21.140 - Seals, glands

ASTM C1619-23(Specification)

Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical property requirements of elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of precast concrete structures used in gravity and low head pressure applications. The seals shall be classified as: Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; and Class E. All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a manner that any cross-section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections. The gaskets shall be fabricated from an elastomeric material meeting the appropriate classification physical property requirements. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: tensile strength and elongation; hardness; compression set; accelerated aging; water absorption; ozone resistance; oil immersion testing; and splice strength classification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the physical property requirements of elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of precast concrete structures conforming to Specifications C14, C14M, C118, C118M, C361, C361M, C443, C443M, C505, C505M, or C1628 used in gravity and low head pressure applications.
1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubber gaskets, or a combination of both.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
3 pages
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Technical specification
3 pages
English language
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30-Sep-2023
21.140
C13

Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Penetration Firestop System Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM E814

ASTM E2750-23(Guide)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested.
4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.
4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics.
4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814.
4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value.
4.7 Limitations:
4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices.
4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components.
4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Practice E2032.
4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.
Note 2: It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops.
4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the extension of results obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E814 to applications that have not been tested. Test Method E814 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their integrity, or both during a predetermined fire test exposure. Firestops are intended for use in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in conformance with Test Methods E119.
Note 1: Data obtained from firestops tested in accordance with Test Methods E119 with positive pressure can also be used.
1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst-case proposition.
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E814, for systems falling within the scope of Test Method E814. This test method is a fire-test-response standard.
1.4 The types of building constructions which are part of this guide are as follows: floors, walls, partitions, floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies.
1.5 This guide applies to:
1.5.1 a single penetrating item, or
1.5.2 multiple penetrating items.
1.6 This guide does not apply to joints systems tested to Test Methods E119, E1966, E2307, and E2837.
1.7 Penetrating items can be one of the following: metallic pipe, non-metallic pipe, metallic tubing, non-metallic tubing, metallic conduit, non-metallic conduit, flexible metal conduit, cables, cable trays, bus ducts, insulated pipes, insulated tubing, insulated conduit, insulated and non-insulated ducts, and structural members.
Metallic pipe, tubing or conduit
6.7
Insulated pipe, tubing or conduit
6.8
Non-metallic pipe, tubing or conduit
6.9 and 6.10
Flexible metal conduit
6.11.1.4 and 6....

Guide
8 pages
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Guide
8 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
13.220.50
21.140
E05

ASTM F1276-23(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Creep Relaxation of Laminated Composite Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
5 pages
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Standard
5 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
21.140
F03

ASTM F1087-02(2023)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Stability of a Gasket Material to Moisture

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.
3.2 This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
2 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
21.140
F03

ASTM F2378-05(2023)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sealability of Sheet, Composite, and Solid Form-in-Place Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to compare sealing characteristics of gasket materials under controlled conditions by providing a precise measure of leakage rate at different press loads up to 32 MPa (4640 psi).
5.2 This test method is suitable for measuring leakage rates from 0.1 mL/min to as high as 5 L/min for gases.
5.3 This test method evaluates leak rates after time periods (typically 30 min) that result in a steady state leakage rate condition. Holding gasket materials under load and internal fluid pressure until steady state is achieved is required to obtain reproducible results.
5.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such as swelling, in the gasket material, it may affect results and diminish repeatability.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a means of evaluating the sealing properties of sheet, composite, and solid form-in-place gasket materials (see Classification F104 or F868) at room temperature, and may be used for fluid (gas or liquid) leak rate measurements. It utilizes relatively short hold times and is not intended to predict long-term performance in application.
1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the sealing characteristics of a gasket material under different press loads by measuring the leakage rate. This test method may be used as an acceptance test when the producer and user have agreed to specific test conditions for the following parameters: (1) test medium, (2) internal pressure of the medium, (3) press load on the gasket specimen, and (4) the surface finish of the platens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
6 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
21.140
F03

ASTM F145-72(2023)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Flat-Faced Gasketed Joint Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.
4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
21.140
F03

