 8 in., inclusive in width, 0.230 in. and over [over 6 mm in thickness and over 50 mm through 200 mm in width] in thickness and under 40.84 lb/ft [60.78 kg/m] or 12 in.2 [77.4 cm2] in cross-sectional area.
1.2.6 Hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are hot wrought in straight lengths only.
1.3 Some applications may require one or more of the available designations shown under supplementary requirements.
Note 1: Special quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are covered in Specification A675/A675M.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in 5.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in 5.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the strength level desired can be based on hardness or the equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 5.1.3 for material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
4.2 The user, after determining the mechanical property requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest stress) of the part, should select the composition or compositions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is most suitable for processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part to be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in Section 6.
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables 1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described in Section 5) are as follows:
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechanical properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the quenching bath.
FIG. 1 Locations in Typical Cross Sections of Steel Bars at Which Desired Properties Are Obtained
1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 7.2.
1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanical property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are often satisfactory through the use of special processing techniques.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars. Special quality bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, and many structural uses. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace. The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars. Special quality bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, and many structural uses. A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice A400.
1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified in Table 1. Sections and sizes of bar steel available are covered in Specification A29/A29M. Hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars are produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufacturer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils, produced to a chemical composition.
Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon SteelE, G, H
Designation
Grade
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Lead
G12110
1211
0.13 max
0.60–0.90
0.07–0.12
0.10–0.15
...
G12120
1212
0.13 max
0.70–1.00
0.07–0.12
0.16–0.23
...
G12130
1213
0.13 max
0.70–1.00
0.07–0.12
0.24–0.33
...
G12150
1215
0.09 max
0.75–1.05
0.04–0.09
0.26–0.35
...
...
12L14
0.15 max
0.85–1.15
0.04–0.09
0.26–0.35
0.15–0.35
1.3 Merchant quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars are covered in Specification A575.
1.4 Some end uses may require superior surface quality, or special chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics, heat treatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may obtain by designating one or more of the available Supplementary Requirements.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X5CrNiCu15-5 (1.4545)
Consumable electrode remelted (ESR or VAR)
Solution treated and precipitation treated (H1025)
Bars for machining
a or D ≤ 250 mm
1 070 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 200 MPa
Premium quality (pq)
for aerospace applications.
NOTE Other designation: The ASD-STAN designation of this material is FE-PM1802.
Only the chemical composition of this document are to be considered.
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ABSTRACT
This guide covers a group of requirements for carbon and alloy steel bars under each of the following specifications: hot-rolled carbon steel bars, cold-finished carbon steel bars, hot-rolled alloy steel bars, and cold-finished alloy steel bars. Heat and product analysis shall be performed on several grades of carbon steel bars, wherein the material shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Several grades of alloy steel bars shall also undergo heat and product analysis and shall meet the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. When compositions other than those indicated in the specified chemical components are required, the composition limits shall be prepared using the specified ranges and limits for carbon steel and alloy steel. The material shall undergo grain size test and shall conform to the specified grain size requirement. Mechanical tests shall also be performed on the steel test specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements which, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to carbon and alloy steel bars under each of the following ASTM specifications (or under any other ASTM specification which invokes this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specification
ASTM
DesignationA
Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Bars:
Steel Bars, Carbon, Quenched and Tempered
A321
Steel Bars and Shapes, Carbon Rolled from “T'' Rails
A499
Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades
A575
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality
A576
Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, Mechanical Properties
A663/A663M
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A675/A675M
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs
A689
Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars:
Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A108
Cold-Drawn Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
A311/A311M
Hot-Rolled Alloy Steel Bars:
Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
A322
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
A304
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Quenched and Tempered
A434/A434M
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or Both
A739
Cold-Finished Alloy Steel Bars:
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Rolled or Cold-Finished, Quenched and Tempered
A434/A434M
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Components
A696
A These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications, which appear either in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05, or as reprints obtainable from ASTM.
1.2 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the purchase order, the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance to this specification and the various material specifications referenced in 1.1, dimensional values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
Note 1: Specification A29/A29M previously listed dimensional tolerances for cold-finished bars; these are now found in Spe...
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments. Two grades of iron base alloy are covered; Grade 660 and Grade 662 (bars and forgings). The material shall meet the requirements as to stress rupture properties specified. The material shall conform to the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments.
