75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
ICS 75.120 Details
Hydraulic fluids
Hydraulikfluide
Fluides hydrauliques
Hidravlični fluidi
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 75.120 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Hydraulic fluids". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 273 standards classified under ICS 75.120 (Hydraulic fluids). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides guidance and requirements for the maintenance and the use of triaryl phosphate esters as fire-resistant fluids for turbine control, other hydraulic systems in power generation and fire-resistant turbine fluids. This document is applicable to fluids under the HFDR category defined in ISO 6743-4 and under the TCD, TSD and TGD categories defined in ISO 6743-5.
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This document specifies the characteristics of unused triaryl phosphate ester fluids for turbine governor controls and other hydraulic systems in electrical power stations. Fluids used in this application are classified under category TCD of ISO 6743-5.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate the possible response of some environmental compartments to the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures estimates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.
4.1.1 Although this classification includes categories for both persistence and ecotoxicity, there is no relationship between the two categories. They may be used independently of each other, that is, a hydraulic fluid can be categorized with respect to both sets of laboratory procedures, or to persistence but not ecotoxicity, or to ecotoxicity but not persistence.
4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxicity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of categories has no predictive value as to its placement with regard to the other set of categories.
4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field studies capable of correlating test results with the actual environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification. Therefore, the categories established by this classification can serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environment.
4.3 This classification can be used by producers and users of hydraulic fluids to establish a common set of references that describe some aspects of the anticipated environmental impact of hydraulic fluids which are incidental to their use.
4.4 Inclusion of a hydraulic fluid in any category of this classi...
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers all unused fully formulated hydraulic fluids in their original form.
1.2 This classification establishes categories for the impact of hydraulic fluids on different environmental compartments as shown in Table 1. Fluids are assigned designations within these categories; for example PwL, Pwe, and so forth, based on performance in specified tests.
1.3 This classification includes environmental persistence and acute ecotoxicity as aspects of environmental impact. Although environmental persistence is discussed first, this classification does not imply that considerations of environmental persistence should take precedence over concerns for ecotoxicity.
1.3.1 Environmental persistence describes long term impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Environmental persistence is preferably measured by ultimate biodegradation but can also be measured by other means.
1.3.2 Acute toxicity describes the immediate toxic impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Acute toxicity is preferably measured by the three trophic levels of aquatic organisms (Algae, Crustacea, and Fish).
1.4 Another important aspect of environmental impact is bioaccumulation. This aspect is not addressed in the present classification because adequate test methods do not yet exist to measure bioaccumulation of hydraulic fluids.
1.5 The present classification addresses the fresh water and soil environmental compartments. At this time marine and anaerobic environmental compartments are not included, although they are pertinent for many uses of hydraulic fluids. Hydraulic fluids are expected to have no significant impact on the atmosphere; therefore that compartment is not addressed.
1.6 This classification addresses releases to the environment which are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid. The classification is not intended to address environmental impact in situations of major, accidental release...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is designed primarily to evaluate the thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although oxidation may occur during the test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to ignition of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the comparison of relative flammability.
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the operational characteristics for the various categories of fire-resistant fluids defined by ISO 6743-4. It includes requirements and guidelines for use of these fluids and specifies the factors to consider when selecting a fluid from these categories for a proposed application. This document identifies difficulties which can arise from the use of such fluids and indicates how they can be minimized. Procedures are given for replacing one fluid with another from a different category. Health and safety aspects when handling and disposing of fire-resistant fluids are also covered. This document does not apply to fire-resistant fluids used in the hydraulic systems of commercial or military aircraft.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.
5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.
5.3 High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion.
5.4 Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required.
5.5 To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed.
5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.2.4) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.
5.7 The use of dilution i...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was d...
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity used in industrial/mobile hydraulic applications. There are some cases where biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, which makes separate performance requirements desirable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity used in industrial/mobile hydraulic applications.
