ISO/TC 17 - Steel

This document specifies a procedure for the evaluation of centreline segregation of continuously cast slabs, including sampling, sample preparation and evaluation method. This document is applicable for low carbon steel slabs for pipe production manufactured by continuous casting. These steels have a typical chemical composition as follows (mass percentages): — C ≤ 0,12 % — Mn ≤ 2,0 % — Si ≤ 0,5 % — Ti + Nb + V ≤ 0,2 % The common dimensions of these slabs are in the following ranges: — Slab width: 800 mm to 2 600 mm — Slab thickness: 150 mm to 450 mm The evaluation methods covered by this document are based on macroscopic etching of slab samples followed by visual inspection by means of human eye or camera systems. The procedures for sampling described in 5.1 to 5.3 of this document are applicable to steels slabs in general (e. g. other steel grades or dimensions). However, the etching procedure (see 5.4) in combination with the evaluation methods described in Clause 6 have been developed especially for the application on pipeline steels as given above. Thus, they are not applicable to other steel grades, product types or dimensions without a prior validation. Any extension or modification beyond the scope of this document necessitates a separate agreement between producer and customer.

This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.

This document specifies adhesion test methods of steel cords which are used for tyre reinforcement.

This document provides specifications for metallographic method for determining the maximum local content of ferrite in an austenitic matrix of stainless steel.

This document specifies procedures for the rating and statistical analysis of non-metallic inclusions (referred to as inclusions hereafter) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), a backscattered detector (BSD) and automatic image analysis capabilities.

This document specifies a diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium in steel and iron. The method is applicable to titanium contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies the requirements and characteristics of round and flat wire used for strengthening the bead of all kinds of tyres.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of nickel content in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to nickel contents in the range of 0,002 % (mass fraction) to 0,5 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron. The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies test methods applicable to prestressing steel (bar, wire or strand) for concrete. This document does not cover the sampling conditions that are dealt with in the product standards.

This document specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment casting process. NOTE The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in this document form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.

This document specifies the requirements for hot-rolled and cold-reduced electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. The product is intended for the manufacture of formed or of miscellaneous parts, and can be supplied chemically treated to render it more suitable for painting.

This document applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of structural quality in grades CR220, CR250, CR280, CR320, and CH550, usually without the use of microalloying elements. The product is intended for structures that include bolting, riveting, and welding. It is generally used in the delivered condition for fabricating purposes, such as bending, forming, and welding. This document does not cover steels designated as commercial quality or drawing qualities (covered in ISO 3574), cold-reduced carbon steel sheet according to hardness requirements (covered in ISO 5954), cold-reduced steel sheet of higher strength with improved formability (covered in ISO 13887), or cold-reduced steel sheet of high tensile strength and low yield point with improved formability (covered in ISO14590).

This document specifies the requirements for steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths, metallic-coated by the continuous hot-dip process, with zinc and zinc-iron alloy coatings. The product is intended for applications requiring corrosion resistance, formability and paintability. The steel sheet is produced in a number of designations, coating masses, surface treatments and coating conditions designed to be compatible with differing application requirements. This document does not cover steel designated as structural quality, which are covered in ISO 4998.[1]

This document specifies requirements for ultra-low carbon high boron steel wire rod for copper cladded wire, mainly used in telecommunication cable (hereinafter referred to as wire rods). This document applies to wire rods with circular cross-sections and diameters of 5 mm to 20 mm.

This document specifies requirements for round, cold-drawn, high-tensile steel wire, that is either plain, indented, spiral ribbed or crimped. The product is supplied as mill coil wire or straightened and stress-relieved wire in coils or cut lengths, according to the general requirements specified in ISO 6934-1.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths, metallic-coated by the continuous hot-dip process, with zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy coating. The product is intended for applications requiring high corrosion resistance, formability and paintability. The steel sheet is produced in a number of quality designations and grades, coating type, coating mass, surface treatments and coating finish conditions designed to be compatible with differing application requirements.

This document specifies a method for the determination of chromium in steel and iron by potentiometric or visual titration. The method is applicable to chromium contents between 0,25 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). If vanadium is present, the visual titration is applicable only to test portions containing less than 3 mg of vanadium. NOTE The visual titration can be applicable to test portion containing between 3 mg and 6 mg of vanadium.

