ASTM A757/A757M-22

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A757/A757M − 15 A757/A757M − 22
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-
Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A757/A757M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for
petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and
tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may
limit usable section size.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castings
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2022. Published August 2015December 2022. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as A757/A757M – 10.A757/A757M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/A757_A757M-15. 10.1520/A0757_A0757M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A757/A757M − 22
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standards:
MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components - Visual
Components—Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Definitions in Specification A703/A703M are applicable to this specification.
3.1.1 nominal thickness, T, n—for quenched and tempered castings with a thickness exceeding 2 in. [50 mm], the maximum
thickness of the pressure-containing wall of the casting exclusive of padding added for directional solidification, flanges,
appendages, and sections designated by the designer as noncritical.
3.1.2 Definition of nominal thickness, T, applies to quenched and tempered castings with a thickness exceeding 2 in. [50 mm].
Nominal thickness, T, is the maximum thickness of the pressure-containing wall of the casting exclusive of padding added for
directional solidification, flanges, appendages, and sections designated by the designer as noncritical.
4. General Conditions for Delivery
4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to this specification shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Specification A703/A703M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply
with the general requirements of Specification A703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict
between the requirements of this specification and Specification A703/A703M, this specification shall prevail.
4.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A985/A985M,
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements
of Specification A985/A985M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of
this specification and Specification A985/A985M, A985/A985M shall prevail.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:
5.1.1 Quantity,
5.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue,
5.1.3 Grade designation (designation,Table 1),
5.1.4 Class (if applicable),
5.1.5 Description of casting by part, pattern, or drawing number. (Dimensionalnumber (dimensional tolerances and machined
surfaces should be indicated on the casting drawing).drawing),
5.1.6 Options in the specification,
5.1.7 Whether the castings are to be produced using investment casting process, and
5.1.8 Supplementary requirements desired, if any, including standards of acceptance.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes approved by the
purchaser. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
A757/A757M − 22
A ,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Composition Requirements Percent Unless Range is Given)
C
A1QGrade
A2Q
Type
NickelE2N,
GradeElement, %
Carbon-B2N, E3N
2B3N, ⁄2 NickelD1N, E2Q Nickel
1 1
TypeA1Q Carbon A2Q B2Q 3B4N, B4Q ⁄2 4C1Q ⁄2 ChromiumE1Q Martensitic
NickelB3Q D1Q ChromiumNi- Chromium
C C-Mn Manga-2.5Ni Nickel4.5Ni NickelNi-Mo MolybdenumNi-Cr-Mo ChromiumCr-Ni
3.5Ni MolybdenumCr-Mo Cr-Mo Molybdenum
nese Nickel
Molybdenum
A
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.06
D
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.06
A
Manganese 1.00 1.20 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 1.20 0.40/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.40/0.70 1.00
D
Manganese 1.00 1.20 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.80 1.20 0.40–0.80 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70 1.00
E E E E E E E F F G
Phosphorus 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
E E E E E E E F F G
Sulfur 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00
Nickel — — 2.0/3.0 3.0/4.0 4.0/5.0 1.5/2.0 — 2.5/3.5 2.75/3.90 3.5/4.5
E E E
Nickel 0.50 0.50 2.0–3.0 3.0–4.0 4.0–5.0 1.5–2.0 0.50 2.5–3.5 2.75–3.90 3.5–4.5
Chromium — — — — — — 2.0/2.75 1.35/1.85 1.50/2.0 11.5/14.0
Molybdenum — — — — — 0.15/0.30 0.90/1.20 0.35/0.60 0.40/0.60 0.40/1.0
Specified Residual
Elements:
Vanadium 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 —
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Nickel 0.50 0.50 — — — — 0.50 — — —
Chromium 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 — — — —
E E E E E E
Chromium 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.0–2.75 1.35–1.85 1.50–2.0 11.5–14.0
Molybdenum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 — — — — —
E E E E E
Molybdenum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.15–0.30 0.90–1.20 0.35–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.40–1.0
Tungsten — — — — — — 0.10 — 0.10 0.10
E E E E E E E F F G
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
E E E E E E E F F
Vanadium 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 . . .
Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.70 0.50
residuals (maxi-
B
mum %)
E F G
Tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 . . . 0.10 0.10
A
All values are maximums unless a range is provided.
B
Where ellipses (. . .) appear in this table, there is no requirement and the element need not be analyzed for or reported.
C
“Q” in the grade name indicates that the casting has been quenched and tempered. “N” in the grade name indicates that the casting has been normalized and tempered.
