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77.140.25 - Spring steels

ICS 77.140.25 Details

Spring steels

Federstahle

Aciers a ressorts

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General Information

Parent
77.140 - Iron and steel products

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 77.140.25 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Spring steels". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 131 standards classified under ICS 77.140.25 (Spring steels). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

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Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
SIST
SIST EN 10270-1:2024(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
EN 10270-1:2024

This document applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
General technical delivery requirements can be found in EN 10021.

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ASTM
ASTM A227/A227M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the manufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms. The steel specimens shall either be ingot cast or strand cast. Cast or heat and product analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Specimens shall also undergo tension and wrap tests and shall conform to the requirements of tensile properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for the manufacture of mechanical springs, rings, and wire forms that are not subject to high stress or requiring high fatigue properties.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A713-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, High-Carbon Spring, for Heat-Treated Components

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the general requirements for round carbon spring steel wire coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms that are heat treated after fabrication. Heat treatment processes include austenitizing, quenching and tempering. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process and the wire shall be thermally treated, or thermally treated and drawn. Product analysis, wrap testing, and chemical analysis shall be performed and materials shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition, metallurgical structure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Packaging of the coils of wire shall be by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser wherein the agreement shall include coil dimensions and weights, while marking and bar coding for identification shall be by tag securely attached to each coil of wire.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round carbon spring steel wire in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms that are heat treated (austenitized, quenched, and tempered) after fabrication.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CEN
EN 10270-1:2024(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-1:2024

This document applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
General technical delivery requirements can be found in EN 10021.

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ISO
ISO 683-6:2023(Main)
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 6: Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for round and flat bars and wire rods manufactured from the alloyed steels listed in Table 4, intended for hot-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs or cold-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs. The products are supplied in one of the heat-treatment conditions given for the different types of products in Table 2 and in one of the surface conditions given in Table 3. NOTE 1 Table 4 only considers steels that have gained certain international importance. This does, however, not mean that these are available in all industrial countries. In addition, a great number of other steels are specified in regional and national standards. NOTE 2 Non-alloy steels also for the production of springs are covered by the wire rod specification in ISO 16120-4. NOTE 3 International Standards relating to steels conforming with the chemical composition requirements in Table 4, but supplied in other product forms or other treatment conditions or intended for special applications, are given in the bibliography.

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ASTM
ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round, shaped and flat rolled plain carbon and alloy steel spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some relatively low number of cycles. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered conditions. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process in either ingot cast or strand cast form. The percentage of the following elements: carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium, shall conform to the chemical composition requirements and be determined by heat analysis. Tensile and wrap tests shall conform to the mechanical requirements such as tensile strength. Metallurgical requirements including eddy current testing for etched surface, decarburization, and inclusion content are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four different grades of round and shaped plain carbon and alloy steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some relatively low number of cycles. The quality level is between the commercial quality grades of wire such as Specifications A401/A401M, A231/A231M, and A229/A229M and the valve spring quality grades such Specifications as A230/A230M, A232/A232M, and A877/A877M. It is similar to the grade TD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for medium fatigue levels, such as required for clutch springs. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A877/A877M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process, shall be continuously cast, and shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation and surface imperfections. Heat analysis, tensile testing, wrap testing, and surface inspection by magnetic or eddy current defect analysis shall be done. Both heat and product analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and chromium. The mechanical requirements for the steel wire including cooling, heat treatment, and tensile strength, and the metallurgical requirements including etched surface testing, decarburization, and inclusion content are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-silicon and chromium-silicon-vanadium alloys of steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A407-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn, for Coiled-Type Springs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round, cold-drawn, steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of the following types of upholstery springs:  
1.1.1 Type A—Coiled (Marshall pack),  
1.1.2 Type B—Coiled and knotted,  
1.1.3 Type C—Coiled and knotted (offset style),  
1.1.4 Type D—Coiled and hooked (single and cross helicals),  
1.1.5 Type E—Coiled and hooked (short tension—regular tensile strength),  
1.1.6 Type F—Coiled and hooked (short tension—high tensile strength),  
1.1.7 Type G—Regular lacing,  
1.1.8 Type H—Automatic lacing,  
1.1.9 Type I—Zig-zag (U-formed),  
1.1.10 Type J—Square-formed, and  
1.1.11 Type K—Sinuous for furniture spring units.  
1.2 These types of upholstery springs are used in the manufacture of automotive seat springs, furniture springs, bed spring units, mattresses, furniture cushions, and automobile seats. This wire is not intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CEN
EN 10132:2021(Main)
Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions
SIST EN 10132:2021