1.2 Two grades of iron base alloy are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and elevated temperature characteristics.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers UNS R60001, R60802, R60804, and R60901 wrought zirconium and zirconium alloy bars, rods, and wires. All material grades covered should conform to the required chemical composition requirements. Elements that are intentionally added to the melt should be identified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis. The zirconium and zirconium alloys should be made from ingots produced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, a combination of the three methods, or other melting processes conventionally used for reactive metals. All processes should be performed in furnaces specifically for reactive metals. Mill products included in this specification should be formed with conventional extrusion, forging, or rolling equipment that is used in primary ferrous and nonferrous plants. The cold worked and annealed materials should be in fully annealed condition unless otherwise specified. Hot worked shapes should be furnished in not descaled, mechanically descaled, or mechanically descaled and pickled finish, while cold-worked shapes should be furnished in cold-worked, ground, or pickled finish.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of wrought zirconium and zirconium alloy bars, rod, and wire as follows:
1.1.1 R60001—Unalloyed grade,
1.1.2 R60802—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 2),
1.1.3 R60804—Zirconium-Tin alloy (Zircaloy 4), and
1.1.4 R60901—Zirconium-Niobium alloy.
1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X3CrNiMoAl (13-8-2)
Vacuum induction melted and consumable electrode remelted
Solution treated and precipitation treated
Bars for machining
a or D ≤ 200 mm
1 200 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 350 MPa
for aerospace applications.
Material no (W.L): 1.4534.
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This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Heat-resisting alloy NI-PH1301 (NiCr19Co18Mo4Ti3Al3)
Solution treated and precipitation treated
Bars and sections
De ≤ 200 mm
for aerospace applications.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X4CrNiMo16-5-1 (1.4418)
Air melted
Hardened and tempered
Bars
De ≤ 200 mm
1 150 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 300 MPa
for aerospace applications.
NOTE Other common designations:
- AIR: Z 8 CND 17-04.
- Only the chemical composition according to this document is considered.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars, except bars for forging, suitable for machining processes. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons in the more commonly used types of stainless free-machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high-temperature service. Bars may be furnished either hot finished or cold finished in one of the conditions specified. Materials shall adhere to specified chemical composition requirements. At least one hardness testing shall be made midway between surface and center on each lot to determine that the material conforms to hardness requirements. Also, test methods and definition for hardness testing are presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars, except bars for forging (Note 1), suitable for machining processes. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons in the more commonly used types of stainless free-machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high-temperature service. Stainless steel bars other than the free-machining types are covered in a separate specification (Note 2).
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard: within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in [brackets]. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
Note 1: For bars for reforging, see Specification A314.
Note 2: For non-free machining stainless bars, see Specification A276.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-wrought and cold-finished special quality carbon steel bars, in straight lengths only, subject to mechanical property requirements and intended for use in manufacturing components for pressure piping and other pressure-containing applications. The steel bars are furnished in Grade B and Grade C and shall be made by melting, deoxidation, hot and cold working, heat treatment, and shall have special quality. Heat and product analyses shall be performed on the material and the chemical composition shall conform to the values required in carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and lead. The carbon steel shall undergo tensile testing and conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot-wrought and cold-finished special quality carbon steel bars, in straight lengths only, subject to mechanical property requirements and intended for use in manufacturing components for pressure piping and other pressure-containing applications.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard specification for alloy steel bars, suitable for surface hardening by nitriding, designated as Classes A, B, C, and D. Class A and Class D bars are general-purpose bars; Class B bars are free-machining bars; Class C bars contain nickel and are characterized by higher core strength. All classes shall be furnished in the hot-rolled, quenched, and tempered condition. The steel shall be made by the electric-furnace process only. The microstructure resulting from heat treatment shall not show free ferrite in amounts exceeding the prescribed values. The maximum depth of total and partial decarburization of hot-rolled bars and heat-treated bars shall not exceed the amounts prescribed. Heat or cast analysis shall be performed on four classes of steel, wherein the material shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, aluminum, molybdenum, selenium, and nickel. After quenching and tempering, the steel shall conform to one of the specified hardness ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bars, suitable for surface hardening by nitriding, designated as Classes A, B, C, and D. Class A and Class D bars are general-purpose bars; Class B bars are free-machining bars; Class C bars contain 3.50 % nickel and are characterized by higher core strength. All classes are normally furnished in the hot-rolled, quenched, and tempered condition. However, centerless-ground or turned bars, in any of the classes, may be specified by the purchaser. Also, as-rolled, annealed, or unannealed bars suitable for forging may be purchased to this specification. When as-rolled, annealed, or unannealed bars are furnished, Sections 6, 10, and 11 are not applicable.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Macroetch testing, as described herein, is a method for examining and rating transverse sections of bars and billets to describe certain conditions of macro segregation which are often characteristic of consumable electrode remelted materials.
