ASTM A781/A781M-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A781/A781M − 20a A781/A781M − 21
Standard Specification for
Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for
General Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A781/A781M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting specifications
issued by ASTM. If the product specification specifies different requirements, the product specification shall prevail.
ASTM
Designation Title of Specification
A27/A27M Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A128/A128M Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
A148/A148M Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Pur-
poses
A297/A297M Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-
Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
A447/A447M Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy
(25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
A494/A494M Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A560/A560M Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy
A743/A743M Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
A744/A744M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion
Resistant, for Severe Service
A747/A747M Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Harden-
ing
A890/A890M Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum
Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic)
for General Application
A915/A915M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Re-
quirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades
A958/A958M Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile
Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similiar
to Standard Wrought Grades
A1002 Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as
indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020May 1, 2021. Published November 2020May 2021. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
A781/A781M – 20.A781/A781M – 20a. DOI: 10.1520/A0781_A0781M-20A.10.1520/A0781_A0781M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A781/A781M − 21
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
A148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
A447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A560/A560M Specification for Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy
A609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof
A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
A744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
A747/A747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A800/A800M Practice for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
A802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
A890/A890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/
Ferritic) for General Application
A915/A915M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A958/A958M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similar
to Standard Wrought Grades
A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts
A991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
A1002 Specification for Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
A1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castings
A1080/A1080M Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloy Castings
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm)) Steel Castings
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings
E340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron
Alloys
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and
Cobalt Alloys
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
A781/A781M − 21
2.2 SAE Standard:
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751, Terminology A941,
and Test Methods A1058 are applicable to this specification and to those listed in 1.1.
3.1.2 test coupon, n—the part from which the test specimen will be extracted.
3.1.3 test specimen, n—the part that will be acted upon in a test.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by open-hearth or electric furnace process with or without separate refining, such
as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), unless otherwise specified in the individual specification.
4.2 Heat Treatment:
4.2.1 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of a furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test Method
A991/A991M or AMS 2750.
4.2.2 When using furnaces surveyed in accordance with Test Method A991/A991M, the following requirements apply for heat
treatments above 2000 °F [1100 °C]. When castings are heat treated at temperatures above 2000 °F [1100 °C], then the working
zone shall have been established by a survey performed at not more than 25 °F [15 °C] below nor more than 200 °F [110 °C] above
the minimum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. If a minimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for the
grade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50 °F [30 °C] below nor more than 175 °F [100 °C] above the furnace
set point used.
4.2.3 When using furnaces surveyed in accordance with AMS 2750, there are no additional requirements beyond those stated in
AMS 2750.
4.2.4 The maximum variation in measured temperature, as determined by the difference between the highest temperature and the
lowest temperature, shall be as agreed between the purchaser and producer, except that during production heat treatment no portion
of the furnace shall be below the minimum specified temperature nor above the maximum specified temperature for the grade being
processed.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Chemical Analysis—Chemical analysis of materials covered by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods,
Practices, and Terminology A751.
5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
specified in the individual specification for the grade being poured. The analysis shall be made from a test sample, preferably taken
during the pouring of the heat. When drillings are used, they shall be taken not less than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] beneath the surface. The
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements in the individual specification for the grade being poured.