ASTM F336-02(2023)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Nonmetallic Enveloped Gaskets for Corrosive Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The gaskets covered by this practice can be used on, but are not limited to, equipment constructed of the following materials: (a) stoneware, (b) glass and glass-lined, (c) tantalum (solid and lined), (d) titanium (solid and lined or clad), (e) zirconium (solid and lined or clad), (f) silver (solid and lined), and (g) nickel and nickel alloys (solid and clad).
3.2 The gaskets provided for herein are for the following: (a) pipe flanges (flat or raised face), (b) vessel nozzles, (c) circular openings in vessels in excess of 12 in. (305 mm) diameter, and (d) oval openings in vessels.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the designs, sizes, classifications, and construction of enveloped gaskets for severe corrosive applications. The envelope serves as the corrosion resistant member of the composite gasket and is a nonmetallic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, or related materials. The inserts are nonmetallic gasketing materials with or without metal reinforcement. Other types of composite gaskets are covered in Classification F868.
1.2 This standard is based directly upon ANSI B16.21–2011; for that reason units are as ANSI stated in inches.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
4 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2023
21.140
F03

ASTM C1635-22(Test Method)

Standard Test Method to Evaluate Adhesion/Cohesion Properties of a Sealant at Fixed Extension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In any sealant application, the sealant must be capable of maintaining an adhesive bond to the substrate when held in strain for its intended service life.
5.2 This test method is an indicator of a sealant’s ability to adhere under strain to a given substrate.
5.3 The default test strain is the movement ability (Class in accordance with Specification C920) of the sealant as designated by the manufacturer. The default joint configuration is 12.7 mm by 12.7 mm by 50.8 mm (1/2 in. by 1/2 in. by 2 in.). Other strains and joint configurations may be used and reported as noted in Section 8 and Table 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for measuring the adhesion/cohesion properties of a sealant when subjected to tensile loads resulting from an applied specified strain. The adhesion/cohesion properties are evaluated before, during, and after water immersion.
1.2 This test method examines the adhesive and cohesive performance of a sealant on a specified substrate at a strain equivalent to a multiple of the strain/movement capability (Class in accordance with Specification C920) designated by the manufacturer for the given sealant in accordance with Specification C920.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Comparable Tests—Other comparable tests are ISO 10590 and 8340.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
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Standard
3 pages
English language
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31-May-2022
21.140
C24

ASTM G206-17(2021)e1(Guide)

Standard Guide for Measuring the Wear Volumes of Piston Ring Segments Run against Flat Coupons in Reciprocating Wear Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The practical life of an internal combustion engine is most often determined by monitoring its oil consumption. Excessive oil consumption is cause for engine repair or replacement and can be symptomatic of excessive wear of the piston ring or the cylinder bore or both. More wear-resistant materials of construction can extend engine life and reduce cost of operation. Although components made from more wear-resistant materials can be tested in actual operating engines, such tests tend to be expensive and time consuming, and they often lead to variable results because of the difficulty in controlling the operating environment. Although bench-scale tests do not simulate every aspect of a fired engine, they are used for cost-effective initial screening of candidate materials and lubricants. The test parameters for those tests are selected by the investigator, but the end result is a pair of worn specimens whose degree of wear needs to be accurately measured. The use of curved specimens, like segments of crowned piston rings, presents challenges for precise wear measurement. Weight loss or linear measurements of lengths and widths of wear scars may not provide sufficient accuracy to discriminate between small differences in wear. This guide is intended to address that problem.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a profiling method for use accurately measuring the wear loss of compound-curved (crowned) piston ring specimens that run against flat counterfaces. It does not assume that the wear scars are ideally flat, as do some alternative measurement methods. Laboratory-scale wear tests have been used to evaluate the wear of materials, coatings, and surface treatments that are candidates for piston rings and cylinder liners in diesel engines or spark ignition engines. Various loads, temperatures, speeds, lubricants, and durations are used for such tests, but some of them use a curved piston ring segment as one sliding partner and a flat or curved specimen (simulating the cylinder liner) as its counterface. The goal of this guide is to provide more accurate wear measurements than alternative approaches involving weight loss or simply measuring the length and width of the wear marks.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Guide
5 pages
English language
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31-Oct-2021
21.140
G02