4.2 This practice is not intended to define major defects such as those described by Method E381.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers testing and inspection and is applicable to bars, billets, and blooms of carbon, alloy, and stainless steel which have been consumable electrode remelted.
1.2 For the purpose of this practice, the consumable electrode remelting process is defined as a steel refining method wherein single or multiple electrodes are remelted into a crucible producing an ingot which is superior to the original electrode by virtue of improved cleanliness or lower gas content or reduced chemical or nonmetallic segregation. See Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for descriptions of applicable remelting processes.
1.3 This practice and the accompanying comparison macrographs3 are generally applicable to steel bar and billet sizes up to 225 in.2 [1450 cm2] in transverse cross section.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers for carbon steel crane rails of special designs only, and nominal weights for crane runway use. Manufacturing practice shall follow strict procedures for melting, discard, control cooling, end hardening, high strength rails, chamfering, and ends prepared for electric arc welding. The material shall undergo heat or cast analysis and product analysis shall be within the specified limits on chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of this specification shall be rejected and be reported to the manufacturer or supplier promptly in writing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel crane rails of special designs only, and nominal weights of 104 lb/yd (51.6 kg/m) through 175 lb/yd (86.8 kg/m) for crane runway use.
1.2 When standard tee rail sections are desired, they shall be ordered in accordance with Specification A1.
1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S3 of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X12CrNiMoV12-3 (1.4938)
Air melted and consumable electrode remelted
Hardened and tempered
Bars
De ≤ 150 mm
900 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 100 MPa
for aerospace applications.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and jobsite requirements for deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating. The fabrication of steel reinforcing bars after coating shall meet the requirements prescribed. The storage, handling and placement at the jobsite of epoxy-coated steel reinforcing bars shall meet the requirements prescribed. The repair method of damage incurred during fabrication and incurred during shipment and handling at the job sites shall meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and jobsite requirements for deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied in accordance with Specification A775/A775M.
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (as Specification D3963M) or inch-pound units (as Specification D3963).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for carbon steel bars and shapes rolled from standard rail steel. The material shall be hot wrought from section “T” rails and shall be produced by hot forming slit railroad rail parts to yield straight lengths. One tension test and one hardness test shall be performed from each lot to determine the mechanical properties and shall conform to the requirement in tensile strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Rockwell B hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel bars and shapes produced from standard rail steel. These bars are furnished in the as-wrought condition intended for structural use, or bar and shape uses, where high tensile properties are applicable. These materials are available in four strength levels as Grade 50, Grade 60, Grade 70, and Grade 80.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-drawn, stress-relieved carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements. The bars are furnished in two classes, A and B. Class A are normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats. Class B are heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The cast or heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified. Tension test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers M-grade hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars produced to a chemical composition. Merchant quality bars are used for structural and similar miscellaneous bar applications involving moderate cold bending, moderate hot forming, punching, and welding as used in the production of noncritical parts. Moderate cold bending involves generous bend radius with the axis of the bend transverse to the direction of rolling. Heat analysis shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars produced to a chemical composition. Merchant quality bars are used for structural and similar miscellaneous bar applications involving moderate cold bending, moderate hot forming, punching, and welding as used in the production of noncritical parts. Moderate cold bending involves a generous bend radius with the axis of the bend transverse to the direction of rolling.
