ASTM A407-23

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A407 − 18 A407 − 23
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn, for Coiled-Type Springs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers round, cold-drawn, steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of
the following types of upholstery springs:
1.1.1 Type A—Coiled (Marshall pack),
1.1.2 Type B—Coiled and knotted,
1.1.3 Type C—Coiled and knotted (offset style),
1.1.4 Type D—Coiled and hooked (single and cross helicals),
1.1.5 Type E—Coiled and hooked (short tension—regular tensile strength),
1.1.6 Type F—Coiled and hooked (short tension—high tensile strength),
1.1.7 Type G—Regular lacing,
1.1.8 Type H—Automatic lacing,
1.1.9 Type I—Zig-zag (U-formed),
1.1.10 Type J—Square-formed, and
1.1.11 Type K—Sinuous for furniture spring units.
1.2 These types of upholstery springs are used in the manufacture of automotive seat springs, furniture springs, bed spring units,
mattresses, furniture cushions, and automobile seats. This wire is not intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved March 1, 2018April 1, 2023. Published April 2018April 2023. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
A407 – 07 (2013).A407 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/A0407-18.10.1520/A0407-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A407 − 23
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-10 Trading Partner Labels Implementation Guidelines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information for each ordered item:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight),
4.1.2 Name of material (name of specific type required) (Section 1 and Table 1),
4.1.3 Diameter (Table 2),
4.1.4 Packaging, marking, and loading (Section 14), and
4.1.5 ASTM designation and date of issue.
4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additional requirements, including but not limited to:
4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis, or test reports, (see Sections 6 and 13),
4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements (see Section 14),
4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 50 000 lb [15 000 kg], cold-drawn upholstery spring wire Type B for coiling and knotting, size
0.080 in. [2.0 mm], 1500-lb [700 kg] coils on tubular carriers to ASTM A407–XX.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be made by any commercially accepted steelmaking process.
5.2 The finished wire shall be free from injurious piping and undue segregation.
5.3 The wire shall be cold-drawn to produce the desired mechanical properties.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033-7100,4400 Town Center, Southfield, MI 48075-1104,
www.aiag.org.
A407 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Strength Requirements
Tensile Strength, ksi [MPa]
Diameter, Wire
in. [mm] Gauge
min max
Type A, Marshall Pack
0.048 [1.22] 18 255 [1760] 295 [2030]
0.054 [1.37] 17 250 [1720] 290 [2000]
0.062 [1.57] 16 250 [1720] 290 [2000]
0.072 [1.83] 15 240 [1660] 280 [1930]
0.080 [2.03] 14 230 [1590] 270 [1860]
0.092 [2.34] 13 225 [1550] 265 [1830]
0.106 [2.69] 12 220 [1520] 260 [1800]
Type B, Coiled and Knotted
0.062 [1.57] 16 235 [1620] 270 [1860]
0.072 [1.83] 15 230 [1590] 265 [1830]
0.080 [2.03] 14 225 [1550] 260 [1800]
0.092 [2.34] 13 215 [1480] 250 [1720]
0.106 [2.69] 12 205 [1410] 235 [1620]
0.120 [3.05] 11 195 [1340] 225 [1550]
0.135 [3.43] 10 190 [1310] 220 [1520]
0.148 [3.76] 9 185 [1280] 215 [1480]
0.162 [4.11] 8 180 [1240] 210 [1450]
Type C, Coiled and Knotted (Offset Type)
0.072 [1.83] 15 215 [1480] 245 [1690]
0.080 [2.03] 14 210 [1450] 240 [1660]
0.092 [2.34] 13 200 [1380] 230 [1590]
0.106 [2.69] 12 195 [1340] 225 [1550]
Type D, Coiled and Hooked (Cross Helicals)
0.048 [1.22] 18 215 [1480] 255 [1760]
0.054 [1.37] 17 210 [1450] 250 [1720]
0.062 [1.57] 16 210 [1450] 250 [1720]
Type E, Coiled and Hooked (Short Tension, Regular Tensile Strength)
0.080 [2.03] 14 200 [1380] 240 [1660]
0.092 [2.34] 13 200 [1380] 240 [1660]
0.106 [2.69] 12 195 [1340] 235 [1620]
Type F, Coiled and Hooked (Short Tension, High Tensile Strength)
0.080 [2.03] 14 225 [1550] 260 [1800]
0.092 [2.34] 13 220 [1520] 255 [1760]
0.106 [2.69] 12 215 [1480] 250 [1720]
Type G, Regular Lacing Wire
0.041 [1.04] 19 235 [1620] 275 [1900]
0.048 [1.22] 18 230 [1590] 270 [1860]
0.054 [1.37] 17 225 [1550] 265 [1830]
0.062 [1.57] 16 225 [1550] 265 [1830]
Type H, Automatic Lacing Wire
0.041 [1.04] 19 250 [1720] 290 [2000]
0.048 [1.22] 18 245 [1690] 285 [1960]
0.054 [1.37] 17 240 [1660] 280 [1930]
0.062 [1.57] 16 235 [1620] 275 [1900]
Type I, Zig-Zag Type Automobile Seat and Back Spring Units
Class I Class II
0.092 [2.34] 13 220 [1520] 250 [1720] 230 [1590] 260 [1800]
0.106 [2.69] 12 215 [1480] 245 [1690] 225 [1550] 255 [1760]
0.120 [3.05] 11 210 [1450] 240 [1660] 215 [1480] 245 [1690]
0.135 [3.43] 10 205 [1410] 235 [1620] 210 [1450] 240 [1660]
0.148 [3.76] 9 200 [1380] 230 [1590] 205 [1410] 235 [1620]
0.162 [4.11] 8 190 [1310] 220 [1520] 200 [1380] 230 [1590]
Type J, Square-Formed Type Automobile Seat and Back Spring Units
Class I Class II
0.092 [2.34] 13 215 [1480] 245 [1690] 225 [1550] 255 [1760]
0.106 [2.69] 12 210 [1450] 240 [1660] 220 [1520] 250 [1720]
0.120 [3.05] 11 205 [1410] 235 [1620] 215 [1480] 245 [1690]
0.135 [3.43] 10 200 [1380] 230 [1590] 210 [1450] 240 [1660]
0.148 [3.76] 9 190 [1310] 220 [1520] 200 [1380] 230 [1590]
0.162 [4.11] 8 180 [1240] 210 [1450] 190 [1310] 220 [1520]
Type K, Sinuous Type Furniture Spring Units
0.092 [2.34] 13 235 [1620] 270 [1860]
0.106 [2.69] 12 235 [1620] 265 [1830]
0.120 [3.05] 11 230 [1590] 260 [1800]
0.135 [3.43] 10 225 [1550] 255 [1760]
0.148 [3.76] 9 220 [1520] 250 [1720]
0.162 [4.11] 8 215 [1480] 245 [1690]
0.177 [4.50] 7 210 [1450] 240 [1660]
0.192 [4.88] 6 207 [1430] 237 [1630]
A
Tensile strength requirement for diameters not shown in this table shall conform
to that shown for the next larger diameter (for example, for diameter 0.128 in.
[3.25 mm] the requirement shall be the same as for 0.135 in. [3.42 mm]).
A407 − 23
A
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter
Diameter, in. [mm] Variations, plus and Permissible Out-of-
minus, in. Round, in. [mm]
Permissible
Variations, ± in. [mm]
Sizes finer than 0.076 [1.93] 0.001 [0.02] 0.001 [0.02]
Sizes 0.076 to 0.192 [1.93 to 4.88], 0.002 [0.05] 0.002 [0.05]
incl
A
For purposes of det
...