23.100.60 - Filters, seals and contamination of fluids
ICS 23.100.60 Details
Filters, seals and contamination of fluids
Filter. Dichtungen. Kontamination von Fluiden
Filtres, dispositifs d'étanchéité et contamination des fluides
Filtri, tesnila in onesnaževanje tekočin
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 23.100.60 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Filters, seals and contamination of fluids". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 246 standards classified under ICS 23.100.60 (Filters, seals and contamination of fluids). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
e-Library Subscription
Create subscription and get permanent access to documents within 23.100.60 - Filters, seals and contamination of fluids
Currently subscription includes documents marked with .We are working on making all documents available within the subscription.
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
This document specifies acceptable methods for determining the level of particulate contamination in a known volume of fluid used in power systems by counting the number of particles captured on the surface of a filter membrane using an optical microscope. It includes accepted methods of particle counting utilising image analysis software or manual counting. The aim of this document is to regulate a uniform, non-subjective filter membrane method of particle counting that will ensure that the classification standard result is achieved by analysing, where feasible, the entire effective filtration area (EFA) of the filter membrane. The resolution and accuracy of the results will be dependent upon the optical system used, whether image capture analysis software is used, and when opting for the manual counting method, the capabilities of the operator. All fluids that can be successfully vacuumed through the appropriate pore sized filter membrane will be able to use the following 2 methods of membrane filter analysis: - Automated counting (see Annex A): automated detection, size classification and counting of particles on a membrane filter by using an optical microscope and image analysing software. - Manual counting (see Annex B): manual detection, size classification and counting of particles on a membrane filter using an optical microscope.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the housing dimensions for class A O-rings for general industrial applications conforming to ISO 3601-1, as well as housing dimensions for class B O-rings used on selected metric-dimensioned hardware, e.g. fluid power cylinder bores and piston rods. These O-rings are for use in general hydraulic and pneumatic applications without and with anti-extrusion rings (back-up rings). The dimensions of the O-rings (d1 and d2), size codes (SC) and tolerances conform to ISO 3601-1. This document also addresses different design approaches in industry, and this is reflected in the table structures for hardware dimensions. Using the O-ring as a starting point to design the optimal hardware dimensions is reflected in REF Table_tab_3 \r \h Tables 3 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0033000000 , REF Table_tab_5 \r \h 5 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0035000000 , and REF Table_tab_8 \r \h 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0038000000 . Using fixed hardware dimensions (i.e. bore/rod) and choosing the most appropriate O-ring to fit is reflected in REF Table_tab_4 \r \h Tables 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0034000000 and REF Table_tab_6 \r \h 6 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0036000000 . Housing dimensions for the O-rings intended for aerospace applications that are specified in ISO 3601-1 are addressed in REF Annex_sec_A \r \h Annex A 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C00000041006E006E00650078005F007300650063005F0041000000 . NOTE 1 It is expected that O-ring housing dimensions for special applications be agreed upon between the O-ring manufacturer and the user. NOTE 2 The term “housing”, in this document, is used to describe the groove or cavity, into which the O-ring is fitted, and the mating surface, which between them confine the O-ring.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods and techniques that are applicable to the monitoring of particulate contamination levels in hydraulic systems that cannot be calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. It also describes the relative merits of various techniques, so that the correct monitor for a given application can be selected. The techniques described in this document are suitable for monitoring: a) the general cleanliness level in hydraulic systems; b) the progress in flushing operations; c) support equipment and test rigs. This document can also be applicable for other liquids (e.g. lubricants, fuels and process liquids). NOTE Instruments used to monitor particulate contamination that cannot be calibrated according to ISO 11171 are not considered as or claimed to be particle counters, even if they use the same physical principles as particle counters
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This specification details a test method for static O-ring seals in elastomeric materials which are subject to pressurized gas media at low temperatures. It gives guidance on the design of test equipment, standard test parameters, and reporting criteria. It does not specify performance criteria that should be agreed upon between supplier and customer. The test procedure may be used to test seals of alternate size and design or using alternative media but such deviations shall be detailed separately on the report form and the results shall not be used to determine the minimum operating temperature of seals of any other configuration than that tested.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for verifying the rated fatigue life and the rated static burst pressure of the pressure-containing envelope (i.e. the filter housing) of a spin-on hydraulic filter with a disposable filter element and a finite life.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document shows how to use the normative mathematical formulae and tools of ISO 11171. Examples are used to demonstrate their use for calibrating automatic particle counters (APCs).