This document covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This document relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition given in Table 1, and mechanical properties in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

This document specifies a method for the determination of Mn, P, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Cu, V, Ti, As and Sn contents in low alloyed steel by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The method is applicable to the determination of Mn, P, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Cu, V, Ti, As and Sn within the ranges given in Table 1.

This document specifies calculation methods to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the emission factor of CO2 per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. This document applies to plants that produce mainly carbon steel. It can be used by companies using EAF to manufacture steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition, and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports steel producers to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies calculation methods applicable to manufacturers using an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce steel and having direct reduced iron (DRI) facilities within their premises. This document allows the user to cover those particular cases of agglomeration of iron ore on site. It can be used to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the emission factor of CO2 intensity of the entire steel production process. This document is applicable to plants producing mainly carbon steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports the steel producer to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies calculation methods for the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of the plant where steel is produced through a blast furnace. NOTE The steel plant is generally called “the integrated steel plant”. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports steel producers to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel. The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a method for determining the hardenability of steel by end quenching (Jominy test) by using a test piece 25 mm in diameter and at least 100 mm long. By agreement and for a defined field of application, the test described in this document can be replaced by the calculation of the Jominy curve according to an accepted mathematical model.

This document specifies micrographic methods of determining apparent ferritic or austenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grain boundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal size distribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographic sectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, to the maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grain sizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistent grain size.

This document specifies requirements for round high tensile strength steel bars for the prestressing of concrete. The surface can be plain or threaded.

This document specifies a thiocyanate spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum contents in steel and iron. The method is applicable to molybdenum mass fractions between 0,005 % and 0,125 %. Vanadium and tungsten interfere with the measurement if, because of their contents, the V/Mo ratio is greater than 16 or the W/Mo ratio is greater than 8.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies requirements for non-alloy and alloy steels that are intended for cold heading or cold extruding and are delivered as wire rods, wire or bars. It also lists the specific requirements for: — steels not intended for heat treatment, with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex A); — case-hardening steels with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex B); — steels for quenching and tempering, including boron-alloyed steels, with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex C). This document (except Annex A) also applies to the properties of cold-headed or cold-extruded parts which have been subjected to a subsequent heat treatment. NOTE Stainless steels for cold heading and cold extruding are covered by ISO 4954-2.

This document specifies requirements for stainless steels that are intended for cold heading or cold extruding and are delivered as wire rods, wire or bars. It lists specific requirements for steels with diameters of 0,8 mm up to 50 mm for austenitic steels, up to 25 mm for ferritic steels and up to 100 mm for martensitic steels. This document is applicable to the properties of cold-headed or cold-extruded parts which have been subjected to a subsequent heat treatment. NOTE Non-alloy and alloy steels for cold heading and cold extruding are covered by ISO 4954-1.

This document specifies requirements for hot-rolled longitudinally profiled steel plates (LP steel plates). This document applies to hot-rolled LP steel plates with thickness between 4 mm and 400 mm for general structural and engineering purposes.

This document specifies technical requirements for hot rolled stainless steel plain bars and ribbed bars used as reinforcement in concrete. It is applicable to steel delivered in the form of bars, coils and de-coiled products. It does not apply to ribbed bars produced from finished products The production process is at the discretion of the manufacturer.

This document specifies a routine method after fusion under inert gas for the determination of oxygen in steel. The method is applicable to contents of oxygen between 0,001 % (mass fraction) and 0,02 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent through the microstructure of a steel by means of a point grid. It applies to constituents which are clearly identifiable. By default, counting is performed manually, but can be computer assisted or substituted by validated computer algorithms. NOTE In this document, the word "constituent" can designate a phase as well as a micrographic constituent composed of two or more phases.

This document specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel and iron castings by means of X-rays or gamma-rays.