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for cold rolled narrow steel strip made of non alloy and alloy steel grades in the form of coils and cut lengths in rolling widths less than 600 mm. Cold rolled narrow steel strip is available in grades of case hardening steel and of steels for quenching and tempering for general and special applications particularily springs.
-   Case hardening steels in thicknesses up to and including 10 mm;
-   steels for quenching and tempering in thicknesses up to and including 6 mm in the conditions annealed (+A), annealed and skin passed (+LC) or cold rolled (+CR);
-   steels in the quenched and tempered condition (+QT) in thicknesses between 0,30 mm and 3,00 mm.
In special cases supplementary requirements or deviations with respect to this document can be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order (see 5.2 and Annex A).
In addition to the requirements of this document, the general technical delivery requirements specified in EN 10021 apply.
This document does not cover cold rolled flat products for which separate standards exist, e.g.:
-   cold rolled uncoated low carbon steel narrow strip for cold forming (EN 10139);
-   cold rolled steel flat products with higher yield strength for cold forming (EN 10268).

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ISO
ISO 23213:2022(Main)
Carbon steel wire for bedding and seating springs

This document specifies requirements for carbon steel wire of round cross-section supplied in the cold-draw condition intended for the manufacture of springs for bedding and seating used in the automotive and furniture manufacturing industries. This document is applicable to wire supplies in the uncoated condition, that is, without a metallic coating.

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SIST
SIST EN 10132:2021(Main)
Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10132:2021

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for cold rolled narrow steel strip made of non alloy and alloy steel grades in the form of coils and cut lengths in rolling widths less than 600 mm. Cold rolled narrow steel strip is available in grades of case hardening steel and of steels for quenching and tempering for general and special applications particularily springs.
-   Case hardening steels in thicknesses up to and including 10 mm;
-   steels for quenching and tempering in thicknesses up to and including 6 mm in the conditions annealed (+A), annealed and skin passed (+LC) or cold rolled (+CR);
-   steels in the quenched and tempered condition (+QT) in thicknesses between 0,30 mm and 3,00 mm.
In special cases supplementary requirements or deviations with respect to this document can be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order (see 5.2 and Annex A).
In addition to the requirements of this document, the general technical delivery requirements specified in EN 10021 apply.
This document does not cover cold rolled flat products for which separate standards exist, e.g.:
-   cold rolled uncoated low carbon steel narrow strip for cold forming (EN 10139);
-   cold rolled steel flat products with higher yield strength for cold forming (EN 10268).

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CEN
EN ISO 6931-1:2020(Main)
Stainless steels for springs - Part 1: Wire (ISO 6931-1:2016)
SIST EN ISO 6931-1:2020

ISO 6931-1:2016 specifies the grades of stainless steels which are generally used in the cold drawn condition in the form of wire of circular cross-section up to 10,00 mm in diameter, for the production of springs and spring parts exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes to slightly increased temperatures (see Annex A).
Certain steel grades covered by ISO 16143‑2 are also used for springs, although to a much lesser extent. In these cases, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, etc.) will be agreed between purchaser and supplier. Similarly, diameters between 10,00 mm and 15,00 mm can be ordered according to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, in which case the parties will agree upon the required mechanical characteristics.
In addition to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.

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SIST
SIST EN ISO 6931-1:2020(Main)
Stainless steels for springs - Part 1: Wire (ISO 6931-1:2016)
EN ISO 6931-1:2020

ISO 6931-1:2016 specifies the grades of stainless steels which are generally used in the cold drawn condition in the form of wire of circular cross-section up to 10,00 mm in diameter, for the production of springs and spring parts exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes to slightly increased temperatures (see Annex A).
Certain steel grades covered by ISO 16143‑2 are also used for springs, although to a much lesser extent. In these cases, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, etc.) will be agreed between purchaser and supplier. Similarly, diameters between 10,00 mm and 15,00 mm can be ordered according to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, in which case the parties will agree upon the required mechanical characteristics.
In addition to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.