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the gravimetric method for determining the contamination level of fluids used in hydraulic fluid power systems.
The working instructions provided in this document serve for the gravimetric determination of dirt content of pressure fluids from mineral oil with additives. They are used in hydraulic systems with hydrostatic drive.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 3668:2017 specifies a procedure for evaluating differential pressure versus flow characteristics of hydraulic filters and constitutes a basis for agreement between the filter manufacturer and user.
It also specifies a method for measurement of the differential pressure generated at different flow rates and viscosities by the relevant parts of a filter assembly, spin-on and any valves contained within the filter which are in the flow stream. The typical types of filter to be tested are as follows:
Type 1: which are spin-on filters in which the replaceable unit does not include a filter head (it might or might not include the element by-pass valve);
Type 2: which are spin-on filters in which the replaceable element is tested together with a filter head (it might or might not include the element by-pass valve);
Type 3: which are filter assembly, usually of the replacement element type, that is the housing (head and bowl) and element.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the following:
a) primary particle-sizing calibration for particle sizes 1 µm(c) and larger, sensor resolution and counting performance of liquid automatic particle counters that are capable of analysing bottle samples;
b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC;
c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits;
d) verifying particle sensor performance using a test dust;
e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits.
This document is applicable for use with hydraulic fluids, aviation and diesel fuels, engine oil and other petroleum-based fluids. This document is not applicable to particle-sizing calibration using NIST SRM 2806b primary calibration suspensions.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 5782-1:2017 specifies which characteristics of compressed air filters are to be included in the supplier's literature.
It also specifies product-marking requirements.
ISO 5782-1:2017 is applicable to compressed air filters, constructed from light alloys (aluminium, etc.), zinc diecast alloys, brass, steel and plastic, with a rated pressure of up to 1 600 kPa (16 bar) and a maximum temperature of 80 °C, designed to remove solid and liquid contaminants from compressed air by mechanical means
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a bubble-point test method applicable to filter elements used in hydraulic fluid power systems. It can be used both to verify the fabrication integrity of a filter element (by checking the absence of bubbles) and to permit the localization of the largest pore of the filter element by determining the first bubble point.
NOTE Verification of fabrication integrity is used to define the acceptability of the filter elements for further use or testing.
The first bubble point is established through continuation of the fabrication integrity test. It is under no circumstances a functional characteristic of a filter element; in particular, it cannot be used to estimate filtration rating, efficiency or retention capacity and is intended to be used for information only.
This document specifies a method to normalise fabrication integrity and bubble point data to a standard value of surface tension when test fluids other than 2-propanol are used.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an automatic particle counting procedure for determining the number and sizes of particles present in hydraulic-fluid bottle samples of clear, homogeneous, single-phase liquids using an automatic particle counter (APC) that works on the light-extinction principle. This document is applicable to the monitoring of: a) the cleanliness level of fluids circulating in hydraulic systems; b) the progress of a flushing operation; c) the cleanliness level of support equipment and test rigs; d) the cleanliness level of packaged stock fluid. NOTE Measurements can be made with particles suspended in the original liquid or in a sample of the liquid diluted with a compatible liquid when APC coincidence error limits are exceeded.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies: a) A multi-pass filtration performance test under cyclic flow conditions with continuous contaminant injection for hydraulic fluid power filter elements. b) A procedure for determining the contaminant capacity, particulate removal and differential pressure characteristics. c) A test currently applicable to hydraulic fluid power filter elements that exhibit an average filtration ratio greater than or equal to 75 for particle sizes ≤25 µm(c), and a final test system reservoir gravimetric level of less than 200 mg/L. It is necessary to determine by validation the range of flow rates and the lower particle size limit that can be used in test facilities. d) A test using ISO 12103‑1 A3 medium test dust contaminant and a test fluid. This document provides a test procedure that yields reproducible test data for appraising the filtration performance of a hydraulic fluid power filter element without influence of electrostatic charge. This document is applicable to three test conditions: - Base upstream gravimetric level of 3 mg/L; - Base upstream gravimetric level of 10 mg/L; - Base upstream gravimetric level of 15 mg/L.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of water-soluble extractables in membrane filters can create errors in test procedures employing membrane filters. However, these errors can be eliminated or significantly reduced if the quantity of water-soluble extractables of the specific membrane is previously determined. Certain membrane filter uses require specifications of maximum water-soluble extractable levels. This test method is intended to be a rapid test to determine the loss of water-soluble compounds such as plasticizers or wetting agents from filtration membranes. This test method is not designed to predetermine the performance of a filter, but is significant in determining the percent extractables of membranes from different sources and lot variations from a single source.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gravimetric determination of the water-extractable material present in membrane filters and is applicable over the complete concentration range of extractables.