1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separate performance requirements are desirable.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Corrosiveness of a fluid to a bimetallic couple is one of the properties used to evaluate hydraulic or lubricating fluids. It is an indicator of the compatibility of a fluid with a brass on steel galvanic couple at ambient temperature and 50 % relative humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the corrosiveness of hydraulic and lubricating fluids to a bimetallic galvanic couple.
Note 1: This test method replicates Fed-Std No. 791, Method 5322.2. It utilizes the same apparatus, test conditions, and evaluation criteria, but it describes test procedures more explicitly.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analysis. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 μm or 0.80 μm).
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test Method F312.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 7.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for mineral oils used in hydraulic systems which require refined base oil (Class HH), refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL) or refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM). This specification only covers lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system and does not include all hydraulic oils. Requirements for the mineral oils shall include, but not limited to, viscosity, specific gravity, appearance, flash point, chemical acid number, corrosion, water separation, elastomer compatibility, air release, and thermal stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils of the types API groups I, II, III, and IV used in hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids with one of the following characteristics:
1.1.1 A refined base oil or synthetic base stock (Class HH),
1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL),
1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics (Class HM),
1.1.4 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 (Class HV),
1.1.5 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics meeting a higher performance level than an HM fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HMHP), and
1.1.6 A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic base stock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 meeting a higher performance level than an HV fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HVHP).
1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral oil-based or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most existing machinery components when there is adequate maintenance.
1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system.
1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic oils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are not included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those described herein.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exception—In X1.3.9 on Wear Protection, the values of pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets as a reference point immediately recognized by a large part of the industry.
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods referenced in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements for new mineral oil hydraulic fluids and is intended for hydraulic systems, particularly for hydrostatic hydraulic fluid power application. The purpose of this document is to guide suppliers and end users of mineral oil hydraulic fluids and to direct equipment manufacturers of hydraulic systems. This document is written in a general form so that its application can accommodate various climatic conditions. This document also stipulates the requirements for mineral-oil hydraulic fluids at the time of delivery. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 6743-4, which classifies fluids used in hydraulic applications. Among the categories covered by ISO 6743-4, only five types of mineral oil-based fluids are covered in this document. These categories are HH, HL, HM, HV and HG. This document does not cover the extreme cases of use in terms of hydraulic circuits design, temperature and extreme conditions. NOTE For use in exceptional conditions, suppliers and purchasers of lubricants can mutually agree upon additional testing methods and acceptability criteria of the products. .
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.
5.2 Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made.
5.3 If any of the tests discussed in this guide gives a high result, it implies that the hydraulic fluid will biodegrade and will not persist in the environmental compartment being considered. If a low result is obtained, it does not mean necessarily that the substance will not biodegrade in the environment, but does mean that further testing is required if a claim of biodegradability is to be made. Such testing may include, but is not limited to, other tests mentioned in this guide or simulation tests for a particular environmental compartment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.
1.3 This guide addresses releases to the environment that are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid but is not intended to cover situations of major, accidental release. The tests discussed in this guide take a minimum of three to four weeks. Therefore, issues relating to the biodegradability of hydraulic fluid are more effectively addressed before the fluid is used, and thus before incidental release may occur. Nothing in this guide should be taken to relieve the user of the responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the description of the equipment and the procedure for evaluating quenching characteristics of aqueous polymer quenchants by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate aqueous polymer quenchants for aluminum alloys in a non-agitated system. There is no correlation between these test results and the results obtained in agitated systems.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.
5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.
5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.
5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.
5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.
1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.
1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 5 000 000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.
1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.
1.1.5 Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.
1.1.6 This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to transmit power. This practice provides uniform guidelines for comparing fluids in terms of their power-transmitting abilities as reflected in their effect on hydraulic system or component efficiency and productivity.
5.2 Practical advantages of enhanced hydraulic system efficiency may include increased productivity (faster machine cycle time), reduced power consumption (electricity or fuel), and reduced environmental impact (lower emissions).