D
For each 0.01 % of reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese over the maximum specified will be permitted up to 1.40 %.
E
Total residuals includes The total content of these elements shall not exceed 1.00 % including phosphorus and sulfur.
F
The total content of these elements shall not exceed 0.70 % including phosphorus and sulfur.
G
The total content of these elements shall not exceed 0.50 % including phosphorus and sulfur.
6.2 Heat Treatment:
6.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated by either normalizing and tempering or quenching and tempering. Tempering temperature
shall be 1100°F [595°C]1100 °F [595 °C] minimum, except grades B4N and B4Q, which shall be tempered at 1050°F
[565°C]1050 °F [565 °C] minimum.
6.2.2 E3N castings shall be heat treated by heating to 1850°F [1010°C]1850 °F [1010 °C] minimum, and air cooling to 200°F
[95°C] maximum 200 °F [95 °C] or cooler before any optional intermediate temper, but shall cool to 100°F [40°C] maximum be
cooled to 100 °F [40 °C] or cooler before the final temper, which shall be between 1050 and 1150°F1150 °F [565 and
620°C].620 °C].
6.2.3 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be controlled by pyrometers. thermocouples.
6.2.4 Castings shall be allowed to cool below the transformation range directly after pouring and solidification before they are
reheated for normalizing or liquid quenching.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall be in accordance with the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
A757/A757M − 22
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Yield Strength Reduction of Area,
C
Elongation in 2 in.
Tensile Strength,
A,B
Grade Heat Treatment (0.2 % offset), min, %
min, ksi [MPa]
[50 mm], min, %
min, ksi [MPa]
A1Q QT 65 [450] 35 [240] 24 35
A2Q QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 22 35
D
B2N, B2Q NT/QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
B3N, B3Q NT/QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
B4N, B4Q NT/QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
C1Q QT 75 [515] 55 [380] 22 35
D1N1, D1Q1 NT/QT 85 [585] 55 [380] 20 35
115 [795]
D1N2, D1Q2 NT/QT 95 [655] 75 [515] 18 35
125 [860]
D1N3, D1Q3 NT/QT 105 [725] 85 [585] 15 30
135 [930]
E1Q QT 90 [620] 65 [450] 22 40
E2N1, E2Q1 NT/QT 90 [620] 70 [485] 18 35
120 [825]
E2N2, E2Q2 NT/QT 105 [725] 85 [585] 15 30
135 [930]
E2N3, E2Q3 NT/QT 115 [795] 100 [690] 13 30
145 [1000]
E3N NT 110 [760] 80 [550] 15 35
A
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Yield Strength
Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2 in. Reduction of
B C,D,E
Grade Class Heat Treatment (0.2 % offset),
ksi [MPa] [50 mm], % Area, %
ksi [MPa]
A1Q . . . QT 65 [450] 35 [240] 24 35
A2Q . . . QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 22 35
E
B2N, B2Q . . . NT, QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
B3N, B3Q . . . NT, QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
B4N, B4Q . . . NT, QT 70 [485] 40 [275] 24 35
C1Q . . . QT 75 [515] 55 [380] 22 35
D1N, D1Q 1 NT, QT 85–115 [585–795] 55 [380] 20 35
D1N, D1Q 2 NT, QT 95–125 [655–860] 75 [515] 18 35
D1N, D1Q 3 NT, QT 105–135 [725–930] 85 [585] 15 30
E1Q . . . QT 90 [620] 65 [450] 22 40
E2N, E2Q 1 NT, QT 90–120 [620–825] 70 [485] 18 35
E2N, E2Q 2 NT, QT 105–135 [725–930] 85 [585] 15 30
E2N, E2Q 3 NT, QT 115–145 [795–1000] 100 [690] 13 30
E3N . . . NT 110 [760] 80 [550] 15 35
A
All values are minimums unless a range is provided.
B
“Q” in the grade name indicates the casting has been quenched and tempered. “N” in the grade name indicates the casting has been normalized and tempered.
C
QT = Quenched and tempered.
D
NT = Normalized and tempered.
C
Minimum ksi (MPa), unless range is given.
E
NT NT,⁄QT QT indicates that either a normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered heat treatment may be used.
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the requirements as to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
9. Impact Requirements
9.1 Impact properties shall be determined on each heat by testing a set of three Charpy V-notch specimens. The bar from which
the impact specimens are machined shall be prepared in accordance with Section 12. The longitudinal axis of the Charpy specimens
shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tensile bar.