1.2 Special quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars are covered in Specification A576.
1.3 Some end uses may require one or more of the available designations shown under Supplementary Requirements.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel bars subject to end-quench hardenability requirements. The methods for estimating the hardness value of the material are presented. Method A is the minimum and maximum hardness values at any desired distance, Method B is the minimum and maximum distances at which any desired hardness value occurs, Method C is the two maximum hardness values at two desired distances, Method D is the two minimum hardness values at two desired distances, and Method E is any minimum hardness plus any maximum hardness. The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition. The fine austenitic grain size requirements of the steel material are presented in details. The end-quench hardenability shall conform to the requirements specified on the purchase order. The test specimen requirements indicates that, the number and location of test specimens shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standard practice and shall adequately represent the hardenability of each heat, also, all forged or rolled hardenability test specimens must be normalized prior to testing. The grain size and end-quench hardenability test methods are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-worked alloy, carbon, and carbon-boron steels in a variety of compositions and sizes, which may attain specified depth of hardening in the end quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the suffix letter “H” added to the conventional grade number.
1.2 This specification provides for analyses other than those listed under Tables 1 and 2. Special hardenability limits are also permissible when approved by the purchaser and manufacturer.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification48 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain austenitic and duplex (austenitic/duplex) stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement proposed to be used in applications requiring corrosion resistance, controlled tensile properties or controlled magnetic permeability. For each specimen, one tension test, one bend test, if required, and one set of dimensional property tests shall be made. If the results of the test fail to meet the specified minimum requirements, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens for each original tension specimen failure from the lot. If a specimen fails a bend test due to reasons other than mechanical or flaws, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils used in applications requiring resistance to corrosion, restrictive mechanical properties, or controlled magnetic permeability. This specification has a minimum actual tensile strength to actual yield strength ratio (Table 3). The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their numerical designation shall be those listed in Table 1.
1.1.1 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where a controlled magnetic permeability product is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S1 applies only when specified in the purchase order.
1.1.2 A supplementary controlled mechanical properties requirement (S2) is provided for use where a restricted yield strength range and a higher actual tensile to actual yield strength ratio is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S2 applies only when specified in the purchase order.
1.2 The chemical composition of the stainless steel alloy shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. This is an important consideration in achieving the desired corrosion resistance or controlled magnetic permeability, or both, because these properties are not provided by all stainless steels.
1.3 Corrosion Resistance requirements are contained in Section 11 and Annex A1 and the test procedures options are Annex A2 (Rapid Macrocell Test) or Annex A3 (Cracked Beam Test).
1.4 The requirements for introduction of new alloys into a mandatory chemical composition requirements table in this specification are given in Annex A5.
1.5 Requirements for the relative deformation area of three-sided deformed bars are contained in Annex A4.
1.6 Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels, namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 75 000 psi [520 MPa], and 80 000 psi [550 MPa], designated as Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], or Grade 80 [550], respectively.
1.7 Plain bars in sizes up to and including 2 in. [50.8 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths are furnished in accordance with this specification in Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], and Grade 80 [550], respectively. Mechanical testing, when required, shall be to the nearest nominal deformed bar size. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable to plain bars.
1.8 When stainless steel is to be welded, use a procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service.
Note 1: Welding of stainless steel reinforcement would occur after shipment from the manufacturer. Structural welding should be performed in accordance with the latest edition of AWS D1.6/D1.6M, any other internationally accepted stainless steel welding code, or a procedure suggested by the material manufacturer. AWS D1.6/D1.6M describes the proper selection of the filler metals, temperature control, as well as, performance, procedure qualification and inspection requirements.
1.9 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A955) or in SI units (as Specification A955M).
1.10 The text of this specification references notes and ...
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers macroetch testing used for evaluating the quality of tool steel bars. This test shall be used as a quality control and inspection test to reveal by deep acid etching, the macrostructure in specimens cut from bars and to show the presence, absence, and severity of the following internal, surface, or subsurface conditions: pipe, bursts, carbide or alloy segregation, nonmetallic inclusion concentrations, porosity, cracks or thermal flakes, seams, laps, ingot corner segregation, pinholes, foreign material, and ingot pattern. Macroetching may be performed in a vessel of borosilicate glass, porcelain, corrosion-resistant metals, or some other acid resisting material. The etching reagent, specimen sampling, specimen preparation, and testing procedure including etching temperature, etching time, and macroetching technique are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice for macroetch testing has been found to be a useful and reliable method for evaluating the quality of tool steel bars. It is used as a quality control and inspection test to reveal by deep acid etching the macrostructure in specimens cut from bars and to show the presence of such conditions as pipe, cracks, porosity, segregation, or foreign material. The etched surface is generally examined visually, but magnification up to about 10× is occasionally employed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel X5CrNoMoCuNb14-5 (1.4594)
930 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 1 080 MPa
Bars
De ≤ 150 mm
for aerospace applications.