ASTM A1045-10(2021)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gaskets Used in Connection of Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures to Sanitary Drainage Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material and performance requirements for plasticized PVC compression gaskets used in the connection of residential and commercial vitreous china plumbing fixtures to 2-, 3-, and 4-in. sanitary drain lines. These type gaskets are inserted into and compress against the inside diameter of the sewer pipe, closet or urinal flange while attaching to the vitreous china plumbing fixture with a flexible adhesive. The result is a gas- and watertight seal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
5 pages
English language
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30-Sep-2021
21.140
91.140.70
A04

ASTM C1461-21(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Systems for Above and Below Ground Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance of shielded transition couplings using flexible PVC gaskets to join dissimilar DWV pipe and fittings above and below ground. The gaskets shall be permitted to be spliced or molded. The elastomeric gasket shall be free from imperfections and porosity that affects its use and serviceability. Clamps assembly screws or bolts shall not have screw-driver slots. Each coupling shall undergo deflection test, shear test, and unrestrained hydrostatic joint test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the properties of devices or assemblies suitable for use as mechanical couplings using thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) gaskets, hereinafter referred to as couplings, for joining drain, waste, and vent (DWV), sewer, sanitary, and storm plumbing systems for above and below ground use.
1.2 The pipe to be joined shall be of similar or dissimilar materials or size, or both.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The ASTM standards referenced herein shall be considered mandatory.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
4 pages
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Technical specification
4 pages
English language
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31-Aug-2021
21.140
A04

ASTM C1440-21(Specification)

Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket Materials for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) gasket materials for preformed elastomeric gaskets used in shielded and non-shielded mechanical couplings for gravity flow drain, waste, and vent (DWV), sewer, sanitary, and storm plumbing systems. Couplings include those that join similar and dissimilar piping sizes and materials. Gaskets shall be made of virgin thermoplastic elastomeric compound containing only clean reworked thermoplastic elastomer material. Gasket materials shall conform to specified values of the following physical requirements: hardness, elongation, tensile strength, heat aging, tear strength, water absorption, ozone resistance, compression set, oil immersion in IRM 903 oil, and stretch test for spliced gaskets.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) gasket materials for preformed elastomeric gaskets used in shielded and non-shielded mechanical couplings. These couplings are used in gravity flow drain, waste, and vent (DWV), sewer, sanitary, and storm plumbing systems. They include couplings to join similar and dissimilar piping sizes and material.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
3 pages
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Technical specification
3 pages
English language
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31-Aug-2021
21.140
A04

ASTM C1166-21(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flame Propagation of Dense and Cellular Elastomeric Gaskets and Accessories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to differentiate the flame propagation characteristics of dense or cellular elastomeric compounds used in gaskets, setting blocks, shims, or spacers. It is a small scale test which enables the specifier to exercise engineering judgment in the selection of materials.
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to a specific laboratory fire test exposure condition. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it may not be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the performance characteristics. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure condition described in this test method.
5.3 If the results obtained by this test method are to be considered in the total assessment of fire risk, then all pertinent established criteria for fire risk assessment developed by ASTM Committee E-5 must be included in the consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining flame propagation characteristics of a dense or cellular elastomeric gasket (such as expansion, lock-strip or compression gasket) or an accessory (such as a setting block, spacer or shim) when exposed to heat and flame, with no significance being attached to such matters as fuel contribution, rate of flame spread, smoke developed, or the nature and temperature of the products of combustion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
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Standard
3 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2021
21.140
C24

ASTM F3149-15(2021)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining the Maintenance Factor (m) and Yield Factor (y) Loading Constants Applicable to Gasket Materials and Designs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The gasket factors are a function of leak rate; therefore, this practice generates curves. Constants for use in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Appendix 2 code calculations are selected from these data. Specific m and y values can be selected based on a maximum desired leak rate or derived from these data as described in this procedure. This practice addresses the influence of leak rate and gasket thickness on a gasket’s ability to provide a seal initially and in operation. This practice is performed at room temperature; therefore, this practice does not account for all conditions, such as high temperature or thermal cycling or both, that bolted flange connections may be subject to in field application.
4.2 This practice determines two general characteristics that are specific to the ASME design criteria. Caution should be exercised when comparing yield and maintenance factors between gasket materials, and it is recommended that the m and y curves be compared. Selecting a gasket material for use in an application should not be based exclusively on these two general characteristics. Gasket material selection for a given application should consider additional information not described in this practice, which includes, but is not limited to, chemical resistance, thermal resistance, creep relaxation, compressibility, and accommodation of thermal cycling.
4.3 This practice builds upon work conducted in the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA G 605:11). The associated round robin data is provided for reference in Tables 1-4.   (A) BDL = below detection limit.  (A) BDL = below detection limit.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice will establish criteria for determining loading constants that are referenced in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel design (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Divs. 1 and 2). These constants are specific to this design criterion for metallic, semi-metallic, and nonmetallic gaskets.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
7 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2021
21.140
F03