5.3 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or casting. The
analysis shall be made on representative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall be taken no closer than ⁄4 in. [6 mm] to a cast
surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representative material. The chemical composition thus
determined shall meet the requirements specified in the applicable specification for the grade involved, or shall be subject to
rejection by the purchaser, except that the chemical composition determined for carbon and low-alloy steel and stainless steel steel,
stainless steel, and nickel and cobalt based castings may vary from the specified limits by the amounts shown in Table 1 and , Table
2, and Table 3, respectively. The product analysis tolerances of Tables 1 and 1-23 are not applicable as acceptance criteria for heat
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
A781/A781M − 21
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances – Carbon and Low-Alloy
Steels
B,C
Tolerances Over
A
Element Range, % Maximum or Under
Minimum Limit, %
C up to 0.65 0.03 × % C + 0.02
L
above 0.65 0.04
Mn up to 1 0.08 × % Mn + 0.01
L
above 1 0.09
Si up to 0.60 0.22 × % Si − 0.01
L
above 0.60 0.15
P all 0.13 × % P + 0.005
L
S all 0.36 × % S + 0.001
L
Ni up to 2 0.10 × % Ni + 0.03
L
above 2 0.25
Cr up to 2 0.07 × % Cr + 0.04
L
above 2 0.18
Mo up to 0.6 0.04 × % Mo + 0.03
L
above 0.6 0.06
V up to 0.25 0.23 × % V + 0.004
L
above 0.25 0.06
W up to 0.10 0.08 × % W + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.02
Cu up to 0.15 0.18 × % Cu + 0.02
L
above 0.15 0.05
Al up to 0.10 0.08 × % Al + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.03
A
The range denotes the composition limits up to which tolerances are computed
by the equation, and above which the tolerances are given by a constant.
B
The subscript for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of the
L
element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into the
equation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit (if
applicable), respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in
footnote C.
C
To illustrate the computation of the tolerance, consider the manganese maximum
of 0.70 for a 0.30 carbon grade 65-35 in Specification A27/A27M. The maximum
permissible deviation is (0.08 × 0.70 + 0.01) = 0.066. Therefore, the highest
acceptable product analysis is 0.766. Similarly, for a 0.20 carbon grade 70-40 in
Specification A27/A27M, the maximum manganese content is 1.40; thus, the
highest acceptable product analysis is (1.40 + 0.09) = 1.49.
analysis by the casting manufacturer. When comparing product and heat analysis for other than carbon and low-alloy steels and
stainless steels, the reproducibility data R , in Test Methods E353 or E354, as applicable, shall be taken into consideration.
5.4 Unspecified Elements—When chemical analysis for elements not specified for the grade ordered is desired, Supplementary
Requirement S13 may be specified.
5.5 Grade Substitution—Grade substitution is not permitted. Grade substitution occurs when the material being supplied contains
one or more elements that are not specified for the supplied material such that the material conforms to the requirements of a
different grade.
6. Mechanical Test Requirements
NOTE 1—The tension testing requirements of this specification are intended only to characterize the tensile properties of the heat for determination of
conformance to the requirements of the applicable product specification. Such testing procedures are not intended to define the upper or lower limits of
tensile properties at all possible test locations within a heat. It is well known and documented that tensile properties will vary within a heat or individual
casting as a function of chemical composition, processing, testing procedure, and other factors. It is, therefore, incumbent on designers and engineers
to use sound engineering judgement when using tension test results.
6.1 The individual product specifications vary as to whether mechanical tests are required; for this reason, and to determine
specific test requirements, the individual product specification should be reviewed.
6.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, when mechanical properties are required by the product specification, test
coupons may be cast integrally with the castings, or as separate blocks, in accordance with Specification A1067/A1067M, Fig. 1,
Information on the relationship of mechanical properties determined on test coupons obtained as specified in 6.2 with those obtained from the casting may be found in
The Steel Casting Handbook, Fifth Edition, Steel Founders’ Society of America, pp.15–35 through 15–43, 1980.
A781/A781M − 21
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances – Stainless Steels
Tolerance Over the Tolerance Over the
Limit or Maximum of Maximum Limit or Limit or Maximum of Maximum Limit or
ElementsElement ElementsElement
Specified Range, % Under the Minimum Specified Range, % Under the Minimum
Limit Limit
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002 Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005 over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.07
over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01
A
over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.02 Cobalt over 0.05 to 0.50, incl 0.01
over 0.60 to 1.20, incl 0.03 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.02
over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.05
Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04 Columbium plus to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.05 tantalum
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl 0.06
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.10
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15 Tantalum to 0.10, incl 0.02
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005 Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005 over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20
over 0.20 to 0.50, incl 0.020
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05 Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10 over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
Aluminum to 0.15, incl −0.005, +0.01
over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.15
Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20 over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 0.45 to 0.55, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07 over 0.45 to 0.55, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 Tungsten to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15 over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.20
Vanadium to 0.50, incl 0.03
Molybdenum over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03 over 0.50 to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05
over 2.00 to 8.00, incl 0.10 Selenium all 0.03
A
Product analysis limits for cobalt under 0.05 % have not been established, and the manufacturer should be consulted for those limits.