1.2 The analyst should be aware that collaborative data for a bias statement as required by Practice D2777 is not provided. See Section 11 for details.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the gravimetric method for determining the contamination level of fluids used in hydraulic fluid power systems. The working instructions provided in this document serve for the gravimetric determination of dirt content of pressure fluids from mineral oil with additives. They are used in hydraulic systems with hydrostatic drive.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the following: a) primary particle-sizing calibration for particle sizes 1 µm(c) and larger, sensor resolution and counting performance of liquid automatic particle counters that are capable of analysing bottle samples; b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC; c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits; d) verifying particle sensor performance using a test dust; e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits. This document is applicable for use with hydraulic fluids, aviation and diesel fuels, engine oil and other petroleum-based fluids. This document is not applicable to particle-sizing calibration using NIST SRM 2806b primary calibration suspensions.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes methods for:
— validating equipment used to prepare secondary calibration suspensions for automatic particle counters;
— performing online secondary calibration of automatic particle counters;
— matching two or more online particle counters, i.e. to count the same number of particles at a given size by two APCs associated online;
— validating online particle counting systems with and without online dilution as used, for example, to measure the filtration efficiency of a hydraulic filter as described in the multi-pass filter test in ISO 16889.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard31 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid used in a given hydraulic fluid power system.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the following: - a multi-pass filtration performance test with continuous contaminant injection for hydraulic fluid power filter elements; NOTE 1 For the background interlaboratory study used to verify the test methodology, see Annex D. - a procedure for determining the contaminant capacity, particulate removal and differential pressure characteristics; - a test currently applicable to hydraulic fluid power filter elements that exhibit an average filtration ratio greater than or equal to 75 for particle sizes ≥ 25 µm(c), and a final reservoir gravimetric level of less than 200 mg/L; NOTE 2 It is necessary to determine by validation the range of flow rates and the lower particle size limit that can be used in test facilities. - a test using ISO medium test dust (ISO MTD) contaminant and a test fluid in accordance with Annex A. This document is intended to provide a test procedure that yields reproducible test data for appraising the filtration performance of a hydraulic fluid power filter element without influence of electrostatic charge. This document applies to three test conditions: - test condition 1, with a base upstream gravimetric level of 3 mg/L; - test condition 2, with a base upstream gravimetric level of 10 mg/L; - test condition 3, with a base upstream gravimetric level of 15 mg/L.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard44 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to provide machinery maintenance and monitoring personnel with a guideline for performing filter debris analysis as a means to determine machine condition. Correlating the filter contaminants to ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ lube system operation provides early indication of a contaminant or component wear related lube system problem. Analysis of the contaminant collected within the lube filter element provides a tool to identify the failure mode, its rate of progression, and the source of the contamination.
5.2 FDA differs from traditional oil analysis in that the filter is sampled instead of the fluid. Debris from the filter is removed for analysis. FDA is an effective means of monitoring equipment wear because the wear history is efficiently captured in the filter matrix. Typically, more than 95 % of all released metal particles larger than the filter pore size are captured in the filter (1).5 In addition, other types of particulate contamination, including seal wear material and environmental contaminations are captured, which can also provide diagnostic information.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide pertains to removal and analysis techniques to extract debris captured by in-service lubricant and hydraulic filters and to analyze the debris removed.
1.2 This guide suggests techniques to remove, collect and analyze debris from filters in support of machinery health condition monitoring.