5.3 Differences in fluid performance may be relatively small. Consequently, it is essential that the necessary experimental controls are implemented to ensure consistency in operating conditions and duty cycle when comparing the energy efficiency of different hydraulic fluid formulations.
5.4 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic fluid quality other than its effect on hydraulic system efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers all types and grades of hydraulic fluids.
1.2 This practice is applicable to both laboratory and field evaluations.
1.3 This practice provides guidelines for conducting hydraulic fluid evaluations. It does not prescribe a specific efficiency test methodology.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.
5.2 The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as the filter accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by precipitating additives or other contaminants, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to an equipment shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.
Note 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13357 but differs from the ISO method in the manner by which filterability is assessed. In ISO 13357, volume flow rates are used to determine filterability. In this test method, mass flow rates are used. Measurements of filterability based on mass flow rates facilitate automation and can be less susceptible to operator error.
Note 2: Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid and homogeneous after seven days is an index of its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With vegetable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to do extended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests, such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequately predict the tendency to solidify over longer time spans at cold temperatures.
4.2 This test method is not intended to indicate cold temperature pumpability performance. A separate assessment of viscometric performance should be made in order to assess cold flow properties, which are important in order to avoid system damage in cold temperature applications. Suitable guidelines for such testing and test temperatures for various viscosity grades can be found in Practice D6080.
4.3 No specific temperature of measurement is given in this test method because fluids with different viscosity grades have different cold temperature performance expectations. For guidance on temperature selection relative to an intended low temperature viscosity grade or ISO VG, consult Practice D6080. As an example of using Practice D6080, a L22 viscosity grade would be evaluated at the lowest temperature for that grade, namely –22.9 °C. Alternatively, a fluid can be evaluated at the lowest temperature expected for field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—In 6.1.1, the material is designated in cSt as this is the common name used for this type of oil.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 1.3 and Section 6.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid used in a given hydraulic fluid power system.
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- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice allows the collection of a representative sample of LPG that may contain trace volatile dissolved components such as methane, ethane, and nitrogen. Sampling by Practice D1265 can result in a small, but predictable, loss of these lighter components. Practice D1265 is suitable for collecting samples for routine specification testing, as the small loss of light components is not significant under Specification D1835 specification requirements. Practice D3700 is recommended whenever highly accurate determination of light components is required. For example, compositions determined on samples collected according to Practice D3700 may be used to establish the product value of NGL mixtures (see Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as specified in ASTM Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. It may also be used for other natural gas liquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (for example, NGL mix, field butane, and so forth), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, and for volatile (higher vapor pressure) crude oils.
Note 1: Some floating piston cylinders have such tight piston seals that the vapor pressure of some high vapor pressure crude oils may not be sufficient to allow sampling without a handle to move the piston. An alternative sampling practice for UN Class 3 liquids (under 300 kPa at 52 °C) is Practice D8009, which utilizes a Manual Piston Cylinder (MPC) sampler.
1.2 This practice is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities of undissolved gases (N2, CO2), free water or other separated phases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures and related materials. The same equipment can be used for these purposes, but additional precautions are generally needed to obtain representative samples of multi-phase products (see Appendix X1).
1.3 This practice includes recommendations for the location of a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as to obtain a representative sample.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway that is directly proportional to physical properties such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of a metal. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and the procedure for evaluation of quenching characteristics of a quenching fluid by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate quenching fluids with agitation, using the Tensi agitation apparatus.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume vane pump test procedure operated at 1200 r/min and 13.8 MPa.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—There are no SI equivalents for the inch fasteners and inch O-rings that are used in the apparatus in this test method.
1.2.2 Exception—In some cases English pressure values are given in parentheses as a safety measure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known composition is required to provide analytical standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends for use as analytical standards.
1.2 This practice is applicable to components that are normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes can be included if precaution is used in blending them.
1.3 This practice is limited to those components that fulfill the following conditions:
1.3.1 They are completely soluble in the final blend.
1.3.2 They are not reactive with other blend components or with blend containers.
1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.