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ASTM
ASTM A230/A230M-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon Valve Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the highest quality of round carbon steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended especially for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties. The steel wire shall be subjected to continuous casting, hardening, and tempering to produce the desired mechanical properties. The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Mechanical properties shall be determined by the tension test, wrap test, twist test, and special surface inspection. The material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the tensile requirements for tensile strength and reduction of area. Metallurgical characterization of steel shall include decarburization, surface condition, and microstructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped carbon steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended especially for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A878/A878M-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall either be in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition. The steel shall be subjected to continuous casting and be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation. Heat and product analysis shall conform to the chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium. Mechanical properties shall be determined by the following: annealing and cold-drawing, oil tempering, wrap testing, and special surface inspection. In the oil-tempered condition, steel shall conform to the tensile requirements for different wire diameters. Metallurgical characterization shall include surface condition, decarburization, and inclusion content. The wire or wire rod shall conform to the maximum inclusion content requirements for the surface and core zones.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIST
SIST EN 2541:2018(Main)
Aerospace series - Steel FE-PA18 - Quenched and cold drawn - Wire for spring - D ≤ 4,0 mm
EN 2541:2018

This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to:
Steel FE-PA18
Quenched and cold drawn
Wire for spring
D ≤ 4,0 mm
for aerospace applications.

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ASTM
ASTM A689-97(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-wrought steel bars for the manufacture of general purpose springs such as coil, torsion, and leaf. The steel shall be melt processed by using open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace. The materials shall undergo heat analysis and shall conform to the required chemical compositions and hardenability. The steel specimens shall conform to the required values of rounded corner radii and cross section tolerances for round-edge flat bars.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought steel bars to be used for the manufacture of general-purpose springs such as coil, torsion, and leaf.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A228/A228M-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Music Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers high quality, round, cold-drawn steel music spring quality wire for the manufacture of springs subject to high stresses or requiring good fatigue properties. The steel shall either be ingot cast or strand cast. Heat and product analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Steel specimens shall also undergo tension test, wrap test, and torsion tests. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of round, cold-drawn steel music spring quality wire, uniform in mechanical properties, intended especially for the manufacture of springs subject to high stresses or requiring good fatigue properties.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A232/A232M-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel wires for manufacture of valve springs and other springs with high-fatigue properties under moderately elevated temperatures. The wires shall be annealed, cold-drawn, or oil-tempered. The material shall conform to specified carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium contents. Guidelines for mechanical testing are given. Values for tensile requirements are provided. Material decarburization shall be examined. Attention is also given to workmanship, finish, and appearance of the product, and as well as its inspection, rejection, rehearing, and certification. Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment is also described.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A229/A229M-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two classes of oil-tempered steel spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel-making process and shall either be ingot cast or strand cast. The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and undue segregation. The wire shall be oil quenched and tempered to produce the desired mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Cast, heat, and product analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Tension, wrap, and surface tests shall be performed. The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust, excessive scale die marks, pits, and scratches detrimental to the end application. Other metallurgical requirements such as microstructure and decarburization are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes of commercial quality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The quality level is lower than specialty spring quality (Specification A1000/A1000M) or valve spring quality (Specification A230/A230M).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems can result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A313/A313M-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire

ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for austenitic and age-hardenable stainless steel round spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of springs. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen, and other elements. The material shall conform to the required tensile strengths following the prescribed heat treatment. Tensile strength requirements for hardened wires and stress-relieved materials shall be given. Mechanical tests such as wrap test, uniformity (coil test), and bend test hall be performed on the steel material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, and age-hardenable stainless steel round spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of springs.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A231/A231M-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wires having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. Wires shall either be in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser. The steel may either be ingot cast or strand cast, and the finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation. Specimens shall undergo cast or heat analysis, and shall conform to required chemical compositions for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium. Wrap tests shall also be performed wherein mechanical properties shall be assessed for tensile strength requirements. Metallurgical properties, such as the surface condition and decarburization, shall be inspected as well. For all test procedures, one specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 6931-1:2016(Main)
Stainless steels for springs - Part 1: Wire

ISO 6931-1:2016 specifies the grades of stainless steels which are generally used in the cold drawn condition in the form of wire of circular cross-section up to 10,00 mm in diameter, for the production of springs and spring parts exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes to slightly increased temperatures (see Annex A). Certain steel grades covered by ISO 16143‑2 are also used for springs, although to a much lesser extent. In these cases, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, etc.) will be agreed between purchaser and supplier. Similarly, diameters between 10,00 mm and 15,00 mm can be ordered according to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, in which case the parties will agree upon the required mechanical characteristics. In addition to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.