1.3 Debris removal techniques range from manual to automated.
1.4 Analysis techniques vary from visual, particle counting, microscopic, x-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x-rays (SEMEDX).
1.5 This guide is suitable for use with the following filter types: screw on, metal mesh, and removable diagnostic layer filters.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides for the processing of liquid samples. It will provide the optimum sample processing for visual contamination methods such as Test Methods F312.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the processing of in-service fluids in preparation for particulate contamination analysis using membrane filters and is limited only by the liquid-to-membrane filter compatibility.
1.2 The practice covers the procedure for filtering a measured volume of liquid through a membrane filter. When this practice is used, the particulate matter will be randomly distributed on the filter surface for subsequent contamination analysis methods.
1.3 The practice describes procedures to allow handling particles in the size range between 2 µm and 1000 μm with minimum losses during handling.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes methods for: - validating equipment used to prepare secondary calibration suspensions for automatic particle counters; - performing online secondary calibration of automatic particle counters; - matching two or more online particle counters, i.e. to count the same number of particles at a given size by two APCs associated online; - validating online particle counting systems with and without online dilution as used, for example, to measure the filtration efficiency of a hydraulic filter as described in the multi-pass filter test in ISO 16889.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard31 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document describes a recommended method for the interpolation of particle concentration and filter Beta Ratio data when results are not otherwise available at the desired particle sizes. It is applicable for assessing conformance with existing fluid cleanliness and filter Beta Ratio specifications whereby the specification and actual test results are provided in different units of particle size, for example, the specification is in µm(c), but the particle counts or Beta Ratio data are in units of µm(b). This document is also applicable when particle sizes in specifications and available data use the same units of particle size, but do not correspond to exactly the same sizes, for example, when particle counts at 20 µm(c) are specified, but data was collected at 21 µm(c). This method allows interpolation to intermediate particle sizes within the range of existing data and does not permit extrapolation to particle sizes outside the range of available data.
- Technical report12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides the background for ISO 11171:2020 and the use of µm(c) as the sole means of reporting particle size for APC particle count data. It also summarizes results of the international inter-laboratory study (ILS) of its reproducibility using SRM 2806d candidate material and suspensions of Reference Material (RM) 8632a. The ILS results provided the basis for certification of SRM 2806d used for primary calibration of APC. Their implications with respect to particle counting and filter testing are discussed in this document.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid used in a given hydraulic fluid power system.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to cover the extraction, analysis, and information management pertaining to visible wear debris collected from oil system filters or debris retention screens. Further, it is intended that this practice be a practical reference for those involved in FDA.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This classification system is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methods commonly used for commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
3.2 This system is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket materials can be described in terms of specific physical and mechanical properties. This enables the user, or producer, to characterize a nonmetallic gasket based on properties that are important for the application.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system2 provides a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonmetallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork, cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combination with various binders or impregnants are included. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not included, since they are covered in Classification D2000. Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate specifications. Facing materials for laminate composite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F104. Assembled LCGMs are covered in Classification F868.
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of the classification system as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a minimum amount of thermal conductance. Test results should be correlated with field results in order to predict heat transfer properties in particular applications.
5.2 This practice may be used as a routine test when agreed upon by the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a means of measuring the amount of heat transfer quantitatively through a material or system.
1.2 This practice is similar to the Heat Flow Meter System of Test Method C518, but modified to accommodate small test samples of higher thermal conductance.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document explains the use of the two acceptable methods of reporting particle size, µm(c) and µm(b), that are defined in ISO 11171:2016. It also explains the reasons for the existence of two alternative size reporting methods and its implications with respect to particle count and filter Beta Ratio data.
- Technical report8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the particulate contamination level using the light extinction technique (also known as light blockage or light obscuration) either online or offline in containers. It also defines procedures for calibrating the instruments and verifying their correct operation both in the laboratory and in service. In general, the techniques described in this document are suitable for monitoring: - the general cleanliness level in hydraulic systems, - the progress in flushing operations, and - support equipment and test rigs. The use of this method is applicable to single-phase liquid systems only.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to measure the chemical cure of the binder used in the manufacture of cork compositions. The results of this test method can be used only as a guide for its intended service in elevated temperature and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determination of the binder durability of cork-containing materials.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to compare gasket materials under controlled conditions and to provide a precise measure of leakage rate.