ASD-STAN designation: FE-PM66.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-worked alloy and carbon-boron steels designed to attain restricted depth of hardening in the end-quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the suffix letter “RH” added to the conventional grade number. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or ladle refining and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. Immediately after hot working, the bars shall be allowed to cool when necessary to a temperature below the critical range under suitable conditions, to prevent injury by too rapid cooling. The steel shall have an austenitic grain size of five to eight. The grain structure shall be considered satisfactory when a minimum of 70% of the rated grains are within the specified size limits. Hardenability values specified are based on fine-grain steels and are not applicable to coarse-grain steel. All forged and rolled hardenability test specimens must be normalized prior to testing. Cast specimens need not be normalized.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-worked alloy and carbon-boron steels designed to attain restricted depth of hardening in the end-quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the suffix letter “RH” added to the conventional grade number.
1.2 In general, steels with restricted hardenability (RH steels) will exhibit a hardness range not greater than 5 HRC at the initial position on the end-quench hardenability bar and not greater than 65 % of the hardness range for standard H-band steels (Specification A304) in the inflection region. Generally the restricted hardenability band follows the middle of the corresponding standard H-band. An example of the RH band compared with the H band is given for Grade 4140 in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Comparison of H-Band and RH-Band for 4140 SteelA
1.2.1 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, the material will be supplied to inch-pound units unless the purchase order specifies the “M” specification designation.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for general constructional applications. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein the material shall conform to the required chemical composition for phosphorus, sulfur, copper, and lead. The steel shall meet the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. The test specimen shall undergo mechanical tests such as tension test and bend test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for general constructional applications.
1.2 The bars are available in nine strength grades designated 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 90 [310, 345, 380, 415, 450, 485, 515, 550, and 620] corresponding to the minimum ultimate tensile strength in ksi [MPa]. The chemical composition is selected by the manufacturer to develop the required mechanical properties.
1.3 Hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are hot wrought in straight lengths only. Sections and sizes available are covered in Specification A29/A29M.
1.4 Some applications may require one or more of the available designations shown under Supplementary Requirements.
Note 1: Merchant-quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are covered in Specification A663/A663M.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers bars and shapes of age-hardening stainless steels. Hot-finished or cold-finished rounds, squares, hexagons, bar shapes, angles, tees, and channels are included. These shapes may be produced by hot rolling, extruding, or forging. Type 631 and 632 stainless steels contain a large amount of ferrite in the microstructure and can have low ductility in forgings and large diameter bars. Material of types other than XM-16, XM-25, and Type 630 shall be furnished in the solution-annealed condition, or in the equalized and oven-tempered condition. Types 630, XM-16, and XM-25 may be furnished in the solution-annealed or age-hardened condition. Type UNS S46910 shall be furnished in solution annealed, cold-worked or aged-hardened condition. Shapes may be subjected to either Class A or Class C preparation for removal of visible surface imperfections. The material shall be subjected to tension, impact, and hardness tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers bars and shapes of age-hardening stainless steels. Hot-finished or cold-finished rounds, squares, hexagons, bar shapes, angles, tees, and channels are included; these shapes may be produced by hot rolling, extruding, or forging. Billets or bars for reforging may be purchased to this specification.
1.2 These steels are generally used for parts requiring corrosion resistance and high strength at room temperature, or at temperatures up to 600 °F [315 °C]; 700 °F [370 °C] for Type 632; 840 °F [450 °C] for Type UNS S46910. They are suitable for machining in the solution-annealed condition after which they may be age-hardened to the mechanical properties specified in Section 7 without danger of cracking or distortion. Type XM-25 is machinable in the as-received fully heat treated condition. Type UNS S46910 is suitable for machining in the solution-annealed, cold-worked, and aged-hardened condition.
1.3 Types 631 and 632 contain a large amount of ferrite in the microstructure and can have low ductility in forgings and larger diameter bars. Applications should be limited to small diameter bar.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standards; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in [brackets]. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
Note 1: For forgings, see Specification A705/A705M.
Note 2: For billets and bars for forging see Specification A314.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot-rolled steel flat bars and steel wide flats for general purposes.