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CEN
EN 10270-2:2011(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-2:2012

1.1   This European Standard applies to oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire made from unalloyed or alloyed steels. They are primarily subject to torsional stresses such as in coil springs for compression and extension and in special cases also for applications where the spring wire is subject to bending stresses such as lever springs.
As a rule unalloyed steels are used for applications at room temperature whereas alloyed steels are generally used at a temperature above room temperature. Alloyed steels may also be chosen for above average tensile strengths.
1.2   In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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SIST
SIST EN 10270-2:2012(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire
EN 10270-2:2011

1.1   This European Standard applies to oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire made from unalloyed or alloyed steels. They are primarily subject to torsional stresses such as in coil springs for compression and extension and in special cases also for applications where the spring wire is subject to bending stresses such as lever springs.
As a rule unalloyed steels are used for applications at room temperature whereas alloyed steels are generally used at a temperature above room temperature. Alloyed steels may also be chosen for above average tensile strengths.
1.2   In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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ISO
ISO 6931-2:2005(Main)
Stainless steels for springs - Part 2: Narrow strip

ISO 6931-2:2005 applies to cold-rolled narrow strip of thicknesses up to and including 3 mm, in rolled widths less than 600 mm, made from stainless steel.

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SIST
SIST EN 10092-1:2004(Main)
Hot rolled spring steel flat bars - Part 1: Flat bars - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
EN 10092-1:2003

This Part of this European Standard specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot rolled steel flat bars for springs with three different types of profiles (A, B, and C). Formulas for calculation the moment of inertia are specified in annex A.
This standard is applicable only to spring steel flat bars produced from steel grades specified in EN 10089.

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SIST
SIST EN 10092-2:2004(Main)
Hot rolled spring steel flat bars - Part 2: Ribbed and grooved spring leaves - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
EN 10092-2:2003

This Part of this European Standard specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot rolled spring steel flat bars for ribbed and grooved spring leaves.
This standard is applicable only to steel flats produced from steel grades specified in EN 10089.

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CEN
EN 10092-1:2003(Main)
Hot rolled spring steel flat bars - Part 1: Flat bars - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
SIST EN 10092-1:2004

This Part of this European Standard specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot rolled steel flat bars for springs with three different types of profiles (A, B, and C). Formulas for calculation the moment of inertia are specified in annex A.
This standard is applicable only to spring steel flat bars produced from steel grades specified in EN 10089.

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CEN
EN 10092-2:2003(Main)
Hot rolled spring steel flat bars - Part 2: Ribbed and grooved spring leaves - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
SIST EN 10092-2:2004

This Part of this European Standard specifies the nominal dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape of hot rolled spring steel flat bars for ribbed and grooved spring leaves.
This standard is applicable only to steel flats produced from steel grades specified in EN 10089.

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CEN
EN 10089:2002(Main)
Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions
SIST EN 10089:2003

1.1 This European Standard specifies the technical delivery requirements for round and flat bars and rod manufactured from the alloy steels listed in table 3, intended for hot-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs or cold-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs. The products are supplied in one of the heat-treatment conditions given for the different types of products in table 1, lines 2 to 6, and in one of the surface conditions given in table 2.

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CEN
EN 10151:2002(Main)
Stainless steel strip for springs - Technical delivery conditions
SIST EN 10151:2003

1.1 This European Standard applies to cold rolled narrow strip of thickness up to and including 3 mm in rolled widths less than 600 mm made from the stainless steel grades listed in table 1. The steels are currently used in the conditions given in table 4 for the production of springs and spring parts that are exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes slightly increased temperatures (see A.1).

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SIST
SIST EN 10089:2003(Main)
Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10089:2002

1.1 This European Standard specifies the technical delivery requirements for round and flat bars and rod manufactured from the alloy steels listed in table 3, intended for hot-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs or cold-formed and subsequently heat-treated springs. The products are supplied in one of the heat-treatment conditions given for the different types of products in table 1, lines 2 to 6, and in one of the surface conditions given in table 2.