1.3.3.1 The butane content of the blend is not to exceed 10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Components with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be blended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of tractors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may be suitable for other applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8 mm2/s to 90 mm2/s at 40 °C, this test method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 °C ± 1 °C when testing products more viscous than 90 mm2/s at 40 °C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D2711 is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25 °C may also be used. A 1 % sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature curve (profile) that can be related to physical properties, such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of a metal. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or as a comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and the procedure for evaluation of quenching characteristics of a quenching fluid by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate quenching fluids with agitation, using the Drayton Agitation Unit.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method differentiates the relative stability of hydraulic fluids in the presence of water under the conditions of the test. Hydrolytically unstable hydraulic fluids form acidic and insoluble contaminants which can cause hydraulic system malfunctions due to corrosion, valve sticking, or change in viscosity of the fluid. The degree of correlation between this test method and service performance has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the hydrolytic stability of petroleum or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids.
Note 1: Water-based or water-emulsion fluids can be evaluated by this test method, but they are run “as is.” Additional water is not added to the 100 g sample. In these cases, the person requesting the test needs to let the test operator know that water is present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The English units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 3.1, 6.1, 6.3, 6.9 and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid used in a given hydraulic fluid power system.
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- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is designed to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended for microbial control in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory practice is designed to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended to control microbial growth in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.
Note 1: Procedures for preparation of water soluble hydraulic fluids and recovery of organisms appear in Practice E2169.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements of unused fire-resistant and less flammable hydraulic fluids for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic systems in general industrial applications. It is not intended for use in aerospace or power-generation applications, where different requirements apply. It provides guidance for suppliers and end users of these less hazardous fluids and to the manufacturers of hydraulic equipment in which they are used.
Of the categories covered by ISO 6743-4, which classifies the different types of fluids used in hydraulic applications, only the following are detailed in this document: HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU.
Types HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC and HFDR are "fire-resistant" fluids as defined by ISO 5598. Most HFDU fluids, while displaying an improvement in combustion behaviour over mineral oil, fall outside this definition and are more appropriately considered as "less flammable" fluids.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the specifications, requirements and test methods, for non-petroleum-based fluids used in road-vehicle hydraulic brake and clutch systems that are designed for use with such fluids and equipped with seals, cups or double-lipped type gland seals made of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPDM).
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This document specifies the composition and characteristics of a reference fluid used for the compatibility testing of hydraulic braking systems and components mounted on road vehicles.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method was developed using Test Method D2603–91.
4.2 This test method permits the evaluation of shear stability with minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factors that may be present in some applications. It has been found applicable to fluids containing both readily sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with performance in the case of hydraulic applications has been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of hydraulic fluids in terms of the final viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the hydraulic fluid in a sonic oscillator.
1.2 Evidence has been presented that a good correlation exists between the shear degradation that results from sonic oscillation and that obtained in a vane pump test procedure.2
1.3 This test method uses millimetres squared per second (mm2/s), an SI unit, as the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent unit, cSt, is shown in parentheses.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance and use of each test method will depend on the system in use and the purpose of the test method listed under Section 7. Use the most recent editions of the test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing aqueous polymer quenchants for initial qualification, determining quality, and the effect of aging.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the minimum requirements of unused fire-resistant and less flammable hydraulic fluids for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic systems in general industrial applications. It is not intended for use in aerospace or power-generation applications, where different requirements apply. It provides guidance for suppliers and end users of these less hazardous fluids and to the manufacturers of hydraulic equipment in which they are used.
Of the categories covered by ISO 6743-4, which classifies the different types of fluids used in hydraulic applications, only the following are detailed in this document: HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU.
