17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
ICS 17.120.01 Details
Measurement of fluid flow in general
Durchflu?messungen im allgemeinen
Mesurage de debit des fluides en general
Merjenje pretoka tekočin na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 17.120.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Measurement of fluid flow in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 46 standards classified under ICS 17.120.01 (Measurement of fluid flow in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dissolved Ozone is useful in many industries for water sanitization, TOC reduction, food preservation, cleaning-in-place of food and beverage systems, and pyrogen destruction. It is often necessary to know how much ozone has entered the water, how much remains, and the degree to which it has been removed before process use.
5.2 Some applications require that contact time, DO3 concentration integrated over time, be calculated, to assure disinfection.
5.3 Continuous observation of trends in these measurements are needed for continuous quality monitoring and the measurement may be used for closed loop control of ozonation.
5.4 In many pure water applications and especially where water quality is regulated by the FDA or similar enforcement agencies, ozone removal must be complete before the water is used. This test method is useful for detecting and determining dissolved ozone levels in water at the trace level as well as at process concentrations where sanitization and chemical reactions occur.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the on-line and in-line determination of dissolved ozone (DO3) in low conductivity water in the range from 0.001 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L DO3 and conductivity 3 is detected by correlating the response of a membrane-covered electrochemical sensor to the dissolved ozone concentration.
1.2 This test method provides a more convenient means for continuous measurement than the colorimetric methods typically used for grab sample measurements.
1.3 This test method has the advantage of high sensitivity as well as durability in the process environment and has few interferences.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal characteristic of geomembranes is their intrinsically low permeability to a broad range of gases, vapors, and liquids, both as single-component fluids and as complex mixtures of many constituents. As low-permeable materials, geomembranes are being used in a wide range of engineering applications in geotechnical, environmental, and transportation areas as barriers to control the migration of mobile fluids and their constituents. The range of potential permeants is broad and the service conditions can differ greatly. This guide shows users test methods available for determining the permeability of geomembranes to various permeants.
5.2 The transmission of various species through a geomembrane is subject to many factors that must be assessed in order to be able to predict its effectiveness for a specific service. Permeability measurements are affected by test conditions, and measurements made by one method cannot be translated from one application to another. A wide variety of permeability tests have been devised to measure the permeability of polymeric materials; however, only a limited number of these procedures have been applied to geomembranes. Test conditions and procedures should be selected to reflect actual service requirements as closely as possible. It should be noted that field conditions may be difficult to model or maintain in the laboratory. This may impact apparent performance of geomembrane samples.
5.3 This guide discusses the mechanism of permeation of mobile chemical species through geomembranes and the permeability tests that are relevant to various types of applications and permeating species. Specific tests for the permeability of geomembranes to both single-component fluids and multicomponent fluids that contain a variety of permeants are described and discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers selecting one or more appropriate test methods to assess the permeability of all candidate geomembranes for a proposed specific application to various permeants. The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriers to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and liquids under different service conditions require determinations of permeability by test methods that relate to and simulate the service. Geomembranes are nonporous, homogeneous materials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases, vapors, and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process by: (1) dissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on the upstream side, (2) diffusion through the geomembrane, and (3) desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.
1.2 The rate of transmission of a given chemical species, whether as a single permeant or in mixtures, is driven by its chemical potential or in practical terms by its concentration gradient across the geomembrane. Various methods to assess the permeability of geomembranes to single component permeants, such as individual gases, vapors, and liquids are referenced and briefly described.
1.3 Various test methods for the measurement of permeation and transmission through geomembranes of individual species in complex mixtures such as waste liquids are discussed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies procedures for the following:
a) primary particle-sizing calibration for particle sizes 1 µm(c) and larger, sensor resolution and counting performance of liquid automatic particle counters that are capable of analysing bottle samples;
b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC;
c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits;
d) verifying particle sensor performance using a test dust;
e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits.
This document is applicable for use with hydraulic fluids, aviation and diesel fuels, engine oil and other petroleum-based fluids. This document is not applicable to particle-sizing calibration using NIST SRM 2806b primary calibration suspensions.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume compared with flow per unit mass eliminates the variable of the powder density and relates to the production practice of die filling by volume.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of interparticle friction. As the surface area increases, the amount of friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, the friction between particles increases, giving less efficient flow and packing.