This document specifies qualities for flat and long products of hot-rolled structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance in the as-rolled, normalized/normalized rolled, thermomechanical control processed and quenched and tempered delivery conditions. It is applicable to steel plates rolled on a reversing mill, wide flats, hot-rolled sections and bars, which are intended for use in welded or bolted structures. This document covers 14 grades and 5 qualities. Grades S235, S295, S355, S420, S460, S500 and S550 are covered in Annex A. Grades SG245, SG345, SG365, SG400, SG460, SG500, and SG700 are covered in Annex B. Not all grades are available in all qualities, and some qualities have Charpy V-notch requirements. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled plates, wide flats, sections and bars with a maximum nominal thickness of 150 mm for grades S235W, S295W, S355W, S420W, S460W, S500W and S550W, with a maximum nominal thickness of 200 mm for grades SG245, SG345, SG365, SG400, SG460, SG500, and SG700. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled plates with a maximum nominal thickness of 20 mm for grades S295WP and S355WP. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled wide flats, sections and bars with a maximum nominal thickness of 40 mm for grades S295WP and S355WP. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled plates with a maximum nominal thickness of 80 mm for grade S355WSE. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards. — sheet and strip, e.g. ISO 4995 or ISO 4996; — tubular products. e.g. ISO 12633-1, ISO 12633-2. NOTE In this document, the term of "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.

This document specifies technical requirements for factory made sheets or rolls of welded fabric, manufactured from steel wires or bars with diameters from 4 mm to 18 mm and designed for the reinforcement of concrete structures and the ordinary reinforcement of prestressed concrete structures.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for round and flat bars and wire rods manufactured from the alloyed steels listed in Table 4, intended for hot-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs or cold-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs. The products are supplied in one of the heat-treatment conditions given for the different types of products in Table 2 and in one of the surface conditions given in Table 3. NOTE 1 Table 4 only considers steels that have gained certain international importance. This does, however, not mean that these are available in all industrial countries. In addition, a great number of other steels are specified in regional and national standards. NOTE 2 Non-alloy steels also for the production of springs are covered by the wire rod specification in ISO 16120-4. NOTE 3 International Standards relating to steels conforming with the chemical composition requirements in Table 4, but supplied in other product forms or other treatment conditions or intended for special applications, are given in the bibliography.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright steel products in the drawn, peeled/turned or additional ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts. The bright steel products are subdivided into the following steel types: a) non-alloy general engineering steels; b) non-alloy free-cutting steels; c) non-alloy and alloy case-hardening steels; d) non-alloy and alloy steels for quenching and tempering. Bright products of stainless steels are not part of this document, they are covered by ISO 16143-4.

This document specifies chemical composition and mechanical properties of cast steels and alloys for heat-resistant service.

This document specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product standard applies. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 applies. This document also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which can be applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.

This document specifies requirements for four grades of heat-treated cast carbon and alloy steels for general engineering and structural purposes. In cases where castings are produced by welding component parts together, this document does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment. The four steel grades are intended for service at ambient temperature.

This document specifies cast steels for general corrosion-resistant applications. The grades covered by this document represent types of alloy steel castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion applications. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

This document specifies qualities for steels for seismic-proof improved structural use. It is applicable to steel plates rolled on a reversing mill, wide flats, hot-rolled sections, which are used in the as-rolled condition, with the exception of grade SA440, which is normally produced using quenched and tempered or thermomechanical controlled process and normally intended for welded or bolted structures. This document covers 5 steel grades and 7 qualities. Grades SA235, SA325, SA345, SA390 and SA440 are covered. Not all grades are available in all qualities, and some qualities have Charpy V‑notch requirements. The steels specified in this document are applicable to hot-rolled plates, wide flats, and sections with a minimum nominal thickness of 6 mm and a maximum nominal thickness of 150 mm for steel plates, and a maximum nominal thickness of 140 mm for wide flats and hot-rolled sections. This document does not include the following structural steels, some of which are covered by other International Standards: — sheet and strip, e.g. ISO 4995 or ISO 4996; — tubular products. e.g. ISO 12633-1, ISO 12633-2. NOTE The term "thickness" is considered as "nominal thickness", unless otherwise stated.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright products made of stainless steels in the form of bars in the drawn, peeled/turned or additionally ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts, and/or for use at high temperature including creep-resistant applications. NOTE 1 Bright steel products made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel are manufactured from steels mentioned in ISO 16143-2, and bright steel products intended for high-temperature purposes are manufactured from steels mentioned in ISO 4955.

This document specifies requirements for wire rod for bridge cable wire, which is widely used in parallel wire cables or semi-parallel wire cables for suspension bridges, stay bridges or other structures involving the use of parallel wires. ISO 16120-4 provides additional wire rod materials and their technical and qualitative requirements for their possible application as bridge cable wire.

This document defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.