ASTM F36-15(2021)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. The test shall be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a required temperature. The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
4 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2021
21.140
F03

ASTM E2342/E2342M-10(2020)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Durability Testing of Duct Sealants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Residential duct systems are often field designed and assembled. There are many joints, often of dissimilar materials that require both mechanical connection and air sealing. Without this sealing, duct systems would be extremely leaky and hence inefficient. While some duct sealants are rated on their properties at the time of manufacture or during storage, none of these ratings adequately addresses the in-service lifetime. This test method has been developed to address this durability issue.
5.2 This standard applies to products which list duct sealing as one of their uses. This includes duct tape (cloth, metal foil, or plastic backed), mastics, and sprayed/aerosol sealants. It does not apply to caulks or plaster patches that are not intended to be permanent duct sealing methods.
5.3 The standard duct leak site is a collar to plenum connection for round duct that is 10 cm to 20 cm [4 in. to 8 in.] in diameter. This perpendicular connection was chosen because almost all residential duct systems have this type of connection and in field observations of duct systems, it is often this type of connection that has sealant failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an accelerated aging test for evaluating the durability of duct sealants by exposure to temperatures and static pressures characteristic of residential duct systems.
1.2 This test method is intended to produce a relative measure of the durability of duct sealants. This standard does not measure durability under specific conditions of weather and building operation that might be experienced by an individual building and duct system. Instead it evaluates the sealant method under fixed conditions that do not include the manifold effects of installation practice.
1.3 This test method only addresses sealants not mechanical strength of the connections.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
5 pages
English language
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31-Aug-2020
21.140
E06

ASTM F1466-20(Specification)

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the property requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. The two alloys covered here are UNS K94630 that contains nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, and UNS K94620 that contains nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron. When tested, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, tensile strength, hardness, inclusion content, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No. K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with alumina ceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to both alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
6 pages
English language
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Technical specification
6 pages
English language
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31-Aug-2020
21.140
77.080.10
F01

ASTM F140-98(2020)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The term “reference” as employed in this practice implies that either the glass or the metal of the reference glass-metal seal will be a “standard reference material” such as those supplied for other physical tests by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), or a secondary reference material whose sealing characteristics have been determined by seals to a standard reference material (see NIST SP 260). Until standard reference materials for seals are established by the NIST, secondary reference materials may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and testing of reference glass-metal butt seals of two general configurations, one applicable to determining stress in the glass and the other applicable to determining the degree of mismatch of thermal expansion (or contraction). Tests are in accordance with Test Method F218, Subsection 1.1.
1.2 This practice applies to all glass and metal (or alloy) combinations normally sealed together in the production of electronic components. It should not be attempted with glass-metal combinations having widely divergent thermal expansion (or contraction) properties.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
7 pages
English language
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31-Jul-2020
21.140
C14

ASTM F2716-08(2020)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Comparison of Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets in High Pressure Saturated Steam

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice may be used to evaluate Classification F104 gasket materials using saturated steam and standard ASME RF (raised face) flanges. This practice is intended for use as quality control or material comparison tool and should not be used to predict performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means of comparing various nonmetallic flat gasket materials, Classification F104, in saturated steam service under controlled conditions. While the practice is designed primarily for flat gaskets, it also can be applied to various form-in-place gasket materials upon modification. The practice may be used for quality control or material comparison purposes as agreed upon between producer and user. This practice is consistent with Fluid Sealing Association test method, FSA-NMG-204-02, with regard to fixtures used and procedure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
6 pages
English language
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31-Dec-2019
21.140
F03

ASTM F144-80(2019)(Practice)

Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The term “reference” as employed in this practice implies that either the glass or the metal of the reference glass-metal seal will be a “standard reference material” such as those supplied for other physical tests by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or a secondary reference material whose sealing characteristics have been determined by seals to a standard reference material (see NBS Special Publication 260). Until standard reference materials for seals are established by the NIST, secondary reference materials may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and testing of a reference glass-metal sandwich seal for determining stress in the glass or for determining the degree of thermal expansion (or contraction) mismatch between the glass and metal. Tests are in accordance with Test Method F218 (Section 2).
1.2 This practice applies to all glass and metal (or alloy) combinations normally sealed together in the production of electronic components.
1.3 The practical limit of the test in deriving mismatch is approximately 300 ppm, above which the glass is likely to fracture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
6 pages
English language
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31-Oct-2019
21.140
C14

ASTM F105-72(2019)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Type 58 Borosilicate Sealing Glass

ABSTRACT
This specification covers type 58 borosilicate sealing glass for use in electronic applications. The glass material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed. The material shall conform to the physical and electrical properties prescribed. The glass shall have a finish that ensures smooth, even surfaces and freedom from cracks, checks, bubbles, and other flaws of a character detrimental to the strength or life of the component or device for which its use is intended. The softening point and annealing point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass material shall be determined using the required procedure. The contracting coefficient of the glass material shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The thermal contraction match between the glass and a sealing alloy may be determined by preparing and testing an assembly to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Type 58 borosilicate sealing glass for use in electronic applications.
Note 1: This specification is primarily intended to consider glass as most generally used, that is, glass in its transparent form as normally encountered in fabricating electronic devices. X1.3 refers to a sealing alloy that is compatible with this glass. Type 58 glass in other forms such as powdered, crushed, sintered, fibrous, etc., are excluded. The requirements of this specification, as applied to these forms, must be established in the raw glass prior to its conversion.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
3 pages
English language
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31-Oct-2019
21.140
C14

ASTM F79-69(2019)(Specification)

Standard Specification for Type 101 Sealing Glass

ABSTRACT
This specification covers Type 101 sealing glass for use in electronic applications. The glass shall have a finish that ensures smooth, even surfaces and freedom from cracks, checks, bubbles, and other laws of a character detrimental to the strength or life of the component or device for which its use is intended. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the sealing glass: softening point, annealing point, thermal expansion coefficient, contraction coefficient, and bead seal.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Type 101 sealing glass for use in electronic applications.
Note 1: This specification is primarily intended to consider glass as most generally used, this is, glass in its transparent form as normally encountered in fabricating electronic devices. X1.3 lists sealing metals and alloys that are compatible with this glass. Type 101 glass in other forms such as powdered, crushed, sintered, fibrous, etc. are excluded. The requirements of this specification, as applied to these forms, must be established in the raw glass prior to its conversion.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Technical specification
3 pages
English language
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31-Oct-2019
21.140
C14

ASTM F112-00(2019)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sealability of Enveloped Gaskets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to evaluate all types of enveloped gaskets under controlled conditions with respect to leakage and to provide measurable leakage rates.
4.2 Determining torque required to seal a given gasket is also part of this test method. By converting the torque at sealing to total bolt load, useful design information may be obtained for other standard and nonstandard openings.
4.3 This test method may be used as an incoming quality control test to evaluate similar gaskets from different suppliers. This test method may also be used as a quality control test when parameters are agreed upon between the producer and the user.
4.4 Leakage through the gasket or over the gasket, or both, is determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the sealing properties of enveloped gaskets for use with corrosion-resistant process equipment.2 Enveloped gaskets are described as gaskets having some corrosion-resistant covering over the internal area normally exposed to the corrosive environment. The shield material may be plastic (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) or metal (such as tantalum). A resilient conformable filler is usually used inside the envelope. The design and construction of nonmetallic gaskets is covered in Practice F336.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
4 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2019
21.140
F03

ASTM F495-99a(2019)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Weight Loss of Gasket Materials Upon Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Weight loss represents the amount of combustibles and volatiles of the material at various temperatures between 315°C (600°F) and 815°C (1499°F). This procedure should not be used to determine percent of binder content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of gasket material weight loss upon exposure to elevated temperatures.
1.2 This test method may include hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
2 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2019
21.140
23.100.60
F03