Types HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC and HFDR are "fire-resistant" fluids as defined by ISO 5598. Most HFDU fluids, while displaying an improvement in combustion behaviour over mineral oil, fall outside this definition and are more appropriately considered as "less flammable" fluids.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the minimum requirements of unused fire-resistant and less flammable hydraulic fluids for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic systems in general industrial applications. It is not intended for use in aerospace or power-generation applications, where different requirements apply. It provides guidance for suppliers and end users of these less hazardous fluids and to the manufacturers of hydraulic equipment in which they are used. Of the categories covered by ISO 6743-4, which classifies the different types of fluids used in hydraulic applications, only the following are detailed in this document: HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU. Types HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC and HFDR are "fire-resistant" fluids as defined by ISO 5598. Most HFDU fluids, while displaying an improvement in combustion behaviour over mineral oil, fall outside this definition and are more appropriately considered as "less flammable" fluids.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products may contain acidic constituents that are present as additives, degradation products formed during service, such as oxidation products or components formed from combustion gases. The i-pH-value is a measure of the amount of acidic substances and their acidity defined under the conditions of test. The i-pH-value is used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service.
5.2 The corrosiveness of acidic components depends on their concentration and acidity. The i-pH-value is a measure of the amount of dissociated acidic components with the potential of corrosiveness towards metals.
5.3 Since a variety of oxidation and blow-by products contribute to the i-pH-value, this test method cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of oil or blends under service conditions against metallic components. No general correlation is known between i-pH-value and the corrosive tendency of blends or oils toward metals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of initial pH (i-pH) in new and in-service lubricants.
Note 1: In new and used oils, the constituents that may be considered to have characteristics influencing the i-pH value include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. “Initial” is used to differentiate from aqueous systems. The analysis is terminated after a defined time interval whenever equilibrium conditions, as known for pH measurements in aqueous systems, are not reached (see 3.1.1.2)
1.2 This test method is used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing conditions or due to contamination by blow-by gases of combustion processes of biogases regardless of the color or other properties of the in-service lubricants. Although the initial pH is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the test method is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of oil under service conditions. No general correlation between corrosion of non-ferrous bearing metals and initial pH value is known.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical industrial or mobile hydraulic applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume high-pressure vane pump test procedure for indicating the wear characteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids. See Annex A1 for recommended testing conditions for water-based synthetic fluids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to establish viscosity designations derived from viscosities measured by test methods which have a meaningful relationship to hydraulic fluid performance. This permits lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers to have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity characteristics of hydraulic fluids.
5.2 This practice is not intended to be a replacement for Classification D2422. Rather, it is an enhancement intended to provide a better description of the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used as hydraulic fluids.
5.3 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic oil quality other than its viscosity and shear stability under the conditions specified.
5.4 While it is not intended for other functional fluids, this practice may be useful in high-shear-stress applications where viscosity index (VI) improvers are used to extend the useful operating temperature range of the fluid.
5.5 This practice does not apply to other lubricants for which viscosity classification systems already exist, for example, SAE J300 for automotive engine oils and SAE J306 for axle and manual transmission lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm2/s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s as measured at a reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures from −50 °C to +16 °C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
Note 1: Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Procedures such as Test Methods D665 and D3603 assess the ability of new or unused hydraulic fluid to prevent rusting on wetted steel surfaces but do not address the prevention of rusting in the vapor space above the fluid. This procedure addresses the latter question under one set of test conditions and need not be applicable to some service conditions. Since used fluids have not been cooperatively tested in this procedure, its utility for in-service monitoring has not been established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the ability of hydraulic fluids to prevent the rusting of steel in the vapor phase over the hydraulic fluid and water.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydraulic fluid compatibility is important to hydraulic equipment users because a mixture of incompatible fluids may produce a substance that is markedly inferior to its constituents. Even in identical base stocks, the formation of a precipitate may occur as a result of additive interactions. In this practice, compatibility will be determined using ISO 13357-1 filterability test method. Since hydraulic systems utilize fine-filtration to protect components from wear, incompatibility often exhibits itself as premature filter plugging.
5.2 Because of such occurrences, suppliers recommend evaluating the compatibility of hydraulic fluids prior to mixing. A flowchart is provided in Annex A1 to aid in interpretation of the test results and hydraulic system conversion.