This document is not applicable to spring leaves, see EN 10092-1.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for rods of copper-zinc-silicon alloy with Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C69300, C69400, C69430, C69700, and C69710. The materials for manufacture shall be cast billets, logs, or rods of such purity and soundness as to be suitable for processing by cold working, annealing, straightening, and cutting to length as may be necessary to produce finished products that meet the properties specified. Tempers available under this specification are H02 (half hard) for UNS No. C69300, and H04 (hard) for all other UNS Nos. Products shall be tested (including by residual stress test and ammonia vapor test) and shall adhere to dimensional (diameter, length, straightness, and edge contour), mechanical (tensile and yield strength, and elongation), and chemical composition requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for copper-zinc-silicon alloy rod produced in Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C69240, C69300, C69400, C69410, C69430, C69700, C69710, and C69850.
1.1.1 If the purchaser does not specify the alloy to be supplied, product is permitted to be furnished in any of the alloys named in 1.1.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover requirements for simulated service tests and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of various types and shapes of steels designated for use in detention and correctional facilities as fixed barriers to prevent egress and to control passage. These test methods are designed to identify levels of physical security for openings such as fixed and operable exterior and interior windows, bar gratings, grilles for mechanical ducts, and so forth in walls that enclose or separate secure areas. Drop-weight test, cutting test, deflection test, and hardness test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities are a major concern for their administrative officials. These test methods are designed to identify levels of physical security for openings such as fixed and operable exterior and interior windows, bar gratings, grilles for mechanical ducts, and so forth in walls that enclose or separate secure areas.
4.2 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of these barriers to violent attacks using battering devices such as benches, bunks or tables, and so forth to bend or break the steel bars and to surreptitious attacks by cutting/abrading the steel bars over prolonged periods of time using handheld grit-type cutting/abrading media such as tungsten carbide rod saws. External attacks and attacks by corrosive agents and other means not typically available to inmates are not addressed in this standard.
4.3 The primary purpose or result of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse to which these physical security barriers will potentially be subjected in the correctional/detention facility. The desired result of its use is to help provide a degree of assurance of protection to the public, facility personnel, and inmates.
4.4 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administrators provide for adequate training, supervision, regular inspection, and preventive maintenance programs to enable the barriers to function as intended throughout their expected service life.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover requirements for simulated service tests and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of various types and shapes of steels designated for use in detention and correctional facilities as fixed barriers to prevent egress and to control passage.
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that opening assemblies such as detention security windows, grilles, bar grating, and other physical barriers incorporating steel bars perform at or above minimum acceptable levels for control of passage to unauthorized or secure areas, for confinement of inmates and to delay or frustrate escape attempts. To meet the intent of these test methods, opening assembles must perform to grade requirements shown in Tables X1.1 and X1.2 in Appendix X1.
1.3 These test methods apply primarily to the steels used as essential components of detention security windows, grilles, bar grating, and so forth, in opening assemblies enclosing or separating secure areas of detention/correctional facilities.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard updates and combines two previous standards, ASTM Specifications A627 – 95 and A629 – 94, establishing new security grades and time durations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio...
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel joint bars, microalloyed joint bars, and forged compromise joint bars to be used in standard railroad track and production of insulated joints. Manufacturing of the steel shall be done either by basic-oxygen process, electric-furnace process, or both. The chemical composition of the steel joint bars shall be within the limits specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Requirements for heat or cast analysis, product analysis, and tensile testing are detailed. Specifications for the material tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield point, yield strength, and elongation are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel joint bars, microalloyed joint bars, and forged compromise joint bars for general use in standard railroad track.
1.2 The joint bars may be used for the production of insulated joints.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies technical delivery requirements for the surface quality of round bars, squares, hexagons and wire rod in the hot rolled condition with nominal dimensions dN from 5 mm to 200 mm. This document is applicable to bright products and tool steels, if agreed at the time of enquiry and order between manufacturer and purchaser.
By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser, this document can also be applied to other special profiles.
This document is particularly applicable to steels for engineering and structural applications.
This document does not include any requirements for the permissible depth of surface decarburization.
NOTE The determination of depth of surface decarburization is presented in ISO 3887.
The material standards for steel bars and wire rod can exclude the application of one or other of the surface quality classes of this document. They can also cover requirements for surface quality which deviate from this document. In these cases the requirements of the material standard prevail.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot-rolled steel flat bars and steel wide flats for general purposes.
This document is not applicable to spring leaves, see EN 10092-1.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day