ASTM F363-99(2018)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Gaskets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to compare all types of gaskets under simulated field operating conditions. Performance of a gasket can thus be measured prior to the start-up of chemical processes.5 The design of the test unit provides maximum range of corrosion resistance so that meaningful results are possible. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of gaskets under corrosive conditions at varying temperature and pressure levels. The test unit may be glass lined if the flanges are sufficiently plane (industry accepted), thus providing resistance to all chemicals, except hydrofluoric acid, from cryogenic temperatures to 260°C (500°F) at pressures from full vacuum to the allowable pressure rating of the unit, or made of other suitable material. The test unit described (Fig. 1) has an internal design pressure rating of 1034 kPa (150 psi) at 260°C (500°F).
FIG. 1 Test Unit
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 5.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
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31-Jul-2018
21.140
23.100.60
F03

ASTM F2837-11(2018)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hot Compression Properties of Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hot compression properties of a gasket material, including creep resistance and compression set, are a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part; on the assumption that if a material exhibits too much creep at elevated temperature that it will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide; however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their hot compression properties. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes.
5.2 Samples are to be tested with a raised profile insert or calibration ring described in 6.3 and Fig. 1 so that the area (2042 mm2  (3.17 in.2)) remains constant during the test.
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Hot Compression
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a means of measuring the hot compression properties of a gasket material by measuring its creep under a constant load at both room temperature and while increasing the temperature. Short term creep properties including both cold and hot creep, total creep and compression set of a gasket material can be determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
5 pages
English language
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31-Jul-2018
21.140
F03

ASTM F204-76(2018)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Surface Flaws in Tungsten Seal Rod and Wire

ABSTRACT
This test method establishes the apparatuses to be used, specimen preparation methods, and standard procedures for determining the presence of surface flaws in tungsten-seal rods and wires of random or cut lengths, and in the tungsten section of multiple-piece-through leads used in electronic devices, by means of examination of a glass bead sealed to the tungsten.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the presence of surface flaws in tungsten-seal rod and wire of random or cut lengths, and in the tungsten section of multiple-piece-through leads used in electronic devices, by means of examination of a glass bead sealed to the tungsten.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
2 pages
English language
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28-Feb-2018
21.140
F01

Composition cork - Gasket material - Classification system, requirements, sampling, packaging and marking

ISO 4709:2017(Main)

ISO 4709 gives a classification system for composition cork intended to be used as gaskets in the mechanical industry. It provides a means for specifying or describing the relevant properties. Since not all properties that contribute to gasket performance are included, the use of this system is limited to the selection of materials in accordance with specified requirements.

Standard
7 pages
English language
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Standard
7 pages
French language
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02-Oct-2017
21.140
79.100
ISO/TC 87

Composition cork - Gasket material - Test methods

ISO 4708:2017(Main)

ISO 4708:2017 specifies test methods to determine the characteristics of agglomerated composition cork and rubbercork to be used as gaskets in the mechanical industry. The following characteristics are considered: - thickness, - apparent density, - tensile strength, - compressibility and recovery, - flexibility, - resistance to boiling water, - behaviour in fluids.

Standard
8 pages
English language
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Standard
8 pages
French language
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25-Sep-2017
21.140
79.100
ISO/TC 87

ASTM F806-99a(2017)(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Laminated Composite Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to compare related laminated composite gasket materials under controlled conditions and their short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature. It measures compressibility with a matched pair of opposing upper and lower penetrators which provide better precision and bias than methods using an upper penetrator and a lower anvil. It is difficult to prepare undistorted test specimens from laminated composite gasket materials which will lay flat on an anvil. Also, with many composites having rigid inner layers the load on the upper penetrator is distributed over the bottom anvil area resulting in a lower than actual compressibility reading. This test method may be used as a routine test method when agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
3 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2017
21.140
F03

ASTM F868-17(Classification)