5.3 Although new hydraulic fluids may be compatible, in-service fluid of the same type may be degraded or contaminated to such an extent that the new fluid added may not be compatible with the system fluid. In-service fluid compatibility with new fluid additions should be evaluated on a case by case basis.
5.4 The oxidation resistance and wear protection of different fluids of the same type can vary widely, and compatibility does not imply equivalent performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of hydraulic fluids as defined by Specifications D6158, DIN 51524, ISO 11158, and ISO 15380.
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate new (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of combining new (replacement) lubricant with in-service (original) lubricant in the system.
1.3 To evaluate primary compatibility using this method, the replacement fluid must pass the ISO 13357-1 Stage II filterability test. The original fluid is not required to pass ISO 13357-1 filterability test, Stage I or II.
1.4 Primary testing is conducted on fluid mixtures in 2:98, 10:90, and 50:50 ratios using the ISO 13357-1 Filterability Test, Stage II.
1.5 Secondary testing is suggested when circumstances indicate the need for additional testing.
1.6 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention characteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shear stability of lubricant mixtures while in service. If anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be evaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required.
1.7 This practice does not purport to cover all test methods that could be employed.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Degradation of hydraulic fluids and turbine oils, because of oxidation or thermal breakdown, can result in the formation of acids or insoluble solids and render the oil unfit for further use.
5.2 This test method can be used to estimate the relative oxidation stability of petroleum-base oils. It should be recognized that correlation between results of this test and the oxidation stability in use can vary markedly with service conditions and with various oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the oxidation stability of petroleum base hydraulic oils and oils for steam and gas turbines.
1.2 This test method was developed to evaluate the oxidation stability of petroleum base hydraulic oils and oils for steam and gas turbines.
1.2.1 Rust and oxidation inhibited hydraulic, anti-wear hydraulic and turbine oils of ISO 32–68 viscosity were used to develop the precision statement. This test method has been used to evaluate the oxidation stability of fluids made with synthetic basestock and in-service oils; however, these fluids have not been used in cooperative testing to develop precision data.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Identified hazardous chemicals are listed in 7.3, 7.6, and 7.8. Before using this test method, refer to suppliers' safety labels, Material Safety Data Sheets, and other technical literature.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 11365:2017 is applicable to the use of triaryl phosphate esters as fire-resistant fluids for turbine control and other hydraulic systems in power generation. These fluids fall under category HFDR of ISO 6743‑4[1]. ISO 11365:2017 is intended to: - assist the power equipment operator to maintain the fluid in a condition that will ensure the safe and reliable operation of the turbine while maximizing fluid life; - recommend procedures for examining consignments of new fluid and monitoring the fluid in use; - provide information on the safe handling, storage and disposal of the fluid; - offer background information on the causes of fluid degradation.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this code is to simplify the reporting of solid particle counts and water droplet concentrations present in petroleum products when measured by imaging instruments. Industry is accustomed to using a three number code to report contamination levels and so this reporting method for imaging instruments is presented to organize results in a similar format.
4.2 Particle count results as described by this classification are reported per the preferred number ranges in Table 1. Preferred numbers were originally developed by Charles Renard and codified in ISO 3. This format is the preferred reporting format since ISO 4406 has no ability to report water.
4.3 Imaging instruments are capable of identifying insoluble water droplets separate from solids, and therefore a suffix code is added after the three (or four) solid particle codes to report water content in parts per million (ppm (v)). To report water content, detected droplets will be converted to ppm (v). The distribution of water droplet size may be reported if it is useful, but it is not required.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification identifies a concise code which can be used by imaging instruments for reporting of solid particles and insoluble water content in hydrocarbon-based petroleum products. The coding system includes the reporting of water content and particle counts in the ≥1 µm range.
Note 1: Calibration is not in accordance with ISO 11171. Comparability to ISO 4406 and its requirements is not inferred.