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SIST
SIST EN 10151:2003(Main)
Stainless steel strip for springs - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10151:2002

1.1 This European Standard applies to cold rolled narrow strip of thickness up to and including 3 mm in rolled widths less than 600 mm made from the stainless steel grades listed in table 1. The steels are currently used in the conditions given in table 4 for the production of springs and spring parts that are exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes slightly increased temperatures (see A.1).

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ISO
ISO 8458-3:2002(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 3: Oil-hardened and tempered wire

ISO 8458-3 specifies requirements for oil-hardened and tempered carbon and low alloy steel wire, for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, complying with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

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ISO
ISO 8458-2:2002(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Patented cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire

ISO 8458-2 specifies requirements for cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, complying with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

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ISO
ISO 8458-1:2002(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: General requirements

ISO 8458-1 specifies general requirements for steel spring wire of round cross-section, suitable for the manufacture of mechanical springs.

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ISO
ISO 9442:1988(Main)
Steel - Hot-rolled ribbed and grooved flats for spring leaves - Tolerances and dimensions

Applies to hot-rolled spring steel with the dimensions stated in table 1, of the steel grades listed in clause 4, which are preferably used for rail vehicle construction. Specifies dimensions and tolerances, material, mode of delivery and testing.

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SIST
SIST EN 10270-1:2012/kFprA1:2017(Amendment)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
EN 10270-1:2011/FprA1

1.1 This Eurpean Standard applies to patented cld drawn unalloyed steel wire of cicular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications - 1.2 In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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ISO
ISO 8458-2(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Patented cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire

ISO 8458-2 specifies requirements for cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, complying with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

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    10 pages
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CEN
EN 10270-1:2011/FprA1(Amendment)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-1:2012/kFprA1:2017

1.1 This Eurpean Standard applies to patented cld drawn unalloyed steel wire of cicular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications - 1.2 In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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ISO
ISO 8458-1(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: General requirements

ISO 8458-1 specifies general requirements for steel spring wire of round cross-section, suitable for the manufacture of mechanical springs.

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    8 pages
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ISO
ISO 8458-3(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 3: Oil-hardened and tempered wire

ISO 8458-3 specifies requirements for oil-hardened and tempered carbon and low alloy steel wire, for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, complying with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

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    7 pages
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CEN
EN 10270-1:2011+A1:2017(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-1:2012+A1:2017

1.1   This European Standard applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
1.2   In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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CEN
EN 10270-3:2011(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 3: Stainless spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-3:2012

1.1   This European Standard applies to the grades of stainless steels listed in Table 1, which are usually used in the cold drawn condition in the form of wire of circular cross-section up to 10,00 mm in diameter, for the production of springs and spring parts that are exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes to slightly increased temperatures (see A.1).
1.2   In addition to the steels listed in Table 1 certain of the steel grades covered by EN 10088-3 e.g. 1.4571, 1.4539, 1.4028 are also used for springs, although to much lesser extent. In these cases the mechanical properties (tensile strength, etc.) should be agreed between purchaser and supplier. Similarly, diameters between 10,00 mm and 15,00 mm may be ordered according to this standard; in this case the parties should agree upon the required mechanical characteristics.
1.3   In addition to this European Standard the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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CEN
EN 10270-1:2011(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
SIST EN 10270-1:2012

1.1   This European Standard applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
1.2   In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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CEN
EN 10132-4:2000/AC:2002(Corrigendum)
Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Spring steels and other applications
SIST EN 10132-4:2001/AC:2004

TC - Table 3 - Change of values

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CEN
EN 10132-4:2000(Main)
Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Spring steels and other applications
SIST EN 10132-4:2001

1.1 This part of EN 10132 applies to: - non-alloy and alloy cold rolled narrow steel strip thicknesses up to 6 mm; - non-alloy and alloy cold rolled narrow steel strip in the quenched and tempered condition in thicknesses between 0,30 mm and 3,00 mm for springs and for other special applications. 1.2 This EN 10132-4 is complemented by EN 10132-1.

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SIST
SIST EN 10270-1:2012+A1:2017(Main)
Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire
EN 10270-1:2011+A1:2017

1.1   This European Standard applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
1.2   In addition to this European Standard, the general technical delivery requirements of EN 10021 are applicable.

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SIST
SIST EN 10132-4:2001/AC:2004(Amendment)
Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Spring steels and other applications
EN 10132-4:2000/AC:2002

TC - Table 3 - Change of values

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