4.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring leakage rates as high as 6 L/h and as low as 0.3 mL/h. In many cases, “zero” leakage may not be attainable.
4.3 These test methods evaluate leakage rates after time periods that are typically 5 to 30 min under load. Holding a gasket material under load for extended time periods may give different results.
4.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such as swelling, in the gasket material, then unpredictable results may be obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of evaluating the sealing properties of sheet and solid form-in-place gasket materials at room temperature. Test Method A is restricted to liquid leakage measurements, whereas Test Method B may be used for both liquid and gas leakage measurements.
1.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the sealing characteristics of a gasket material under different compressive flange loads. The test method may be used as an acceptance test when the producer and user have agreed to specific test conditions for the following parameters: test medium, internal pressure on medium, and flange load on gasket specimens.
1.3 These test methods use a small-diameter narrow-width gasket as the test specimen under relatively low gasket loads and relatively low pressures. Test Method F2378 is another sealability test method that uses a larger gasket specimen and higher internal pressures and flange loads.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific hazard or warning statements, or both, see 5.2.11, Section 6, 6.3, 8.2.4, 11.3.2, and 11.4.2.)
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Weight loss represents the amount of combustibles and volatiles of the material at various temperatures between 315°C (600°F) and 815°C (1499°F). This procedure should not be used to determine percent of binder content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of gasket material weight loss upon exposure to elevated temperatures.
1.2 This test method may include hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides terms such as megapascals or pounds-force per square inch of gasket surface for expressing the extent of adhesion applicable to all materials within the scope of Classification System F104. Under certain conditions, adhesion develops when gasket materials are confined in a compressed state between metal flanges. Adhesion is important as an index of ease of removal of a gasket material. Since other variables may enter into the performance in an application, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. A typical set of conditions is described in this test method. This test method may be used as an acceptance test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of determining the degree to which gasket materials under compressive load adhere to metal surfaces. The test conditions described are indicative of those frequently encountered in gasket applications. Test conditions may also be modified in accordance with the needs of specific applications as agreed upon between the user and the producer. The maximum temperature recommended for this test method is 205°C (400°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide a standardized procedure to measure the effect of immersion in specified fluids under definite conditions of time and temperature. The results of these test methods are not intended to give any direct correlation with service conditions in view of the wide variations in temperature and special uses encountered in gasket applications. The specific test fluids and test conditions outlined were selected as typical for purposes of comparing different materials and can be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the effect on physical properties of nonmetallic gasketing materials after immersion in test fluids. The types of materials covered are Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 7 as described in Classification F104. These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a procedure that is described in Test Method D471. It is designed for testing specimens cut from gasketing materials or from finished articles of commerce. These test methods may also be used as a pre-treatment for Multi-Layer Steel, MLS, or Metal Layer Gasket materials adhesion testing per Test Methods D3359. The pre-treatment of MLS or Metal Layer Gasket materials pertains only as a pre-cursor to the adhesion test. Other physical property tests described in this standard are not applicable to MLS or Metal Layer Gasket materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Refer to the current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and any precautionary labeling provided by the supplier of any materials referred to in these test methods.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a bubble-point test method applicable to filter elements used in hydraulic fluid power systems. It can be used both to verify the fabrication integrity of a filter element (by checking the absence of bubbles) and to permit the localization of the largest pore of the filter element by determining the first bubble point. NOTE Verification of fabrication integrity is used to define the acceptability of the filter elements for further use or testing. The first bubble point is established through continuation of the fabrication integrity test. It is under no circumstances a functional characteristic of a filter element; in particular, it cannot be used to estimate filtration rating, efficiency or retention capacity and is intended to be used for information only. This document specifies a method to normalise fabrication integrity and bubble point data to a standard value of surface tension when test fluids other than 2-propanol are used.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to compare all types of gaskets under simulated field operating conditions. Performance of a gasket can thus be measured prior to the start-up of chemical processes.5 The design of the test unit provides maximum range of corrosion resistance so that meaningful results are possible. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of gaskets under corrosive conditions at varying temperature and pressure levels. The test unit may be glass lined if the flanges are sufficiently plane (industry accepted), thus providing resistance to all chemicals, except hydrofluoric acid, from cryogenic temperatures to 260°C (500°F) at pressures from full vacuum to the allowable pressure rating of the unit, or made of other suitable material. The test unit described (Fig. 1) has an internal design pressure rating of 1034 kPa (150 psi) at 260°C (500°F).