Fig. 2, or Fig. 4, except when Supplementary Requirement S15 is specified. The test coupon in Specification A1067/A1067M, Fig.
4 may be employed only for austenitic stainless steel and nickel-base alloy castings with cross sections less than 2 ⁄2 in. [65 mm].
6.3 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings, at the producer’s or the purchaser’s option, instead of from separately
cast test coupons.
6.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M-suffix (SI units)
product standard should be identified by the purchaser in the ordering information. If the choice of test track is not specified in
the order, then the default ASTM track shall be used as noted in Test Methods A1058.
6.5 The coupon from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the
castings it represents.
A781/A781M − 21
TABLE 3 Product Analysis Tolerances – Nickel and Cobalt Base Alloys
Limit or Maximum of Variation Under Min or Limit or Maximum of Variation Under Min or
Element Element
Specified Element, % Over Max Specified Element, % Over Max
Carbon up to 0.02, incl 0.005 Aluminum up to 0.10, incl 0.02
over 0.02 to 0.20, incl 0.01 over 0.10 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 0.20 to 0.60 incl 0.02 over 0.50 to 2.00, incl 0.10
over 0.60 to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 2.00 to 5.00, incl 0.20
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.25
Manganese up to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.30
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
over 3.00 to 6.00, incl 0.07 Boron up to 0.01, incl 0.002
over 6.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 0.01 to 0.05, incl 0.005
over 0.05 to 0.15, incl 0.010
Silicon up to 0.05, incl 0.02
over 0.05 to 0.25, incl 0.03 Iron up to 0.20, inc 0.02
over 0.25 to 0.50, incl 0.04 over 0.20 to 0.75, incl 0.03
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05 over 0.75 to 2.50, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 4.50, incl 0.10 over 2.50 to 5.00, incl 0.07
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
Phosphorus all 0.005 over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15
over 15.00 to 30.00, incl 0.30
Sulfur up to 0.02, incl 0.003 over 30.00 to 50.00, incl 0.45
over 0.02 to 0.06, incl 0.005
Copper up to 0.20, incl 0.02
Chromium up to 5.00, incl 0.10 over 0.20 to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 5.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 5.00, incl 0.04
over 15.00 to 25.00, incl 0.25 over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.05
over 25.00 to 35.00, incl 0.30 over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.10
over 35.00 to 45.00, incl 0.40 over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.15
over 45.00 to 50.00, incl 0.50 over 30.00 to 40.00, incl 0.20
over 40.00 to 50.00, incl 0.25
Nickel up to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.10 Vanadium up to 0.50, incl 0.04
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.15 over 0.50 to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25 Yttrium up to 0.050, incl 0.005
over 30.00 to 40.00, inc 0.30 over 0.050 to 0.10, incl 0.010
over 40.00 to 60.00, incl 0.35 over 0.10 to 0.20, incl 0.015
over 60.00 to 80.00, inc 0.45
over 80.00 to 99.00, incl 0.60 Zirconium up to 0.10, incl 0.01
over 0.10 to 0.20, incl 0.02
Cobalt up to 0.10, incl 0.01
over 0.10 to 0.20, incl 0.02 Lanthanum up to 0.20, incl 0.01
over 0.20 to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 5.00, incl 0.05 Cerium up to 0.050, incl 0.005
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10 over 0.050 to 0.10, incl 0.010
over 10.00 to 15.00, incl 0.15 over 0.10 to 0.20, incl 0.015
over 15.00 to 20.00, incl 0.20
over 20.00 to 25.00, incl 0.25 Hafnium up to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 25.00 to 30.00, incl 0.30 over 1.50 to 3.00, incl 0.10
over 30.00 to 35.00, incl 0.35
over 35.00 to 50.00, incl 0.50 Rhenium up to 1.50, incl 0.05
over 1.50 to 3.00, incl 0.10
Molybdenum up to 1.00, incl 0.03 over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.05 over 5.00 to 7.00, incl 0.20
over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.10
over 5.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15 Platinum up to 0.50, incl 0.03
over 20.00 to 30.00, incl 0.25
