EN ISO 945-1:2019
(Main)Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2019)
Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2019)
This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
Mikrostruktur von Gusseisen - Teil 1: Graphitklassifizierung durch visuelle Auswertung (ISO 945-1:2019)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Klassifizierung der Mikrostruktur von Graphit in Gusseisen-werkstoffen durch vergleichende visuelle Auswertung fest.
Dieses Dokument bezweckt die Bereitstellung von Informationen zum Verfahren der Graphitklassifi-zierung. Es ist nicht beabsichtigt, Informationen hinsichtlich der Eignung von Gusseisenarten und sorten für eine bestimmte Anwendung zu geben.
Die speziellen Werkstoffsorten werden hauptsächlich bestimmt durch die mechanischen Eigenschaften und bei austenitischem und verschleißbeständigem Gusseisen durch die chemische Zusammensetzung. Die Bewertung der Graphitform und größe erlaubt keine statistisch gesicherte Aussage im Hinblick auf die Erfüllung der Anforderungen, die in der jeweiligen Werkstoffnorm festgelegt sind.
Microstructure des fontes - Partie 1: Classification du graphite par analyse visuelle (ISO 945-1:2019)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de classification de la microstructure du graphite dans les fontes par analyse visuelle comparative.
L'objectif du présent document est d'apporter des informations sur la méthode de classification du graphite. Il n'est pas destiné à donner des informations sur l'aptitude des types et des nuances de fonte, pour une application particulière.
Les nuances particulières des matériaux sont spécifiées principalement par des propriétés mécaniques et, dans le cas des fontes austénitiques et des fontes résistant à l'usure par abrasion, par leur composition chimique. L'interprétation de la forme et de la taille du graphite ne permet pas de prévoir de manière statistiquement valable que les exigences spécifiées dans la norme de matériau concernée seront satisfaites.
Mikrostruktura železove litine - 1. del: Razvrščanje grafita z vizualno analizo (ISO 945-1:2019)
Ta dokument določa metodo razvrščanja mikrostrukture grafita v železovih litinah s primerjalno vizualno analizo.
Namen tega dokumenta je podati informacije o metodi razvrščanja grafita. Ne navaja podatkov o primernosti tipov in razredov železovih litin za nobeno posebno uporabo.
Posamezne razrede snovi določajo predvsem mehanske lastnosti in, če gre za avstenitne in na obrabo odporne litine, njihova kemična sestava. Razlaga grafitne oblike in velikosti ne omogoča statistično veljavne navedbe o izpolnjevanju zahtev, določenih v ustreznem standardu za material.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 945-1:2018
Mikrostruktura železove litine - 1. del: Razvrščanje grafita z vizualno analizo (ISO
945-1:2019)
Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-
1:2019)
Mikrostruktur von Gusseisen - Teil 1: Graphitklassifizierung durch visuelle Auswertung
(ISO 945-1:2019)
Microstructure des fontes - Partie 1: Classification du graphite par analyse visuelle (ISO
945-1:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 945-1:2019
ICS:
77.080.10 Železo Irons
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 945-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.080.10 Supersedes EN ISO 945-1:2018
English Version
Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite
classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2019)
Microstructure des fontes - Partie 1: Classification du Mikrostruktur von Gusseisen - Teil 1:
graphite par analyse visuelle (ISO 945-1:2019) Graphitklassifizierung durch visuelle Auswertung (ISO
945-1:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 June 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 945-1:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 945-1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 25 "Cast irons
and pig irons" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 945-1:2018.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 945-1:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 945-1:2019 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 945-1
Third edition
2019-06
Microstructure of cast irons —
Part 1:
Graphite classification by visual
analysis
Microstructure des fontes —
Partie 1: Classification du graphite par analyse visuelle
Reference number
ISO 945-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 945-1:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 945-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 1
4.1 Designation system for classifying graphite in cast irons . 1
4.2 Form . 2
4.3 Distribution . 3
4.4 Size . 4
4.5 Visual classification of graphite .23
5 Sampling and sample preparation .23
5.1 Samples taken from a casting .23
5.2 Sample preparation .23
6 Procedure for graphite classification .23
6.1 Procedure for visual classification of graphite .23
6.2 Evaluation of the analysis results .24
7 Reference images .24
7.1 General .24
7.2 Reference images for graphite form .24
7.3 Reference images for the distribution of graphite (form I) .24
7.4 Reference images for graphite size .24
8 Designation of graphite by form, distribution and size .25
8.1 Designation system .25
8.2 Designation of different graphite sizes within a casting .25
8.3 Designation of mixed graphite forms, distributions and sizes .26
8.4 Designation of unclassified graphite forms .26
8.5 Nodule count .26
9 Report .27
Annex A (informative) Typical graphite forms in cast-iron materials — Examples of
photomicrographs .28
Annex B (informative) Distribution of flake (lamellar) graphite (form I) — Examples of
photomicrographs .29
Annex C (informative) Common terminology and main occurrences concerning graphite in
cast irons .30
Bibliography .32
ISO 945-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 25, Cast irons and pig irons.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 945-1:2017), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:
— Figures
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