1.2 It is valid for imaging instruments measuring particle size by projected equivalent particle diameter (see 3.1.1), and which are calibrated and verified using particle size and count standards traceable to NIST.2
1.3 Due to the variation of method and instrument types and resolutions, the reporting of results will include the ASTM standard used to conduct the analysis.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 4263-3:2015 specifies a method for the determination of the ageing behaviour of synthetic hydraulic fluids of categories HFDU, HEES, HEPG and HETG as defined, for example, in ISO 12922[1] and ISO 15380[2]. The ageing is accelerated by the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts at elevated temperature, and the degradation of the fluid is followed by changes in acid number. Other parts of ISO 4263 specify similar procedures for the determination of ageing behaviour of mineral oils and specified categories of fire-resistant fluids used in hydraulic and other applications.
NOTE Other signs of fluid deterioration, such as the formation of insoluble sludge, catalyst coil corrosion or change in viscosity, can occur which indicate oxidation of the fluid, but are not reflected in the calculated oxidation lifetime. The correlation of these occurrences with field service is under investigation. This test method may be used to compare the oxidation stability of fluids that are not prone to contamination with water. However, because of the large number of individual field-service applications, the correlation between the results of this test and actual service performance can vary markedly, and is best judged on experience. The precision of this test method for synthetic hydraulic fluids is not known because interlaboratory data are not available. This method might not be suitable for use in specifications or in the event of disputed results as long as these data are not available.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6743-4:2015 establishes the detailed classification of fluids of Family H (Hydraulic systems) which belong to class L (Lubricants, industrial oils, and related products). It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 6743‑99. This classification system does not include automotive brake fluids or aircraft hydraulic fluids.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4263-3:2015 specifies a method for the determination of the ageing behaviour of synthetic hydraulic fluids of categories HFDU, HEES, HEPG and HETG as defined, for example, in ISO 12922[1] and ISO 15380[2]. The ageing is accelerated by the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts at elevated temperature, and the degradation of the fluid is followed by changes in acid number. Other parts of ISO 4263 specify similar procedures for the determination of ageing behaviour of mineral oils and specified categories of fire-resistant fluids used in hydraulic and other applications.
NOTE Other signs of fluid deterioration, such as the formation of insoluble sludge, catalyst coil corrosion or change in viscosity, can occur which indicate oxidation of the fluid, but are not reflected in the calculated oxidation lifetime. The correlation of these occurrences with field service is under investigation. This test method may be used to compare the oxidation stability of fluids that are not prone to contamination with water. However, because of the large number of individual field-service applications, the correlation between the results of this test and actual service performance can vary markedly, and is best judged on experience. The precision of this test method for synthetic hydraulic fluids is not known because interlaboratory data are not available. This method might not be suitable for use in specifications or in the event of disputed results as long as these data are not available.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 4263-3:2015 specifies a method for the determination of the ageing behaviour of synthetic hydraulic fluids of categories HFDU, HEES, HEPG and HETG as defined, for example, in ISO 12922[1] and ISO 15380[2]. The ageing is accelerated by the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts at elevated temperature, and the degradation of the fluid is followed by changes in acid number. Other parts of ISO 4263 specify similar procedures for the determination of ageing behaviour of mineral oils and specified categories of fire-resistant fluids used in hydraulic and other applications. NOTE Other signs of fluid deterioration, such as the formation of insoluble sludge, catalyst coil corrosion or change in viscosity, can occur which indicate oxidation of the fluid, but are not reflected in the calculated oxidation lifetime. The correlation of these occurrences with field service is under investigation. This test method may be used to compare the oxidation stability of fluids that are not prone to contamination with water. However, because of the large number of individual field-service applications, the correlation between the results of this test and actual service performance can vary markedly, and is best judged on experience. The precision of this test method for synthetic hydraulic fluids is not known because interlaboratory data are not available. This method might not be suitable for use in specifications or in the event of disputed results as long as these data are not available.
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ISO 6743-4:2015 establishes the detailed classification of fluids of Family H (Hydraulic systems) which belong to class L (Lubricants, industrial oils, and related products). It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 6743‑99. This classification system does not include automotive brake fluids or aircraft hydraulic fluids.
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- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off