FIG. 1 Test Unit
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 5.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. These test methods may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the consumer and the producer.
Note 1: Test Method B was developed using asbestos gasket materials and at issuance substantiating data were not available for other gasket materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gauge on a bolt.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 5782-1:2017 specifies which characteristics of compressed air filters are to be included in the supplier's literature. It also specifies product-marking requirements. ISO 5782-1:2017 is applicable to compressed air filters, constructed from light alloys (aluminium, etc.), zinc diecast alloys, brass, steel and plastic, with a rated pressure of up to 1 600 kPa (16 bar) and a maximum temperature of 80 °C, designed to remove solid and liquid contaminants from compressed air by mechanical means
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 18237:2017 specifies: - test equipment, test circuit and a procedure for the evaluation of the water separation capabilities of a dehydrator; - a procedure for preparing test fluid; - a procedure for obtaining and analysing the test fluid samples. ISO 18237:2017 applies only to those dehydration units that can dry a hydraulic fluid to less than 20 % of the hydraulic fluid's water saturation level at the test temperature. ISO 18237:2017 provides a test procedure that yields reproducible results for dehydrator water removal performance so that the performance of candidate units is compared on the same basis using the same test fluid. This procedure can be used to test the dehydrator's capabilities on different types of hydraulic fluids at different conditions. Parts of the procedure might need to be changed to suit the hydraulic fluid's characteristics. For example, the testing of hydraulic fluids with high water solubility (many synthetic and fire-resistant fluids) needs higher concentrations of water at the start of the test; the testing of hydraulic fluids with zinc-based additives needs modifications to the Karl Fischer analysis procedure. However, comparison of performance can be made under the conditions defined in ISO 18237:2017.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 12669 specifies a method of determining the required cleanliness level of a hydraulic system, that is, the most appropriate fluid cleanliness level for an operating hydraulic system based upon the individual requirements of that system. It is applicable to systems where the level of fluid cleanliness is expressed in accordance with ISO 4406, although conversion to other contamination coding systems is possible. It is applicable to both high and low pressure fluid power systems and also lubrication systems. It does not include the effects of soft deformable particles that can be generated by thermal decomposition of the hydraulic fluid.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 6149-4:2017 specifies dimensions and performance requirements for external hex and internal hex port plugs for use with ISO 6149‑1 ports.
Port plugs in accordance with this document can be used at working pressures up to 63 MPa (630 bar[1]). The permissible working pressure depends upon the plug end size, materials, design, working conditions, application, etc.
Conformance to the dimensional information in this document does not guarantee rated performance. Each manufacturer is expected to perform testing according to the specification contained in this document to assure that components comply with the performance ratings.
WARNING: The use of stud ends conforming to this document with ports conforming to the relevant parts of ISO 1179, ISO 9974 and ISO 11926 could lead to a hazardous situation.
[1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The load versus thickness properties of a gasket material are an important factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. Additionally, compression/load behavior data are a common request from users. The test allows comparison of materials at room temperature or elevated temperatures or both. Additionally, properties can be evaluated while loading and unloading the material at room temperature or elevated temperatures or both. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that, if a material exhibits too much compression at either room temperatures or elevated temperatures, it will no longer function as effectively as a seal. The results may be used in certain flange design methods to characterize properties for design such as finite element analysis (FEA). The results may be used to confirm adequate assembly loading based on measured gasket compression in the field. Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their compression properties. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material for quality assurance purposes.
5.2 If desired, samples may be tested with a raised profile flange, insert, or calibration ring described in 6.3 and Fig. 1 so that the area (2042 mm2 [3.18 in.2]) remains constant during the test.
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Load versus Compression
SCOPE
1.1 This practice measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket deflection while it is subjected to an increasing compressive load until a target load is reached. The load and change in thickness are recorded at a defined loading rate as a function of time for the duration of the test.
1.2 Suggested loading rates are 0.5 MPa/s [72.52 psi/s] for all types of gaskets except for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), elastomer, and cork/elastomer gaskets when 0.1 MPa/s [14.5 psi/s] is used.