9.2 Test temperature and absorbed energy requirements for the grade shall be as specified in Table 3. Impact properties at
temperatures other than specified in Table 3 shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and Supplementary
Requirement S8 shall be specified. The average energy value of three specimens shall not be less than the minimum average
specified, with only one value permitted below the minimum average specified and this value not permitted to fall below the
minimum specified for a single specimen. Supplementary Requirement S52 may be specified if lateral expansion or percent shear
area, or both, are desired by the purchaser.
A757/A757M − 22
A
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard Size (10 mm by 10 mm) Specimens
Grade Heat Effective Section Size, Test Temperature Energy value, ft·lbf [J], Energy Value, ft·lbf [J],
B,C
Treatment max, in. [mm] min value for two min for single specimen
°F [°C]
specimens and min
average of three
specimens
A1Q QT 1 ⁄4 [32] −50 [−46] 13 [17] 10 [14]
A2Q QT 3 [75] −50 [−46] 15 [20] 12 [16]
D
B2N, B2Q NT/QT 5 [125] −100 [−73] 15 [20] 12 [16]
B3N, B3Q NT/QT 1 ⁄4 [32] −150 [−101] 15 [20] 12 [16]
B4N, B4Q NT/QT 1 ⁄4 [32] −175 [−115] 15 [20] 12 [16]
C1Q QT 5 [125] −50 [−46] 15 [20] 12 [16]
E E E E E
D1N1, D 1Q1 NT/QT
E E E E E
D1N2, D 1Q2 NT/QT
E E E E E
D1N3, D 1Q3 NT/QT
E
E1Q QT −100 [−73] 30 [41] 25 [34]
E2N1, E 2Q1 NT/QT 5 [125] −100 [−73] 30 [41] 25 [34]
E2N2, E 2Q2 NT/QT 1 ⁄4 [32] −100 [−73] 20 [27] 15 [20]
E2N3, E 2Q3 NT/QT 1 ⁄4 [32] −100 [−73] 15 [20] 12 [16]
E3N NT 1 ⁄4 [32] −100 [−73] 20 [27] 15 [20]
A
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard Size (10 mm by 10 mm) Specimens
Minimum Energy Value
Maximum Effective for Two Specimens and Minimum Energy Value
Heat Test Temperature
B
Grade Class Section Size, Minimum Average of for Single Specimen,
C,D,E
Treatment °F [°C]
in. [mm] Three Specimens, ft·lbf [J]
ft·lbf [J]
A1Q . . . QT 1 ⁄4 [32] 13 [17] 10 [14] −50 [−46]
A2Q . . . QT 3 [75] 15 [20] 12 [16] −50 [−46]
B2N, B2Q . . . NT, QT 5 [125] 15 [20] 12 [16] −100 [−73]
B3N, B3Q . . . NT, QT 1 ⁄4 [32] 15 [20] 12 [16] −150 [−101]
B4N, B4Q . . . NT, QT 1 ⁄4 [32] 15 [20] 12 [16] −175 [−115]
C1Q . . . QT 5 [125] 15 [20] 12 [16] −50 [−46]
F F F F
D1N, D1Q 1 NT, QT
F F F F
D1N, D1Q 2 NT, QT
F F F F
D1N, D1Q 3 NT, QT
F
E1Q . . . QT 30 [41] 25 [34] −100 [−73]
E2N, E2Q 1 NT, QT 5 [125] 30 [41] 25 [34] −100 [−73]
E2N, E2Q 2 NT, QT 1 ⁄4 [32] 20 [27] 15 [20] −100 [−73]
E2N, E2Q 3 NT, QT 1 ⁄4 [32] 15 [20] 12 [16] −100 [−73]
E3N . . . NT 1 ⁄4 [32] 20 [27] 15 [20] −100 [−73]
A
Hardenability and residual elements (primarily P & S levels) in some of the grades may limit the maximum section size in which these impact values can be obtained.
B
“Q” in the grade name indicates the casting has been quenched and tempered. “N” in the grade name indicates the casting has been normalized and tempered.
C
QT = Quenched and tempered.
D
NT = Normalized and tempered.
E
NT NT,⁄QT QT indicates that either a normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered heat treatment may be used.
F
Requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
9.3 Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding
procedure qualification test. Test temperature, energy absorption, specimen type, and test method shall be the same as specified
for the base material.
9.3.1 Coupons Representing the Weld Deposits—Impact specimens shall be located so that the longitudinal axis of the specimen
is at least one fourth of the thickness of the weld test plate, t, from the surface of t
...