Standard Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between producers and users; to guide engineers and designers in the use, construction, and properties of commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial laminate composite gasket materials (LCGM). These structures are composed of two or more chemically different layers of material. These materials may be organic or inorganic, or combinations with various binders or impregnants. Gasket coatings are not covered since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings, or as separate specifications. Commercial materials designated as enveloped gaskets are excluded from this classification; they are covered in Practice F336. This classification system does not cover multilayer steel (MLS) gaskets currently used for some automotive exhaust and head gaskets. MLS gaskets are classified under Classification F2325.
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of this classification as a basis for selecting LCGM is limited.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard
4 pages
English language
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Standard
4 pages
English language
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30-Apr-2017
21.140
F03

ASTM F1315-17(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Density of a Sheet Gasket Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density is an important property of a gasket material, since it has an inverse relationship to the void volume of the material. Density is often used in a specification, since relationships to sealability, compressibility, creep relaxation, and tensile strength can be found for a given gasket grade.
4.2 Density is a measurement of the mass to the volume ratio and therefore easily determined with a weight scale and thickness measuring device. This test method requires from 1 h to two days of sample conditioning, which is necessary to achieve a high level of precision, but which detracts from its usefulness as a production test method. Where it must be modified for manufacturing control, it is recommended that thickness and weight measurement methods be adhered to strictly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard
2 pages
English language
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Standard
2 pages
English language
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31-Jan-2017
21.140
F03

Centrifugal pumps - Test procedure for seal packings

EN 16752:2015(Main)

SIST EN 16752:2015

This European Standard gives details of a test procedure for packings to be used to seal the stuffing boxes of centrifugal pumps. It gives provisions on the design of test equipment, standard test parameters and reporting criteria. It does not specify performance criteria which should be agreed between supplier and customer, but does define 3 tightness classes.
When necessary, this European Standard is also applicable to packings used on other rotary equipment such as mixers and agitators.

Standard
15 pages
English language
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1 day

08-Sep-2015
30-Mar-2016
21.140
23.080
CEN/TC 197

Centrifugal pumps - Test procedure for seal packings

SIST EN 16752:2015(Main)

EN 16752:2015

Standard
15 pages
English language
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1 day

19-Oct-2014
18-Oct-2015
21.140
23.080
I13

Pumps - Shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps (ISO 21049:2004)

EN ISO 21049:2004(Main)

SIST EN ISO 21049:2005

ISO 21049:2004 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the petroleum, natural gas and chemical industries. It is applicable mainly for hazardous, flammable and/or toxic services where a greater degree of reliability is required for the improvement of equipment availability and the reduction of both emissions to the atmosphere and life-cycle sealing costs. It covers seals for pump shaft diameters from 20 mm (0,75 in) to 110 mm (4,3 in).
ISO 21049:2004 is also applicable to seal spare parts and can be referred to for the upgrading of existing equipment. A classification system for the seal configurations covered by ISO 21049:2004 into categories, types, arrangements and orientations is provided.

Standard
197 pages
English language
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21-Dec-2004
29-Jun-2005
21.140
23.080
CEN/TC 12

SIST EN ISO 21049:2005(Main)

Pumps - Shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps (ISO 21049:2004)

EN ISO 21049:2004

Standard
197 pages
English language
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31-Mar-2005
21.140
23.080
SS SPL

Mechanical seals - Principal dimensions, designation and material codes

EN 12756:2000(Main)

SIST EN 12756:2001

This European Standard defines the principal dimensions for the internal installation of single and multiple mechanical seals with (rotating) spring units into the pump sealing cavity according to ISO 3069 as minimum cavity dimensions as typical for centrifugal pumps in accordance with EN 22858 and EN 733. It also gives the seal designations and material codes to be used.

Standard
11 pages
English language
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1 day

12-Dec-2000
01-Jul-2001
21.140
CEN/TC 197

Mechanical seals - Principal dimensions, designation and material codes

SIST EN 12756:2001(Main)

EN 12756:2000

Standard
11 pages
English language
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31-May-2001
21.140
SS SPL

Biotechnology - Performance criteria for shaft seals

SIST EN 12690:1999(Main)

EN 12690:1999

This European Standard specifies performance criteria for shaft seals in equipment used in biotechnological processes with respect to the potential risks of microorganisms in use for the worker or the environment.