5.3 Knowledge of the volumetric flow rate permits the part producer to estimate the number of parts that can be compacted per hour.
5.4 This test may be part of the purchase agreement between metal powder producers and powder metallurgy (PM) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test for any company using metal powders.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume of a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial, waste, or ground water through the liner.
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and affect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). This test method is not applicable for clays with polymers.
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP-NF-XVII) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 150-µm (No. 100) U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 75-µm (No. 200) U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 150-µm U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This European Standard specifies the design of a reference raingauge pit. The reference raingauge pit is designed for the liquid precipitation only. The specified details of the pit and the grating, are purposely kept to a minimum in order to allow each raingauge operator latitude in their construction and to suit local conditions.
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IEC 62431:2008 specifies the measurement methods for the reflectivity of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMA) for the normal incident, oblique incident and each polarized wave in the millimetre-wave range. In addition, these methods are also equally effective for the reflectivity measurement of other materials:
- measurement frequency range: 30 GHz to 300 GHz;
- reflectivity: 0 dB to -50 dB;
- incident angle: 0° to 80°. It replaces and cancels IEC/PAS 62431. This bilingual version published in 2011-11, corresponds to the English version published in 2008-07.
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specifies the requirements for the inspection and routine testing of control valves manufactured in conformity with the other parts of IEC 60534.is applicable to valves with pressure ratings not exceeding Class 2500. The requirements for actuators apply only to pneumatic actuators.
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Specifies parameters for a flow Doppler test object representing a blood vessel of known diameter at a certain depth in human tissue, carrying a steady flow. Establishes a flow Doppler test object which can be used to assess various aspects of the performance of Doppler diagnostic equipment.
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Does not apply to the types of control valves where radioactive service, fire safety testing, or hazardous service conditions are encountered. Is applicable to valves with pressure ratings not exceeding PN 420 (Class 2500). Requirements for actuators apply only to pneumatic actuators.
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This document specifies procedures for the following:
a) primary particle-sizing calibration for particle sizes 1 µm(c) and larger, sensor resolution and counting performance of liquid automatic particle counters that are capable of analysing bottle samples;
b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC;
c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits;
d) verifying particle sensor performance using a test dust;
e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits.
This document is applicable for use with hydraulic fluids, aviation and diesel fuels, engine oil and other petroleum-based fluids. This document is not applicable to particle-sizing calibration using NIST SRM 2806b primary calibration suspensions.
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ISO 11171:2016 specifies procedures for the following:
a) primary particle-sizing calibration, sensor resolution and counting performance of automatic particle counters (APCs) for liquids capable of analysing bottle samples;
b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC;
c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits;
d) verifying particle sensor performance using a truncated test dust;
e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits.
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ISO 11171:2010 specifies procedures for: a) primary particle-sizing calibration, sensor resolution and counting performance of automatic particle counters (APCs) for liquids capable of analysing bottle samples; b) secondary particle-sizing calibration using suspensions verified with a primary calibrated APC; c) establishing acceptable operation and performance limits; d) verifying particle sensor performance using a truncated test dust; e) determining coincidence and flow rate limits.
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This Standard specifies the design of a reference raingauge pit. The specified details of the pit and the grating, are purposely kept to a minimum in order to allow each raingauge operator latitude in their construction and to suit local conditions.
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EC - Annex ZA in line with latest requirements
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Specification of two laboratory methods for determining the sound power level of a source. It gives requirements for the test room, as well as the source location, operating conditions and instrumentation. Techniques are specified for obtaining an estimate of the surface sound pressure level from which the weighted sond power level of the source as well as the sound power level in octave or one-third octave bands may be calculated. It is intended to prescribe techniques for acoustical measurments that may be used in test codes for particular types of equipment.
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specifies the measurement methods for the reflectivity of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMA) for the normal incident, oblique incident and each polarized wave in the frequency range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. In addition, these methods are also equally effective for the reflectivity measurement of other materials.
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Describes the procedures to be used in deriving the calibration curve for methods of measuring the flowrate in closed conduits or open channels, and for assessing the uncertainty associated with such calibrations. Replaces the first edition published as an International Standard (ISO 7066-1).
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