over 30.00 to 40.00, incl 0.35 Oxygen up to 0.010, incl 0.005
Tungsten up to 1.00, incl 0.04 Nitrogen up to 0.02, incl 0.005
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10 over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
over 3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15 over 0.19 to 0.25, incl 0.02
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20 over 0.25 to 0.35, incl 0.03
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.25 over 0.35 to 0.45, incl 0.04
over 0.45 to 0.60, incl 0.05
A
Niobium and/or up to 1.50, incl 0.05
Tantalum over 1.50 to 3.00, incl 0.10 Magnesium up to 0.10, incl 0.01
3.00 to 5.00, incl 0.15
over 5.00 to 7.00, incl 0.20 Lead up to 0.01, incl 0.002
over 7.00 to 10.00, incl 0.25
over 10.00 to 13.00, incl 0.30 Tin up to 0.01, incl 0.002
over 0.01 to 0.05, incl 0.005
Titanium up to 0.10, incl 0.02
over 0.10 to 0.50, inc 0.03 Zinc up to 0.01, incl 0.002
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.04 over 0.01 to 0.05, incl 0.005
over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
A781/A781M − 21
TABLE 3 Continued
Limit or Maximum of Variation Under Min or Limit or Maximum of Variation Under Min or
Element Element
Specified Element, % Over Max Specified Element, % Over Max
Titanium over 2.00 to 3.50, incl 0.07
over 3.50 to 5.00, incl 0.10
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.20
A
Niobium (Nb) and columbium (Cb) both designate element 41.
6.6 The specimens may be cast to shape or machined from coupons to dimensions in accordance with Test Methods and
Definitions A370.
6.7 To determine conformance with the tension test requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded off in
accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest 0.5 ksi [5 MPa] for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for elongation
and reduction of area. In the special case of rounding the number “5” when no additional numbers other than “0” follow the “5,”
rounding shall be done in the direction of the specification limits if following Practice E29 would cause rejection of material.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 All castings shall be made in a workmanlike manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the
purchaser before manufacture is started. If the pattern is supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall be as
predicated by the pattern.
8. Quality
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual examination.
Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance standards specified in the order. Practice A802/A802M or other
visual standards may be used to define acceptable surface discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable visual surface discontinuities
shall be removed and their removal verified by visual examination of the resultant cavities.
8.2 When additional inspection is desired, Supplementary Requirement S1, S2, S3, S4, or S5 may be specified.
8.3 Rejectable indications shall not be peened, plugged, or impregnated.
9. Repair
9.1 Repair by welding shall be in accordance with the requirements of the individual specification, using procedures and welders
qualified in accordance with Practice A488/A488M.
10. Inspection
10.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy that the material is being
produced and furnished in accordance with the applicable specification. Foundry inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere
unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All tests and inspections, with the exception of product analysis (5.3), shall be
made at the place of manufacture unless otherwise agreed.
11. Rejection
11.1 Subsequent to acceptance at the manufacturer’s works, material that is found to be unacceptable as determined by
requirements specified in the order may be rejected by the purchaser. The manufacturer should be notified of such rejection. If the
manufacturer is dissatisfied with the results of any tests performed by the purchaser, they may make claim for a rehearing.
12. Retesting
12.1 If a specimen is machined improperly, or if flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded
and another substituted from the same heat.
A781/A781M
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