Standard
15 pages
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SIST EN ISO 9222-2:1998(Main)

Technical drawings - Seals of dynamic application - Part 2: Detailed simplified representation (ISO 9222-2:1989)

EN ISO 9222-2:1994

In contrast to the general simplified representation of part 1, this method shows more details of a seal, for example the configuration of lips. It should also be used when it is not necessary to show the exact shape and details of the seals, for example in assembly drawings. Elements and examples of this representation mode are given in tables and figures.

Standard
14 pages
English language
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1 day

30-Apr-1998
01.100.20
21.140
TRS

SIST EN ISO 9222-1:1998(Main)

Technical drawings - Seals for dynamic application - Part 1: General simplified representation (ISO 9222-1:1989)

EN ISO 9222-1:1995

This method indicates only essential features ans should be used when it is not necessary to show the exact shape and details of the seals, for example in assembly drawings. The degree of simplification depends on the kind of object represented, the scale of the drawing and the purpose of documentation. ISO 9222-2 deals with the detailed simplified representation.

Standard
4 pages
English language
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1 day

30-Apr-1998
01.100.20
21.140
TRS

Sealing materials for metallic threaded joints in contact with 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases and hot water - Part 2: Non-hardening jointing compounds

EN 751-2:1996(Main)

SIST EN 751-2:1997

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for non-hardening sealing materials (hereafter referred to as jointing compounds) suitable for sealing threaded metallic joints such as those specified in ISO 7-1. These jointing compounds are for use in contact with 1st family gases (town gas), 2nd family gases (natural gas) and 3rd family gases (liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) not including LPG in the liquid form) and hot water of heating systems (Class A), in gas appliances and their auxiliary equipment (Class B) as well as in LPG storage (Class C) according to table 1. Anaerobic jointing compounds are covered by EN 751-1, non-hardening sealing materials in the form of PTFE-tapes are covered by EN 751-3.

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Sealing materials for metallic threaded joints in contact with 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases and hot water - Part 1: Anaerobic jointing compounds

EN 751-1:1996(Main)

SIST EN 751-1:1997

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for anaerobic jointing compounds (hereafter referred to as "jointing compounds") suitable for sealing threaded metallic joints such as those specified in ISO 7-1. These jointing compounds are for use in contact with 1st family gases (town gas), 2nd family gases (natural gas) and 3rd family gases (liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) not including LPG in the liquid form) and hot water of heating systems. [The scope of the complete standard includes a table.]

Standard
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Technical drawings - Seals for dynamic application - Part 1: General simplified representation (ISO 9222-1:1989)

EN ISO 9222-1:1995(Main)

SIST EN ISO 9222-1:1998

Standard
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12-Feb-1995
30-Aug-1995
01.100.20
21.140
CEN/SS F01

Technical drawings - Seals of dynamic application - Part 2: Detailed simplified representation (ISO 9222-2:1989)

EN ISO 9222-2:1994(Main)

SIST EN ISO 9222-2:1998

Standard
14 pages
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30-Oct-1994
29-Apr-1995
01.100.20
21.140
CEN/SS F01

Technical drawings - Seals for dynamic application - Part 2: Detailed simplified representation

ISO 9222-2:1989(Main)

SIST ISO 9222-2:1995

Standard
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Standard
12 pages
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12 pages
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Technical drawings - Seals for dynamic application - Part 1: General simplified representation

ISO 9222-1:1989(Main)

SIST ISO 9222-1:1995

Standard
5 pages
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Standard
2 pages
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Pumps - Specification for Gland Packings manufactured from Yarns and Ribbons

prEN 18183(Main)

oSIST prEN 18183:2025

This document provides a method of describing the materials, impregnates and lubricants for various types of yarn and ribbon based packings intended for use as gland seals in mechanical equipment such as pumps, mixers, etc. It does not include similar products intended for other duties such as thermal insulation.
Guidance is also given regarding dimensional and physical quality aspects of the packings and requirements for packaging and marking.
Tests are specified for the determination of lubricant content, size and mass.
NOTE 1 The information supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and/or order is given in Annex B.
NOTE 2 All packings are free from introduced asbestos fibres in conformance with Annex XVII of REACH.

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oSIST prEN 18183:2025(Main)

Pumps - Specification for Gland Packings manufactured from Yarns and Ribbons

prEN 18183

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17 pages
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29-Jun-2025
21.140
23.080
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