1.3 The Part A test is performed that measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket thickness while it is subjected to an increasing compressive load until a target load is reached. This test is performed at room temperature but may be performed at an elevated temperature if desired or when agreed upon by producer and user.
1.4 The Part B test may be performed that measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket thickness while it is subjected to increasing compressive loads that includes a sequence or sequences in which the gasket is unloaded followed by a resumption of the compressive load until a target load is reached. The unloading rate is the same as the loading rate unless different loading and unloading rates are desired or when agreed upon by producer and user. This test is performed at room temperature but may be performed at an elevated temperature if desired or when agreed upon by producer and user.
1.5 The testing parameters for both Parts A and B including the gasket material type, gasket dimensions, platen type (RF or FF), target load, loading time, recording interval used during the test, loading and unloading rates, and temperature are to be reported with the results.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This internation...
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 3668:2017 specifies a procedure for evaluating differential pressure versus flow characteristics of hydraulic filters and constitutes a basis for agreement between the filter manufacturer and user. It also specifies a method for measurement of the differential pressure generated at different flow rates and viscosities by the relevant parts of a filter assembly, spin-on and any valves contained within the filter which are in the flow stream. The typical types of filter to be tested are as follows: Type 1: which are spin-on filters in which the replaceable unit does not include a filter head (it might or might not include the element by-pass valve); Type 2: which are spin-on filters in which the replaceable element is tested together with a filter head (it might or might not include the element by-pass valve); Type 3: which are filter assembly, usually of the replacement element type, that is the housing (head and bowl) and element.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are described in order to standardize procedures for determining the tensile strength of nonmetallic gasket materials. The measurement of this property characterizes various classes and grades of materials of a given type and in so doing, it will give the manufacturer a measurement of the quality of his product. It also will aid the purchaser of the gasketing materials to be able to determine whether the gasket material that he has approved for a given application is being manufactured in acceptable quality.
4.2 The measurement of this property should not be misconstrued as to give the purchaser of the gasket material an indication of the performance of that material in application.
4.3 The property may be useful in establishing material specifications.
4.4 Various procedures are given for the different types of materials, and in order to compare the results from one laboratory to another, it is imperative that the applicable procedure be selected.
4.5 Various types of tension-testing apparatus are allowed to be used. These types of equipment can produce different indicated results. Laboratories having different equipment may have to establish correlations between each other; otherwise, misinterpretation of the test data could result.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature. The types of materials covered are those containing asbestos and other inorganic fibers (Type 1), cork (Type 2), cellulose or other organic fiber (Type 3), and flexible graphite (Type 5) as described in Classification F104. These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a method for which is described in Test Methods D412 nor for rubber O-rings, a method for which is described in Test Methods D1414.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this code is to simplify the reporting of solid particle counts and water droplet concentrations present in petroleum products when measured by imaging instruments. Industry is accustomed to using a three number code to report contamination levels and so this reporting method for imaging instruments is presented to organize results in a similar format.
4.2 Particle count results as described by this classification are reported per the preferred number ranges in Table 1. Preferred numbers were originally developed by Charles Renard and codified in ISO 3. This format is the preferred reporting format since ISO 4406 has no ability to report water.
4.3 Imaging instruments are capable of identifying insoluble water droplets separate from solids, and therefore a suffix code is added after the three (or four) solid particle codes to report water content in parts per million (ppm (v)). To report water content, detected droplets will be converted to ppm (v). The distribution of water droplet size may be reported if it is useful, but it is not required.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification identifies a concise code which can be used by imaging instruments for reporting of solid particles and insoluble water content in hydrocarbon-based petroleum products. The coding system includes the reporting of water content and particle counts in the ≥1 µm range.
Note 1: Calibration is not in accordance with ISO 11171. Comparability to ISO 4406 and its requirements is not inferred.
1.2 It is valid for imaging instruments measuring particle size by projected equivalent particle diameter (see 3.1.1), and which are calibrated and verified using particle size and count standards traceable to NIST.2
1.3 Due to the variation of method and instrument types and resolutions, the reporting of results will include the ASTM standard used to conduct the analysis.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5